Ann Nichols-Casebolt
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195378108
- eISBN:
- 9780199932634
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195378108.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Research Integrity and Responsible Conduct of Research is designed to assist social work researchers and other social scientists as they consider what it means to uphold the highest ...
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Research Integrity and Responsible Conduct of Research is designed to assist social work researchers and other social scientists as they consider what it means to uphold the highest ethical standards in their research. As the social work profession increasingly emphasizes scholarship and research, the education and training of faculty and students in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) becomes imperative. Research Integrity and Responsible Conduct of Research supports this imperative by providing practical considerations, recommendations and tools in the ethical and responsible practice of social work research. The topics in the book cover what have been identified by the U.S. Office of Research Integrity as the core instructional areas central to RCR. These core areas include: data acquisition, management, sharing and ownership; conflict of interest and commitment; subjects’ protection; research misconduct; publication practices and responsible authorship; mentor and mentee responsibilities; peer review; and collaborative science. A key feature of the book is its attention to identifying specific issues within each of the core areas that are particularly relevant for social work and social science researchers. For example, the chapter on collaborative science discusses issues related to community-based research, and the chapter on subjects’ protection discusses common IRB issues with social behavioral protocols such as doing research “on” students. Case studies designed to enhance critical thinking skills related to handling ethical dilemmas confronted by social scientists in the practice of research are also included. Drawing on research, curriculum models and identified best practices that have been primarily developed for biomedical researchers, the book presents practical strategies for educating and promoting RCR among social scientists.Less
Research Integrity and Responsible Conduct of Research is designed to assist social work researchers and other social scientists as they consider what it means to uphold the highest ethical standards in their research. As the social work profession increasingly emphasizes scholarship and research, the education and training of faculty and students in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) becomes imperative. Research Integrity and Responsible Conduct of Research supports this imperative by providing practical considerations, recommendations and tools in the ethical and responsible practice of social work research. The topics in the book cover what have been identified by the U.S. Office of Research Integrity as the core instructional areas central to RCR. These core areas include: data acquisition, management, sharing and ownership; conflict of interest and commitment; subjects’ protection; research misconduct; publication practices and responsible authorship; mentor and mentee responsibilities; peer review; and collaborative science. A key feature of the book is its attention to identifying specific issues within each of the core areas that are particularly relevant for social work and social science researchers. For example, the chapter on collaborative science discusses issues related to community-based research, and the chapter on subjects’ protection discusses common IRB issues with social behavioral protocols such as doing research “on” students. Case studies designed to enhance critical thinking skills related to handling ethical dilemmas confronted by social scientists in the practice of research are also included. Drawing on research, curriculum models and identified best practices that have been primarily developed for biomedical researchers, the book presents practical strategies for educating and promoting RCR among social scientists.
Barbara K. Redman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780262019811
- eISBN:
- 9780262317757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262019811.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Bioethics
Policy supporting moral science must be constantly renewed in light of changing conditions, societal expectations, and ongoing discussions of what is involved with protecting science morality. ...
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Policy supporting moral science must be constantly renewed in light of changing conditions, societal expectations, and ongoing discussions of what is involved with protecting science morality. Evidence of the effectiveness of current research misconduct policy and of alternatives is urgently needed but must follow clarification of the goals of such policy. Particular attention must be paid to resource allocation within science, toward realignment of incentives both for individual scientists and for institutions, that support scientific integrity. Large scale corruption of scientific knowledge production by commercial groups has been documented but as yet is not effectively regulated. And moral science requires that research institutions and sponsors take far more decisive roles in reinventing a more responsible science.Less
Policy supporting moral science must be constantly renewed in light of changing conditions, societal expectations, and ongoing discussions of what is involved with protecting science morality. Evidence of the effectiveness of current research misconduct policy and of alternatives is urgently needed but must follow clarification of the goals of such policy. Particular attention must be paid to resource allocation within science, toward realignment of incentives both for individual scientists and for institutions, that support scientific integrity. Large scale corruption of scientific knowledge production by commercial groups has been documented but as yet is not effectively regulated. And moral science requires that research institutions and sponsors take far more decisive roles in reinventing a more responsible science.
Stephen Skowronek, John A. Dearborn, and Desmond King
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197543085
- eISBN:
- 9780197543115
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197543085.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter considers depth in knowledge, focusing on rules-based protections for knowledge-based authority in the executive branch. Rules provide firmer footing for depth than norms do, but even ...
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This chapter considers depth in knowledge, focusing on rules-based protections for knowledge-based authority in the executive branch. Rules provide firmer footing for depth than norms do, but even rules strain under presidents bent on political control. With the so-called war on science ramping up again in the Trump administration, questions about whether and to what extent rules protect government research and expertise from the unitary executive have been pushed front and center. Here we consider four cases in which knowledge-based authority was besieged, focusing on the National Weather Service, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Agriculture, and the executive branch’s response to the coronavirus pandemic.Less
This chapter considers depth in knowledge, focusing on rules-based protections for knowledge-based authority in the executive branch. Rules provide firmer footing for depth than norms do, but even rules strain under presidents bent on political control. With the so-called war on science ramping up again in the Trump administration, questions about whether and to what extent rules protect government research and expertise from the unitary executive have been pushed front and center. Here we consider four cases in which knowledge-based authority was besieged, focusing on the National Weather Service, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Agriculture, and the executive branch’s response to the coronavirus pandemic.
Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- August 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198799887
- eISBN:
- 9780191864858
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198799887.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
The way science is done has changed radically in the last years. The personal reflections and experiences of a protagonist help us to understand the mechanisms of contemporary science. A system where ...
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The way science is done has changed radically in the last years. The personal reflections and experiences of a protagonist help us to understand the mechanisms of contemporary science. A system where passion, dedication and reliability, have increasingly less room, pressed by hard market laws. From vocation of a few, science has become the profession of many, possibly too many. With consequences and risks, such as the increase of frauds, plagiarism, but in particular with a huge amount of scientific publications, often of little relevance. The solution? A slow approach with more emphasis to quality than quantity, that helps us to rediscover the central role of a responsible scientist. The work is a critical review and assessment of present-day policies and behaviors in science production and publication, touching upon the tumultuous growth of scientific Journals, in parallel to the growth of self-declared scientists over the world. Along with personal reminiscences of times past, the author investigates the loopholes and hoaxes of pretended Journals and non-existing Congresses, so common nowadays in the scientific arena. The troubles with bibliometric indices are also discussed, as resulting in large part from the above distortions of science life.Less
The way science is done has changed radically in the last years. The personal reflections and experiences of a protagonist help us to understand the mechanisms of contemporary science. A system where passion, dedication and reliability, have increasingly less room, pressed by hard market laws. From vocation of a few, science has become the profession of many, possibly too many. With consequences and risks, such as the increase of frauds, plagiarism, but in particular with a huge amount of scientific publications, often of little relevance. The solution? A slow approach with more emphasis to quality than quantity, that helps us to rediscover the central role of a responsible scientist. The work is a critical review and assessment of present-day policies and behaviors in science production and publication, touching upon the tumultuous growth of scientific Journals, in parallel to the growth of self-declared scientists over the world. Along with personal reminiscences of times past, the author investigates the loopholes and hoaxes of pretended Journals and non-existing Congresses, so common nowadays in the scientific arena. The troubles with bibliometric indices are also discussed, as resulting in large part from the above distortions of science life.
Jeffrey Beall
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262037426
- eISBN:
- 9780262344814
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262037426.003.0012
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Predatory publishers and journals aim to make as much money as possible from researchers using the author-pays publishing model. Though most claim to manage a proper peer review, the practice of ...
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Predatory publishers and journals aim to make as much money as possible from researchers using the author-pays publishing model. Though most claim to manage a proper peer review, the practice of rejecting papers for publication is contrary to their business model of maximizing revenue through author fees. Accordingly, predatory publishers frequently accept and publish articles presenting pseudo-science dressed up as legitimate research. This chapter analyzes the increasing occurrence of pseudo-science being published in predatory open-access journals.Less
Predatory publishers and journals aim to make as much money as possible from researchers using the author-pays publishing model. Though most claim to manage a proper peer review, the practice of rejecting papers for publication is contrary to their business model of maximizing revenue through author fees. Accordingly, predatory publishers frequently accept and publish articles presenting pseudo-science dressed up as legitimate research. This chapter analyzes the increasing occurrence of pseudo-science being published in predatory open-access journals.
Christopher J. Newman
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- June 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190915650
- eISBN:
- 9780197506066
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190915650.003.0016
- Subject:
- Biology, Bioethics
This concluding chapter details the current state of space law and, in particular, the mechanisms that might be used to deal with the discovery of extraterrestrial life. The law in such discovery ...
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This concluding chapter details the current state of space law and, in particular, the mechanisms that might be used to deal with the discovery of extraterrestrial life. The law in such discovery events will operate in a number of ways, defining the roles of different terrestrial agencies, protecting the scientific integrity of any discovered life, and providing valuable protection for the newly discovered life form. The chapter then argues that existing planetary protection and contamination rules, with their clearly anthropocentric bias (preserve the science), are outmoded and the resulting regulatory gap should be filled with nonbinding soft laws. It also proposes some ways forward to ensure that the seminal discovery event does not lead to conflict on Earth, the loss of irreplaceable scientific information, or even the destruction of the alien life. Ultimately, at present, there is little consensus as to how to start formulating laws to govern relations with alien lifeforms, no matter what their composition.Less
This concluding chapter details the current state of space law and, in particular, the mechanisms that might be used to deal with the discovery of extraterrestrial life. The law in such discovery events will operate in a number of ways, defining the roles of different terrestrial agencies, protecting the scientific integrity of any discovered life, and providing valuable protection for the newly discovered life form. The chapter then argues that existing planetary protection and contamination rules, with their clearly anthropocentric bias (preserve the science), are outmoded and the resulting regulatory gap should be filled with nonbinding soft laws. It also proposes some ways forward to ensure that the seminal discovery event does not lead to conflict on Earth, the loss of irreplaceable scientific information, or even the destruction of the alien life. Ultimately, at present, there is little consensus as to how to start formulating laws to govern relations with alien lifeforms, no matter what their composition.
Christopher Gandrud
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198817062
- eISBN:
- 9780191858680
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198817062.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Reproducibility is a core tenant of scientific enquiry, including the study of governance and government outputs. Having full access to the data and procedures that researchers used to study a ...
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Reproducibility is a core tenant of scientific enquiry, including the study of governance and government outputs. Having full access to the data and procedures that researchers used to study a phenomenon is vital for being able to understand and trust their findings. This chapter sets out best practices for the reproducibility of governance indicators. For a governance indicator project to be ‘really reproducible’, the full data as well as data gathering and analysis procedures should be easily and persistently accessible. Indicator development should be fully documented, especially via a version control system. The chapter surveys the status quo level of reproducibility among prominent governance indicator projects. While most had some reproduction material available, none were really reproducible. The chapter concludes with recommendations, including calling for a shared governance indicator hosting service that focuses on encouraging reproducibility.Less
Reproducibility is a core tenant of scientific enquiry, including the study of governance and government outputs. Having full access to the data and procedures that researchers used to study a phenomenon is vital for being able to understand and trust their findings. This chapter sets out best practices for the reproducibility of governance indicators. For a governance indicator project to be ‘really reproducible’, the full data as well as data gathering and analysis procedures should be easily and persistently accessible. Indicator development should be fully documented, especially via a version control system. The chapter surveys the status quo level of reproducibility among prominent governance indicator projects. While most had some reproduction material available, none were really reproducible. The chapter concludes with recommendations, including calling for a shared governance indicator hosting service that focuses on encouraging reproducibility.
