John M Findlay and Iain D Gilchrist
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198524793
- eISBN:
- 9780191711817
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524793.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
More than one third of the human brain is devoted to the processes of seeing — vision is after all the main way in which we gather information about the world. But human vision is a dynamic process ...
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More than one third of the human brain is devoted to the processes of seeing — vision is after all the main way in which we gather information about the world. But human vision is a dynamic process during which the eyes continually sample the environment. Where most books on vision consider it as a passive activity, this book focuses on vision as an ‘active’ process. It goes beyond most accounts of vision where the focus is on seeing, to provide an account of seeing AND looking. The book starts by pointing out the weaknesses in our traditional approaches to vision and the reason we need this new approach. It then gives a thorough description of basic details of the visual and oculomotor systems necessary to understand active vision. The book goes on to show how this approach can give a new perspective on visual attention, and how the approach has progressed in the areas of visual orienting, reading, visual search, scene perception, and neuropsychology. Finally, the book summarizes progress by showing how this approach sheds new light on the old problem of how we maintain perception of a stable visual world.Less
More than one third of the human brain is devoted to the processes of seeing — vision is after all the main way in which we gather information about the world. But human vision is a dynamic process during which the eyes continually sample the environment. Where most books on vision consider it as a passive activity, this book focuses on vision as an ‘active’ process. It goes beyond most accounts of vision where the focus is on seeing, to provide an account of seeing AND looking. The book starts by pointing out the weaknesses in our traditional approaches to vision and the reason we need this new approach. It then gives a thorough description of basic details of the visual and oculomotor systems necessary to understand active vision. The book goes on to show how this approach can give a new perspective on visual attention, and how the approach has progressed in the areas of visual orienting, reading, visual search, scene perception, and neuropsychology. Finally, the book summarizes progress by showing how this approach sheds new light on the old problem of how we maintain perception of a stable visual world.
John M. Findlay
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198524793
- eISBN:
- 9780191711817
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524793.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter is concerned with eye movements while viewing natural scenes and engaging in visual activities. It starts with a discussion of early descriptive studies of picture scanning. The concept ...
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This chapter is concerned with eye movements while viewing natural scenes and engaging in visual activities. It starts with a discussion of early descriptive studies of picture scanning. The concept of a scanpath is then introduced, followed by a discussion of scene perception, more specifically the role of objects in scenes. This section includes a brief account of theories of object perception and scene perception together with the role eye movements in scene understanding. The theory of deictic vision and the role of eye movements in everyday activities including driving, sport, and tea making, are discussed.Less
This chapter is concerned with eye movements while viewing natural scenes and engaging in visual activities. It starts with a discussion of early descriptive studies of picture scanning. The concept of a scanpath is then introduced, followed by a discussion of scene perception, more specifically the role of objects in scenes. This section includes a brief account of theories of object perception and scene perception together with the role eye movements in scene understanding. The theory of deictic vision and the role of eye movements in everyday activities including driving, sport, and tea making, are discussed.
Peter De Graef
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198566816
- eISBN:
- 9780191693618
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566816.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
When trying to predict where the eyes will go next in the free exploration of real-world scenes, recent models have focused on the analysis of visual stimulus properties in order to compute the ...
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When trying to predict where the eyes will go next in the free exploration of real-world scenes, recent models have focused on the analysis of visual stimulus properties in order to compute the priority that will be assigned to a given scene component or object. Possible influences on gaze control that are rooted in the meaning of the scene and the semantic relation of the scene to the objects in it, have been regarded as elusive and mostly relevant to later stages of scene exploration. This chapter reviews recent theoretical developments that provide a more acceptable framework for considering influences of object-in-scene semantics on gaze control. In addition, it presents eye-tracking data recorded in intentional search and exogenous cueing paradigms, which demonstrate reliable and immediate context effects on eye guidance in meaningful scenes.Less
When trying to predict where the eyes will go next in the free exploration of real-world scenes, recent models have focused on the analysis of visual stimulus properties in order to compute the priority that will be assigned to a given scene component or object. Possible influences on gaze control that are rooted in the meaning of the scene and the semantic relation of the scene to the objects in it, have been regarded as elusive and mostly relevant to later stages of scene exploration. This chapter reviews recent theoretical developments that provide a more acceptable framework for considering influences of object-in-scene semantics on gaze control. In addition, it presents eye-tracking data recorded in intentional search and exogenous cueing paradigms, which demonstrate reliable and immediate context effects on eye guidance in meaningful scenes.
Mary A. Peterson and Gillian Rhodes
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195313659
- eISBN:
- 9780199848058
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195313659.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
People readily recognize the faces of friends and the objects around them. They do so effortlessly, but these cannot just be part of a simple task for the visual system. Faces are all extremely ...
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People readily recognize the faces of friends and the objects around them. They do so effortlessly, but these cannot just be part of a simple task for the visual system. Faces are all extremely similar as visual patterns. People see objects from different viewpoints and in different arrangements. How does the visual system solve these problems? This book attempts to answer this question by considering how analytic and holistic processes contribute to the perception of faces, objects, and scenes. This volume brings together 21st-century views. The contributors to this volume ask whether analytic and holistic processes contribute differently to the perception of faces and objects. They also consider whether different mechanisms code holistic and analytic information or whether a single universal system can suffice.Less
People readily recognize the faces of friends and the objects around them. They do so effortlessly, but these cannot just be part of a simple task for the visual system. Faces are all extremely similar as visual patterns. People see objects from different viewpoints and in different arrangements. How does the visual system solve these problems? This book attempts to answer this question by considering how analytic and holistic processes contribute to the perception of faces, objects, and scenes. This volume brings together 21st-century views. The contributors to this volume ask whether analytic and holistic processes contribute differently to the perception of faces and objects. They also consider whether different mechanisms code holistic and analytic information or whether a single universal system can suffice.
Russell A. Epstein
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262027854
- eISBN:
- 9780262319898
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027854.003.0006
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Sensory and Motor Systems
This chapter describes the neural systems involved in the perception and recognition of scenes, particularly the PPA, a region in the brain that plays an important role in scene processing. Besides ...
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This chapter describes the neural systems involved in the perception and recognition of scenes, particularly the PPA, a region in the brain that plays an important role in scene processing. Besides encoding the spatial layout of scenes, the PPA also encodes visual properties of scenes and spatial information that can be taken from both scenes and objects. Recent neuroimaging studies explore the possibility that the PPA may be composed of two functionally or anatomically distinct parts. Complementing this work are studies indicating that there might be a second pathway for scene recognition that passes through the lateral occipital cortex. While PPA represents scenes based on whole-scene characteristics, LO represents scenes based on the identities of within-scene objects.Less
This chapter describes the neural systems involved in the perception and recognition of scenes, particularly the PPA, a region in the brain that plays an important role in scene processing. Besides encoding the spatial layout of scenes, the PPA also encodes visual properties of scenes and spatial information that can be taken from both scenes and objects. Recent neuroimaging studies explore the possibility that the PPA may be composed of two functionally or anatomically distinct parts. Complementing this work are studies indicating that there might be a second pathway for scene recognition that passes through the lateral occipital cortex. While PPA represents scenes based on whole-scene characteristics, LO represents scenes based on the identities of within-scene objects.
Karla K. Evans and Sang Chul Chong
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199734337
- eISBN:
- 9780190255855
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199734337.003.0026
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology
This chapter comments on Anne Treisman's 2006 paper How the deployment of attention determines what we see, published in Visual Cognition. Treisman reviews the evidence from some research on focused ...
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This chapter comments on Anne Treisman's 2006 paper How the deployment of attention determines what we see, published in Visual Cognition. Treisman reviews the evidence from some research on focused attention and its use in binding features, as well as distributed attention and how it differs from focused attention in terms of scale and function. The chapter compares Treisman's distributed attention with similar concepts such as global or holistic attention and examines how two modes of attention can be empirically dissociated. It summarizes the results of some recent studies that looked into statistical properties, rapid scene categorization, and gist perception, and suggests how Treisman's idea of distributed attention may play a role. It considers how the visual system extracts the mean size of an array and how properties acquired from distributed attention contribute to rapid scene perception.Less
This chapter comments on Anne Treisman's 2006 paper How the deployment of attention determines what we see, published in Visual Cognition. Treisman reviews the evidence from some research on focused attention and its use in binding features, as well as distributed attention and how it differs from focused attention in terms of scale and function. The chapter compares Treisman's distributed attention with similar concepts such as global or holistic attention and examines how two modes of attention can be empirically dissociated. It summarizes the results of some recent studies that looked into statistical properties, rapid scene categorization, and gist perception, and suggests how Treisman's idea of distributed attention may play a role. It considers how the visual system extracts the mean size of an array and how properties acquired from distributed attention contribute to rapid scene perception.
Zygmunt Pizlo, Yunfeng Li, Tadamasa Sawada, and Robert M. Steinman
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199922543
- eISBN:
- 9780190228385
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199922543.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Vision
This book explains why and how our visual perceptions are veridical; how they can provide us with an accurate representation of the world “out there.” It explains how this computationally difficult ...
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This book explains why and how our visual perceptions are veridical; how they can provide us with an accurate representation of the world “out there.” It explains how this computationally difficult problem was solved by describing how the authors built a machine (a computational model) that sees very much as we do. This has never been done before and nothing remotely like it is available anywhere else. Doing it required a “paradigm shift,” an entirely new way of thinking about visual perception, one that is quite unlike any that has been considered up to now. The book, despite its scientific sophistication, is accessible to a very wide audience because each issue covered in the text is discussed twice, once for the “intuitive” reader and once for the “technical” reader. No equations are included in this book, but technical readers can find them in the authors’ published papers. The book, which contains many helpful demos, tells the story of how the machine was developed and what drove the ideas needed to make it work. This makes it an interesting, even gripping, read. The machine, explained clearly in this book, could have enormous practical and scientific, as well as social/artistic consequences. This book combines a new computational theory of shape perception with an account of the history of the theory's discovery. It tells this story together with all relevant background information including criticisms of it and of opposing theories. This mixture is an unusual way to present a major scientific achievement, but it not only works, it also makes for an exciting read.Less
This book explains why and how our visual perceptions are veridical; how they can provide us with an accurate representation of the world “out there.” It explains how this computationally difficult problem was solved by describing how the authors built a machine (a computational model) that sees very much as we do. This has never been done before and nothing remotely like it is available anywhere else. Doing it required a “paradigm shift,” an entirely new way of thinking about visual perception, one that is quite unlike any that has been considered up to now. The book, despite its scientific sophistication, is accessible to a very wide audience because each issue covered in the text is discussed twice, once for the “intuitive” reader and once for the “technical” reader. No equations are included in this book, but technical readers can find them in the authors’ published papers. The book, which contains many helpful demos, tells the story of how the machine was developed and what drove the ideas needed to make it work. This makes it an interesting, even gripping, read. The machine, explained clearly in this book, could have enormous practical and scientific, as well as social/artistic consequences. This book combines a new computational theory of shape perception with an account of the history of the theory's discovery. It tells this story together with all relevant background information including criticisms of it and of opposing theories. This mixture is an unusual way to present a major scientific achievement, but it not only works, it also makes for an exciting read.
