Philip Burton
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199266227
- eISBN:
- 9780191709098
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199266227.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter examines some of the traditions of attitudes towards language, which form part of the cultural backdrop to Augustine's work. Particular attention is given to the growth of hesychasm and ...
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This chapter examines some of the traditions of attitudes towards language, which form part of the cultural backdrop to Augustine's work. Particular attention is given to the growth of hesychasm and abstention from language in the 4th century, a phenomenon usually associated with monasticism but also found in Neoplatonic circles. Without explicitly criticizing this movement, Augustine reasserts the importance of language, linking the Johannine doctrine of the divine Logos, revealed in Jesus of Nazareth, to the wider doctrine of God's ‘speaking’ through the perceptible order of the physical world.Less
This chapter examines some of the traditions of attitudes towards language, which form part of the cultural backdrop to Augustine's work. Particular attention is given to the growth of hesychasm and abstention from language in the 4th century, a phenomenon usually associated with monasticism but also found in Neoplatonic circles. Without explicitly criticizing this movement, Augustine reasserts the importance of language, linking the Johannine doctrine of the divine Logos, revealed in Jesus of Nazareth, to the wider doctrine of God's ‘speaking’ through the perceptible order of the physical world.
Marie Mendras
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199244096
- eISBN:
- 9780191600371
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924409X.003.0019
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Addresses the question of how Western responsibility for the early promise and later disappointments of Russia's development in the 1990s should be assessed. It contends that internal dynamics and ...
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Addresses the question of how Western responsibility for the early promise and later disappointments of Russia's development in the 1990s should be assessed. It contends that internal dynamics and historic legacies have played a large part in shaping the behaviour of the Russian elite. The chapter focuses on Russia's relations with the democratic world, highlighting its attraction to Western, mainly European, ways of life and values, as well as a propensity for resisting influence and subordination. The chapter notes two major symptoms of a growing disregard for democratic rule, civil rights, and the rule of law: (1) the second war in Chechnya (2) Vladimir Putin's predetermined presidential election. The author points out to several reasons for the deterioration of democratic society in Russia's ‘new capitalism’: the flawed nature of elections, the pressure on powerful rivals not to compete, the scale of corruption and the frequency of financial‐political scandals. Nevertheless, the chapter also shows that in a number of cases Russia has demonstrated the will to play by international Western rules. Despite daunting internal problems, the opening of Russia and its immersion into the world of affairs has fundamentally changed the political environment.Less
Addresses the question of how Western responsibility for the early promise and later disappointments of Russia's development in the 1990s should be assessed. It contends that internal dynamics and historic legacies have played a large part in shaping the behaviour of the Russian elite. The chapter focuses on Russia's relations with the democratic world, highlighting its attraction to Western, mainly European, ways of life and values, as well as a propensity for resisting influence and subordination. The chapter notes two major symptoms of a growing disregard for democratic rule, civil rights, and the rule of law: (1) the second war in Chechnya (2) Vladimir Putin's predetermined presidential election. The author points out to several reasons for the deterioration of democratic society in Russia's ‘new capitalism’: the flawed nature of elections, the pressure on powerful rivals not to compete, the scale of corruption and the frequency of financial‐political scandals. Nevertheless, the chapter also shows that in a number of cases Russia has demonstrated the will to play by international Western rules. Despite daunting internal problems, the opening of Russia and its immersion into the world of affairs has fundamentally changed the political environment.
Marcus Kreuzer and Ina Stephan
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199260362
- eISBN:
- 9780191601873
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199260362.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
French politicians became skilled political entrepreneurs much earlier than their European counterparts, but their professionalization was shaped by the fact that it took place within a centralized ...
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French politicians became skilled political entrepreneurs much earlier than their European counterparts, but their professionalization was shaped by the fact that it took place within a centralized state bureaucracy characterized by a strong anti-republicanism. As a result of the bureaucracy’s various obstructionist tactics, disciplined political parties developed very slowly, thereby delaying the professionalization of certain aspects of parliamentary and electoral politics. Until today, the cumulation of national with (sometimes several) local mandates is a common way to live off politics in France. The image of a corrupt political class has intensified since the end of the 1980s, but ensuing reforms were for the most part a reaction to public pressure and not so much results of an explicit reformist intention.Less
French politicians became skilled political entrepreneurs much earlier than their European counterparts, but their professionalization was shaped by the fact that it took place within a centralized state bureaucracy characterized by a strong anti-republicanism. As a result of the bureaucracy’s various obstructionist tactics, disciplined political parties developed very slowly, thereby delaying the professionalization of certain aspects of parliamentary and electoral politics. Until today, the cumulation of national with (sometimes several) local mandates is a common way to live off politics in France. The image of a corrupt political class has intensified since the end of the 1980s, but ensuing reforms were for the most part a reaction to public pressure and not so much results of an explicit reformist intention.
Ettore Recchi and Luca Verzichelli
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199260362
- eISBN:
- 9780191601873
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199260362.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Since the early post-war years, parties have been central to Italy's political system and have regulated the recruitment patterns and socialization of members of the large political class, which was ...
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Since the early post-war years, parties have been central to Italy's political system and have regulated the recruitment patterns and socialization of members of the large political class, which was quite strictly separated in a national and a sub-national circuit. Consequently, in this so-called age of 'particocrazia', political reforms were mostly intended to strengthen the party control of Italian politics. The drastic change in the party system and the electoral system in beginning of the 1990s has then led to a considerable exchange of the political class' background, composition, and professional status. Yet, it seems that by now a re-professionalization is already under way, albeit not a return to a strictly party-dominated system.Less
Since the early post-war years, parties have been central to Italy's political system and have regulated the recruitment patterns and socialization of members of the large political class, which was quite strictly separated in a national and a sub-national circuit. Consequently, in this so-called age of 'particocrazia', political reforms were mostly intended to strengthen the party control of Italian politics. The drastic change in the party system and the electoral system in beginning of the 1990s has then led to a considerable exchange of the political class' background, composition, and professional status. Yet, it seems that by now a re-professionalization is already under way, albeit not a return to a strictly party-dominated system.
Julian E. Zelizer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150734
- eISBN:
- 9781400841899
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150734.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
In recent years, the study of American political history has experienced a remarkable renaissance. After decades during which the subject fell out of fashion and disappeared from public view, it has ...
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In recent years, the study of American political history has experienced a remarkable renaissance. After decades during which the subject fell out of fashion and disappeared from public view, it has returned to prominence as the study of American history has shifted its focus back to politics broadly defined. This book assesses its revival and demonstrates how this work not only illuminates the past but also helps us better understand American politics today. It considers the history of public policy and American conservatism as well as the politics of Medicare, campaign finance, troop withdrawal, and national security, among others. It also explores the interrelationships between democracy, taxation, and state-building, along with scandals in American politics.Less
In recent years, the study of American political history has experienced a remarkable renaissance. After decades during which the subject fell out of fashion and disappeared from public view, it has returned to prominence as the study of American history has shifted its focus back to politics broadly defined. This book assesses its revival and demonstrates how this work not only illuminates the past but also helps us better understand American politics today. It considers the history of public policy and American conservatism as well as the politics of Medicare, campaign finance, troop withdrawal, and national security, among others. It also explores the interrelationships between democracy, taxation, and state-building, along with scandals in American politics.
Tarek El-Ariss
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691181936
- eISBN:
- 9780691184913
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691181936.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
In recent years, Arab activists have confronted authoritarian regimes both on the street and online, leaking videos and exposing atrocities, and demanding political rights. This book situates these ...
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In recent years, Arab activists have confronted authoritarian regimes both on the street and online, leaking videos and exposing atrocities, and demanding political rights. This book situates these critiques of power within a pervasive culture of scandal and leaks and shows how cultural production and political change in the contemporary Arab world are enabled by digital technology, yet emerge from traditional cultural models. Focusing on a new generation of activists and authors from Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula, the book connects WikiLeaks to The Arabian Nights, Twitter to mystical revelation, cyberattacks to pre-Islamic tribal raids, and digital activism to the affective scene-making of Arab popular culture. It shifts the epistemological and historical frameworks from the postcolonial condition to the digital condition and shows how new media challenge the novel as the traditional vehicle for political consciousness and intellectual debate. Theorizing the rise of “the leaking subject” who reveals, contests, and writes through chaotic yet highly political means, the book investigates the digital consciousness, virality, and affective forms of knowledge that jolt and inform the public and that draw readers in to the unfolding fiction of scandal. The book maps the changing landscape of Arab modernity, or Nahda, in the digital age and traces how concepts such as the nation, community, power, the intellectual, the author, and the novel are hacked and recoded through new modes of confrontation, circulation, and dissent.Less
In recent years, Arab activists have confronted authoritarian regimes both on the street and online, leaking videos and exposing atrocities, and demanding political rights. This book situates these critiques of power within a pervasive culture of scandal and leaks and shows how cultural production and political change in the contemporary Arab world are enabled by digital technology, yet emerge from traditional cultural models. Focusing on a new generation of activists and authors from Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula, the book connects WikiLeaks to The Arabian Nights, Twitter to mystical revelation, cyberattacks to pre-Islamic tribal raids, and digital activism to the affective scene-making of Arab popular culture. It shifts the epistemological and historical frameworks from the postcolonial condition to the digital condition and shows how new media challenge the novel as the traditional vehicle for political consciousness and intellectual debate. Theorizing the rise of “the leaking subject” who reveals, contests, and writes through chaotic yet highly political means, the book investigates the digital consciousness, virality, and affective forms of knowledge that jolt and inform the public and that draw readers in to the unfolding fiction of scandal. The book maps the changing landscape of Arab modernity, or Nahda, in the digital age and traces how concepts such as the nation, community, power, the intellectual, the author, and the novel are hacked and recoded through new modes of confrontation, circulation, and dissent.
Julian E. Zelizer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150734
- eISBN:
- 9781400841899
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150734.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter explores the relationship between politics and scandal throughout American history. Scandals had been part of American politics since the revolution, but they had never so pervasive as ...
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This chapter explores the relationship between politics and scandal throughout American history. Scandals had been part of American politics since the revolution, but they had never so pervasive as in the last three decades of the twentieth century. They had become integral to partisan strategy, political reform, and the public perception of government. The chapter first considers the role of scandal in national politics in the early postwar era, 1945–1964, before discussing the efforts of public interest groups in collaboration with liberal Democrats to put corruption on the national agenda. It then examines the politics of reform between 1972 and 1978, along with the change in political style that gradually encouraged the latent tendency of democratic politics to veer into scandal during the period 1978–1992. It also looks at television coverage of scandals and the impeachment of Bill Clinton and concludes with some reflections on the future of scandal politics.Less
This chapter explores the relationship between politics and scandal throughout American history. Scandals had been part of American politics since the revolution, but they had never so pervasive as in the last three decades of the twentieth century. They had become integral to partisan strategy, political reform, and the public perception of government. The chapter first considers the role of scandal in national politics in the early postwar era, 1945–1964, before discussing the efforts of public interest groups in collaboration with liberal Democrats to put corruption on the national agenda. It then examines the politics of reform between 1972 and 1978, along with the change in political style that gradually encouraged the latent tendency of democratic politics to veer into scandal during the period 1978–1992. It also looks at television coverage of scandals and the impeachment of Bill Clinton and concludes with some reflections on the future of scandal politics.
Patrick Connolly
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199216451
- eISBN:
- 9780191712173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216451.003.0020
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, Religion and Society
This chapter examines the extent and limitations of the resources that exist within the 1983 Code of Canon Law of the Latin Catholic Church for addressing one particular perceived area of weakness in ...
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This chapter examines the extent and limitations of the resources that exist within the 1983 Code of Canon Law of the Latin Catholic Church for addressing one particular perceived area of weakness in the internal governance of the Roman Catholic Church, namely: episcopal accountability, as this has come under scrutiny in the light of the sexual abuse scandals in the English-speaking world. The ensuing crisis has given these matters a new and compelling relevance as it becomes obvious that such weaknesses have practical implications and significant consequences for the church's credible preaching of the Good News in a sceptical world. The concern here is to explore how in this specific regard the gap that can open up between the high rhetoric of Roman Catholic self-understanding and the actual reality of practice and structure might be narrowed.Less
This chapter examines the extent and limitations of the resources that exist within the 1983 Code of Canon Law of the Latin Catholic Church for addressing one particular perceived area of weakness in the internal governance of the Roman Catholic Church, namely: episcopal accountability, as this has come under scrutiny in the light of the sexual abuse scandals in the English-speaking world. The ensuing crisis has given these matters a new and compelling relevance as it becomes obvious that such weaknesses have practical implications and significant consequences for the church's credible preaching of the Good News in a sceptical world. The concern here is to explore how in this specific regard the gap that can open up between the high rhetoric of Roman Catholic self-understanding and the actual reality of practice and structure might be narrowed.
William L. Miller, Tatyana Y. Koshechkina, and ÅSE B. GRØDELAND
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263136
- eISBN:
- 9780191734922
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263136.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Political theorists claim that political trust is located on the continuum that runs from blind faith to enforceable contract. Trust ‘as passion’ borders on blind faith, while trust ‘as calculation’ ...
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Political theorists claim that political trust is located on the continuum that runs from blind faith to enforceable contract. Trust ‘as passion’ borders on blind faith, while trust ‘as calculation’ comes close to enforceable contract. More often located between these extremes, political trust is usually a mix of faith and calculation, varying from largely irrational responses to the charisma of political leaders to largely calculated ‘bets on the actions of others’. This chapter discusses political distrust in post-Communist Europe and looks at four broad categories of potential influences (all negative) on political trust: distrustful citizens, untrustworthy institutions, discordance between citizens and government, and hard times. It also examines incompetence, scandal, dishonesty, and corruption; responsiveness and fairness; the untrustworthiness of elected and unelected officials; and the unfairness that citizens perceive or actually experience.Less
Political theorists claim that political trust is located on the continuum that runs from blind faith to enforceable contract. Trust ‘as passion’ borders on blind faith, while trust ‘as calculation’ comes close to enforceable contract. More often located between these extremes, political trust is usually a mix of faith and calculation, varying from largely irrational responses to the charisma of political leaders to largely calculated ‘bets on the actions of others’. This chapter discusses political distrust in post-Communist Europe and looks at four broad categories of potential influences (all negative) on political trust: distrustful citizens, untrustworthy institutions, discordance between citizens and government, and hard times. It also examines incompetence, scandal, dishonesty, and corruption; responsiveness and fairness; the untrustworthiness of elected and unelected officials; and the unfairness that citizens perceive or actually experience.
Jessica Waldoff
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195151978
- eISBN:
- 9780199870387
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195151978.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Opera
This chapter illustrates the value of recognition as an approach by providing a detailed analysis of plot, text, and music in Zauberflöte. With its rich store of enlightenment metaphor and symbolism, ...
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This chapter illustrates the value of recognition as an approach by providing a detailed analysis of plot, text, and music in Zauberflöte. With its rich store of enlightenment metaphor and symbolism, its overt treatment of knowledge as subject, and its marvelous dénouement in which the ascendance of light vanquishes the forces of darkness, this opera offers a marvelous demonstration of how recognition works at the levels of plot and theme. Tamino's famous colloquy with the priest in the Act I finale is read as a recognition scene. Later recognition scenes involving Papageno, Pamina, and Tamino are also discussed. The final section suggests that the contrivance (and reversal) various critics have sensed in Zauberflöte may be understood as what Terence Cave has called the “scandal of recognition”.Less
This chapter illustrates the value of recognition as an approach by providing a detailed analysis of plot, text, and music in Zauberflöte. With its rich store of enlightenment metaphor and symbolism, its overt treatment of knowledge as subject, and its marvelous dénouement in which the ascendance of light vanquishes the forces of darkness, this opera offers a marvelous demonstration of how recognition works at the levels of plot and theme. Tamino's famous colloquy with the priest in the Act I finale is read as a recognition scene. Later recognition scenes involving Papageno, Pamina, and Tamino are also discussed. The final section suggests that the contrivance (and reversal) various critics have sensed in Zauberflöte may be understood as what Terence Cave has called the “scandal of recognition”.
Jeffrey C. Alexander
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195160840
- eISBN:
- 9780199944156
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195160840.003.0019
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
This chapter considers the Watergate Scandal in the U.S. as a democratic ritual. It examines the how and why of the perception of Watergate and explains how it became a moral symbol. It describes ...
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This chapter considers the Watergate Scandal in the U.S. as a democratic ritual. It examines the how and why of the perception of Watergate and explains how it became a moral symbol. It describes what must happen for an entire society to experience fundamental crisis and ritual renewal.Less
This chapter considers the Watergate Scandal in the U.S. as a democratic ritual. It examines the how and why of the perception of Watergate and explains how it became a moral symbol. It describes what must happen for an entire society to experience fundamental crisis and ritual renewal.
Adil E Shamoo and David B Resnik
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195368246
- eISBN:
- 9780199867615
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368246.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology, Biochemistry / Molecular Biology
Recent scandals and controversies—such as the falsification, fabrication, and plagiarism of data in federally funded science; the manipulation and distortion of research sponsored by private ...
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Recent scandals and controversies—such as the falsification, fabrication, and plagiarism of data in federally funded science; the manipulation and distortion of research sponsored by private companies; human embryonic stem cell research; cloning; and the patenting of DNA and cell lines—illustrate the importance of ethics in scientific research. This book provides an introduction and overview of many of the social, ethical, and legal issues facing scientists today. The book includes chapters on research misconduct, conflicts of interest, data management, mentoring, authorship, peer review, publication, intellectual property, research with human subjects, research with animal subjects, genetic and stem cell research, international research, and ethical decision making. The book also features dozens of real and hypothetical cases for discussion and analysis and introduces the reader to important research regulations and guidelines. Now in its second edition, this book synthesizes the diverse talents and experiences. This second edition of this book includes new chapters and cases and has been brought up to date on the latest issues and problems in research ethics.Less
Recent scandals and controversies—such as the falsification, fabrication, and plagiarism of data in federally funded science; the manipulation and distortion of research sponsored by private companies; human embryonic stem cell research; cloning; and the patenting of DNA and cell lines—illustrate the importance of ethics in scientific research. This book provides an introduction and overview of many of the social, ethical, and legal issues facing scientists today. The book includes chapters on research misconduct, conflicts of interest, data management, mentoring, authorship, peer review, publication, intellectual property, research with human subjects, research with animal subjects, genetic and stem cell research, international research, and ethical decision making. The book also features dozens of real and hypothetical cases for discussion and analysis and introduces the reader to important research regulations and guidelines. Now in its second edition, this book synthesizes the diverse talents and experiences. This second edition of this book includes new chapters and cases and has been brought up to date on the latest issues and problems in research ethics.
Christopher Tyerman
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198227960
- eISBN:
- 9780191678776
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198227960.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, British and Irish Modern History
Harrow School is the second most famous school in the English-speaking world. This book provides a modern history of the school, and, supported by a full academic apparatus of source references, it ...
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Harrow School is the second most famous school in the English-speaking world. This book provides a modern history of the school, and, supported by a full academic apparatus of source references, it confronts the school's failings as well as its successes; its financial, educational, and sexual scandals as openly as its well-publicized eminence as the school of Byron, Churchill (and six other British prime ministers), and Nehru.Less
Harrow School is the second most famous school in the English-speaking world. This book provides a modern history of the school, and, supported by a full academic apparatus of source references, it confronts the school's failings as well as its successes; its financial, educational, and sexual scandals as openly as its well-publicized eminence as the school of Byron, Churchill (and six other British prime ministers), and Nehru.
Robert Wyatt and John Andrew Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195327113
- eISBN:
- 9780199851249
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327113.003.0010
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
This chapter presents the text of George Gershwin's letter to his brother Ira dated February 18, 1923. This letter was written the day after Gershwin's arrival in London, England, to begin work on ...
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This chapter presents the text of George Gershwin's letter to his brother Ira dated February 18, 1923. This letter was written the day after Gershwin's arrival in London, England, to begin work on The Rainbow. Gershwin was excited about his new-found fame and anxious about his prospects during this first trip abroad. In this letter, Gershwin also told Ira about the time allotted to him in writing the George White's Scandals and another composition titled Look for the Silver Linings.Less
This chapter presents the text of George Gershwin's letter to his brother Ira dated February 18, 1923. This letter was written the day after Gershwin's arrival in London, England, to begin work on The Rainbow. Gershwin was excited about his new-found fame and anxious about his prospects during this first trip abroad. In this letter, Gershwin also told Ira about the time allotted to him in writing the George White's Scandals and another composition titled Look for the Silver Linings.
Linda L. Fowler
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151618
- eISBN:
- 9781400866465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151618.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines partisan calculations about party reputations as influences on routine and event-driven public hearings, using the classic typology of police patrols and fire alarms. It ...
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This chapter examines partisan calculations about party reputations as influences on routine and event-driven public hearings, using the classic typology of police patrols and fire alarms. It considers committee choices regarding the content of national security oversight hearings by comparing routine inquiries to reviews of major crises and scandals. The chapter uses the unique characteristics of fine-grained coding of hearings to develop measures for police patrol and fire alarm oversight of national security. It also discusses expectations about committee behavior as well as the distribution of patrols and alarms for the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations committees, particularly as they relate to changes in military casualties from 1947 to 2008. Finally, it explores crisis oversight as a form of committee review that is particularly important to democratic accountability.Less
This chapter examines partisan calculations about party reputations as influences on routine and event-driven public hearings, using the classic typology of police patrols and fire alarms. It considers committee choices regarding the content of national security oversight hearings by comparing routine inquiries to reviews of major crises and scandals. The chapter uses the unique characteristics of fine-grained coding of hearings to develop measures for police patrol and fire alarm oversight of national security. It also discusses expectations about committee behavior as well as the distribution of patrols and alarms for the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations committees, particularly as they relate to changes in military casualties from 1947 to 2008. Finally, it explores crisis oversight as a form of committee review that is particularly important to democratic accountability.
Linda Radzik
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195373660
- eISBN:
- 9780199871971
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373660.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Can the reconciliation theory of atonement be applied to cases of group wrongdoing, including instances of historical injustice? Reconciliation is surely valuable in cases like these. Communities ...
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Can the reconciliation theory of atonement be applied to cases of group wrongdoing, including instances of historical injustice? Reconciliation is surely valuable in cases like these. Communities that have been ripped apart by ethnic violence, scandal, or political oppression need healing and a restoration of trust. But can we defend the claims of responsibility that seem to be necessary in order to attribute to groups an obligation to atone? This chapter argues that the reconciliation theory of atonement coheres with attributions of collective responsibility in a way that lends credibility to both views. This chapter returns to the case of the Magdalen asylums of Ireland and views it as a case of institutional abuse that calls for group atonement by the Roman Catholic Church. The role of both apology and reparations is discussed.Less
Can the reconciliation theory of atonement be applied to cases of group wrongdoing, including instances of historical injustice? Reconciliation is surely valuable in cases like these. Communities that have been ripped apart by ethnic violence, scandal, or political oppression need healing and a restoration of trust. But can we defend the claims of responsibility that seem to be necessary in order to attribute to groups an obligation to atone? This chapter argues that the reconciliation theory of atonement coheres with attributions of collective responsibility in a way that lends credibility to both views. This chapter returns to the case of the Magdalen asylums of Ireland and views it as a case of institutional abuse that calls for group atonement by the Roman Catholic Church. The role of both apology and reparations is discussed.
Charles K. Bellinger
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195134988
- eISBN:
- 9780199833986
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195134982.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Rene Girard's concept that human psychology begins with a sense of lack or personal deficiency is compared with Kierkegaard's notion of the incompleteness of the self. Mimetic desire, as it is ...
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Rene Girard's concept that human psychology begins with a sense of lack or personal deficiency is compared with Kierkegaard's notion of the incompleteness of the self. Mimetic desire, as it is described by Girard, is a phenomenon that Kierkegaard was keenly aware of. Both authors show that mimetic desire leads to a situation captured by the phrase ”the crowd is untruth.” Immature persons, in a state of spiritual cowardice, take offense at God and are scandalized by the possibility of self‐knowledge; they hide in the crowd. The synthesis of Kierkegaard and Girard produces a very powerful Christian interpretation of the psychology of violence.Less
Rene Girard's concept that human psychology begins with a sense of lack or personal deficiency is compared with Kierkegaard's notion of the incompleteness of the self. Mimetic desire, as it is described by Girard, is a phenomenon that Kierkegaard was keenly aware of. Both authors show that mimetic desire leads to a situation captured by the phrase ”the crowd is untruth.” Immature persons, in a state of spiritual cowardice, take offense at God and are scandalized by the possibility of self‐knowledge; they hide in the crowd. The synthesis of Kierkegaard and Girard produces a very powerful Christian interpretation of the psychology of violence.
Charles R. Geisst
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195130867
- eISBN:
- 9780199871155
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195130863.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History, Financial Economics
A history of Wall Street beginning in 1791 and ending in the present, the book traces the development of the major financial markets from the New York Stock Exchange's origins in the outdoor curb ...
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A history of Wall Street beginning in 1791 and ending in the present, the book traces the development of the major financial markets from the New York Stock Exchange's origins in the outdoor curb market through developments in the 1990s. The history is divided into four main periods – 1791 through the Civil War, the Civil War to 1929, 1929 to 1954, and the late 1950s to the present. In each period, the book traces the development of Wall Street by examining how it issued new securities and traded existing ones on the exchanges. It also examines the role of major personalities such as Jay Gould, J. P. Morgan, and Michael Milken in new developments in finance. A major area of focus is the securities and banking laws initiated in the 1930s and their impact upon the Street's future role in raising and trading securities. Also discussed are the major milestone deals in each period and how they affected future trends. The major theme throughout is the often uneasy relationship between Wall Street and Washington, especially during the 1930s and again in the 1990s when several major scandals erupted.Less
A history of Wall Street beginning in 1791 and ending in the present, the book traces the development of the major financial markets from the New York Stock Exchange's origins in the outdoor curb market through developments in the 1990s. The history is divided into four main periods – 1791 through the Civil War, the Civil War to 1929, 1929 to 1954, and the late 1950s to the present. In each period, the book traces the development of Wall Street by examining how it issued new securities and traded existing ones on the exchanges. It also examines the role of major personalities such as Jay Gould, J. P. Morgan, and Michael Milken in new developments in finance. A major area of focus is the securities and banking laws initiated in the 1930s and their impact upon the Street's future role in raising and trading securities. Also discussed are the major milestone deals in each period and how they affected future trends. The major theme throughout is the often uneasy relationship between Wall Street and Washington, especially during the 1930s and again in the 1990s when several major scandals erupted.
Julian E. Zelizer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150734
- eISBN:
- 9781400841899
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150734.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter examines how antecedent political events created a window of opportunity for campaign finance reformers during the period 1956–1974, including a series of scandals such as Watergate. In ...
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This chapter examines how antecedent political events created a window of opportunity for campaign finance reformers during the period 1956–1974, including a series of scandals such as Watergate. In the 1960s, campaign finance reform emerged from a reform coalition composed of legislators, experts, philanthropists, foundations, and public interest groups. The coalition succeeded in placing campaign finance reform on the national agenda even without widespread public interest or support. It left intact most of the underlying pressures on campaign finance. For example, they did not tackle the declining importance of political parties, leaving high-cost television as the principal medium of political communication. The chapter highlights the tensions that arose over campaign finance that reached a boiling point when President Richard Nixon began his second term in office.Less
This chapter examines how antecedent political events created a window of opportunity for campaign finance reformers during the period 1956–1974, including a series of scandals such as Watergate. In the 1960s, campaign finance reform emerged from a reform coalition composed of legislators, experts, philanthropists, foundations, and public interest groups. The coalition succeeded in placing campaign finance reform on the national agenda even without widespread public interest or support. It left intact most of the underlying pressures on campaign finance. For example, they did not tackle the declining importance of political parties, leaving high-cost television as the principal medium of political communication. The chapter highlights the tensions that arose over campaign finance that reached a boiling point when President Richard Nixon began his second term in office.
Julian E. Zelizer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150734
- eISBN:
- 9781400841899
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150734.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter examines the origins of congressional reform in the 1970s and how the struggle over institutional reform during the period presents historians an excellent opportunity to reconceptualize ...
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This chapter examines the origins of congressional reform in the 1970s and how the struggle over institutional reform during the period presents historians an excellent opportunity to reconceptualize the way in which we study Congress. It considers three forces outside Congress in the 1960s that established a strong foundation for congressional reform in the 1970s: the Supreme Court and voters, the news media and its coverage of congressional scandals, and the political discourse about institutional reform. It shows that electoral reform, changing media coverage on congressional scandal, and the discourse about institutional reform converged to establish a strong foundation for reform in the next decade by focusing new attention on how Congress operated, who ran Congress, and how Congress fit within the larger needs of the nation's political system.Less
This chapter examines the origins of congressional reform in the 1970s and how the struggle over institutional reform during the period presents historians an excellent opportunity to reconceptualize the way in which we study Congress. It considers three forces outside Congress in the 1960s that established a strong foundation for congressional reform in the 1970s: the Supreme Court and voters, the news media and its coverage of congressional scandals, and the political discourse about institutional reform. It shows that electoral reform, changing media coverage on congressional scandal, and the discourse about institutional reform converged to establish a strong foundation for reform in the next decade by focusing new attention on how Congress operated, who ran Congress, and how Congress fit within the larger needs of the nation's political system.
