Alessio Corti
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198570615
- eISBN:
- 9780191717703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198570615.003.0002
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Geometry / Topology
This chapter gives a concise, complete, and pedagogical proof of existence of 3-fold flips according to Shokurov. In particular, the foundation of the theory of b-divisors, algebras of rational ...
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This chapter gives a concise, complete, and pedagogical proof of existence of 3-fold flips according to Shokurov. In particular, the foundation of the theory of b-divisors, algebras of rational functions, and Shokurov's asymptotic saturation property are developed systematically from first principles.Less
This chapter gives a concise, complete, and pedagogical proof of existence of 3-fold flips according to Shokurov. In particular, the foundation of the theory of b-divisors, algebras of rational functions, and Shokurov's asymptotic saturation property are developed systematically from first principles.
Idan Landau
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199544325
- eISBN:
- 9780191720536
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199544325.003.0010
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
Evaluative adjectives (e.g. rude, clever) display a systematic alternation, which brings about a cluster of syntactic and semantic changes. The adjectival variants are related by the joint ...
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Evaluative adjectives (e.g. rude, clever) display a systematic alternation, which brings about a cluster of syntactic and semantic changes. The adjectival variants are related by the joint application of two operators: A lexical saturation operator (also seen in verbal passive) and a syntactic reification operator (also seen in nominalization).Less
Evaluative adjectives (e.g. rude, clever) display a systematic alternation, which brings about a cluster of syntactic and semantic changes. The adjectival variants are related by the joint application of two operators: A lexical saturation operator (also seen in verbal passive) and a syntactic reification operator (also seen in nominalization).
Roman Kossak and James H. Schmerl
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198568278
- eISBN:
- 9780191718199
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198568278.003.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Logic / Computer Science / Mathematical Philosophy
This introductory chapter covers a wide range of topics, from basic notational conventions and coding in arithmetic to important classical results. The well-known theorems, such as Gaifman's ...
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This introductory chapter covers a wide range of topics, from basic notational conventions and coding in arithmetic to important classical results. The well-known theorems, such as Gaifman's splitting theorem, Arithmetized Completeness Theorem, or Friedman's Embedding Theorem are discussed without proofs. Proofs are given for less known facts, like Blass-Gaifman and Ehrenfeucht lemmas. The chapter also presents a systematic introduction to recursively and arithmetically saturated models, resplendent models, and satisfaction classes.Less
This introductory chapter covers a wide range of topics, from basic notational conventions and coding in arithmetic to important classical results. The well-known theorems, such as Gaifman's splitting theorem, Arithmetized Completeness Theorem, or Friedman's Embedding Theorem are discussed without proofs. Proofs are given for less known facts, like Blass-Gaifman and Ehrenfeucht lemmas. The chapter also presents a systematic introduction to recursively and arithmetically saturated models, resplendent models, and satisfaction classes.
Stephen Handel
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195169645
- eISBN:
- 9780199786732
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195169645.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
One fundamental problem for the auditory and visual systems is that the range of external energy is far greater than the firing range of individual neurons. To minimize response saturation, both ...
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One fundamental problem for the auditory and visual systems is that the range of external energy is far greater than the firing range of individual neurons. To minimize response saturation, both systems have evolved gain control mechanisms based on multiplicative and subtractive adaptation. Weber's ratio demonstrates the invariance of discrimination across energy levels. The second fundamental problem is to overcome the external and internal noise that disrupts perception. Perceptual efficiency refers to the ability to identify objects in the presence of such noise based on matched filter models. Profile analysis and comodulation release demonstrate that performance is based on the distribution of noise across the spectrum and not merely noise surrounding the stimulus.Less
One fundamental problem for the auditory and visual systems is that the range of external energy is far greater than the firing range of individual neurons. To minimize response saturation, both systems have evolved gain control mechanisms based on multiplicative and subtractive adaptation. Weber's ratio demonstrates the invariance of discrimination across energy levels. The second fundamental problem is to overcome the external and internal noise that disrupts perception. Perceptual efficiency refers to the ability to identify objects in the presence of such noise based on matched filter models. Profile analysis and comodulation release demonstrate that performance is based on the distribution of noise across the spectrum and not merely noise surrounding the stimulus.
François Recanati
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199226993
- eISBN:
- 9780191710223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226993.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language, General
Some adjectives are said to be relative, that is, dependent for their interpretation upon the noun they modify, and others not. Likewise, some adjectives are said to be intersective, and others (e.g. ...
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Some adjectives are said to be relative, that is, dependent for their interpretation upon the noun they modify, and others not. Likewise, some adjectives are said to be intersective, and others (e.g. relative and privative adjectives) not. This chapter argues that in both cases the contrast is ill-founded. All adjectives, insofar as they can go in predicative position, are intersective, and they are all relative. The apparent lack of intersectivity of certain (predicative) adjectives is shown to be an illusion due to contextual variations in sense, some of which are traceable to ‘saturation’ and others to ‘modulation’ (two kinds of contextual processes at work in the interpretation of linguistic forms). Special attention is given to colour adjectives and to gradable adjectives.Less
Some adjectives are said to be relative, that is, dependent for their interpretation upon the noun they modify, and others not. Likewise, some adjectives are said to be intersective, and others (e.g. relative and privative adjectives) not. This chapter argues that in both cases the contrast is ill-founded. All adjectives, insofar as they can go in predicative position, are intersective, and they are all relative. The apparent lack of intersectivity of certain (predicative) adjectives is shown to be an illusion due to contextual variations in sense, some of which are traceable to ‘saturation’ and others to ‘modulation’ (two kinds of contextual processes at work in the interpretation of linguistic forms). Special attention is given to colour adjectives and to gradable adjectives.
V.F. Gantmakher
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198567561
- eISBN:
- 9780191718267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567561.003.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
The chapter clarifies the limits where the standard metal physics fails for metals with high electron density. This is the Ioffe-Regel limit where the mean free path becomes comparable to the ...
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The chapter clarifies the limits where the standard metal physics fails for metals with high electron density. This is the Ioffe-Regel limit where the mean free path becomes comparable to the interatomic distance and the electron diffusion is hampered. Here, even the diffraction theory of electron transport in liquid metals fails, and empirical Mooji rule and saturation of resistivity with increase of the temperature work instead. The experiment shows that neither an increase in the static or dynamic disorder nor their joint effect can ensure electron localization and transformation of a metal with high electron density into insulator.Less
The chapter clarifies the limits where the standard metal physics fails for metals with high electron density. This is the Ioffe-Regel limit where the mean free path becomes comparable to the interatomic distance and the electron diffusion is hampered. Here, even the diffraction theory of electron transport in liquid metals fails, and empirical Mooji rule and saturation of resistivity with increase of the temperature work instead. The experiment shows that neither an increase in the static or dynamic disorder nor their joint effect can ensure electron localization and transformation of a metal with high electron density into insulator.
S. D. Ganichev and W. Prettl
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528302
- eISBN:
- 9780191713637
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528302.003.0005
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter discusses terahertz radiation-induced saturation of absorption, including incoherent and coherent saturation effects. Saturation due to slow relaxation and Rabi oscillations in various ...
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This chapter discusses terahertz radiation-induced saturation of absorption, including incoherent and coherent saturation effects. Saturation due to slow relaxation and Rabi oscillations in various bulk and low-dimension semiconductors is discussed from theoretical and experimental perspectives. It is shown that THz saturation experiments provide a powerful method for studying the kinetics and the details of the relaxation processes in bulk and low dimensional materials. In particular, spin relaxation times in low dimensional systems at monopolar spin orientation become experimentally accessible, which are of interest for the current topic of spintronics.Less
This chapter discusses terahertz radiation-induced saturation of absorption, including incoherent and coherent saturation effects. Saturation due to slow relaxation and Rabi oscillations in various bulk and low-dimension semiconductors is discussed from theoretical and experimental perspectives. It is shown that THz saturation experiments provide a powerful method for studying the kinetics and the details of the relaxation processes in bulk and low dimensional materials. In particular, spin relaxation times in low dimensional systems at monopolar spin orientation become experimentally accessible, which are of interest for the current topic of spintronics.
Alan Corney
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199211456
- eISBN:
- 9780191705915
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211456.003.0013
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
This chapter derives expressions for the gain required to achieve optical oscillation in a cavity with known losses. The effect of stimulated transitions on the inversion density is considered. Gain ...
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This chapter derives expressions for the gain required to achieve optical oscillation in a cavity with known losses. The effect of stimulated transitions on the inversion density is considered. Gain saturation in homogeneous and homogeneously broadened transitions, the Lamb dip, saturated absorption spectroscopy, frequency stabilization of gas lasers, and measurements of the velocity of light are discussed.Less
This chapter derives expressions for the gain required to achieve optical oscillation in a cavity with known losses. The effect of stimulated transitions on the inversion density is considered. Gain saturation in homogeneous and homogeneously broadened transitions, the Lamb dip, saturated absorption spectroscopy, frequency stabilization of gas lasers, and measurements of the velocity of light are discussed.
Alfred Maizels, Robert Bacon, and George Mavrotas
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198233381
- eISBN:
- 9780191678981
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198233381.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The forms of tea consumption have undergone a number of gradual changes since the end of World War II as the demand for instant tea has grown. As such, the amount of tea needed to produce a given ...
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The forms of tea consumption have undergone a number of gradual changes since the end of World War II as the demand for instant tea has grown. As such, the amount of tea needed to produce a given quantity of the beverage has declined. Tea consumption is essential determined by real income, the real retail price of tea, and the price of tea relative to its substitutes. Also, particularly in Asia's large consuming countries, population size may also prove to have a significant impact. The per capita demand equations' functional form is expected to demonstrate saturation effects and high tea consumption levels. This chapter first presents the important findings of a number of previous studies, it then concentrates mainly on the major consumers of tea.Less
The forms of tea consumption have undergone a number of gradual changes since the end of World War II as the demand for instant tea has grown. As such, the amount of tea needed to produce a given quantity of the beverage has declined. Tea consumption is essential determined by real income, the real retail price of tea, and the price of tea relative to its substitutes. Also, particularly in Asia's large consuming countries, population size may also prove to have a significant impact. The per capita demand equations' functional form is expected to demonstrate saturation effects and high tea consumption levels. This chapter first presents the important findings of a number of previous studies, it then concentrates mainly on the major consumers of tea.
Stephen C. Rand
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199574872
- eISBN:
- 9780191722219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574872.003.0005
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
Chapter 5 begins the systematic application of the density matrix to describe optical interactions. First, stationary two‐ and three‐level atoms interacting with a traveling wave are compared to show ...
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Chapter 5 begins the systematic application of the density matrix to describe optical interactions. First, stationary two‐ and three‐level atoms interacting with a traveling wave are compared to show that the presence of additional levels changes the saturation behavior of atoms. Then motion of the atoms is introduced and the phenomena of spatial and frequency‐domain hole‐burning are analyzed. Special effects due to standing waves, such as the light shift are covered in this section. Next, tri‐level coherence is considered, to extend the concept of coherences to two‐photon transitions or Zeeman interactions in folded Λ‐ or V‐systems. Higher (third‐)order interactions are also analyzed. This includes four‐wave mixing and pump‐probe spectroscopy which form the basis of common nonlinear laser spectrocopies. The chapter closes by pointing out that higher order coherent interactions, which can sometimes be important if they are deliberately phase‐matched, are best treated using a diagrammatic calculational technique based on Feynman diagrams.Less
Chapter 5 begins the systematic application of the density matrix to describe optical interactions. First, stationary two‐ and three‐level atoms interacting with a traveling wave are compared to show that the presence of additional levels changes the saturation behavior of atoms. Then motion of the atoms is introduced and the phenomena of spatial and frequency‐domain hole‐burning are analyzed. Special effects due to standing waves, such as the light shift are covered in this section. Next, tri‐level coherence is considered, to extend the concept of coherences to two‐photon transitions or Zeeman interactions in folded Λ‐ or V‐systems. Higher (third‐)order interactions are also analyzed. This includes four‐wave mixing and pump‐probe spectroscopy which form the basis of common nonlinear laser spectrocopies. The chapter closes by pointing out that higher order coherent interactions, which can sometimes be important if they are deliberately phase‐matched, are best treated using a diagrammatic calculational technique based on Feynman diagrams.
Søren Johansen and Bent Nielsen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199237197
- eISBN:
- 9780191717314
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199237197.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
This chapter analyzes an algorithm suggested by Hendry (1999) for estimation in a regression with more regressors than observations, with the purpose of finding an estimator that is robust to ...
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This chapter analyzes an algorithm suggested by Hendry (1999) for estimation in a regression with more regressors than observations, with the purpose of finding an estimator that is robust to outliers and structural breaks. This estimator is an example of a one-step M-estimator based on Huber's skip function. The asymptotic theory is derived in the situation where there are no outliers or structural breaks using empirical process techniques. Stationary processes, trend stationary autoregressions, and unit root processes are considered.Less
This chapter analyzes an algorithm suggested by Hendry (1999) for estimation in a regression with more regressors than observations, with the purpose of finding an estimator that is robust to outliers and structural breaks. This estimator is an example of a one-step M-estimator based on Huber's skip function. The asymptotic theory is derived in the situation where there are no outliers or structural breaks using empirical process techniques. Stationary processes, trend stationary autoregressions, and unit root processes are considered.
Luca Zaccarian and Andrew R. Teel
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147321
- eISBN:
- 9781400839025
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147321.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
This book provides a wide variety of state-space-based numerical algorithms for the synthesis of feedback algorithms for linear systems with input saturation. Specifically, it addresses and solves ...
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This book provides a wide variety of state-space-based numerical algorithms for the synthesis of feedback algorithms for linear systems with input saturation. Specifically, it addresses and solves the anti-windup problem, presenting the objectives and terminology of the problem, the mathematical tools behind anti-windup algorithms, and more than twenty algorithms for anti-windup synthesis, illustrated with examples. The book's modern method—combining a state-space approach with algorithms generated by solving linear matrix inequalities—treats MIMO and SISO systems with equal ease. The book, aimed at control engineers as well as graduate students, ranges from very simple anti-windup construction to sophisticated anti-windup algorithms for nonlinear systems.Less
This book provides a wide variety of state-space-based numerical algorithms for the synthesis of feedback algorithms for linear systems with input saturation. Specifically, it addresses and solves the anti-windup problem, presenting the objectives and terminology of the problem, the mathematical tools behind anti-windup algorithms, and more than twenty algorithms for anti-windup synthesis, illustrated with examples. The book's modern method—combining a state-space approach with algorithms generated by solving linear matrix inequalities—treats MIMO and SISO systems with equal ease. The book, aimed at control engineers as well as graduate students, ranges from very simple anti-windup construction to sophisticated anti-windup algorithms for nonlinear systems.
Geoffrey E. Hill
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195148480
- eISBN:
- 9780199893683
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195148480.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter contrasts the tri-stimulus visual system of humans, based on three visual cones, with the tetra-stimulus visual system of birds, based on four visual cones. A key difference between the ...
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This chapter contrasts the tri-stimulus visual system of humans, based on three visual cones, with the tetra-stimulus visual system of birds, based on four visual cones. A key difference between the vision of humans and birds is that birds see ultraviolet light that is invisible to humans. Methods for quantifying plumage color are discussed in addition to methods for scoring the extent of color (patch size) and pigment symmetry.Less
This chapter contrasts the tri-stimulus visual system of humans, based on three visual cones, with the tetra-stimulus visual system of birds, based on four visual cones. A key difference between the vision of humans and birds is that birds see ultraviolet light that is invisible to humans. Methods for quantifying plumage color are discussed in addition to methods for scoring the extent of color (patch size) and pigment symmetry.
Victor M. Ustinov, Alexey E. Zhukov, Anton Yu. Egorov, and Nikolai A. Maleev
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198526797
- eISBN:
- 9780191712081
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526797.003.0004
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
This chapter discusses the peculiar properties of lasers based on self-organized quantum dot arrays. A correlation between density of states, saturated gain and transparency current is discussed ...
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This chapter discusses the peculiar properties of lasers based on self-organized quantum dot arrays. A correlation between density of states, saturated gain and transparency current is discussed taking into account inhomogeneous broadening and higher-energy states. Ground-to-excited state lasing transition, which is observed in QD lasers, is explained. Empirical and analytical expressions are considered, which are capable of describing gain-current relation in self-organized QD lasers in the presence of wetting layer, matrix, and excited quantum dot states. A method to prevent gain saturation by multiple stacking of quantum dots is described in connection with the effect of the QD surface density on the threshold current. The effect of temperature on the gain and threshold characteristics is also discussed in realistic QD lasers.Less
This chapter discusses the peculiar properties of lasers based on self-organized quantum dot arrays. A correlation between density of states, saturated gain and transparency current is discussed taking into account inhomogeneous broadening and higher-energy states. Ground-to-excited state lasing transition, which is observed in QD lasers, is explained. Empirical and analytical expressions are considered, which are capable of describing gain-current relation in self-organized QD lasers in the presence of wetting layer, matrix, and excited quantum dot states. A method to prevent gain saturation by multiple stacking of quantum dots is described in connection with the effect of the QD surface density on the threshold current. The effect of temperature on the gain and threshold characteristics is also discussed in realistic QD lasers.
Theodore Sider
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199697908
- eISBN:
- 9780191732096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199697908.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
The concept of structure helps clarify what is at stake in the notoriously obscure debate over whether time passes. One issue ‐ that of presentism ‐ is ontological, and thus is a substantive one ...
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The concept of structure helps clarify what is at stake in the notoriously obscure debate over whether time passes. One issue ‐ that of presentism ‐ is ontological, and thus is a substantive one given ontological realism. But a further issue is that of which temporal notions carve at the joints: defenders of time’s passage say that tense operators, rather than temporal predicates, carve at the joints. Further, defenders of time’s passage make distinctive claims about which statements are “saturated” ‐ have all their parameters “filled in”, as Timothy Williamson puts it. In fact, different versions of the doctrine of time’s passage may be distinguished by their different claims about which statements are saturated.Less
The concept of structure helps clarify what is at stake in the notoriously obscure debate over whether time passes. One issue ‐ that of presentism ‐ is ontological, and thus is a substantive one given ontological realism. But a further issue is that of which temporal notions carve at the joints: defenders of time’s passage say that tense operators, rather than temporal predicates, carve at the joints. Further, defenders of time’s passage make distinctive claims about which statements are “saturated” ‐ have all their parameters “filled in”, as Timothy Williamson puts it. In fact, different versions of the doctrine of time’s passage may be distinguished by their different claims about which statements are saturated.
Luciano Floridi
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199232383
- eISBN:
- 9780191594809
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232383.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General, Logic/Philosophy of Mathematics
The chapter develops a correctness theory of truth (CTT) for semantic information to explain how well-formed and meaningful data may become truthful. After the introduction, Section 8.2 defends the ...
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The chapter develops a correctness theory of truth (CTT) for semantic information to explain how well-formed and meaningful data may become truthful. After the introduction, Section 8.2 defends the possibility of translating semantic information propositionally (i). In Section 8.3, i is polarized into a query (Q) and a result (R). In Section 8.4, [Q+R] is transformed into a Boolean question and its relative yes/no answer [Q+A]. In Sections 8.5 and 8.6, it is argued that (1) A is the correct answer to Q if and only if (2) A correctly saturates Q by verifying and validating it; that (2) if and only if (3) [Q+A] generates an adequate model (m) of the relevant system (s) identified by Q; that (3) if and only if (4) m is a proxy of s and (5) proximal access to m commutes with the distal access to s; and that (5) if and only if (6) reading/writing m enables one to read/write s. Section 8.7 discusses CTT in connection with the semantic paradoxes. The final section draws a general conclusion about CTT.Less
The chapter develops a correctness theory of truth (CTT) for semantic information to explain how well-formed and meaningful data may become truthful. After the introduction, Section 8.2 defends the possibility of translating semantic information propositionally (i). In Section 8.3, i is polarized into a query (Q) and a result (R). In Section 8.4, [Q+R] is transformed into a Boolean question and its relative yes/no answer [Q+A]. In Sections 8.5 and 8.6, it is argued that (1) A is the correct answer to Q if and only if (2) A correctly saturates Q by verifying and validating it; that (2) if and only if (3) [Q+A] generates an adequate model (m) of the relevant system (s) identified by Q; that (3) if and only if (4) m is a proxy of s and (5) proximal access to m commutes with the distal access to s; and that (5) if and only if (6) reading/writing m enables one to read/write s. Section 8.7 discusses CTT in connection with the semantic paradoxes. The final section draws a general conclusion about CTT.
Kathleen Gerson and Sarah Damaske
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780199324286
- eISBN:
- 9780197533857
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199324286.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics, Methodology and Statistics
Qualitative interviewing is one of the most widely used methods in social research, but it is arguably the least well understood. To address that gap, this book offers a theoretically rigorous, ...
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Qualitative interviewing is one of the most widely used methods in social research, but it is arguably the least well understood. To address that gap, this book offers a theoretically rigorous, empirically rich, and user-friendly set of strategies for conceiving and conducting interview-based research. Much more than a how-to manual, the book shows why depth interviewing is an indispensable method for discovering and explaining the social world—shedding light on the hidden patterns and dynamics that take place within institutions, social contexts, relationships, and individual experiences. It offers a step-by-step guide through every stage in the research process, from initially formulating a question to developing arguments and presenting the results. To do this, the book shows how to develop a research question, decide on and find an appropriate sample, construct an interview guide, conduct probing and theoretically focused interviews, and systematically analyze the complex material that depth interviews provide—all in the service of finding and presenting important new empirical discoveries and theoretical insights. The book also lays out the ever-present but rarely discussed challenges that interviewers routinely encounter and then presents grounded, thoughtful ways to respond to them. By addressing the most heated debates about the scientific status of qualitative methods, the book demonstrates how depth interviewing makes unique and essential contributions to the research enterprise. With an emphasis on the integral relationship between carefully crafted research and theory building, the book offers a compelling vision for what the “interviewing imagination” can and should be.Less
Qualitative interviewing is one of the most widely used methods in social research, but it is arguably the least well understood. To address that gap, this book offers a theoretically rigorous, empirically rich, and user-friendly set of strategies for conceiving and conducting interview-based research. Much more than a how-to manual, the book shows why depth interviewing is an indispensable method for discovering and explaining the social world—shedding light on the hidden patterns and dynamics that take place within institutions, social contexts, relationships, and individual experiences. It offers a step-by-step guide through every stage in the research process, from initially formulating a question to developing arguments and presenting the results. To do this, the book shows how to develop a research question, decide on and find an appropriate sample, construct an interview guide, conduct probing and theoretically focused interviews, and systematically analyze the complex material that depth interviews provide—all in the service of finding and presenting important new empirical discoveries and theoretical insights. The book also lays out the ever-present but rarely discussed challenges that interviewers routinely encounter and then presents grounded, thoughtful ways to respond to them. By addressing the most heated debates about the scientific status of qualitative methods, the book demonstrates how depth interviewing makes unique and essential contributions to the research enterprise. With an emphasis on the integral relationship between carefully crafted research and theory building, the book offers a compelling vision for what the “interviewing imagination” can and should be.
Andrew S. Finstuen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807833360
- eISBN:
- 9781469604572
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807898536_finstuen.10
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
This chapter describes an exceptionally moving letter received by Paul Tillich from a World War II veteran who had recently read “You Are Accepted,” Tillich's most famous sermon. In his two-page ...
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This chapter describes an exceptionally moving letter received by Paul Tillich from a World War II veteran who had recently read “You Are Accepted,” Tillich's most famous sermon. In his two-page typewritten letter, this former airman reported that just a few days before reading the sermon, he had crumpled under the “weight of guilt and shame and embarrassment” that arose from his memory of “the forgotten graves of the past.” The graves, he revealed, were those of the victims of the saturation firebombings of Japan in 1945. For twenty years, this veteran had carried the burden of his participation in those air raids, and as the images of war flooded back into his consciousness, he framed the experience in terms of his deep personal conviction of sin: “I felt, I knew in my bones, that I was capable of murder, cowardice, hardness of heart—in short, that I am a sinner. I am a sinner; my sins, my capability for evil is not some extraneous blemish—it is bone of my bone and marrow of my marrow.”Less
This chapter describes an exceptionally moving letter received by Paul Tillich from a World War II veteran who had recently read “You Are Accepted,” Tillich's most famous sermon. In his two-page typewritten letter, this former airman reported that just a few days before reading the sermon, he had crumpled under the “weight of guilt and shame and embarrassment” that arose from his memory of “the forgotten graves of the past.” The graves, he revealed, were those of the victims of the saturation firebombings of Japan in 1945. For twenty years, this veteran had carried the burden of his participation in those air raids, and as the images of war flooded back into his consciousness, he framed the experience in terms of his deep personal conviction of sin: “I felt, I knew in my bones, that I was capable of murder, cowardice, hardness of heart—in short, that I am a sinner. I am a sinner; my sins, my capability for evil is not some extraneous blemish—it is bone of my bone and marrow of my marrow.”
Lisa Wedeen
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226650579
- eISBN:
- 9780226650746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226650746.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Chapter two demonstrates the reliability and incompleteness of ideological reproduction by detailing how dramatic comedies operated ideologically among Syria’s citizenry under al-Asad’s emerging ...
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Chapter two demonstrates the reliability and incompleteness of ideological reproduction by detailing how dramatic comedies operated ideologically among Syria’s citizenry under al-Asad’s emerging market-oriented autocracy before the uprising. The chapter considers the work of Allayth Hajju, one of Syria’s best-known television directors, registering both the grim realities of the decade just past and the evident seductions of the neoliberal turn. At times uncannily prescient, at times poignantly bleak, Hajju’s comedy opens up alternatives to its own most conservative impulses, demonstrating the potency and unevenness of ideological saturation. Even his most biting comedy perpetuates an ideology of neoliberal autocracy, while also providing openings for an oppositional consciousness. Comedy expresses a struggle between desires for political reform and attachments to everyday conventions, as prefiguring solidarities in acts of disruption that are themselves ambiguous—and politically relevant for being so. Those solidarities congealed in the notably unambivalent humor of the uprising’s early days and have come to be refreshed in the open-ended, mini publics of the contemporary period. Monologues of young activists amid the devastation of 2016–2017 do more than suggest resilience; their capacities for mimicry, multiple registers of address, and embrace of uncertainty draw attention to future possibilities in past paths not taken.Less
Chapter two demonstrates the reliability and incompleteness of ideological reproduction by detailing how dramatic comedies operated ideologically among Syria’s citizenry under al-Asad’s emerging market-oriented autocracy before the uprising. The chapter considers the work of Allayth Hajju, one of Syria’s best-known television directors, registering both the grim realities of the decade just past and the evident seductions of the neoliberal turn. At times uncannily prescient, at times poignantly bleak, Hajju’s comedy opens up alternatives to its own most conservative impulses, demonstrating the potency and unevenness of ideological saturation. Even his most biting comedy perpetuates an ideology of neoliberal autocracy, while also providing openings for an oppositional consciousness. Comedy expresses a struggle between desires for political reform and attachments to everyday conventions, as prefiguring solidarities in acts of disruption that are themselves ambiguous—and politically relevant for being so. Those solidarities congealed in the notably unambivalent humor of the uprising’s early days and have come to be refreshed in the open-ended, mini publics of the contemporary period. Monologues of young activists amid the devastation of 2016–2017 do more than suggest resilience; their capacities for mimicry, multiple registers of address, and embrace of uncertainty draw attention to future possibilities in past paths not taken.
Luca Zaccarian and Andrew R. Teel
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147321
- eISBN:
- 9781400839025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147321.003.0003
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
This chapter describes the analysis and synthesis of feedback systems, with particular emphasis on quadratic functions and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). It first considers the analysis of ...
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This chapter describes the analysis and synthesis of feedback systems, with particular emphasis on quadratic functions and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). It first considers the analysis of feedback loops with saturation, with the goal of developing tools for verifying internal stability and quantifying L₂ external stability for the feedback interconnection of a linear system with a saturation nonlinearity. It then discusses quadratic functions and semidefinite matrices, along with the use of quadratic functions to analyze unconstrained feedback systems. It also demonstrates how the LMI feasibility and eigenvalue problems can be solved efficiently using modern numerical software packages. Furthermore, it looks at the global vs. regional analysis of unconstrained feedback systems. A few examples of nonlinear gain computation are provided to illustrate the use of the LMIs. The chapter concludes by explaining regional synthesis in feedback loops with saturation based on the LMIs.Less
This chapter describes the analysis and synthesis of feedback systems, with particular emphasis on quadratic functions and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). It first considers the analysis of feedback loops with saturation, with the goal of developing tools for verifying internal stability and quantifying L₂ external stability for the feedback interconnection of a linear system with a saturation nonlinearity. It then discusses quadratic functions and semidefinite matrices, along with the use of quadratic functions to analyze unconstrained feedback systems. It also demonstrates how the LMI feasibility and eigenvalue problems can be solved efficiently using modern numerical software packages. Furthermore, it looks at the global vs. regional analysis of unconstrained feedback systems. A few examples of nonlinear gain computation are provided to illustrate the use of the LMIs. The chapter concludes by explaining regional synthesis in feedback loops with saturation based on the LMIs.
