Henk Looijesteijn and Marco H. D. Van Leeuwen
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265314
- eISBN:
- 9780191760402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265314.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
The Dutch Republic had a broad range of means to establish an individual's identity, and a rudimentary ‘system’ of identity registration, essentially established at the local levels of town and ...
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The Dutch Republic had a broad range of means to establish an individual's identity, and a rudimentary ‘system’ of identity registration, essentially established at the local levels of town and parish. This chapter seeks to provide a description of the ways in which the Dutch established an individual's identity. The various registration methods covered almost the entire population of the Dutch Republic at some stage in their life, and it is argued that on balance identity registration in the Dutch Republic was fairly successful. The chapter contends that the degree to which identity was registered and monitored in the early modern era in the Netherlands, while certainly not wholly effective, is remarkable given the absence of a centralized state and the lack of a large bureaucracy.Less
The Dutch Republic had a broad range of means to establish an individual's identity, and a rudimentary ‘system’ of identity registration, essentially established at the local levels of town and parish. This chapter seeks to provide a description of the ways in which the Dutch established an individual's identity. The various registration methods covered almost the entire population of the Dutch Republic at some stage in their life, and it is argued that on balance identity registration in the Dutch Republic was fairly successful. The chapter contends that the degree to which identity was registered and monitored in the early modern era in the Netherlands, while certainly not wholly effective, is remarkable given the absence of a centralized state and the lack of a large bureaucracy.
Hiram Pérez
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479818655
- eISBN:
- 9781479846757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479818655.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gay and Lesbian Studies
This chapter returns to Herman Melville’s Billy Budd, Sailor: An Inside Narrative, acknowledging Eve Sedgwick’s designation of the novella as a foundational text for modern gay male identity. ...
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This chapter returns to Herman Melville’s Billy Budd, Sailor: An Inside Narrative, acknowledging Eve Sedgwick’s designation of the novella as a foundational text for modern gay male identity. Focusing on the neglected figure of the African sailor, the narrative’s original beautiful sailor, the chapter investigates how nostalgic fantasies about the savage or the primitive mediate same-sex desire in the novella. The chapter presents Billy Budd’s blond beauty as surrogacy for the African sailor, the original fetish of Melville’s narrative. Blondness figures in Billy Budd as a proxy for primitiveness. The chapter argues that the perpetual deferral of homosexual desire performed by the narrative and embodied in the figure of the sexually frustrated Claggart construct a model of autonomy for gay modernity in constituting its interiority—its “inside story” as it were, what Sedgwick will term the epistemological closet.Less
This chapter returns to Herman Melville’s Billy Budd, Sailor: An Inside Narrative, acknowledging Eve Sedgwick’s designation of the novella as a foundational text for modern gay male identity. Focusing on the neglected figure of the African sailor, the narrative’s original beautiful sailor, the chapter investigates how nostalgic fantasies about the savage or the primitive mediate same-sex desire in the novella. The chapter presents Billy Budd’s blond beauty as surrogacy for the African sailor, the original fetish of Melville’s narrative. Blondness figures in Billy Budd as a proxy for primitiveness. The chapter argues that the perpetual deferral of homosexual desire performed by the narrative and embodied in the figure of the sexually frustrated Claggart construct a model of autonomy for gay modernity in constituting its interiority—its “inside story” as it were, what Sedgwick will term the epistemological closet.
David Manning
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195182392
- eISBN:
- 9780199851485
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182392.003.0042
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
The art of the folk singer, like all true art, is essentially un-self-conscious—the artistic result is not openly sought, but comes, as it were, by accident. In the same way the sailor, with the ...
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The art of the folk singer, like all true art, is essentially un-self-conscious—the artistic result is not openly sought, but comes, as it were, by accident. In the same way the sailor, with the object of improving the quality of his work, has invented the “shanty,” and it is these that Dr Richard Runciman Terry now has collected into a book. Modern developments in machinery have destroyed the original purpose of the shanty, but like the tithe barn, the church, and the castle, they remain for the people as works of art, and it is as works of art, and that only, that one must now judge them. If they are merely of nautical or antiquarian interest, then their proper place is the library of the folklorist or the marine expert.Less
The art of the folk singer, like all true art, is essentially un-self-conscious—the artistic result is not openly sought, but comes, as it were, by accident. In the same way the sailor, with the object of improving the quality of his work, has invented the “shanty,” and it is these that Dr Richard Runciman Terry now has collected into a book. Modern developments in machinery have destroyed the original purpose of the shanty, but like the tithe barn, the church, and the castle, they remain for the people as works of art, and it is as works of art, and that only, that one must now judge them. If they are merely of nautical or antiquarian interest, then their proper place is the library of the folklorist or the marine expert.
Alastair Couper
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832391
- eISBN:
- 9780824869946
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832391.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This is the first comprehensive account of the maritime peoples of the Pacific Islands. It focuses on the sailors who led the exploration and settlement of the islands and New Zealand and their ...
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This is the first comprehensive account of the maritime peoples of the Pacific Islands. It focuses on the sailors who led the exploration and settlement of the islands and New Zealand and their seagoing descendants, providing new material and unique observations on traditional and commercial seafaring against the background of major periods in Pacific history. The book begins by detailing the traditions of sailors, a group whose way of life sets them apart. Pacific mariners face the challenges of an often harsh environment, endure separation from their families for months at a time, revere their vessels, and share a singular attitude to risk and death. Sections on the arrival of foreign exploring ships centuries later concentrate on relations between visiting sailors and maritime communities. The more intrusive influx of commercial trading and whaling ships brought new technology, weapons, and differences in the ethics of trade. The successes and failures of Polynesian chiefs who entered trading with European-type ships are recounted as neglected aspects of Pacific history. As foreign-owned commercial ships expanded in the region so did colonialism, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of sailors from metropolitan countries and a decrease in the employment of Pacific islanders on foreign ships. Eventually small-scale island entrepreneurs expanded interisland shipping, and in 1978 the regional Pacific Forum Line was created by newly independent states. This was welcomed as a symbolic return to indigenous Pacific ocean linkages. The book's final sections detail the life of the modern Pacific seafarer.Less
This is the first comprehensive account of the maritime peoples of the Pacific Islands. It focuses on the sailors who led the exploration and settlement of the islands and New Zealand and their seagoing descendants, providing new material and unique observations on traditional and commercial seafaring against the background of major periods in Pacific history. The book begins by detailing the traditions of sailors, a group whose way of life sets them apart. Pacific mariners face the challenges of an often harsh environment, endure separation from their families for months at a time, revere their vessels, and share a singular attitude to risk and death. Sections on the arrival of foreign exploring ships centuries later concentrate on relations between visiting sailors and maritime communities. The more intrusive influx of commercial trading and whaling ships brought new technology, weapons, and differences in the ethics of trade. The successes and failures of Polynesian chiefs who entered trading with European-type ships are recounted as neglected aspects of Pacific history. As foreign-owned commercial ships expanded in the region so did colonialism, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of sailors from metropolitan countries and a decrease in the employment of Pacific islanders on foreign ships. Eventually small-scale island entrepreneurs expanded interisland shipping, and in 1978 the regional Pacific Forum Line was created by newly independent states. This was welcomed as a symbolic return to indigenous Pacific ocean linkages. The book's final sections detail the life of the modern Pacific seafarer.
Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813035406
- eISBN:
- 9780813038377
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813035406.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
This chapter describes the admirable case of a sailor from Venice who was marooned on an island for two years, and of another Genoese marooned for eight years. It indicates how these two and other ...
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This chapter describes the admirable case of a sailor from Venice who was marooned on an island for two years, and of another Genoese marooned for eight years. It indicates how these two and other castaways came together on an island; and how finally only the Venetian and the Genoese remained; and how later God brought them out of that tribulation.Less
This chapter describes the admirable case of a sailor from Venice who was marooned on an island for two years, and of another Genoese marooned for eight years. It indicates how these two and other castaways came together on an island; and how finally only the Venetian and the Genoese remained; and how later God brought them out of that tribulation.
Mary K. Bercaw Edwards
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781800859654
- eISBN:
- 9781800852273
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781800859654.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
To what extent did the demands of shipboard life and work shape the identity of sailors? In what ways did the particular intersection of language and environment—man-made and natural—influence their ...
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To what extent did the demands of shipboard life and work shape the identity of sailors? In what ways did the particular intersection of language and environment—man-made and natural—influence their speech? How did the occupational and technical idiom of sailors influence their cognitive models of language and their use of language in general? This chapter is divided into six sections: sailors historically considered; sailor literacy; nautical terminology; slang, cursing, and swearing; sailors’ work songs; and sailor language in the works of James Fenimore Cooper. The chapter investigates who 19th-century sailors were and what defined them as seamen. It especially considers the central debate amongst historians over the exceptionalism of sailors. Were seafarers ennobled by constant contact with nature at its most sublime? Or were they simply laborers: “working men who got wet,” in David Alexander’s phrase? Were they a people set apart or ordinary people in often extraordinary conditions?Less
To what extent did the demands of shipboard life and work shape the identity of sailors? In what ways did the particular intersection of language and environment—man-made and natural—influence their speech? How did the occupational and technical idiom of sailors influence their cognitive models of language and their use of language in general? This chapter is divided into six sections: sailors historically considered; sailor literacy; nautical terminology; slang, cursing, and swearing; sailors’ work songs; and sailor language in the works of James Fenimore Cooper. The chapter investigates who 19th-century sailors were and what defined them as seamen. It especially considers the central debate amongst historians over the exceptionalism of sailors. Were seafarers ennobled by constant contact with nature at its most sublime? Or were they simply laborers: “working men who got wet,” in David Alexander’s phrase? Were they a people set apart or ordinary people in often extraordinary conditions?
Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813035406
- eISBN:
- 9780813038377
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813035406.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
This chapter's story is about a ship whose master was Captain San Juan Solórzano which departed the river-port of Santo Domingo. At midnight or a little later on the day in question the crew weighed ...
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This chapter's story is about a ship whose master was Captain San Juan Solórzano which departed the river-port of Santo Domingo. At midnight or a little later on the day in question the crew weighed anchor, and in bright moonlight with a nice land breeze the ship sailed up the coast for Spain about two or more hours before daybreak. A Basque sailor who saw that the ship was on a collision course with the rocks stationed himself in the prow with the idea of jumping to land at the moment of impact. The boat, as reported, was pushed on course for Spain, where it arrived safely. The Basque sailor returned by land to Santa Domingo, arriving after a day or two and the ship took his sea chest and clothing to Spain for him. God saved the ship in the manner described and willed that sailor to remain behind to testify to the miracle.Less
This chapter's story is about a ship whose master was Captain San Juan Solórzano which departed the river-port of Santo Domingo. At midnight or a little later on the day in question the crew weighed anchor, and in bright moonlight with a nice land breeze the ship sailed up the coast for Spain about two or more hours before daybreak. A Basque sailor who saw that the ship was on a collision course with the rocks stationed himself in the prow with the idea of jumping to land at the moment of impact. The boat, as reported, was pushed on course for Spain, where it arrived safely. The Basque sailor returned by land to Santa Domingo, arriving after a day or two and the ship took his sea chest and clothing to Spain for him. God saved the ship in the manner described and willed that sailor to remain behind to testify to the miracle.
Mary K. Bercaw Edwards
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781800859654
- eISBN:
- 9781800852273
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781800859654.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Throughout history, most people have encountered the language of sailors in ports. Such language, including nautical terminology, occupational lore, and the coterie speech that bound crews together, ...
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Throughout history, most people have encountered the language of sailors in ports. Such language, including nautical terminology, occupational lore, and the coterie speech that bound crews together, was a product of isolated shipborne communities at sea, but it was when sailors entered the liminal space of the port that the general public heard their speech. The language of sailors was often greeted with contempt and fear. The Boston Recorder warned in 1823 that when sailors are ashore, “Children can with difficulty enter the streets at all, without hearing the very dialect of hell.” Despite such condemnation, it was in the spoken world of sailor talk that Herman Melville, Joseph Conrad, and Jack London first became storytellers. They were all seafarers who transcribed their experiences at sea into stories, first told orally and then transformed into the written word. With their storytelling, they crossed the liminal space of the port and emerged as the great artists that they are. This book defines sailor talk, explores its inextricability from the labor of mariners, and investigates the orality of the shipboard world in which sailors worked. It then concentrates on the complex, multitudinous, and intertwining use of sailor talk in the works of Melville, Conrad, and London.Less
Throughout history, most people have encountered the language of sailors in ports. Such language, including nautical terminology, occupational lore, and the coterie speech that bound crews together, was a product of isolated shipborne communities at sea, but it was when sailors entered the liminal space of the port that the general public heard their speech. The language of sailors was often greeted with contempt and fear. The Boston Recorder warned in 1823 that when sailors are ashore, “Children can with difficulty enter the streets at all, without hearing the very dialect of hell.” Despite such condemnation, it was in the spoken world of sailor talk that Herman Melville, Joseph Conrad, and Jack London first became storytellers. They were all seafarers who transcribed their experiences at sea into stories, first told orally and then transformed into the written word. With their storytelling, they crossed the liminal space of the port and emerged as the great artists that they are. This book defines sailor talk, explores its inextricability from the labor of mariners, and investigates the orality of the shipboard world in which sailors worked. It then concentrates on the complex, multitudinous, and intertwining use of sailor talk in the works of Melville, Conrad, and London.
David F. Schmitz
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780813180441
- eISBN:
- 9780813180472
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813180441.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
In The Sailor, David F. Schmitz presents a comprehensive reassessment of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's foreign policymaking. Most historians have cast FDR as a leader who resisted an established ...
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In The Sailor, David F. Schmitz presents a comprehensive reassessment of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's foreign policymaking. Most historians have cast FDR as a leader who resisted an established international strategy and who was forced to react quickly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, launching the nation into World War II. Drawing on a wealth of primary documents as well as the latest secondary sources, Schmitz challenges this view, demonstrating that Roosevelt was both consistent and calculating in guiding the direction of American foreign policy throughout his presidency. Schmitz illuminates how the policies FDR pursued in response to the crises of the 1930s transformed Americans' thinking about their place in the world. He shows how the president developed an interlocking set of ideas that prompted a debate between isolationism and preparedness, guided the United States into World War II, and mobilized support for the war while establishing a sense of responsibility for the postwar world. The critical moment came in the period between Roosevelt's reelection in 1940 and the Pearl Harbor attack, when he set out his view of the US as the arsenal of democracy, proclaimed his war goals centered on protection of the four freedoms, secured passage of the Lend-Lease Act, and announced the principles of the Atlantic Charter. This long-overdue book presents a definitive new perspective on Roosevelt's diplomacy and the emergence of the United States as a world power. Schmitz's work offers an important correction to existing studies and establishes FDR as arguably the most significant and successful foreign policymaker in the nation's history.Less
In The Sailor, David F. Schmitz presents a comprehensive reassessment of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's foreign policymaking. Most historians have cast FDR as a leader who resisted an established international strategy and who was forced to react quickly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, launching the nation into World War II. Drawing on a wealth of primary documents as well as the latest secondary sources, Schmitz challenges this view, demonstrating that Roosevelt was both consistent and calculating in guiding the direction of American foreign policy throughout his presidency. Schmitz illuminates how the policies FDR pursued in response to the crises of the 1930s transformed Americans' thinking about their place in the world. He shows how the president developed an interlocking set of ideas that prompted a debate between isolationism and preparedness, guided the United States into World War II, and mobilized support for the war while establishing a sense of responsibility for the postwar world. The critical moment came in the period between Roosevelt's reelection in 1940 and the Pearl Harbor attack, when he set out his view of the US as the arsenal of democracy, proclaimed his war goals centered on protection of the four freedoms, secured passage of the Lend-Lease Act, and announced the principles of the Atlantic Charter. This long-overdue book presents a definitive new perspective on Roosevelt's diplomacy and the emergence of the United States as a world power. Schmitz's work offers an important correction to existing studies and establishes FDR as arguably the most significant and successful foreign policymaker in the nation's history.
Hiram Perez
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479818655
- eISBN:
- 9781479846757
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479818655.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gay and Lesbian Studies
A Taste for Brown Bodies asks what difference race makes in the emergence of gay modernity. The book examines how the romanticization of the “brown body” continues to shape modern gay sensibilities, ...
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A Taste for Brown Bodies asks what difference race makes in the emergence of gay modernity. The book examines how the romanticization of the “brown body” continues to shape modern gay sensibilities, tracing that brown body to the nostalgic imagination of gay cosmopolitanism. In so doing, the book looks in particular to the queer masculinities of three figures: the sailor, the soldier, and the cowboy, themselves proletariat cosmopolitans of sorts. All three of these figures have functioned, officially and unofficially, as cosmopolitan extensions of the US nation-state and as agents for the expansion of its borders and neocolonial zones of influence. The book considers not only how US imperialist expansion was realized but also how it was visualized for and through gay men. US empire not only makes possible certain articulations of gay modernity but also instrumentalizes them. The book argues that certain practices and subjectivities understood historically as forms of homosexuality are regulated and normalized in their service to US empire. By means of an analysis of literature, film, and photographs from the 19th to the 21st centuries—including Herman Melville’s Billy Budd, Annie Proulx’s “Brokeback Mountain,” and photos of abuse at the Abu Ghraib prison—the book proposes that modern gay male identity, often traced to late Victorian constructions of “invert” and “homosexual,” occupies not the periphery of the nation but rather a cosmopolitan position, instrumental to projects of war, colonialism, and neoliberalism.Less
A Taste for Brown Bodies asks what difference race makes in the emergence of gay modernity. The book examines how the romanticization of the “brown body” continues to shape modern gay sensibilities, tracing that brown body to the nostalgic imagination of gay cosmopolitanism. In so doing, the book looks in particular to the queer masculinities of three figures: the sailor, the soldier, and the cowboy, themselves proletariat cosmopolitans of sorts. All three of these figures have functioned, officially and unofficially, as cosmopolitan extensions of the US nation-state and as agents for the expansion of its borders and neocolonial zones of influence. The book considers not only how US imperialist expansion was realized but also how it was visualized for and through gay men. US empire not only makes possible certain articulations of gay modernity but also instrumentalizes them. The book argues that certain practices and subjectivities understood historically as forms of homosexuality are regulated and normalized in their service to US empire. By means of an analysis of literature, film, and photographs from the 19th to the 21st centuries—including Herman Melville’s Billy Budd, Annie Proulx’s “Brokeback Mountain,” and photos of abuse at the Abu Ghraib prison—the book proposes that modern gay male identity, often traced to late Victorian constructions of “invert” and “homosexual,” occupies not the periphery of the nation but rather a cosmopolitan position, instrumental to projects of war, colonialism, and neoliberalism.
Hiram Pérez
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479818655
- eISBN:
- 9781479846757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479818655.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gay and Lesbian Studies
Rather than imagining the late Victorian invention of homosexuality as a moment of singular and absolute abjection, the introduction posits the homosexual as a modern agent of neocolonial expansion ...
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Rather than imagining the late Victorian invention of homosexuality as a moment of singular and absolute abjection, the introduction posits the homosexual as a modern agent of neocolonial expansion (the geographies of which are redefined by new visual and information technologies), instrumental both to modern nation-building and transnational flows of capital. A range of mobilities, transformed or generated by industrialization (i.e. class privilege, whiteness, transportation technology, mass media, tourism) and eventually post-industrial society (i.e. communications and information technologies), provide conditions for a cosmopolitan gay male subject. The introduction traces the foundations of gay modernity to gay cosmopolitanism, including the queer, proletarian cosmopolitanism of sailors, soldiers, and cowboys, interrogating how these three figures were deployed to sustain and expand U.S. empire. It is crucial to recover these unexpected routes of queer cosmopolitanism in order to appreciate the links between gay modernity and imperialism.Less
Rather than imagining the late Victorian invention of homosexuality as a moment of singular and absolute abjection, the introduction posits the homosexual as a modern agent of neocolonial expansion (the geographies of which are redefined by new visual and information technologies), instrumental both to modern nation-building and transnational flows of capital. A range of mobilities, transformed or generated by industrialization (i.e. class privilege, whiteness, transportation technology, mass media, tourism) and eventually post-industrial society (i.e. communications and information technologies), provide conditions for a cosmopolitan gay male subject. The introduction traces the foundations of gay modernity to gay cosmopolitanism, including the queer, proletarian cosmopolitanism of sailors, soldiers, and cowboys, interrogating how these three figures were deployed to sustain and expand U.S. empire. It is crucial to recover these unexpected routes of queer cosmopolitanism in order to appreciate the links between gay modernity and imperialism.
Michael Haren
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208518
- eISBN:
- 9780191678042
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208518.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, Social History
The penultimate chapter in the section on restitution is an account of pardoners. The author makes clear how fraudulent pardoners must discharge their obligation to make restitution to their ...
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The penultimate chapter in the section on restitution is an account of pardoners. The author makes clear how fraudulent pardoners must discharge their obligation to make restitution to their principals, if they have been duly constituted, and to the bishop of the diocese if they have acted on their own authority. The Memoriale Presbiterorum represents a corresponding awareness of abuses practices by agents and collectors within the diocese. The section on restitution includes doctors, an obligation which they incur through inexpertise or malpractice. The host of an inn is responsible for the safe custody of mislaid property. Also included in the section on restitution is a discussion of the actor’s remuneration. Several persons have a place in the section on interrogation only, such as servants, sailors with their hostility to ecclesiastics or their spiritual shortcomings, women, and children whose responsibility is diminished by their age.Less
The penultimate chapter in the section on restitution is an account of pardoners. The author makes clear how fraudulent pardoners must discharge their obligation to make restitution to their principals, if they have been duly constituted, and to the bishop of the diocese if they have acted on their own authority. The Memoriale Presbiterorum represents a corresponding awareness of abuses practices by agents and collectors within the diocese. The section on restitution includes doctors, an obligation which they incur through inexpertise or malpractice. The host of an inn is responsible for the safe custody of mislaid property. Also included in the section on restitution is a discussion of the actor’s remuneration. Several persons have a place in the section on interrogation only, such as servants, sailors with their hostility to ecclesiastics or their spiritual shortcomings, women, and children whose responsibility is diminished by their age.
John Boardman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691181752
- eISBN:
- 9780691184043
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691181752.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter examines how fantastic tales about Alexander's life and adventures after he had conquered the “known world,” were current soon after his death. Very possibly these were to some degree ...
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This chapter examines how fantastic tales about Alexander's life and adventures after he had conquered the “known world,” were current soon after his death. Very possibly these were to some degree modelled on the early epic and heroic legends in Greek literature. The new stories seem to find their origin mainly in Ptolemaic Egypt, which is hardly surprising given Alexander's associations there in life and death. Such documents provide writers and artists with a corpus of tales about the mystic east which were to echo in later centuries through the works of Marco Polo, the stories of Sinbad the Sailor, and Sir John de Mandeville's record of imaginary journeys in the east, and much else.Less
This chapter examines how fantastic tales about Alexander's life and adventures after he had conquered the “known world,” were current soon after his death. Very possibly these were to some degree modelled on the early epic and heroic legends in Greek literature. The new stories seem to find their origin mainly in Ptolemaic Egypt, which is hardly surprising given Alexander's associations there in life and death. Such documents provide writers and artists with a corpus of tales about the mystic east which were to echo in later centuries through the works of Marco Polo, the stories of Sinbad the Sailor, and Sir John de Mandeville's record of imaginary journeys in the east, and much else.
Brian Rouleau
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452338
- eISBN:
- 9780801455087
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452338.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Many Americans in the Early Republic era saw the seas as another field for national aggrandizement. With a merchant marine that competed against Britain for commercial supremacy and a whaling fleet ...
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Many Americans in the Early Republic era saw the seas as another field for national aggrandizement. With a merchant marine that competed against Britain for commercial supremacy and a whaling fleet that circled the globe, the United States sought a maritime empire to complement its territorial ambitions in North America. This book argues that because of their ubiquity in foreign ports, American sailors were the principal agents of overseas foreign relations in the early republic. Their everyday encounters and more problematic interactions shaped how the United States was perceived overseas. The book details both the mariners' “working-class diplomacy” and the anxieties that such interactions inspired among federal authorities and missionary communities, who saw the behavior of American sailors as mere debauchery. Indiscriminate violence and licentious conduct, they feared, threatened both mercantile profit margins and the nation's reputation overseas. As the book chronicles, the world's oceans and seaport spaces soon became a battleground over the terms by which American citizens would introduce themselves to the world. But by the end of the Civil War, seamen were no longer the nation's principal ambassadors. Hordes of wealthy tourists had replaced seafarers, and those privileged travelers moved through a world characterized by consolidated state and corporate authority. This book reveals the maritime networks that bound the Early Republic to the wider world.Less
Many Americans in the Early Republic era saw the seas as another field for national aggrandizement. With a merchant marine that competed against Britain for commercial supremacy and a whaling fleet that circled the globe, the United States sought a maritime empire to complement its territorial ambitions in North America. This book argues that because of their ubiquity in foreign ports, American sailors were the principal agents of overseas foreign relations in the early republic. Their everyday encounters and more problematic interactions shaped how the United States was perceived overseas. The book details both the mariners' “working-class diplomacy” and the anxieties that such interactions inspired among federal authorities and missionary communities, who saw the behavior of American sailors as mere debauchery. Indiscriminate violence and licentious conduct, they feared, threatened both mercantile profit margins and the nation's reputation overseas. As the book chronicles, the world's oceans and seaport spaces soon became a battleground over the terms by which American citizens would introduce themselves to the world. But by the end of the Civil War, seamen were no longer the nation's principal ambassadors. Hordes of wealthy tourists had replaced seafarers, and those privileged travelers moved through a world characterized by consolidated state and corporate authority. This book reveals the maritime networks that bound the Early Republic to the wider world.
H. A. Hellyer
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748639472
- eISBN:
- 9780748671342
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748639472.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
The United Kingdom has a long history of interaction with Muslims and is home to a large Muslim population. While the largest and most noticeable presence of Muslims rose in the UK in the aftermath ...
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The United Kingdom has a long history of interaction with Muslims and is home to a large Muslim population. While the largest and most noticeable presence of Muslims rose in the UK in the aftermath of the breakup of the British Empire, the history of the relationship goes back much further. Muslim history in the UK or among Britons can be divided into five phases: early Muslim general history until the end of the fifteenth century; sixteenth century to the end of the eighteenth century; nineteenth century to World War I; early twentieth century; and mid-twentieth century to the turn of the twenty-first century and the ‘War on Terror’. This chapter focuses on Muslims in the UK, with Muslim sailors as the early British Muslims in Cardiff and Liverpool. It also considers Muslim lobby groups in the UK, the debate over ‘church-state’ relations and the past and present legal status of Muslims in the UK. Moreover, the chapter considers blasphemy, demands for fiqh incorporation into state law and legal reforms.Less
The United Kingdom has a long history of interaction with Muslims and is home to a large Muslim population. While the largest and most noticeable presence of Muslims rose in the UK in the aftermath of the breakup of the British Empire, the history of the relationship goes back much further. Muslim history in the UK or among Britons can be divided into five phases: early Muslim general history until the end of the fifteenth century; sixteenth century to the end of the eighteenth century; nineteenth century to World War I; early twentieth century; and mid-twentieth century to the turn of the twenty-first century and the ‘War on Terror’. This chapter focuses on Muslims in the UK, with Muslim sailors as the early British Muslims in Cardiff and Liverpool. It also considers Muslim lobby groups in the UK, the debate over ‘church-state’ relations and the past and present legal status of Muslims in the UK. Moreover, the chapter considers blasphemy, demands for fiqh incorporation into state law and legal reforms.
Joanne Begiato
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781526128577
- eISBN:
- 9781526152046
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526128584.00009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This chapter brings together bodies, emotions, and objects through the most desirable idealised man of all: the martial man. Fictional and real military men were imagined through emotionalised ...
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This chapter brings together bodies, emotions, and objects through the most desirable idealised man of all: the martial man. Fictional and real military men were imagined through emotionalised bodies, with material culture often acting as the point of entry for the cultural work they performed in producing and disseminating manliness. Drawing on the concept of emotional objects, three types of material culture are examined, which inspired feelings that reinforced ideas about idealised manliness. The first group are the artefacts of war and the military, including uniforms, weaponry, battle-field-objects, medals, ships, and regimental colours. The second are the objects encountered at the domestic level including toys, ceramics, and textiles, which depicted martial manliness or had intimate connections with soldiers and sailors. They appealed to all age groups, genders, and social classes, and had a domestic function or ornamental appeal. The third type considered consists of the material culture that celebrity military heroes generated, from consumable products that deployed their names and images, to the monuments that memorialised them, to the very stuff of their bodies. This irresistible nexus of emotionalised bodies and objects prompted affective responses, which disseminated, reinforced, and maintained civilian masculinities. (192 words)Less
This chapter brings together bodies, emotions, and objects through the most desirable idealised man of all: the martial man. Fictional and real military men were imagined through emotionalised bodies, with material culture often acting as the point of entry for the cultural work they performed in producing and disseminating manliness. Drawing on the concept of emotional objects, three types of material culture are examined, which inspired feelings that reinforced ideas about idealised manliness. The first group are the artefacts of war and the military, including uniforms, weaponry, battle-field-objects, medals, ships, and regimental colours. The second are the objects encountered at the domestic level including toys, ceramics, and textiles, which depicted martial manliness or had intimate connections with soldiers and sailors. They appealed to all age groups, genders, and social classes, and had a domestic function or ornamental appeal. The third type considered consists of the material culture that celebrity military heroes generated, from consumable products that deployed their names and images, to the monuments that memorialised them, to the very stuff of their bodies. This irresistible nexus of emotionalised bodies and objects prompted affective responses, which disseminated, reinforced, and maintained civilian masculinities. (192 words)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780973007374
- eISBN:
- 9781786944672
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973007374.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This collection provides a tribute to the career of maritime historian Yrjö Kaukiainen, composed upon his retirement from the University of Helsinki. It collects seventeen of his maritime essays ...
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This collection provides a tribute to the career of maritime historian Yrjö Kaukiainen, composed upon his retirement from the University of Helsinki. It collects seventeen of his maritime essays written in English, reprinted in order to celebrate his career and impact on the field of maritime history. The selected essays encompass the following themes: maritime Finland; maritime labour; sail, steam, coal, and canvas; the timber-trade; maritime communication and networks; ship measurement and shipping statistics; the economics of merchant shipping; managerial skills in Finnish merchant fleets; and international freight markets. The collection primarily concerns Finnish shipping, and the maritime relationships between Finland and the wider international community, including the British timber-trade, the wider Baltic timber-trade, and Dutch shipping in relation to the Swedish Navigation Act. The essays are prefaced by three tributes of Kaukiainen’s career, penned by Lars U. Scholl, Merja-Liisa Hinkkanen, and Lewis R. Fischer, respectively. The volume concludes with a bibliography of Kaukiainen’s work on maritime history, in both Swedish and English, from 1981 to 2003.Less
This collection provides a tribute to the career of maritime historian Yrjö Kaukiainen, composed upon his retirement from the University of Helsinki. It collects seventeen of his maritime essays written in English, reprinted in order to celebrate his career and impact on the field of maritime history. The selected essays encompass the following themes: maritime Finland; maritime labour; sail, steam, coal, and canvas; the timber-trade; maritime communication and networks; ship measurement and shipping statistics; the economics of merchant shipping; managerial skills in Finnish merchant fleets; and international freight markets. The collection primarily concerns Finnish shipping, and the maritime relationships between Finland and the wider international community, including the British timber-trade, the wider Baltic timber-trade, and Dutch shipping in relation to the Swedish Navigation Act. The essays are prefaced by three tributes of Kaukiainen’s career, penned by Lars U. Scholl, Merja-Liisa Hinkkanen, and Lewis R. Fischer, respectively. The volume concludes with a bibliography of Kaukiainen’s work on maritime history, in both Swedish and English, from 1981 to 2003.
Barbara Brooks Tomblin
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125541
- eISBN:
- 9780813135311
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125541.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Soon after the fall of Fort Sumter, the Navy Department realized that the fleet's rapid wartime expansion would require thousands of sailors, and it sent navy recruiters out to recruiting stations, ...
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Soon after the fall of Fort Sumter, the Navy Department realized that the fleet's rapid wartime expansion would require thousands of sailors, and it sent navy recruiters out to recruiting stations, called rendezvous, in large eastern cities and small coastal and river towns to lure men into the service. Only about 300 African American men reported to these stations, and by the end of 1861 they accounted for only about six percent of Union Navy crews. These numbers soon grew, however. According to Howard University's Black Sailors Project, 18,000 African American men (and 11 women) served in the Union Navy over the course of the Civil War. African American sailors constituted about 20 percent of the enlisted force, nearly double the proportion of black soldiers who served in the Union Army during the war. The largest number of black men joining the Union Navy listed their place of origin as either Maryland or Virginia.Less
Soon after the fall of Fort Sumter, the Navy Department realized that the fleet's rapid wartime expansion would require thousands of sailors, and it sent navy recruiters out to recruiting stations, called rendezvous, in large eastern cities and small coastal and river towns to lure men into the service. Only about 300 African American men reported to these stations, and by the end of 1861 they accounted for only about six percent of Union Navy crews. These numbers soon grew, however. According to Howard University's Black Sailors Project, 18,000 African American men (and 11 women) served in the Union Navy over the course of the Civil War. African American sailors constituted about 20 percent of the enlisted force, nearly double the proportion of black soldiers who served in the Union Army during the war. The largest number of black men joining the Union Navy listed their place of origin as either Maryland or Virginia.
Harry Kelsey
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300217780
- eISBN:
- 9780300220865
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300217780.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Prior histories of the first Spanish mariners to circumnavigate the globe in the sixteenth century have focused on Ferdinand Magellan and the other illustrious leaders of these daring expeditions. ...
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Prior histories of the first Spanish mariners to circumnavigate the globe in the sixteenth century have focused on Ferdinand Magellan and the other illustrious leaders of these daring expeditions. This book is the first to concentrate on the hitherto anonymous sailors, slaves, adventurers, and soldiers who manned the ships. The book contends that these initial transglobal voyages occurred by chance, beginning with the launch of Magellan's armada in 1519, when the crews dispatched by the king of Spain to claim the Spice Islands in the western Pacific were forced to seek a longer way home, resulting in bitter confrontations with rival Portuguese. The book's enthralling history, based on more than thirty years of research in European and American archives, offers fascinating stories of treachery, greed, murder, desertion, sickness, and starvation but also of courage, dogged persistence, leadership, and loyalty.Less
Prior histories of the first Spanish mariners to circumnavigate the globe in the sixteenth century have focused on Ferdinand Magellan and the other illustrious leaders of these daring expeditions. This book is the first to concentrate on the hitherto anonymous sailors, slaves, adventurers, and soldiers who manned the ships. The book contends that these initial transglobal voyages occurred by chance, beginning with the launch of Magellan's armada in 1519, when the crews dispatched by the king of Spain to claim the Spice Islands in the western Pacific were forced to seek a longer way home, resulting in bitter confrontations with rival Portuguese. The book's enthralling history, based on more than thirty years of research in European and American archives, offers fascinating stories of treachery, greed, murder, desertion, sickness, and starvation but also of courage, dogged persistence, leadership, and loyalty.
Thomas P. Lowry
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823232260
- eISBN:
- 9780823240784
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823232260.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter shows that some citizens—including, surprisingly, a number of Union soldiers and sailors—were not saddened at all by President Lincoln's passing. In fact, many of them publicly expressed ...
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This chapter shows that some citizens—including, surprisingly, a number of Union soldiers and sailors—were not saddened at all by President Lincoln's passing. In fact, many of them publicly expressed joy over the assassination. Their doing so had legal ramifications, too, for merely expressing satisfaction at Booth's deed often resulted in imprisonment, a fine, or both. The chapter examines seventy-eight long-ignored files in the National Archives involving cases of those tried for rejoicing over Lincoln's death. In such cases, the protections of the First Amendment were overwhelmed by public anger—and by sometimes harsh prosecution—at citizens who would applaud the murder of a president.Less
This chapter shows that some citizens—including, surprisingly, a number of Union soldiers and sailors—were not saddened at all by President Lincoln's passing. In fact, many of them publicly expressed joy over the assassination. Their doing so had legal ramifications, too, for merely expressing satisfaction at Booth's deed often resulted in imprisonment, a fine, or both. The chapter examines seventy-eight long-ignored files in the National Archives involving cases of those tried for rejoicing over Lincoln's death. In such cases, the protections of the First Amendment were overwhelmed by public anger—and by sometimes harsh prosecution—at citizens who would applaud the murder of a president.
