John Pender
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199244072
- eISBN:
- 9780191595974
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199244073.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter analyses key hypotheses on the impacts of rural population growth on agriculture, natural resource management, and related impacts on poverty in development countries. It is argued that ...
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This chapter analyses key hypotheses on the impacts of rural population growth on agriculture, natural resource management, and related impacts on poverty in development countries. It is argued that the impacts of population growth likely to be negative when there is no collective response than when population growth induces infrastructure development, collective action, institutional or organisational development. The results of recent studies by the International Food Policy Research Institute in Honduras are discussed.Less
This chapter analyses key hypotheses on the impacts of rural population growth on agriculture, natural resource management, and related impacts on poverty in development countries. It is argued that the impacts of population growth likely to be negative when there is no collective response than when population growth induces infrastructure development, collective action, institutional or organisational development. The results of recent studies by the International Food Policy Research Institute in Honduras are discussed.
Peter Attema and Tymon de Haas
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199602353
- eISBN:
- 9780191731570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602353.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter presents a case study on regional demographic reconstructions based on data assembled for the Carta Archeologica of the municipal territory of Nettuno, central Italy. The aim of this ...
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This chapter presents a case study on regional demographic reconstructions based on data assembled for the Carta Archeologica of the municipal territory of Nettuno, central Italy. The aim of this case study is to contribute to the methodological debate on the use of survey data for past (Roman) population reconstructions. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 1 discusses the uses of survey data in demographic reconstructions. Section 2 assesses the way the data were assembled while Section 3 deals with diachronic changes in the density and distribution of rural settlement types over the landscape. These data are then used in Section 4 to extrapolate population figures, elaborating methods used in earlier studies. The combined analysis of rural site data and subsequent demographic extrapolations furnish insights into the economic growth and decline of a part of the ager of Antium. The study highlights important methodological issues (especially on the relations between survey intensity and site recovery) that, in the context of the present volume, are of great importance. It also serves as a test case for future application to datasets available for other parts of the Pontine Region. Ultimately, the results may be used to test recent ideas on the extent of Rome's suburbium that would have reached as far as Antium and the Pontine Region.Less
This chapter presents a case study on regional demographic reconstructions based on data assembled for the Carta Archeologica of the municipal territory of Nettuno, central Italy. The aim of this case study is to contribute to the methodological debate on the use of survey data for past (Roman) population reconstructions. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 1 discusses the uses of survey data in demographic reconstructions. Section 2 assesses the way the data were assembled while Section 3 deals with diachronic changes in the density and distribution of rural settlement types over the landscape. These data are then used in Section 4 to extrapolate population figures, elaborating methods used in earlier studies. The combined analysis of rural site data and subsequent demographic extrapolations furnish insights into the economic growth and decline of a part of the ager of Antium. The study highlights important methodological issues (especially on the relations between survey intensity and site recovery) that, in the context of the present volume, are of great importance. It also serves as a test case for future application to datasets available for other parts of the Pontine Region. Ultimately, the results may be used to test recent ideas on the extent of Rome's suburbium that would have reached as far as Antium and the Pontine Region.
Peter Svedberg
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292685
- eISBN:
- 9780191596957
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292686.003.0016
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Following up on the quantitative analysis in the preceding chapter (15), revealing excess child mortality in sub‐Saharan Africa, a more qualitative analysis of the public sector in the countries in ...
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Following up on the quantitative analysis in the preceding chapter (15), revealing excess child mortality in sub‐Saharan Africa, a more qualitative analysis of the public sector in the countries in this region is provided in Ch. 16. The public resources spent on health care and education, in these countries, are not abnormally small (given the income levels), but the quality of the services is, with few exceptions, dismal. Moreover, the resource allocation is biased towards curative health care in big cities and higher education. Often, less than half the rural population has access to basic health care and primary education. Lack of economic growth and political misallocation of resources are found to be at the bottom of the problem.Less
Following up on the quantitative analysis in the preceding chapter (15), revealing excess child mortality in sub‐Saharan Africa, a more qualitative analysis of the public sector in the countries in this region is provided in Ch. 16. The public resources spent on health care and education, in these countries, are not abnormally small (given the income levels), but the quality of the services is, with few exceptions, dismal. Moreover, the resource allocation is biased towards curative health care in big cities and higher education. Often, less than half the rural population has access to basic health care and primary education. Lack of economic growth and political misallocation of resources are found to be at the bottom of the problem.
Donna M. Wilson and Deepthi Mohankumar
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199599400
- eISBN:
- 9780191739170
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199599400.003.0076
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine Research
This chapter highlights groups that are under-served and otherwise disadvantaged at the end of life. It focuses on people who live in rural or remote areas. Despite some important benefits to living ...
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This chapter highlights groups that are under-served and otherwise disadvantaged at the end of life. It focuses on people who live in rural or remote areas. Despite some important benefits to living and dying outside metropolitan areas, rural/remote persons are often disadvantaged as they reach the end of life, and in many different ways. Although it is impossible to highlight all global issues, the chapter summarizes relevant current research and emphasizes key aspects of rural/remote inequity for attention. Some comparative points about urban under-served groups are also made, as it would be unfair to categorize all people who live in or near cities as having better end-of-life care chances than rural/remote persons.Less
This chapter highlights groups that are under-served and otherwise disadvantaged at the end of life. It focuses on people who live in rural or remote areas. Despite some important benefits to living and dying outside metropolitan areas, rural/remote persons are often disadvantaged as they reach the end of life, and in many different ways. Although it is impossible to highlight all global issues, the chapter summarizes relevant current research and emphasizes key aspects of rural/remote inequity for attention. Some comparative points about urban under-served groups are also made, as it would be unfair to categorize all people who live in or near cities as having better end-of-life care chances than rural/remote persons.
Adrian Randall
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199259908
- eISBN:
- 9780191717444
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259908.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This chapter argues that, contrary to popular belief, the rural population played a major role in riots in 18th-century England. The rural population, also known as the country people, are rarely ...
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This chapter argues that, contrary to popular belief, the rural population played a major role in riots in 18th-century England. The rural population, also known as the country people, are rarely seen as instigators of large-scale disturbances. While the culture of rural England could be robust and even brutal, it is not usually associated with the sorts of orchestrated community responses that characterized the way in which urban and suburban manufacturing and mining populations faced up to challenges to customary expectations or to living standards. Agricultural labourers are assumed to be too preoccupied with finding and keeping work to risk overt protest, while farmers were too dependent upon maintaining their reputation with the landlords from whom they rented land to endanger that relationship. However, many riots were led and dominated by country people.Less
This chapter argues that, contrary to popular belief, the rural population played a major role in riots in 18th-century England. The rural population, also known as the country people, are rarely seen as instigators of large-scale disturbances. While the culture of rural England could be robust and even brutal, it is not usually associated with the sorts of orchestrated community responses that characterized the way in which urban and suburban manufacturing and mining populations faced up to challenges to customary expectations or to living standards. Agricultural labourers are assumed to be too preoccupied with finding and keeping work to risk overt protest, while farmers were too dependent upon maintaining their reputation with the landlords from whom they rented land to endanger that relationship. However, many riots were led and dominated by country people.
Leslie Dossey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520254398
- eISBN:
- 9780520947771
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520254398.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, African History: BCE to 500CE
Peasants' access to commodities such as fineware was weak in the early imperial period, not because they preferred their native artisan traditions (which had disappeared), but because the new Roman ...
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Peasants' access to commodities such as fineware was weak in the early imperial period, not because they preferred their native artisan traditions (which had disappeared), but because the new Roman order had limited their ability to consume anything beyond the most basic necessities. Patterns of commodity distribution and production changed in late antiquity. The small farms and villages that had been all but archaeologically invisible during the early imperial period began to obtain datable fineware by the late fourth century. The African Red Slip industry fragmented into many microindustries, allowing fineware to be produced more locally, and therefore more cheaply, than previously. Literary texts began to assume that everyone in North Africa would be dining on pottery (if not something better). There are signs that other forms of material culture—glass, roof tiles, bathhouses, clothing, and money itself—were becoming available to rural populations. Some of these developments might be attributed to a general increase in wealth in the core African provinces, derived from their expanding overseas exports, but patterns of distribution also changed in less-prosperous Mauretania Caesariensis and Tripolitania. This chapter first summarizes the evidence for this diffusion of commodities to rural populations, and then explores its explanations and implications.Less
Peasants' access to commodities such as fineware was weak in the early imperial period, not because they preferred their native artisan traditions (which had disappeared), but because the new Roman order had limited their ability to consume anything beyond the most basic necessities. Patterns of commodity distribution and production changed in late antiquity. The small farms and villages that had been all but archaeologically invisible during the early imperial period began to obtain datable fineware by the late fourth century. The African Red Slip industry fragmented into many microindustries, allowing fineware to be produced more locally, and therefore more cheaply, than previously. Literary texts began to assume that everyone in North Africa would be dining on pottery (if not something better). There are signs that other forms of material culture—glass, roof tiles, bathhouses, clothing, and money itself—were becoming available to rural populations. Some of these developments might be attributed to a general increase in wealth in the core African provinces, derived from their expanding overseas exports, but patterns of distribution also changed in less-prosperous Mauretania Caesariensis and Tripolitania. This chapter first summarizes the evidence for this diffusion of commodities to rural populations, and then explores its explanations and implications.
Leslie Dossey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520254398
- eISBN:
- 9780520947771
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520254398.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, African History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter summarizes the preceding discussions and presents some concluding thoughts from the author. The question posed at the beginning of this book was why people began to worry about peasant ...
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This chapter summarizes the preceding discussions and presents some concluding thoughts from the author. The question posed at the beginning of this book was why people began to worry about peasant rebellion in the fourth century, a concern displayed in the North African case by the polemics against the Donatist circumcellions. To reconstruct what was happening to rural populations, a wide range of disparate sources, both textual and archaeological, were considered, in such a way as to discover their “hidden transcripts”—the perspective and agency of the peasants themselves. The examination and interpretation of these sources has led to the conclusion that the rural populations were not rebelling against the Roman way of life in the fourth and fifth centuries, but involving themselves in it on a scale unattested before. Their involvement is what increased social tensions, as it transgressed the boundaries that divided rustici and urbani. The book traces this crossing of boundaries in three different areas of Roman life: the economic, the political, and the ideological.Less
This chapter summarizes the preceding discussions and presents some concluding thoughts from the author. The question posed at the beginning of this book was why people began to worry about peasant rebellion in the fourth century, a concern displayed in the North African case by the polemics against the Donatist circumcellions. To reconstruct what was happening to rural populations, a wide range of disparate sources, both textual and archaeological, were considered, in such a way as to discover their “hidden transcripts”—the perspective and agency of the peasants themselves. The examination and interpretation of these sources has led to the conclusion that the rural populations were not rebelling against the Roman way of life in the fourth and fifth centuries, but involving themselves in it on a scale unattested before. Their involvement is what increased social tensions, as it transgressed the boundaries that divided rustici and urbani. The book traces this crossing of boundaries in three different areas of Roman life: the economic, the political, and the ideological.
Kelly A. Minor
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034034
- eISBN:
- 9780813038261
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034034.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines rural women and the ways that migration impacts them. It focuses on a group of people and institutions who are not migrating per se but who must respond to rapid migration and ...
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This chapter examines rural women and the ways that migration impacts them. It focuses on a group of people and institutions who are not migrating per se but who must respond to rapid migration and urbanization taking place miles away in the urban parts of the state. Migration histories tend to naturally concentrate on the migrants as the central characters; but here it is shown that the impact and reach of migration influences rural populations even if their mobility is more static over time than their urban counterparts.Less
This chapter examines rural women and the ways that migration impacts them. It focuses on a group of people and institutions who are not migrating per se but who must respond to rapid migration and urbanization taking place miles away in the urban parts of the state. Migration histories tend to naturally concentrate on the migrants as the central characters; but here it is shown that the impact and reach of migration influences rural populations even if their mobility is more static over time than their urban counterparts.
Samiha El Katsha and Susan Watts
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774247286
- eISBN:
- 9781617970245
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774247286.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
An estimated 200 million people in the world suffer from schistosomiasis (bilharzia), and according to the World Health Organization it ranks second behind malaria in terms of socioeconomic and ...
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An estimated 200 million people in the world suffer from schistosomiasis (bilharzia), and according to the World Health Organization it ranks second behind malaria in terms of socioeconomic and public health importance in tropical and subtropical areas. The disease was present in Egypt in the Old Kingdom (c. 2600 BCE), and in 1998 it was estimated that almost six million Egyptians— one fifth of the rural population— were infected. Thus it remains one of the most serious public health problems in rural Egypt. This study paints a broad picture of schistosomiasis in rural Egypt. The research in three Nile Delta villages between 1991 and 1997 provides an in-depth community-level view of patterns of transmission and strategies for control. An analysis of recent research and policy presents the national context for the study. Schistosomiasis is primarily a behavioral disease, associated with human behavior in relation to water, especially canals; strategies for disease control and treatment need to consider what people do, where, when, and why. This book stresses an area of particular concern to social scientists: gender issues are most fully revealed at the local level, where an infection such as schistosomiasis is transmitted, diagnosed, treated, and ultimately (it is hoped) prevented.Less
An estimated 200 million people in the world suffer from schistosomiasis (bilharzia), and according to the World Health Organization it ranks second behind malaria in terms of socioeconomic and public health importance in tropical and subtropical areas. The disease was present in Egypt in the Old Kingdom (c. 2600 BCE), and in 1998 it was estimated that almost six million Egyptians— one fifth of the rural population— were infected. Thus it remains one of the most serious public health problems in rural Egypt. This study paints a broad picture of schistosomiasis in rural Egypt. The research in three Nile Delta villages between 1991 and 1997 provides an in-depth community-level view of patterns of transmission and strategies for control. An analysis of recent research and policy presents the national context for the study. Schistosomiasis is primarily a behavioral disease, associated with human behavior in relation to water, especially canals; strategies for disease control and treatment need to consider what people do, where, when, and why. This book stresses an area of particular concern to social scientists: gender issues are most fully revealed at the local level, where an infection such as schistosomiasis is transmitted, diagnosed, treated, and ultimately (it is hoped) prevented.
Eric R. Wolf
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520223332
- eISBN:
- 9780520924871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520223332.003.0018
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Theory and Practice
The twentieth century has witnessed the eruption of the rural population of Latin America into the political process: news of land invasions, uprisings, and petitions for agrarian reform in various ...
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The twentieth century has witnessed the eruption of the rural population of Latin America into the political process: news of land invasions, uprisings, and petitions for agrarian reform in various countries of the continent furnish daily subject matter for the world press. Forms of rural protest have varied widely from country to country, and from historical period to historical period. An analytical scheme would allow relating modes of rural protest to major structural shifts in the political economy of Latin America. This chapter attempts to examine the dynamic of rural protest movements as they respond to changing structural conditions and in turn react upon them. It delineates three phases in the development of the hacienda system: the phase of expansion, the phase of stabilization and coexistence, and the phase of dissolution. Rural protest acquires more relevance because it challenges a system of power and is itself revolutionary.Less
The twentieth century has witnessed the eruption of the rural population of Latin America into the political process: news of land invasions, uprisings, and petitions for agrarian reform in various countries of the continent furnish daily subject matter for the world press. Forms of rural protest have varied widely from country to country, and from historical period to historical period. An analytical scheme would allow relating modes of rural protest to major structural shifts in the political economy of Latin America. This chapter attempts to examine the dynamic of rural protest movements as they respond to changing structural conditions and in turn react upon them. It delineates three phases in the development of the hacienda system: the phase of expansion, the phase of stabilization and coexistence, and the phase of dissolution. Rural protest acquires more relevance because it challenges a system of power and is itself revolutionary.
Jess Gilbert and Richard S. Kirkendall
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300207316
- eISBN:
- 9780300213393
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207316.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter introduces the work of community delineation done by rural sociologists and land economists of the Division of Farm Population and Rural Welfare under the U.S. Department of ...
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This chapter introduces the work of community delineation done by rural sociologists and land economists of the Division of Farm Population and Rural Welfare under the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Bureau of Agricultural Economics (BAE). In the application of the sociological and participatory-democratic theories conferred by rural sociologists, the BAE initially organized a system of representation, wherein rural neighborhoods are represented by a community committee, and then local communities are represented by a county committee. Through an effective representation of social units, conflicting locality-based interests were brought together in order to develop collective solutions. The chapter also describes the actual implementation of the community delineation work to different rural counties.Less
This chapter introduces the work of community delineation done by rural sociologists and land economists of the Division of Farm Population and Rural Welfare under the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Bureau of Agricultural Economics (BAE). In the application of the sociological and participatory-democratic theories conferred by rural sociologists, the BAE initially organized a system of representation, wherein rural neighborhoods are represented by a community committee, and then local communities are represented by a county committee. Through an effective representation of social units, conflicting locality-based interests were brought together in order to develop collective solutions. The chapter also describes the actual implementation of the community delineation work to different rural counties.
Sarah Rees Jones
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198201946
- eISBN:
- 9780191746338
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201946.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter places the development of York and its civic institutions in the context of the development of the county of Yorkshire. It addresses issues of changing population size and structure, the ...
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This chapter places the development of York and its civic institutions in the context of the development of the county of Yorkshire. It addresses issues of changing population size and structure, the foundation and distribution of markets and fairs, and the development of overseas trade. All these developments shaped the development of distinctive institutions in York, in particular the foundation and attempted reform of market places, the reconstruction of the city walls, and the development of summer festivals culminating in the rise of the feast of Corpus Christi in the middle fourteenth century.Less
This chapter places the development of York and its civic institutions in the context of the development of the county of Yorkshire. It addresses issues of changing population size and structure, the foundation and distribution of markets and fairs, and the development of overseas trade. All these developments shaped the development of distinctive institutions in York, in particular the foundation and attempted reform of market places, the reconstruction of the city walls, and the development of summer festivals culminating in the rise of the feast of Corpus Christi in the middle fourteenth century.
Alfred Haverkamp
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198221722
- eISBN:
- 9780191678486
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198221722.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
One of the consequences of the great changes among literate groups was the fact that from the Staufen period, there were social doctrines whose writers distinctly differed from older authors in their ...
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One of the consequences of the great changes among literate groups was the fact that from the Staufen period, there were social doctrines whose writers distinctly differed from older authors in their social and religious horizons. The first section of this chapter looks at social doctrines between persistence and change. The second section examines ministerials, ‘knighthood’, and nobility. The rise of the ministerials led to a great expansion of the nobility. It also strengthened the tendencies towards differentiation within noble society. The third section discusses peasants and the rural population. The fourth section examines town-dwellers and citizens. The last section examines the factors that led to the consideration of the Jews as an alien minority.Less
One of the consequences of the great changes among literate groups was the fact that from the Staufen period, there were social doctrines whose writers distinctly differed from older authors in their social and religious horizons. The first section of this chapter looks at social doctrines between persistence and change. The second section examines ministerials, ‘knighthood’, and nobility. The rise of the ministerials led to a great expansion of the nobility. It also strengthened the tendencies towards differentiation within noble society. The third section discusses peasants and the rural population. The fourth section examines town-dwellers and citizens. The last section examines the factors that led to the consideration of the Jews as an alien minority.
Eric Richards
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526131485
- eISBN:
- 9781526138910
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526131485.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Wales, in common with many locations in the British Isles, had a mixed career during the economic and demographic upheavals of the late eighteenth century. Rural west Wales was especially prominent ...
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Wales, in common with many locations in the British Isles, had a mixed career during the economic and demographic upheavals of the late eighteenth century. Rural west Wales was especially prominent in the emigration account; it also vividly manifested some of the classic conditions making for mobility. Increased mobility in rural Wales was marked also by particular episodes of emigration which entered the folk memory. The demographic and economic career of the upland Swaledale region in the North Yorkshire Pennines demonstrates with unusual clarity several typical sequences within the long-term decline of its rural population. The Swaledale economy remained dominated by agriculture, and productivity increases were impressive, especially in dairying. Swaledale was a classic case of rural change associated with migratory adjustments to demographic and economic pressures, and was a regional variant of the common experience in rural Britain.Less
Wales, in common with many locations in the British Isles, had a mixed career during the economic and demographic upheavals of the late eighteenth century. Rural west Wales was especially prominent in the emigration account; it also vividly manifested some of the classic conditions making for mobility. Increased mobility in rural Wales was marked also by particular episodes of emigration which entered the folk memory. The demographic and economic career of the upland Swaledale region in the North Yorkshire Pennines demonstrates with unusual clarity several typical sequences within the long-term decline of its rural population. The Swaledale economy remained dominated by agriculture, and productivity increases were impressive, especially in dairying. Swaledale was a classic case of rural change associated with migratory adjustments to demographic and economic pressures, and was a regional variant of the common experience in rural Britain.
Sven E. Wilson and Clayne L. Pope (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226116181
- eISBN:
- 9780226116198
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226116198.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter investigates family and community influences on adult height using newly collected data on Union Army recruits. In addition to providing new estimates for family and community influences ...
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This chapter investigates family and community influences on adult height using newly collected data on Union Army recruits. In addition to providing new estimates for family and community influences on adult height using ordinary least squares (OLS), the analysis employs a variety of alternative specifications. It explores potential differences between urban and rural populations and across occupational categories. The analysis also estimates the model using county-level fixed effects and compares these results to the OLS equations. Finally, it estimates the main specification using quantile regression, a technique that has received increasing recognition as a method of exploring the impact of covariates on the entire conditional distribution of the dependent variable (in this case, height), rather than simply estimating the conditional mean, which is what OLS achieves.Less
This chapter investigates family and community influences on adult height using newly collected data on Union Army recruits. In addition to providing new estimates for family and community influences on adult height using ordinary least squares (OLS), the analysis employs a variety of alternative specifications. It explores potential differences between urban and rural populations and across occupational categories. The analysis also estimates the model using county-level fixed effects and compares these results to the OLS equations. Finally, it estimates the main specification using quantile regression, a technique that has received increasing recognition as a method of exploring the impact of covariates on the entire conditional distribution of the dependent variable (in this case, height), rather than simply estimating the conditional mean, which is what OLS achieves.
Shireen Moosvi
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- December 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199450541
- eISBN:
- 9780199085491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199450541.003.0017
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
The attempt to work out population estimates of the Mughal empire and, then, of India is based on two separate sets of assumptions. In the first set it is assumed that (a) the total area of ...
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The attempt to work out population estimates of the Mughal empire and, then, of India is based on two separate sets of assumptions. In the first set it is assumed that (a) the total area of cultivation in 1601 was 50 to 55 per cent of what it was in 1901, (b) the ratio of urban to rural population was 15:85, and (c) the average agricultural holding was 10 per cent larger in 1601 than in 1901. Whence population range for India, 1601: 136–50 million. The second set of assumptions is the following: (a) yield per unit of area was the same in 1601 and 1891, (b) area of land cultivated per capita also remained the same, and (c) crop-distribution also remained largely the same. These assumptions yield a population of 149.07 million for India in 1601. Putting the two estimates side by side, the chapter considers 145 million a reliable estimate of population for 1601, yielding a rate of growth of 0.21 per cent over the period 1601–1801.Less
The attempt to work out population estimates of the Mughal empire and, then, of India is based on two separate sets of assumptions. In the first set it is assumed that (a) the total area of cultivation in 1601 was 50 to 55 per cent of what it was in 1901, (b) the ratio of urban to rural population was 15:85, and (c) the average agricultural holding was 10 per cent larger in 1601 than in 1901. Whence population range for India, 1601: 136–50 million. The second set of assumptions is the following: (a) yield per unit of area was the same in 1601 and 1891, (b) area of land cultivated per capita also remained the same, and (c) crop-distribution also remained largely the same. These assumptions yield a population of 149.07 million for India in 1601. Putting the two estimates side by side, the chapter considers 145 million a reliable estimate of population for 1601, yielding a rate of growth of 0.21 per cent over the period 1601–1801.
Catherine A. Corson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300212273
- eISBN:
- 9780300225068
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300212273.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, African History
This chapter examines how negotiations among the Madagascar state, multilateral and bilateral donors, transnational conservation organizations, mining companies, and community leaders shaped the ...
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This chapter examines how negotiations among the Madagascar state, multilateral and bilateral donors, transnational conservation organizations, mining companies, and community leaders shaped the design and implementation of the System of Protected Areas in Madagascar (SAPM). In tracing the steps through which the initial protected areas were established, the chapter begins by discussing the history behind, rationale for, and negotiations around the announcement in 2003. It explores the contestations and compromises that took place in the processes of mapping, classifying, and designating resource uses in new areas. Focusing on the Ankeniheny–Zahamena and Fandriana–Vondrozo biological corridors in Madagascar's eastern rainforest, the chapter analyzes why only limited consultations with rural populations took place when these areas were established as temporary parks in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Finally, this chapter discusses the potential for the initiative to not only produce paper parks but also to catalyze increased deforestation.Less
This chapter examines how negotiations among the Madagascar state, multilateral and bilateral donors, transnational conservation organizations, mining companies, and community leaders shaped the design and implementation of the System of Protected Areas in Madagascar (SAPM). In tracing the steps through which the initial protected areas were established, the chapter begins by discussing the history behind, rationale for, and negotiations around the announcement in 2003. It explores the contestations and compromises that took place in the processes of mapping, classifying, and designating resource uses in new areas. Focusing on the Ankeniheny–Zahamena and Fandriana–Vondrozo biological corridors in Madagascar's eastern rainforest, the chapter analyzes why only limited consultations with rural populations took place when these areas were established as temporary parks in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Finally, this chapter discusses the potential for the initiative to not only produce paper parks but also to catalyze increased deforestation.
Chris Myers Asch
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807872024
- eISBN:
- 9781469603537
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807878057_asch.13
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter talks about Downtown Ruleville and how it bears a ghostlike resemblance to the bustling town center that it was in the mid-1960s. Though its population of three thousand is about 50 ...
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This chapter talks about Downtown Ruleville and how it bears a ghostlike resemblance to the bustling town center that it was in the mid-1960s. Though its population of three thousand is about 50 percent higher now than it was then, the surrounding rural population has disappeared, taking with it much of the vitality of the downtown shopping district that catered to rural customers. Vestiges of its past linger, from the digital clock above the former Bank of Ruleville to the wooden awnings that offer strolling Saturday shoppers a bit of shade. The Piggly Wiggly remains, its plastic mascot's head a relic of past grandeur that has since been eclipsed by the Super Wal-Mart and other chain stores in Cleveland, ten miles away. A handful of variety shops and liquor stores hang on, but most of the storefronts are empty, their occupants having left long ago when local businesses failed in the face of boycotts and chain store competition.Less
This chapter talks about Downtown Ruleville and how it bears a ghostlike resemblance to the bustling town center that it was in the mid-1960s. Though its population of three thousand is about 50 percent higher now than it was then, the surrounding rural population has disappeared, taking with it much of the vitality of the downtown shopping district that catered to rural customers. Vestiges of its past linger, from the digital clock above the former Bank of Ruleville to the wooden awnings that offer strolling Saturday shoppers a bit of shade. The Piggly Wiggly remains, its plastic mascot's head a relic of past grandeur that has since been eclipsed by the Super Wal-Mart and other chain stores in Cleveland, ten miles away. A handful of variety shops and liquor stores hang on, but most of the storefronts are empty, their occupants having left long ago when local businesses failed in the face of boycotts and chain store competition.
