Robert Wuthnow
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691146119
- eISBN:
- 9781400836246
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691146119.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines how the Middle West recovered from the ill effects of the Great Depression. The Great Depression was something Americans hoped they would never experience again. In the rural ...
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This chapter examines how the Middle West recovered from the ill effects of the Great Depression. The Great Depression was something Americans hoped they would never experience again. In the rural Midwest, foreclosures and sheriff's auctions were common. The worst drought years devastated the land. Dust storms blew with such intensity that crops failed and machinery broke down. World War II sparked the economy, revived agriculture, and coincided with better weather. However, the war took millions of men and women away from their families, necessitated mandatory rationing, and drove up prices. When it was over, rural communities faced continuing challenges. The chapter considers the case of Smith Center, Kansas, to illustrate the challenges rural communities faced as they overcame the setbacks of the Great Depression and prepared for the era ahead. Recovery from the Great Depression varied across middle America, but many of the dynamics evident in Smith County occurred elsewhere.Less
This chapter examines how the Middle West recovered from the ill effects of the Great Depression. The Great Depression was something Americans hoped they would never experience again. In the rural Midwest, foreclosures and sheriff's auctions were common. The worst drought years devastated the land. Dust storms blew with such intensity that crops failed and machinery broke down. World War II sparked the economy, revived agriculture, and coincided with better weather. However, the war took millions of men and women away from their families, necessitated mandatory rationing, and drove up prices. When it was over, rural communities faced continuing challenges. The chapter considers the case of Smith Center, Kansas, to illustrate the challenges rural communities faced as they overcame the setbacks of the Great Depression and prepared for the era ahead. Recovery from the Great Depression varied across middle America, but many of the dynamics evident in Smith County occurred elsewhere.
Jean‐Marie Baland and Jean‐Philippe Platteau
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198290612
- eISBN:
- 9780191601613
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198290616.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter analyses resource management by traditional rural communities. It argues that traditional rural communities are not inherently conservationists despite their ability to perceive and ...
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This chapter analyses resource management by traditional rural communities. It argues that traditional rural communities are not inherently conservationists despite their ability to perceive and solve distributive problems in the use of natural resources. They have been less efficient in preventing the depletion/degradation of common property resources because they view their natural environment and their relations with it differently from people in modern, rationalist societies.Less
This chapter analyses resource management by traditional rural communities. It argues that traditional rural communities are not inherently conservationists despite their ability to perceive and solve distributive problems in the use of natural resources. They have been less efficient in preventing the depletion/degradation of common property resources because they view their natural environment and their relations with it differently from people in modern, rationalist societies.
Robert Wuthnow
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691146119
- eISBN:
- 9781400836246
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691146119.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter reflects on the idea of an American heartland now beset with problems and how it intertwines with nostalgic visions of a better past. Both perceptions play well to the insiders who live ...
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This chapter reflects on the idea of an American heartland now beset with problems and how it intertwines with nostalgic visions of a better past. Both perceptions play well to the insiders who live in declining rural communities and to audiences who have long since pursued more glamorous lifestyles elsewhere. The chapter considers the case of Smith County, situated at the exact geographic middle of the United States: the heart of America's heartland. That America's heartland is a thing of the past is a long-standing refrain in treatments of the region. The reigning motif is nostalgia for a pastoral village-based America. The other common perspective on middle America sees the region as a social problem. The chapter argues that neither nostalgia nor an emphasis on social problems adequately captures the complexity of the social transformations that took place in America's heartland.Less
This chapter reflects on the idea of an American heartland now beset with problems and how it intertwines with nostalgic visions of a better past. Both perceptions play well to the insiders who live in declining rural communities and to audiences who have long since pursued more glamorous lifestyles elsewhere. The chapter considers the case of Smith County, situated at the exact geographic middle of the United States: the heart of America's heartland. That America's heartland is a thing of the past is a long-standing refrain in treatments of the region. The reigning motif is nostalgia for a pastoral village-based America. The other common perspective on middle America sees the region as a social problem. The chapter argues that neither nostalgia nor an emphasis on social problems adequately captures the complexity of the social transformations that took place in America's heartland.
Masahiko Aoki
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199241019
- eISBN:
- 9780191601217
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199241015.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, South and East Asia
This chapter presents a basic analytical logic of community-mechanisms from a game-theoric perspective. It formulates the basic structure of an economic domain in game form, and distinguishes between ...
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This chapter presents a basic analytical logic of community-mechanisms from a game-theoric perspective. It formulates the basic structure of an economic domain in game form, and distinguishes between exogenous rules of the game (e.g. technology, statutory law) and community norms as endogenous rules of the game. The endogenous formation of clientship or business networks that regulate exchanges in the context of initially impersonal exchange domain (random matching) is discussed. The possible roles of a community norm and structure in the transition of a rural community to contractual relationships with outsiders to the community, and those of replication of a community norm in the context of a modern industrial organization are examined.Less
This chapter presents a basic analytical logic of community-mechanisms from a game-theoric perspective. It formulates the basic structure of an economic domain in game form, and distinguishes between exogenous rules of the game (e.g. technology, statutory law) and community norms as endogenous rules of the game. The endogenous formation of clientship or business networks that regulate exchanges in the context of initially impersonal exchange domain (random matching) is discussed. The possible roles of a community norm and structure in the transition of a rural community to contractual relationships with outsiders to the community, and those of replication of a community norm in the context of a modern industrial organization are examined.
Mara Casey Tieken
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781469618487
- eISBN:
- 9781469618500
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469618487.001.0001
- Subject:
- Education, History of Education
From headlines to documentaries, urban schools are at the center of current education debates. But from these accounts, one would never know that 56 million Americans live in rural communities and ...
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From headlines to documentaries, urban schools are at the center of current education debates. But from these accounts, one would never know that 56 million Americans live in rural communities and depend on their rural public schools to meet their educational and, often, their economic and social needs. This book shares the untold narratives of rural education. Drawing upon extensive ethnographic research in two rural Southern towns, the book exposes the complicated ways in which schools shape the racial dynamics of their towns and nurture the communities that surround them. It argues that current education policies, both limiting the roles these schools play and threatening to close them, also endanger rural communities. The book issues a warning: the state's growing powers—and the current narrowing of a school's purpose to academic achievement alone—endanger rural America and undermine the potential of a school, whether rural or urban, to sustain a community. Demonstrating the effects of narrow definitions of public education in an era of economic turmoil and widening social inequality, the book calls for a more contextual approach to education policymaking, involving both state and community.Less
From headlines to documentaries, urban schools are at the center of current education debates. But from these accounts, one would never know that 56 million Americans live in rural communities and depend on their rural public schools to meet their educational and, often, their economic and social needs. This book shares the untold narratives of rural education. Drawing upon extensive ethnographic research in two rural Southern towns, the book exposes the complicated ways in which schools shape the racial dynamics of their towns and nurture the communities that surround them. It argues that current education policies, both limiting the roles these schools play and threatening to close them, also endanger rural communities. The book issues a warning: the state's growing powers—and the current narrowing of a school's purpose to academic achievement alone—endanger rural America and undermine the potential of a school, whether rural or urban, to sustain a community. Demonstrating the effects of narrow definitions of public education in an era of economic turmoil and widening social inequality, the book calls for a more contextual approach to education policymaking, involving both state and community.
Mara Casey Tieken
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781469618487
- eISBN:
- 9781469618500
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469618487.003.0008
- Subject:
- Education, History of Education
This chapter explains the fears and costs of losing a rural institution to the state. In the cases of Delight and Earle, the state seems to be misreading these rural communities, pressuring them with ...
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This chapter explains the fears and costs of losing a rural institution to the state. In the cases of Delight and Earle, the state seems to be misreading these rural communities, pressuring them with accreditations, credentials, threshold scores, curricular standards, and minimum enrollments. This process ignores the value and worth the two communities find in their schools, forcing them to provide the same programs, test scores, and enrollment numbers as the larger, more urban schools. The community of Delight and Earle both express hope for the retention of their schools.Less
This chapter explains the fears and costs of losing a rural institution to the state. In the cases of Delight and Earle, the state seems to be misreading these rural communities, pressuring them with accreditations, credentials, threshold scores, curricular standards, and minimum enrollments. This process ignores the value and worth the two communities find in their schools, forcing them to provide the same programs, test scores, and enrollment numbers as the larger, more urban schools. The community of Delight and Earle both express hope for the retention of their schools.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226772097
- eISBN:
- 9780226772127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226772127.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The second decade of the twentieth century witnessed the rise of a nationwide movement for rural school reform in America that began as a sporadic set of critiques of rural schools and concerns about ...
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The second decade of the twentieth century witnessed the rise of a nationwide movement for rural school reform in America that began as a sporadic set of critiques of rural schools and concerns about the countryside. In 1908, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed a National Country Life Commission to articulate an agenda for reform that focused on strengthening rural schools and other rural social institutions. In the years that followed, reformers worked to improve school buildings, increase school support and term length, broaden schools' rural focus and activities, turn the school into a social center, improve teaching and supervision, and make rural school administration more efficient. This chapter examines the emergence of a nationwide movement for rural school reform as a national project to strengthen rural communities against the forces of industrialization. It considers the role of professional leadership and community building in rural school reform, the consolidation and structural weaknesses of small rural schools, and the place of national rural school reform in America's system of federalism.Less
The second decade of the twentieth century witnessed the rise of a nationwide movement for rural school reform in America that began as a sporadic set of critiques of rural schools and concerns about the countryside. In 1908, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed a National Country Life Commission to articulate an agenda for reform that focused on strengthening rural schools and other rural social institutions. In the years that followed, reformers worked to improve school buildings, increase school support and term length, broaden schools' rural focus and activities, turn the school into a social center, improve teaching and supervision, and make rural school administration more efficient. This chapter examines the emergence of a nationwide movement for rural school reform as a national project to strengthen rural communities against the forces of industrialization. It considers the role of professional leadership and community building in rural school reform, the consolidation and structural weaknesses of small rural schools, and the place of national rural school reform in America's system of federalism.
Roderic Ai Camp
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199742851
- eISBN:
- 9780199866298
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199742851.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
The most important conclusion that can be reached about governors and prominent politicians who also were governors is that they have contributed significantly to diversifying the composition of ...
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The most important conclusion that can be reached about governors and prominent politicians who also were governors is that they have contributed significantly to diversifying the composition of Mexico's national political elite. It is equally important to highlight the fact that governors have distinguished themselves from other politicians before and after the democratic transition; they have played this role for many decades. Without their presence among prominent political leaders, this distortion favorable to the capital would be even more exaggerated since nine times as many politicians as governors came originally from Mexico City. A surprising increase in governors from rural communities and villages has occurred in combination with governor composition having a more diverse regional distribution. Looking at Governors from the democratic era a reverse in this decline from the pre-democratic to the democratic transition period can be seen. Finally, governors can be distinguished from other politicians in the importance of terms of informal family ties, and governors were much more likely to have come from or been related to politically active families, thus increasing the importance of social networking.Less
The most important conclusion that can be reached about governors and prominent politicians who also were governors is that they have contributed significantly to diversifying the composition of Mexico's national political elite. It is equally important to highlight the fact that governors have distinguished themselves from other politicians before and after the democratic transition; they have played this role for many decades. Without their presence among prominent political leaders, this distortion favorable to the capital would be even more exaggerated since nine times as many politicians as governors came originally from Mexico City. A surprising increase in governors from rural communities and villages has occurred in combination with governor composition having a more diverse regional distribution. Looking at Governors from the democratic era a reverse in this decline from the pre-democratic to the democratic transition period can be seen. Finally, governors can be distinguished from other politicians in the importance of terms of informal family ties, and governors were much more likely to have come from or been related to politically active families, thus increasing the importance of social networking.
Graham Gardner
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861349323
- eISBN:
- 9781447302858
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861349323.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines rural governance and community development in Great Britain under the Labour government. It argues that New Labour's concern with making rural communities more active in their ...
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This chapter examines rural governance and community development in Great Britain under the Labour government. It argues that New Labour's concern with making rural communities more active in their own governance and development reflects an ongoing transition in the governmentality of Western liberal democracies. The chapter discusses the mechanisms through which New Labour has sought to make rural communities more active in their own development and governance.Less
This chapter examines rural governance and community development in Great Britain under the Labour government. It argues that New Labour's concern with making rural communities more active in their own governance and development reflects an ongoing transition in the governmentality of Western liberal democracies. The chapter discusses the mechanisms through which New Labour has sought to make rural communities more active in their own development and governance.
Janet Galligani Casey
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195338959
- eISBN:
- 9780199867103
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195338959.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Women's Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
This chapter extends women’s engagement with rurality and modernity into the visual arena, discussing how women photographers performed and sustained their own modernness by photographing a ...
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This chapter extends women’s engagement with rurality and modernity into the visual arena, discussing how women photographers performed and sustained their own modernness by photographing a preindustrial rural other. It considers the camera as a quintessentially modern instrument, one that registers both evidence and perspective and that thereby wields enormous influence in the mediation of rurality for a modern urban audience. It analyzes closely the rural photography of two women, Doris Ulmann and Marion Post, and the philosophical attitudes—toward technology, toward visual evidence, toward rural communities—that shaped their perspectives.Less
This chapter extends women’s engagement with rurality and modernity into the visual arena, discussing how women photographers performed and sustained their own modernness by photographing a preindustrial rural other. It considers the camera as a quintessentially modern instrument, one that registers both evidence and perspective and that thereby wields enormous influence in the mediation of rurality for a modern urban audience. It analyzes closely the rural photography of two women, Doris Ulmann and Marion Post, and the philosophical attitudes—toward technology, toward visual evidence, toward rural communities—that shaped their perspectives.
Richard Pugh and Brian Cheers
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861347213
- eISBN:
- 9781447303305
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861347213.003.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter reviews five dimensions that can be used to understand and analyse the diverse contexts in which rural social work is conducted: geography, demography (ethnicity and diversity, age ...
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This chapter reviews five dimensions that can be used to understand and analyse the diverse contexts in which rural social work is conducted: geography, demography (ethnicity and diversity, age structures, and family patterns), economy, political and structural dimensions, and community. In setting out these key dimensions, the chapter highlights features that will help rural workers to think about the nature of their own local contexts, and how these might impact upon the lives of the people and communities they serve. Although there is considerable variation within and between different countries, there are some common themes that can be usefully identified from the literature and the research on rural communities. These key dimensions can also influence how practice is planned, organised, funded, and delivered, and may be used comparatively to appreciate similarities and differences between rural contexts. The final part of the chapter reviews some of the different approaches to conceptualising and studying rural communities.Less
This chapter reviews five dimensions that can be used to understand and analyse the diverse contexts in which rural social work is conducted: geography, demography (ethnicity and diversity, age structures, and family patterns), economy, political and structural dimensions, and community. In setting out these key dimensions, the chapter highlights features that will help rural workers to think about the nature of their own local contexts, and how these might impact upon the lives of the people and communities they serve. Although there is considerable variation within and between different countries, there are some common themes that can be usefully identified from the literature and the research on rural communities. These key dimensions can also influence how practice is planned, organised, funded, and delivered, and may be used comparatively to appreciate similarities and differences between rural contexts. The final part of the chapter reviews some of the different approaches to conceptualising and studying rural communities.
Norah Keating
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861349019
- eISBN:
- 9781447303299
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861349019.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
This chapter explores the main sets of findings on rural places and beliefs, the processes of ageing and on the ‘best fit’ between these places, processes and the contexts in which rural people grow ...
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This chapter explores the main sets of findings on rural places and beliefs, the processes of ageing and on the ‘best fit’ between these places, processes and the contexts in which rural people grow older. Whether rural communities are good places to grow old depends on a number of factors: on the people's place in the lifecourse, the community settings in which they live, and on the ways in which they construct their relationships to people and places. It shows that the challenges of ageing are highlighted in rural places, due to the powerful impact on identities of rural people by natural environments, climate and distance.Less
This chapter explores the main sets of findings on rural places and beliefs, the processes of ageing and on the ‘best fit’ between these places, processes and the contexts in which rural people grow older. Whether rural communities are good places to grow old depends on a number of factors: on the people's place in the lifecourse, the community settings in which they live, and on the ways in which they construct their relationships to people and places. It shows that the challenges of ageing are highlighted in rural places, due to the powerful impact on identities of rural people by natural environments, climate and distance.
Keith Wrightson and David Lavine
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203216
- eISBN:
- 9780191675799
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203216.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This book was first completed in October 1977. This postscript provides a reappraisal of some of the arguments advanced since then in the light of the discussion that they have subsequently provoked. ...
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This book was first completed in October 1977. This postscript provides a reappraisal of some of the arguments advanced since then in the light of the discussion that they have subsequently provoked. This is worth doing because whatever its limitations and deficiencies, the Terling study has influenced the discussion of English society in the later 16th and 17th centuries. Two sets of arguments in particular have been repeatedly singled out. The first relates to a specific social-structural question: the role of kinship in the structuring of social relationships in the village. The second encompasses a larger range of issues arising from what is sometimes referred to as the ‘Terling thesis’: the interpretation of the interaction of demographic, economic, social, and cultural change that runs throughout the study, and above all that part of the argument relating to the impact of religious change on social relations.Less
This book was first completed in October 1977. This postscript provides a reappraisal of some of the arguments advanced since then in the light of the discussion that they have subsequently provoked. This is worth doing because whatever its limitations and deficiencies, the Terling study has influenced the discussion of English society in the later 16th and 17th centuries. Two sets of arguments in particular have been repeatedly singled out. The first relates to a specific social-structural question: the role of kinship in the structuring of social relationships in the village. The second encompasses a larger range of issues arising from what is sometimes referred to as the ‘Terling thesis’: the interpretation of the interaction of demographic, economic, social, and cultural change that runs throughout the study, and above all that part of the argument relating to the impact of religious change on social relations.
Mara Casey Tieken
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781469618487
- eISBN:
- 9781469618500
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469618487.003.0009
- Subject:
- Education, History of Education
This chapter discusses the various policies and educational reforms that have unsettled rural communities in Arkansas. It focuses on Senator Jim Argue's view regarding district consolidation and his ...
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This chapter discusses the various policies and educational reforms that have unsettled rural communities in Arkansas. It focuses on Senator Jim Argue's view regarding district consolidation and his argument that investment in schools should be about students and not the community. Another policy arises out of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) which requires schools to test students' proficiency and report back their scores. If schools fail to make adequate yearly progress, they are subjected to harsh sanctions, such as school closure.Less
This chapter discusses the various policies and educational reforms that have unsettled rural communities in Arkansas. It focuses on Senator Jim Argue's view regarding district consolidation and his argument that investment in schools should be about students and not the community. Another policy arises out of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) which requires schools to test students' proficiency and report back their scores. If schools fail to make adequate yearly progress, they are subjected to harsh sanctions, such as school closure.
Wendy Haight, Teresa Ostler, James Black, and Linda Kingery
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195326055
- eISBN:
- 9780199864461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326055.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Communities and Organizations
This chapter provides a portrait of the impact of parental methamphetamine misuse, as seen through the eyes of a child welfare professional with over twenty-five years experience working with ...
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This chapter provides a portrait of the impact of parental methamphetamine misuse, as seen through the eyes of a child welfare professional with over twenty-five years experience working with children and families in rural Illinois. Her account of the strain on rural communities and the devastation of individuals and families make concrete the human experiences of methamphetamine misuse: the endangered child welfare professionals, devastated parents and traumatized children, and also their resilience and resourcefulness.Less
This chapter provides a portrait of the impact of parental methamphetamine misuse, as seen through the eyes of a child welfare professional with over twenty-five years experience working with children and families in rural Illinois. Her account of the strain on rural communities and the devastation of individuals and families make concrete the human experiences of methamphetamine misuse: the endangered child welfare professionals, devastated parents and traumatized children, and also their resilience and resourcefulness.
Richard Yarwood
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861349323
- eISBN:
- 9781447302858
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861349323.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter discusses policies for crime and policing in rural areas in Great Britain under the Labour government. It examines some of the contexts behind changes to Labour's policing policies and ...
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This chapter discusses policies for crime and policing in rural areas in Great Britain under the Labour government. It examines some of the contexts behind changes to Labour's policing policies and evaluates rural policing under New Labour. The chapter identifies three main phases of policy development that have had different implications for the policing of rural communities. These include a period of continuation of existing trends up to 2000, a renewed focus on rural policing problems from 2000, and a shift in emphasis from rurality to locality after 2006.Less
This chapter discusses policies for crime and policing in rural areas in Great Britain under the Labour government. It examines some of the contexts behind changes to Labour's policing policies and evaluates rural policing under New Labour. The chapter identifies three main phases of policy development that have had different implications for the policing of rural communities. These include a period of continuation of existing trends up to 2000, a renewed focus on rural policing problems from 2000, and a shift in emphasis from rurality to locality after 2006.
Eric Henderson
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195136159
- eISBN:
- 9780199863921
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195136159.003.0002
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes the areas on the eastern and western ends of the Navajo Reservation where the study was carried out. Although most Navajos still live in dispersed rural reservation ...
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This chapter describes the areas on the eastern and western ends of the Navajo Reservation where the study was carried out. Although most Navajos still live in dispersed rural reservation communities, the total number of people living in agency and border towns is now almost equal to the number of rural residents. Each type of community has a distinctive demographic and socioeconomic profile, and, in consequence, the life experiences of individuals differ depending on the type of community within which they are reared. Navajo households articulate with the wider political economy in slightly different fashions depending on such attributes as place of residence and nature of involvement in the work force. The chapter illustrates this process by focusing on the emergence of a “youth culture” or “subculture” among Navajo males, since the major concerns in this study is the importance of conduct disorder as a risk factor for subsequent alcohol dependence.Less
This chapter describes the areas on the eastern and western ends of the Navajo Reservation where the study was carried out. Although most Navajos still live in dispersed rural reservation communities, the total number of people living in agency and border towns is now almost equal to the number of rural residents. Each type of community has a distinctive demographic and socioeconomic profile, and, in consequence, the life experiences of individuals differ depending on the type of community within which they are reared. Navajo households articulate with the wider political economy in slightly different fashions depending on such attributes as place of residence and nature of involvement in the work force. The chapter illustrates this process by focusing on the emergence of a “youth culture” or “subculture” among Navajo males, since the major concerns in this study is the importance of conduct disorder as a risk factor for subsequent alcohol dependence.
Sonya Salamon
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226734125
- eISBN:
- 9780226734118
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226734118.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines the dynamics of small town-change in the U.S. and analyzes how and why rural places are transformed. It describes rural communities as being characterized by tension between ...
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This chapter examines the dynamics of small town-change in the U.S. and analyzes how and why rural places are transformed. It describes rural communities as being characterized by tension between farmers in the countryside and boosters who were owners of main-street businesses. It also highlights the role of boosterism in generating competition that spawns a town hierarchy measured by size and actual or perceived winners and losers in the unrelenting struggle for resources.Less
This chapter examines the dynamics of small town-change in the U.S. and analyzes how and why rural places are transformed. It describes rural communities as being characterized by tension between farmers in the countryside and boosters who were owners of main-street businesses. It also highlights the role of boosterism in generating competition that spawns a town hierarchy measured by size and actual or perceived winners and losers in the unrelenting struggle for resources.
Richard Pugh and Brian Cheers
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861347213
- eISBN:
- 9781447303305
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861347213.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
The social dynamics of life in small communities impact upon people's lives, their problems, and their understandings of their difficulties, as well as their views about how these might be best ...
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The social dynamics of life in small communities impact upon people's lives, their problems, and their understandings of their difficulties, as well as their views about how these might be best addressed. Social work in rural communities may not be completely distinctive from practice in urban areas, such as housing projects or encapsulated ‘urban villages’. However, because small communities are where most rural social work takes place, these social dynamics are likely to be more frequently encountered, which is why workers in rural areas need to develop an awareness of these factors and their potential significance. This chapter describes some of the key factors that operate in small communities, and shows why social workers might need to develop some understanding of gender roles, ideas of belonging and place, gossip, and social visibility and confidentiality. The latter part of the chapter looks at some of the important challenges facing workers who live and work within small communities, and draws on previously published work on dual relationships.Less
The social dynamics of life in small communities impact upon people's lives, their problems, and their understandings of their difficulties, as well as their views about how these might be best addressed. Social work in rural communities may not be completely distinctive from practice in urban areas, such as housing projects or encapsulated ‘urban villages’. However, because small communities are where most rural social work takes place, these social dynamics are likely to be more frequently encountered, which is why workers in rural areas need to develop an awareness of these factors and their potential significance. This chapter describes some of the key factors that operate in small communities, and shows why social workers might need to develop some understanding of gender roles, ideas of belonging and place, gossip, and social visibility and confidentiality. The latter part of the chapter looks at some of the important challenges facing workers who live and work within small communities, and draws on previously published work on dual relationships.
Richard Pugh and Brian Cheers
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861347213
- eISBN:
- 9781447303305
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861347213.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter examines how the processes of discrimination and differentiation may operate in rural communities. It then identifies some of the minority groups who may be found in rural areas and ...
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This chapter examines how the processes of discrimination and differentiation may operate in rural communities. It then identifies some of the minority groups who may be found in rural areas and considers their circumstances: settled black and other minority ethnic groups, Roma and travelling peoples, migrant workers, gay and lesbian groups, linguistic minorities, and asylum seekers and refugees. These accounts are indicative of general experiences and should not be taken as inevitable occurrences in the life of any given individual. This is a crucial point, as the social dynamics of small communities, as well as ‘exposing’ individuals who are perceived as different to the risks of social isolation and marginalisation, may also paradoxically provide opportunities for individual acceptance. The ways in which they are able to do this are varied, but a common factor may be the degree to which small communities provide opportunities for social contact in which individuals from minority backgrounds may be encountered and perceived in ways that free them from the stereotypical assumptions that might usually be made about people like them.Less
This chapter examines how the processes of discrimination and differentiation may operate in rural communities. It then identifies some of the minority groups who may be found in rural areas and considers their circumstances: settled black and other minority ethnic groups, Roma and travelling peoples, migrant workers, gay and lesbian groups, linguistic minorities, and asylum seekers and refugees. These accounts are indicative of general experiences and should not be taken as inevitable occurrences in the life of any given individual. This is a crucial point, as the social dynamics of small communities, as well as ‘exposing’ individuals who are perceived as different to the risks of social isolation and marginalisation, may also paradoxically provide opportunities for individual acceptance. The ways in which they are able to do this are varied, but a common factor may be the degree to which small communities provide opportunities for social contact in which individuals from minority backgrounds may be encountered and perceived in ways that free them from the stereotypical assumptions that might usually be made about people like them.
