William Taussig Scott and Martin X. Moleski
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195174335
- eISBN:
- 9780199835706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019517433X.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Fritz Haber hired Polanyi to work in the Fiber Chemistry Group of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin. Polanyi helped develop the rotating-crystal method of X-ray crystallography, made solid ...
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Fritz Haber hired Polanyi to work in the Fiber Chemistry Group of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin. Polanyi helped develop the rotating-crystal method of X-ray crystallography, made solid contributions to understanding the structure of cellulose, pressed forward with his work on adsorption catalysis and electrostatic dipoles, laid the foundation for transition rate theory in reaction kinetics, and investigated the bond strength of crystals; he was also forced to give up a cherished theory about quantum jumps in reaction kinetics, which taught him an important lesson about how scientists work together to distinguish real discoveries from mistaken surmises. Polanyi married Magda Kemeny on February 21, 1921, in a civil ceremony; their first child, George Michael Polanyi, was born on October 1, 1922.Less
Fritz Haber hired Polanyi to work in the Fiber Chemistry Group of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin. Polanyi helped develop the rotating-crystal method of X-ray crystallography, made solid contributions to understanding the structure of cellulose, pressed forward with his work on adsorption catalysis and electrostatic dipoles, laid the foundation for transition rate theory in reaction kinetics, and investigated the bond strength of crystals; he was also forced to give up a cherished theory about quantum jumps in reaction kinetics, which taught him an important lesson about how scientists work together to distinguish real discoveries from mistaken surmises. Polanyi married Magda Kemeny on February 21, 1921, in a civil ceremony; their first child, George Michael Polanyi, was born on October 1, 1922.
André Authier
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199659845
- eISBN:
- 9780191748219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659845.003.0007
- Subject:
- Physics, Crystallography: Physics
This chapter relates the first steps of X-ray crystallography in 1913. It starts with a brief account of the flock of experiments in England and Germany, prompted by Bragg’s experiment with mica. It ...
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This chapter relates the first steps of X-ray crystallography in 1913. It starts with a brief account of the flock of experiments in England and Germany, prompted by Bragg’s experiment with mica. It then tells how Wulff, Laue himself, Ewald, and Friedel interpreted Laue’s relations in terms of the reflection by a set of lattice planes. Laue admitted his early misconceptions and gave a correct interpretation of Friedrich and Knipping’s experiment. The chapter proceeds on with Terada’s and Nishikawa’s early experiments in Japan, and de Broglie’s experiments in France. In England, W. H. Bragg developed the ionization spectrometer, and W. L. Bragg made the first crystal structure determinations. Moseley determined the high-frequency spectra of the elements and established its relations with the atomic numbers. In Zürich, Debye derived the influence of thermal agitation on the intensity of diffracted intensities. In France, de Broglie introduced the rotating crystal method, and Friedel related X-ray diffraction and crystal symmetry. In the United States, the first X-ray spectrometer was built in 1914.Less
This chapter relates the first steps of X-ray crystallography in 1913. It starts with a brief account of the flock of experiments in England and Germany, prompted by Bragg’s experiment with mica. It then tells how Wulff, Laue himself, Ewald, and Friedel interpreted Laue’s relations in terms of the reflection by a set of lattice planes. Laue admitted his early misconceptions and gave a correct interpretation of Friedrich and Knipping’s experiment. The chapter proceeds on with Terada’s and Nishikawa’s early experiments in Japan, and de Broglie’s experiments in France. In England, W. H. Bragg developed the ionization spectrometer, and W. L. Bragg made the first crystal structure determinations. Moseley determined the high-frequency spectra of the elements and established its relations with the atomic numbers. In Zürich, Debye derived the influence of thermal agitation on the intensity of diffracted intensities. In France, de Broglie introduced the rotating crystal method, and Friedel related X-ray diffraction and crystal symmetry. In the United States, the first X-ray spectrometer was built in 1914.
