Susan Boynton
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199754595
- eISBN:
- 9780199918850
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199754595.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This book demonstrates the singular importance of medieval music in an eighteenth-century vision of Spanish culture and national identity. From 1750 to 1755, the Jesuit Andrés Marcos Burriel ...
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This book demonstrates the singular importance of medieval music in an eighteenth-century vision of Spanish culture and national identity. From 1750 to 1755, the Jesuit Andrés Marcos Burriel (1719–1762) and the calligrapher Francisco Xavier Santiago y Palomares (1728–1796) worked in Toledo Cathedral for the Royal Commission on the Archives, which was formed to obtain evidence for the royal patronage of church benefices in Spain. With Burriel as director, the Commission transcribed not only archival documents, but also manuscripts of canon law, history, literature, and liturgy, in order to write a new ecclesiastical history of Spain. At the center of this ambitious project of cultural nationalism stood the medieval manuscripts of the Old Hispanic rite, specifically those associated with the Mozarabs of Toledo. Burriel was the first to realize that these manuscripts differed significantly from the early-modern editions of the Mozarabic rite. In collaboration with Burriel, Palomares expertly copied the script and notation of the manuscripts, producing a parchment facsimile that was presented to King Ferdinand VI of Spain, as well as a copy (dedicated to Bárbara de Braganza) of the Toledo codex of the Cantigas de Santa Maria. For both men, this silent music was invaluable as a graphic legacy of Spain’s past. While many historians in the Spanish Enlightenment articulated the idea of the modern nation through the study of the Middle Ages, Burriel and Palomares are exceptional for their treatment of musical notation as an object of historical study and their conception of music as an integral part of history.Less
This book demonstrates the singular importance of medieval music in an eighteenth-century vision of Spanish culture and national identity. From 1750 to 1755, the Jesuit Andrés Marcos Burriel (1719–1762) and the calligrapher Francisco Xavier Santiago y Palomares (1728–1796) worked in Toledo Cathedral for the Royal Commission on the Archives, which was formed to obtain evidence for the royal patronage of church benefices in Spain. With Burriel as director, the Commission transcribed not only archival documents, but also manuscripts of canon law, history, literature, and liturgy, in order to write a new ecclesiastical history of Spain. At the center of this ambitious project of cultural nationalism stood the medieval manuscripts of the Old Hispanic rite, specifically those associated with the Mozarabs of Toledo. Burriel was the first to realize that these manuscripts differed significantly from the early-modern editions of the Mozarabic rite. In collaboration with Burriel, Palomares expertly copied the script and notation of the manuscripts, producing a parchment facsimile that was presented to King Ferdinand VI of Spain, as well as a copy (dedicated to Bárbara de Braganza) of the Toledo codex of the Cantigas de Santa Maria. For both men, this silent music was invaluable as a graphic legacy of Spain’s past. While many historians in the Spanish Enlightenment articulated the idea of the modern nation through the study of the Middle Ages, Burriel and Palomares are exceptional for their treatment of musical notation as an object of historical study and their conception of music as an integral part of history.
Nikki Bado-Fralick
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195166453
- eISBN:
- 9780199835799
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195166450.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This book offers an ethnographic study of the initiation ritual practiced by one coven of Witches located in Ohio. As a High Priestess within the coven as well as a scholar of religion, the author of ...
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This book offers an ethnographic study of the initiation ritual practiced by one coven of Witches located in Ohio. As a High Priestess within the coven as well as a scholar of religion, the author of this book is in a unique position to contribute to our understanding of this ceremony and the tradition to which it belongs. The book's analysis of this coven's initiation ceremony offers an important challenge to the commonly accepted model of “rites of passage.” Rather than a single linear event, initiation is deeply embedded within a total process of becoming a Witch in practice and in community with others. This book expands our concept of initiation while giving us insight into one coven's practice of Wicca and introduces readers to the contemporary nature religion variously called Wicca, Witchcraft, the Old Religion, or the Craft.Less
This book offers an ethnographic study of the initiation ritual practiced by one coven of Witches located in Ohio. As a High Priestess within the coven as well as a scholar of religion, the author of this book is in a unique position to contribute to our understanding of this ceremony and the tradition to which it belongs. The book's analysis of this coven's initiation ceremony offers an important challenge to the commonly accepted model of “rites of passage.” Rather than a single linear event, initiation is deeply embedded within a total process of becoming a Witch in practice and in community with others. This book expands our concept of initiation while giving us insight into one coven's practice of Wicca and introduces readers to the contemporary nature religion variously called Wicca, Witchcraft, the Old Religion, or the Craft.
Saul M. Olyan
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199264865
- eISBN:
- 9780191698996
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264865.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This book offers an analysis of the ritual dimensions of biblical mourning rites. It also seeks to illuminate mourning's social dimensions through engagement with anthropological discussion of ...
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This book offers an analysis of the ritual dimensions of biblical mourning rites. It also seeks to illuminate mourning's social dimensions through engagement with anthropological discussion of mourning, from Hertz and van Gennep to contemporaries such as Metcalf and Huntington and Bloch and Parry. The book identifies four types of biblical mourning, and argues that mourning the dead is paradigmatic. It investigates why mourning can occur among petitioners in a sanctuary setting even given mourning's death associations; why certain texts proscribe some mourning rites (laceration and shaving) but not others; and why the mixing of the rites of mourning and rejoicing, normally incompatible, occurs in the same ritual in several biblical texts.Less
This book offers an analysis of the ritual dimensions of biblical mourning rites. It also seeks to illuminate mourning's social dimensions through engagement with anthropological discussion of mourning, from Hertz and van Gennep to contemporaries such as Metcalf and Huntington and Bloch and Parry. The book identifies four types of biblical mourning, and argues that mourning the dead is paradigmatic. It investigates why mourning can occur among petitioners in a sanctuary setting even given mourning's death associations; why certain texts proscribe some mourning rites (laceration and shaving) but not others; and why the mixing of the rites of mourning and rejoicing, normally incompatible, occurs in the same ritual in several biblical texts.
Loriliai Biernacki
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195327823
- eISBN:
- 9780199785520
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327823.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
The role of women and ideas of gender are fundamental components of all religious traditions. Tantric traditions in particular offer a unique perspective on women's participation in religious ...
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The role of women and ideas of gender are fundamental components of all religious traditions. Tantric traditions in particular offer a unique perspective on women's participation in religious traditions since they frequently incorporate worship of Goddesses, along with ordinary women as participants in religious rites. This book examines the representations of women within Tantra using a case study of a selection of Hindu Tantric texts from the fifteenth through eighteenth centuries in Northeast India. Arguing for a nuanced perspective of women in Tantra, this book presents evidence for women's enhanced status in some traditions of Tantra, with women in the roles of guru and initiate. This book also addresses images of women within the Tantric rite of sexual union, arguing for multiple versions and motivations for this notorious practice. Especially this book addresses issues of discourse and speech, women's speech and speech about women, suggesting the imbrication of women's bodies within ideas of women's speech. This book examines a number of Tantric texts that have so far not been translated into Western languages. One appendix delineates the historical context for fifteenth through eighteenth century in the Northeast region of India and also surveys images of women found across a wide range of Tantric texts. The second appendix gives a chapter by chapter synopsis of the primary text used for this study, the Bṭhannīla Tantra, “The Great Blue Tantra,” a long and so far untranslated Tantric text.Less
The role of women and ideas of gender are fundamental components of all religious traditions. Tantric traditions in particular offer a unique perspective on women's participation in religious traditions since they frequently incorporate worship of Goddesses, along with ordinary women as participants in religious rites. This book examines the representations of women within Tantra using a case study of a selection of Hindu Tantric texts from the fifteenth through eighteenth centuries in Northeast India. Arguing for a nuanced perspective of women in Tantra, this book presents evidence for women's enhanced status in some traditions of Tantra, with women in the roles of guru and initiate. This book also addresses images of women within the Tantric rite of sexual union, arguing for multiple versions and motivations for this notorious practice. Especially this book addresses issues of discourse and speech, women's speech and speech about women, suggesting the imbrication of women's bodies within ideas of women's speech. This book examines a number of Tantric texts that have so far not been translated into Western languages. One appendix delineates the historical context for fifteenth through eighteenth century in the Northeast region of India and also surveys images of women found across a wide range of Tantric texts. The second appendix gives a chapter by chapter synopsis of the primary text used for this study, the Bṭhannīla Tantra, “The Great Blue Tantra,” a long and so far untranslated Tantric text.
Loriliai Biernacki
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195327823
- eISBN:
- 9780199785520
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327823.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This chapter addresses women's roles and attitudes toward women in the Tantric rite of sexual union. This chapter also addresses the problem of the relation between sex represented in a text and the ...
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This chapter addresses women's roles and attitudes toward women in the Tantric rite of sexual union. This chapter also addresses the problem of the relation between sex represented in a text and the question of whether “anyone ever really did this.” What does it mean to portray a rite involving sex in a textual source? This chapter explores the discourse around women's bodies and how identity is enacted through sex and language—and language about sex. Key in this version of the rite is that it rejects a notion of ascetic mastery over the body and women. This is coded in the rite gesturally, in the ways that bodies act in relation to one another, and iterated conceptually in the philosophical “secret” behind the Tantric rite of sexual union—that, contrary to normative understanding of the feminine as matter, the Tantric “secret” is that the feminine principle is spirit, soul and essence.Less
This chapter addresses women's roles and attitudes toward women in the Tantric rite of sexual union. This chapter also addresses the problem of the relation between sex represented in a text and the question of whether “anyone ever really did this.” What does it mean to portray a rite involving sex in a textual source? This chapter explores the discourse around women's bodies and how identity is enacted through sex and language—and language about sex. Key in this version of the rite is that it rejects a notion of ascetic mastery over the body and women. This is coded in the rite gesturally, in the ways that bodies act in relation to one another, and iterated conceptually in the philosophical “secret” behind the Tantric rite of sexual union—that, contrary to normative understanding of the feminine as matter, the Tantric “secret” is that the feminine principle is spirit, soul and essence.
Joseph Epes Brown and Emily Cousins
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195138757
- eISBN:
- 9780199871759
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195138757.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter focuses on the unity of experience in Native American religious traditions. Native American traditions stress a unity of experience. Where such traditions are still alive and spiritually ...
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This chapter focuses on the unity of experience in Native American religious traditions. Native American traditions stress a unity of experience. Where such traditions are still alive and spiritually viable, the dimension and expression of the sacred is present in all of life's necessary activities. When the elements of time, place, language, art, and the metaphysics of nature come together, however, as they do in ritual activities, the experience of the sacred is intensified. The three cumulative possibilities that must be accomplished by spiritually effective rites: purification, expansion, and identity are mentioned, as are initiation rites, and humor in Native American rites.Less
This chapter focuses on the unity of experience in Native American religious traditions. Native American traditions stress a unity of experience. Where such traditions are still alive and spiritually viable, the dimension and expression of the sacred is present in all of life's necessary activities. When the elements of time, place, language, art, and the metaphysics of nature come together, however, as they do in ritual activities, the experience of the sacred is intensified. The three cumulative possibilities that must be accomplished by spiritually effective rites: purification, expansion, and identity are mentioned, as are initiation rites, and humor in Native American rites.
Antony Black
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199281695
- eISBN:
- 9780191713101
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199281695.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The theory of the Mandate of Heaven implied a single monarch who, as Son of Heaven, rules for the benefit of the people. His mandate depends upon his virtue. Confucius taught that the well-being of ...
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The theory of the Mandate of Heaven implied a single monarch who, as Son of Heaven, rules for the benefit of the people. His mandate depends upon his virtue. Confucius taught that the well-being of society depended upon the reintroduction of traditional ethics (‘the rites’) and ‘humaneness’ (ren). People should be ruled by education and persuasion. The noble person should devote himself to public service. Rulers should only appoint worthy people to office. Ministers may admonish the ruler, and, if ignored, should retire from office. Mozi, on the other hand, rejected the traditional hierarchy and ethics altogether, and taught ‘universal love’. Others (‘Legalists’) recommended rule by coercion and command, exclusive devotion to agriculture and warfare, and realpolitik. Han Feizi combined this with the ‘inactive’ ruler, to suggest a new kind of monarchy governing exclusively through law and bureaucracy. The unified empire was achieved by violent realpolitik, but sustained by Confucian ideology.Less
The theory of the Mandate of Heaven implied a single monarch who, as Son of Heaven, rules for the benefit of the people. His mandate depends upon his virtue. Confucius taught that the well-being of society depended upon the reintroduction of traditional ethics (‘the rites’) and ‘humaneness’ (ren). People should be ruled by education and persuasion. The noble person should devote himself to public service. Rulers should only appoint worthy people to office. Ministers may admonish the ruler, and, if ignored, should retire from office. Mozi, on the other hand, rejected the traditional hierarchy and ethics altogether, and taught ‘universal love’. Others (‘Legalists’) recommended rule by coercion and command, exclusive devotion to agriculture and warfare, and realpolitik. Han Feizi combined this with the ‘inactive’ ruler, to suggest a new kind of monarchy governing exclusively through law and bureaucracy. The unified empire was achieved by violent realpolitik, but sustained by Confucian ideology.
Letizia Paoli
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195157246
- eISBN:
- 9780199943982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195157246.003.0020
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
Cosa Nostra and the 'Ndrangheta gain much of their strength through reliance on a premodern contractual form. On entering a mafia family, the new member underwrites what Max Weber called a “status ...
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Cosa Nostra and the 'Ndrangheta gain much of their strength through reliance on a premodern contractual form. On entering a mafia family, the new member underwrites what Max Weber called a “status contract,” which is also a “fraternization contract,” as the members of a mafia cosca are obliged to consider themselves brothers. The key value of the mafia subuniverse of meaning—that set of cultural codes, rituals, and norms through which mafia associations justify their existence and impose a new status on their associates—is honor. The ceremony of mafia initiation is comprised of the three phases making up a rite of passage: “separation,” “transition,” and “incorporation.” Mafia initiation rites are not only rites of passage. By solemnly staging the stepping over of a line establishing a fundamental division in the social order, the ceremonies of mafia affiliation are also “rites of institution.” Though real life is often very different, relationships among Cosa Nostra and 'Ndrangheta associates are prescriptively a form of communitas.Less
Cosa Nostra and the 'Ndrangheta gain much of their strength through reliance on a premodern contractual form. On entering a mafia family, the new member underwrites what Max Weber called a “status contract,” which is also a “fraternization contract,” as the members of a mafia cosca are obliged to consider themselves brothers. The key value of the mafia subuniverse of meaning—that set of cultural codes, rituals, and norms through which mafia associations justify their existence and impose a new status on their associates—is honor. The ceremony of mafia initiation is comprised of the three phases making up a rite of passage: “separation,” “transition,” and “incorporation.” Mafia initiation rites are not only rites of passage. By solemnly staging the stepping over of a line establishing a fundamental division in the social order, the ceremonies of mafia affiliation are also “rites of institution.” Though real life is often very different, relationships among Cosa Nostra and 'Ndrangheta associates are prescriptively a form of communitas.
Trent Pomplun
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195377866
- eISBN:
- 9780199869466
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377866.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter follows Desideri back to India after church authorities have informed him that he must cede the Tibetan mission to the Capuchins. Since scholars of Desideri have often seen him as a ...
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This chapter follows Desideri back to India after church authorities have informed him that he must cede the Tibetan mission to the Capuchins. Since scholars of Desideri have often seen him as a practitioner of the Jesuit missiological method of “accommodation” or “inculturation” promoted by the Jesuits Matteo Ricci and Roberto de Nobili, this account will dwell on the politics underlying the Chinese and Malabar Rites controversies. By following the various trails that branch from the battle between Desideri and the Capuchins, the reader will be led into the underbelly of these controversies, the cloak and dagger world of Jesuit espionage, and all manner of early modern bureaucratic machinations.Less
This chapter follows Desideri back to India after church authorities have informed him that he must cede the Tibetan mission to the Capuchins. Since scholars of Desideri have often seen him as a practitioner of the Jesuit missiological method of “accommodation” or “inculturation” promoted by the Jesuits Matteo Ricci and Roberto de Nobili, this account will dwell on the politics underlying the Chinese and Malabar Rites controversies. By following the various trails that branch from the battle between Desideri and the Capuchins, the reader will be led into the underbelly of these controversies, the cloak and dagger world of Jesuit espionage, and all manner of early modern bureaucratic machinations.
Rebecca Maloy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195315172
- eISBN:
- 9780199776252
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195315172.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition, History, Western
This chapter begins with an introduction to the problems examined in subsequent chapters and the methodologies employed to address them. Next is a review of sources of information about the offertory ...
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This chapter begins with an introduction to the problems examined in subsequent chapters and the methodologies employed to address them. Next is a review of sources of information about the offertory rite and its chant, with a particular focus on the Ordines Romani and passages relevant for1 its performance. In the Roman rite, the performance lasted only as long as was needed to cover the liturgical actions, suggesting that verses were inconsistently performed. These circumstances offer a possible explanation for the instability of offertory verses.Less
This chapter begins with an introduction to the problems examined in subsequent chapters and the methodologies employed to address them. Next is a review of sources of information about the offertory rite and its chant, with a particular focus on the Ordines Romani and passages relevant for1 its performance. In the Roman rite, the performance lasted only as long as was needed to cover the liturgical actions, suggesting that verses were inconsistently performed. These circumstances offer a possible explanation for the instability of offertory verses.
Thomas B. Dozeman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195367331
- eISBN:
- 9780199867417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367331.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter interprets the nature of holiness from three different perspectives. First, the research of M. Eliade is used to holiness as an essential characteristic of God. The root meaning of ...
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This chapter interprets the nature of holiness from three different perspectives. First, the research of M. Eliade is used to holiness as an essential characteristic of God. The root meaning of holiness, separation, gives rise to the distinction between the sacred and the profane. Second it explores the important role of sanctuaries for relating the sacred and the profane in religious experience, using A. van Gennep's insight that the ordained must undergo a rite of passage to work within the realm of the sacred. Third, the research of R. Otto and J. Milgrom is used to investigate two theories of holiness (as a dynamic power and as a ritual resource), that inform all biblical theologies of ordination.Less
This chapter interprets the nature of holiness from three different perspectives. First, the research of M. Eliade is used to holiness as an essential characteristic of God. The root meaning of holiness, separation, gives rise to the distinction between the sacred and the profane. Second it explores the important role of sanctuaries for relating the sacred and the profane in religious experience, using A. van Gennep's insight that the ordained must undergo a rite of passage to work within the realm of the sacred. Third, the research of R. Otto and J. Milgrom is used to investigate two theories of holiness (as a dynamic power and as a ritual resource), that inform all biblical theologies of ordination.
Thomas B. Dozeman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195367331
- eISBN:
- 9780199867417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367331.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Here I interpret the role of Moses in Torah as personifying the authority of ordination, characterized as the Mosaic Office. The section “The Mosaic Office in Torah” clarifies the corporate nature of ...
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Here I interpret the role of Moses in Torah as personifying the authority of ordination, characterized as the Mosaic Office. The section “The Mosaic Office in Torah” clarifies the corporate nature of the story of Moses as the model for ordination in ancient Israel. “The Mosaic Office as a Rite of Passage” describes the character of religious leadership in Torah, contrasting the leadership of the ordained to the heroic idealization of kings in the ancient world. “The Call to Ordination and the Two Theories of Holiness” probes the nature of religious experience embedded in the story of Moses, providing guidelines for discerning a call to ordination.Less
Here I interpret the role of Moses in Torah as personifying the authority of ordination, characterized as the Mosaic Office. The section “The Mosaic Office in Torah” clarifies the corporate nature of the story of Moses as the model for ordination in ancient Israel. “The Mosaic Office as a Rite of Passage” describes the character of religious leadership in Torah, contrasting the leadership of the ordained to the heroic idealization of kings in the ancient world. “The Call to Ordination and the Two Theories of Holiness” probes the nature of religious experience embedded in the story of Moses, providing guidelines for discerning a call to ordination.
Susan Niditch
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195181142
- eISBN:
- 9780199869671
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181142.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter provides an overview of methodological approaches used in the book and briefly introduces the culture and history of ancient Israel. The methodology is both cross-cultural and ...
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This chapter provides an overview of methodological approaches used in the book and briefly introduces the culture and history of ancient Israel. The methodology is both cross-cultural and interdisciplinary, and important to the study are verbal and nonverbal forms of cultural expression that feature portrayals of hair. Treatments of hair in African art provide an excellent model for the exploration of hair in ancient Near Eastern art, including works produced in Egypt, Assyria, Persia, and ancient Israel. The contributions of anthropologists, sociologists, art historians, and scholars of religion also frame the work, including Victor Turner’s observations about rites of passages, Gananath Obeyesekere’s emphasis on the emotional, personal, and psychological roots and dimensions of embodied symbols, and Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Margaret Lock’s examination of “the social body” and “the body politic.”Less
This chapter provides an overview of methodological approaches used in the book and briefly introduces the culture and history of ancient Israel. The methodology is both cross-cultural and interdisciplinary, and important to the study are verbal and nonverbal forms of cultural expression that feature portrayals of hair. Treatments of hair in African art provide an excellent model for the exploration of hair in ancient Near Eastern art, including works produced in Egypt, Assyria, Persia, and ancient Israel. The contributions of anthropologists, sociologists, art historians, and scholars of religion also frame the work, including Victor Turner’s observations about rites of passages, Gananath Obeyesekere’s emphasis on the emotional, personal, and psychological roots and dimensions of embodied symbols, and Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Margaret Lock’s examination of “the social body” and “the body politic.”
D. Dennis Hudson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195369229
- eISBN:
- 9780199871162
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369229.003.0020
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
The south‐facing panels represent afternoon moving toward twilight, a time of ambiguity, contradiction, and paradox. Bharata's ambiguous and compromised history told in Book Nine of the Bhagavata ...
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The south‐facing panels represent afternoon moving toward twilight, a time of ambiguity, contradiction, and paradox. Bharata's ambiguous and compromised history told in Book Nine of the Bhagavata Purana may be described as written in “language in the manner of twilight.” The first corner panel depicts Dattatreya with Soma and Durvasas, and assumes knowledge of the Ramayana and Mahabharata; it signifies the tejas of Aniruddha the Unobstructed. In the other corner panel Mohini serves the devas amrita as the asuras watch; tantric rites using the “five m's” are referenced. Two of the bracketed panels illustrate Krishna's long “Summary of the Brahman Doctrine”: Krishna teaches Uddhava at Dvaraka, and Dattatreya as an avadhuta teaches Yadu. The latter alludes to the stories of Taravaloka and Vessantara. The next panel depicts Prahlada worshiping Man‐lion; the meaning of Sudarshana, the wheel‐weapon that embodies Shakti's will, is explored. The “Man‐lion Consecration” is implied. Finally, the Goddess Earth worships Boar, who rescued her from Hiranyaksha.Less
The south‐facing panels represent afternoon moving toward twilight, a time of ambiguity, contradiction, and paradox. Bharata's ambiguous and compromised history told in Book Nine of the Bhagavata Purana may be described as written in “language in the manner of twilight.” The first corner panel depicts Dattatreya with Soma and Durvasas, and assumes knowledge of the Ramayana and Mahabharata; it signifies the tejas of Aniruddha the Unobstructed. In the other corner panel Mohini serves the devas amrita as the asuras watch; tantric rites using the “five m's” are referenced. Two of the bracketed panels illustrate Krishna's long “Summary of the Brahman Doctrine”: Krishna teaches Uddhava at Dvaraka, and Dattatreya as an avadhuta teaches Yadu. The latter alludes to the stories of Taravaloka and Vessantara. The next panel depicts Prahlada worshiping Man‐lion; the meaning of Sudarshana, the wheel‐weapon that embodies Shakti's will, is explored. The “Man‐lion Consecration” is implied. Finally, the Goddess Earth worships Boar, who rescued her from Hiranyaksha.
Stephen J. Davis
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199258628
- eISBN:
- 9780191718052
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199258628.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter examines Egyptian liturgical rites and Christological elements in Coptic worship. While the primary focus will be on Eucharistic invocations, the chapter will also look at how the ...
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This chapter examines Egyptian liturgical rites and Christological elements in Coptic worship. While the primary focus will be on Eucharistic invocations, the chapter will also look at how the recitation of saints' names and stories functioned as crucial metaphors for christological participation within the Egyptian mass. It is argued that the intersecting ritual domains of Coptic liturgy and hagiography comprised a set of practices through which the doctrine of the Incarnation was not only communicated, but also re-enacted or performed.Less
This chapter examines Egyptian liturgical rites and Christological elements in Coptic worship. While the primary focus will be on Eucharistic invocations, the chapter will also look at how the recitation of saints' names and stories functioned as crucial metaphors for christological participation within the Egyptian mass. It is argued that the intersecting ritual domains of Coptic liturgy and hagiography comprised a set of practices through which the doctrine of the Incarnation was not only communicated, but also re-enacted or performed.
Mary Douglas
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199265237
- eISBN:
- 9780191602054
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199265232.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
Continues the argument advanced in the first chapter on the anxiety of the Pentateuch's priestly editors about the solidarity between Judah and the descendants of Joseph's sons Ephraim and Manasseh. ...
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Continues the argument advanced in the first chapter on the anxiety of the Pentateuch's priestly editors about the solidarity between Judah and the descendants of Joseph's sons Ephraim and Manasseh. It addresses the concept of the Day of Atonement, which in the post‐exilic period was associated with Joseph, and is found in the Book of Jubilees, where the ceremony is described as a sin‐offering of a goat. The different sections of the chapter look at the conflicting meanings attached to the ceremony of the scapegoat (or goats) offering – fraternal reconciliation versus unbrotherly rejection. They discuss: the meaning of the ‘scapegoat’; Greek and Hebrew manifestations of the ceremony; scapegoat rituals around the world, the levitical purification ceremony – including the interpretation of the word Azazal (here viewed as the goat that is chosen to be presented to God alive and is then sent away, in contrast to that chosen as the sacrificial sin‐offering); Aaron's sacrifices of atonement; the need for transfer of the sins of Israel to an animal; the bearing of sin by an animal, the punishment of the sin‐bearing animal by exile; the parallels of the goat rites with the rites of two birds in Leviticus and with the stories of two brothers with uneven destinies (Isaac and Ishmael, and Jacob and Esau) in Genesis; and parallels between the assigning of the scapegoat and the commissioning of the Levites or the commissioning of Joshua by Moses in Numbers. The author argues that not much is left of the idea levitical scapegoating ceremony, and suggests that the priestly editors covered up their deep interest in politics and morals by writing in parables but dramatizing their teaching in vivid rituals.Less
Continues the argument advanced in the first chapter on the anxiety of the Pentateuch's priestly editors about the solidarity between Judah and the descendants of Joseph's sons Ephraim and Manasseh. It addresses the concept of the Day of Atonement, which in the post‐exilic period was associated with Joseph, and is found in the Book of Jubilees, where the ceremony is described as a sin‐offering of a goat. The different sections of the chapter look at the conflicting meanings attached to the ceremony of the scapegoat (or goats) offering – fraternal reconciliation versus unbrotherly rejection. They discuss: the meaning of the ‘scapegoat’; Greek and Hebrew manifestations of the ceremony; scapegoat rituals around the world, the levitical purification ceremony – including the interpretation of the word Azazal (here viewed as the goat that is chosen to be presented to God alive and is then sent away, in contrast to that chosen as the sacrificial sin‐offering); Aaron's sacrifices of atonement; the need for transfer of the sins of Israel to an animal; the bearing of sin by an animal, the punishment of the sin‐bearing animal by exile; the parallels of the goat rites with the rites of two birds in Leviticus and with the stories of two brothers with uneven destinies (Isaac and Ishmael, and Jacob and Esau) in Genesis; and parallels between the assigning of the scapegoat and the commissioning of the Levites or the commissioning of Joshua by Moses in Numbers. The author argues that not much is left of the idea levitical scapegoating ceremony, and suggests that the priestly editors covered up their deep interest in politics and morals by writing in parables but dramatizing their teaching in vivid rituals.
Robbi E. Davis-Floyd
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520229327
- eISBN:
- 9780520927216
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520229327.003.0011
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on childbirth in the U.S. It shows that the pregnancy/childbirth process has been culturally transformed into a male-dominated initiatory rite of ...
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This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on childbirth in the U.S. It shows that the pregnancy/childbirth process has been culturally transformed into a male-dominated initiatory rite of passage through which birth women are taught about the superiority and necessity of the relationship between science, technology, patriarchy, and institutions. It contends that the salvation of society which seeks to deny women their power as birth-givers will arise from the women who, nevertheless, give that society birth.Less
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on childbirth in the U.S. It shows that the pregnancy/childbirth process has been culturally transformed into a male-dominated initiatory rite of passage through which birth women are taught about the superiority and necessity of the relationship between science, technology, patriarchy, and institutions. It contends that the salvation of society which seeks to deny women their power as birth-givers will arise from the women who, nevertheless, give that society birth.
Douglas J. Davies
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195369786
- eISBN:
- 9780199871292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369786.003.009
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter applies the analytical insights of Paul Tillich and William Whyte to the revelatory production of Joseph Smith. These choices are intended to further the project of an interdisciplinary, ...
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This chapter applies the analytical insights of Paul Tillich and William Whyte to the revelatory production of Joseph Smith. These choices are intended to further the project of an interdisciplinary, rather than provincial or academically ghettoized, approach to Mormon Studies. Specifically, the chapter considers the traumas of the young Smith, the psychodrama of his First Vision, and echoes of both in the Gethsemane theology Smith developed. The courage that is revealed in these contexts is embodied by Joseph Smith personally and institutionally in such forms as vicarious baptism, and counter-cultural practices like plural marriage. Finally, the chapter explores the paradox of the LDS emphasis on both courageous individualism in a church that makes corporate belonging and corporate rites salvifically indispensable.Less
This chapter applies the analytical insights of Paul Tillich and William Whyte to the revelatory production of Joseph Smith. These choices are intended to further the project of an interdisciplinary, rather than provincial or academically ghettoized, approach to Mormon Studies. Specifically, the chapter considers the traumas of the young Smith, the psychodrama of his First Vision, and echoes of both in the Gethsemane theology Smith developed. The courage that is revealed in these contexts is embodied by Joseph Smith personally and institutionally in such forms as vicarious baptism, and counter-cultural practices like plural marriage. Finally, the chapter explores the paradox of the LDS emphasis on both courageous individualism in a church that makes corporate belonging and corporate rites salvifically indispensable.
Eugene Y. Park
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781503602083
- eISBN:
- 9781503607231
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503602083.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This book seeks a better understanding of the politics, society, and culture of early-modern Korea by tracing and narrating the history of the descendants of the Koryŏ dynasty (918–1392). Decades ...
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This book seeks a better understanding of the politics, society, and culture of early-modern Korea by tracing and narrating the history of the descendants of the Koryŏ dynasty (918–1392). Decades after persecution that virtually exterminated the former royals, the Kaesŏng Wang, the Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910) sought to bolster its legitimacy as the successor of Koryŏ. Emulating Chinese historical precedents, by the mid-fifteenth century, Chosŏn had rehabilitated the surviving Wangs. Contrary to the popular assumption that the Wangs remained politically marginalized, many fared well. The most privileged among them won the patronage of the Chosŏn court for which they performed ancestral rites in honor of certain Koryŏ rulers as selected by Chosŏn, passed government service examinations, attained prestigious offices, commanded armies, and constituted elite lineages throughout Korea. As members of a revived aristocratic descent group, the Kaesŏng Wang were committed to Confucian cultural and moral norms, at the heart of which was a subject’s loyalty to the ruler—the Chosŏn monarch. At the same time, Chosŏn increasingly honored Koryŏ loyalists and legacies. An emerging body of subversive narratives, both written and oral, articulated sympathy toward the Wangs as victims of the tumultuous politics of the Koryŏ-Chosŏn dynastic change, although the Wangs themselves steered clear of this discourse until after Japan’s abolition of the Chosŏn monarchy in 1910. Forces of modernity such as imperialism, colonialism, nationalism, urbanization, industrialization, and immigration transformed the Kaesŏng Wang as the progeny of fallen royals to individuals from all walks of life.Less
This book seeks a better understanding of the politics, society, and culture of early-modern Korea by tracing and narrating the history of the descendants of the Koryŏ dynasty (918–1392). Decades after persecution that virtually exterminated the former royals, the Kaesŏng Wang, the Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910) sought to bolster its legitimacy as the successor of Koryŏ. Emulating Chinese historical precedents, by the mid-fifteenth century, Chosŏn had rehabilitated the surviving Wangs. Contrary to the popular assumption that the Wangs remained politically marginalized, many fared well. The most privileged among them won the patronage of the Chosŏn court for which they performed ancestral rites in honor of certain Koryŏ rulers as selected by Chosŏn, passed government service examinations, attained prestigious offices, commanded armies, and constituted elite lineages throughout Korea. As members of a revived aristocratic descent group, the Kaesŏng Wang were committed to Confucian cultural and moral norms, at the heart of which was a subject’s loyalty to the ruler—the Chosŏn monarch. At the same time, Chosŏn increasingly honored Koryŏ loyalists and legacies. An emerging body of subversive narratives, both written and oral, articulated sympathy toward the Wangs as victims of the tumultuous politics of the Koryŏ-Chosŏn dynastic change, although the Wangs themselves steered clear of this discourse until after Japan’s abolition of the Chosŏn monarchy in 1910. Forces of modernity such as imperialism, colonialism, nationalism, urbanization, industrialization, and immigration transformed the Kaesŏng Wang as the progeny of fallen royals to individuals from all walks of life.
Anna Sun
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155579
- eISBN:
- 9781400846085
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155579.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This chapter presents the four major controversies in the past five centuries regarding the nature of Confucianism as a religion. The first is the Chinese Rites and Term Controversy, which involved ...
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This chapter presents the four major controversies in the past five centuries regarding the nature of Confucianism as a religion. The first is the Chinese Rites and Term Controversy, which involved Jesuit missionaries in China. The second is the so-called Term Controversy, which involved missionaries in China as well as scholars in the newly emerging intellectual discipline, “comparative religion.” The third is the Confucianity Movement (kongjiao yundong), which was a failed movement to make Confucianity into China's state religion. The fourth is the latest debate over the religious nature of Confucianism, the so-called Confucianism as a Religion Controversy, which took place in China between 2000 and 2004.Less
This chapter presents the four major controversies in the past five centuries regarding the nature of Confucianism as a religion. The first is the Chinese Rites and Term Controversy, which involved Jesuit missionaries in China. The second is the so-called Term Controversy, which involved missionaries in China as well as scholars in the newly emerging intellectual discipline, “comparative religion.” The third is the Confucianity Movement (kongjiao yundong), which was a failed movement to make Confucianity into China's state religion. The fourth is the latest debate over the religious nature of Confucianism, the so-called Confucianism as a Religion Controversy, which took place in China between 2000 and 2004.
