Hugh Rice
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198250289
- eISBN:
- 9780191598302
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198250282.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
Proposes an abstract conception of God, which identifies the will of God with the basic facts about good and bad. I argue that this conception does justice both to the nature of goodness and to the ...
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Proposes an abstract conception of God, which identifies the will of God with the basic facts about good and bad. I argue that this conception does justice both to the nature of goodness and to the sovereignty of God. And, while it is does not represent God as a person, it allows for the attribution to him of properties that form the key elements of many people's conception of God. I argue that a belief in God, so conceived, is a natural extension of ordinary scientific outlook and a belief in objective value. I defend this belief in objective value and claim that it is reasonable to explain the existence of the world in terms of such value. In the latter part of the book, I discuss the problem of evil, and the question of whether there are good reasons for believing in miracles. Finally, I discuss the value of rational belief in God.Less
Proposes an abstract conception of God, which identifies the will of God with the basic facts about good and bad. I argue that this conception does justice both to the nature of goodness and to the sovereignty of God. And, while it is does not represent God as a person, it allows for the attribution to him of properties that form the key elements of many people's conception of God. I argue that a belief in God, so conceived, is a natural extension of ordinary scientific outlook and a belief in objective value. I defend this belief in objective value and claim that it is reasonable to explain the existence of the world in terms of such value. In the latter part of the book, I discuss the problem of evil, and the question of whether there are good reasons for believing in miracles. Finally, I discuss the value of rational belief in God.
Geoffrey Charles Emerson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098800
- eISBN:
- 9789882206977
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098800.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter provides a summary description of the life and conditions experienced by internees in the Stanley camp. It notes that no one starved to death, and the fact remains that every day of ...
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This chapter provides a summary description of the life and conditions experienced by internees in the Stanley camp. It notes that no one starved to death, and the fact remains that every day of internment there was something to eat. It further observes that many skilled medical personnel were interned and so few people died during internment, a total of less than 120. It reports that the interviews of former internees revealed that the Red Cross had done as much as possible and was extremely hindered by lack of cooperation from the Japanese authorities. It further reports that although Japan had not been a signatory to the Geneva Convention, the Japanese government had announced that it would follow the rules of the Convention. It observes that the Geneva Convention failed to note the vast difference between an Oriental, rice-based diet and a European diet.Less
This chapter provides a summary description of the life and conditions experienced by internees in the Stanley camp. It notes that no one starved to death, and the fact remains that every day of internment there was something to eat. It further observes that many skilled medical personnel were interned and so few people died during internment, a total of less than 120. It reports that the interviews of former internees revealed that the Red Cross had done as much as possible and was extremely hindered by lack of cooperation from the Japanese authorities. It further reports that although Japan had not been a signatory to the Geneva Convention, the Japanese government had announced that it would follow the rules of the Convention. It observes that the Geneva Convention failed to note the vast difference between an Oriental, rice-based diet and a European diet.
Denis J. Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199207145
- eISBN:
- 9780191708893
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207145.003.0011
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This chapter focuses on the Indus Valley region and China, where complex agro-urban cultures evolved at about the same time as in the Near East. Wheat and barley farming originated in the Kachhi ...
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This chapter focuses on the Indus Valley region and China, where complex agro-urban cultures evolved at about the same time as in the Near East. Wheat and barley farming originated in the Kachhi Plain at least 9,000 BP and then spread to the Indus Valley. By 5,500 BP, flourishing urban centres had sprung up throughout this vast region. These impressively organized cities were managed by elites without the trappings of power and warfare found in contemporary Mesopotamia. Around 4,000 BP, the Indus Valley civilization was extinguished in what may have been a climate related catastrophe. Chinese agriculture began with broomcorn millet cultivation in the northern Yellow River catchment, but early urban cultures also collapsed around 4,000 BP, possibly due to climate change. In southern China, rice farming possibly started before 10,000 BP in the Yangtze Basin, but intensive paddy cultivation was not practiced until 3,000 BP.Less
This chapter focuses on the Indus Valley region and China, where complex agro-urban cultures evolved at about the same time as in the Near East. Wheat and barley farming originated in the Kachhi Plain at least 9,000 BP and then spread to the Indus Valley. By 5,500 BP, flourishing urban centres had sprung up throughout this vast region. These impressively organized cities were managed by elites without the trappings of power and warfare found in contemporary Mesopotamia. Around 4,000 BP, the Indus Valley civilization was extinguished in what may have been a climate related catastrophe. Chinese agriculture began with broomcorn millet cultivation in the northern Yellow River catchment, but early urban cultures also collapsed around 4,000 BP, possibly due to climate change. In southern China, rice farming possibly started before 10,000 BP in the Yangtze Basin, but intensive paddy cultivation was not practiced until 3,000 BP.
Pamela C. Ronald and Raoul W. Adamchak
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195301755
- eISBN:
- 9780199867196
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301755.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
Rice was first cultivated along the Yangtze River 6000 years ago. Genetics and breeding has been used to improve rice production. This chapter charts this progress and discusses the consequences.
Rice was first cultivated along the Yangtze River 6000 years ago. Genetics and breeding has been used to improve rice production. This chapter charts this progress and discusses the consequences.
Pamela C. Ronald and Raoul W. Adamchak
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195301755
- eISBN:
- 9780199867196
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301755.003.0011
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This chapter discusses patents and how to ensure that GE breakthroughs and useful technologies benefit less developed countries in Africa and small farmers in rice and other crops.
This chapter discusses patents and how to ensure that GE breakthroughs and useful technologies benefit less developed countries in Africa and small farmers in rice and other crops.
Beverley J. Glover
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198565970
- eISBN:
- 9780191714009
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565970.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
Previous chapters discussed the different inhibitory and inductive pathways regulating flowering in Arabidopsis. An average Arabidopsis plant will experience inhibitory and promotive signals from ...
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Previous chapters discussed the different inhibitory and inductive pathways regulating flowering in Arabidopsis. An average Arabidopsis plant will experience inhibitory and promotive signals from each of these pathways to a greater or lesser extent. The first part of this chapter investigates how the pathways are brought together to result in a single response, through the activities of the flowering time integrator genes. The second section looks at the evidence that the same or similar pathways operate in other species, with particular emphasis on the short day plant rice, and Gregor Mendel's famous genetic model, the garden pea.Less
Previous chapters discussed the different inhibitory and inductive pathways regulating flowering in Arabidopsis. An average Arabidopsis plant will experience inhibitory and promotive signals from each of these pathways to a greater or lesser extent. The first part of this chapter investigates how the pathways are brought together to result in a single response, through the activities of the flowering time integrator genes. The second section looks at the evidence that the same or similar pathways operate in other species, with particular emphasis on the short day plant rice, and Gregor Mendel's famous genetic model, the garden pea.
Yoshiko Nakano
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028085
- eISBN:
- 9789882207684
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028085.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
The National rice cooker success story is not simply a case of “Made in Japan” but more accurately a case of “Made in Asia.” The synergy that existed between the Japanese rice cooker team and its ...
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The National rice cooker success story is not simply a case of “Made in Japan” but more accurately a case of “Made in Asia.” The synergy that existed between the Japanese rice cooker team and its Hong Kong intermediary was the determining factor in the successful localization of the rice cooker and its eventual domination of the Hong Kong market and beyond. The process was not unilateral but multidirectional, multifaceted, and above all collaborative. Japanese rice cookers found their way along Chinese and other transnational networks to Asians worldwide.Less
The National rice cooker success story is not simply a case of “Made in Japan” but more accurately a case of “Made in Asia.” The synergy that existed between the Japanese rice cooker team and its Hong Kong intermediary was the determining factor in the successful localization of the rice cooker and its eventual domination of the Hong Kong market and beyond. The process was not unilateral but multidirectional, multifaceted, and above all collaborative. Japanese rice cookers found their way along Chinese and other transnational networks to Asians worldwide.
Nicholas P. Money
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195189711
- eISBN:
- 9780199790265
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189711.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Microbiology
This chapter explores the future of the ongoing competition between humans and fungi for control of the biosphere. The emerging diseases of white pine blister rust, sudden oak death, jarrah dieback, ...
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This chapter explores the future of the ongoing competition between humans and fungi for control of the biosphere. The emerging diseases of white pine blister rust, sudden oak death, jarrah dieback, soybean rust, and rice blast offer useful perspectives on the planet’s rotten present and rotten future. The use of fungi as agents of agricultural and biological warfare is also featured. The global impact of fungal disease is highlighted, with the idea that a fungal super-pathogen of Cretaceous plants may have contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs.Less
This chapter explores the future of the ongoing competition between humans and fungi for control of the biosphere. The emerging diseases of white pine blister rust, sudden oak death, jarrah dieback, soybean rust, and rice blast offer useful perspectives on the planet’s rotten present and rotten future. The use of fungi as agents of agricultural and biological warfare is also featured. The global impact of fungal disease is highlighted, with the idea that a fungal super-pathogen of Cretaceous plants may have contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs.
R. Ford Denison
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691139500
- eISBN:
- 9781400842810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691139500.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter discusses the limitations of natural selection, arguing that the overall organization of even ancient natural ecosystems may be relatively imperfect compared to individual adaptations ...
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This chapter discusses the limitations of natural selection, arguing that the overall organization of even ancient natural ecosystems may be relatively imperfect compared to individual adaptations that have been repeatedly tested through competition. After considering the near-perfection of natural ecosystems from the perspective of agroecology, the chapter explains how natural selection improves genes and individuals, rather than ecosystems. It then compares natural ecosystems with agricultural ecosystems designed by humans in terms of their ability to improve ecosystem-wide properties. It also examines whether we can harvest more food, sustainably, from human-managed ecosystems or from natural ones by focusing on two systems: human cultivation of wild rice without fertilizer, and human management of reindeer herds (domesticated caribou).Less
This chapter discusses the limitations of natural selection, arguing that the overall organization of even ancient natural ecosystems may be relatively imperfect compared to individual adaptations that have been repeatedly tested through competition. After considering the near-perfection of natural ecosystems from the perspective of agroecology, the chapter explains how natural selection improves genes and individuals, rather than ecosystems. It then compares natural ecosystems with agricultural ecosystems designed by humans in terms of their ability to improve ecosystem-wide properties. It also examines whether we can harvest more food, sustainably, from human-managed ecosystems or from natural ones by focusing on two systems: human cultivation of wild rice without fertilizer, and human management of reindeer herds (domesticated caribou).
Denis J. Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199207145
- eISBN:
- 9780191708893
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207145.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
By 10 million years ago, the major cereal groups had diverged from each other and were distributed across the world. Many of these grassy plants have remained recalcitrant to domestication, but ...
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By 10 million years ago, the major cereal groups had diverged from each other and were distributed across the world. Many of these grassy plants have remained recalcitrant to domestication, but thanks to their unusual genomic architectures, a few of the larger grained species were able to adapt to cultivation during the early Neolithic period to become our most important crop plants. The major cereal crops in the Near East were the wheat/barley/rye groups, which included many polyploid hybrids, especially among the wheats. In eastern Asia, rice and millets were the first cereals to be farmed, while in Africa sorghum and several millet species were cultivated. The major American cereal was maize, which was initially domesticated from teosinte to form small-cob maize in a relatively rapid process that was followed by several millennia of slow increases in cob length that eventually resulted in the high yielding crop of today.Less
By 10 million years ago, the major cereal groups had diverged from each other and were distributed across the world. Many of these grassy plants have remained recalcitrant to domestication, but thanks to their unusual genomic architectures, a few of the larger grained species were able to adapt to cultivation during the early Neolithic period to become our most important crop plants. The major cereal crops in the Near East were the wheat/barley/rye groups, which included many polyploid hybrids, especially among the wheats. In eastern Asia, rice and millets were the first cereals to be farmed, while in Africa sorghum and several millet species were cultivated. The major American cereal was maize, which was initially domesticated from teosinte to form small-cob maize in a relatively rapid process that was followed by several millennia of slow increases in cob length that eventually resulted in the high yielding crop of today.
Denis J. Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199207145
- eISBN:
- 9780191708893
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207145.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This chapter is concerned with the emergence and spread of the major crop groups from their centres of origin in Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas. Although the initial domestication of some crops ...
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This chapter is concerned with the emergence and spread of the major crop groups from their centres of origin in Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas. Although the initial domestication of some crops was sometimes rapid, with non-shattering large seed varieties often appearing within a few decades of cultivation, their subsequent spread across a wider region was relatively slow. In the Near East, domesticated forms of barley and wheat only gradually supplanted wild forms over a 2,500-year period after 10,000 BP. Rice was domesticated before 10,000 BP, but did not become a widespread dietary staple in east Asia until 7,000 BP. Mesoamericans domesticated maize before 9,000 BP, but large cob varieties did not appear until 3,000 BP.Less
This chapter is concerned with the emergence and spread of the major crop groups from their centres of origin in Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas. Although the initial domestication of some crops was sometimes rapid, with non-shattering large seed varieties often appearing within a few decades of cultivation, their subsequent spread across a wider region was relatively slow. In the Near East, domesticated forms of barley and wheat only gradually supplanted wild forms over a 2,500-year period after 10,000 BP. Rice was domesticated before 10,000 BP, but did not become a widespread dietary staple in east Asia until 7,000 BP. Mesoamericans domesticated maize before 9,000 BP, but large cob varieties did not appear until 3,000 BP.
Takeshi Izawa
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195335903
- eISBN:
- 9780199775446
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335903.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter summarizes the progress made in understanding photoperiodic flowering in rice. Over the last decade, major questions regarding the photoperiodic control of flowering in plants have been ...
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This chapter summarizes the progress made in understanding photoperiodic flowering in rice. Over the last decade, major questions regarding the photoperiodic control of flowering in plants have been addressed. First, the external coincidence model was supported at the molecular level in both long-day and short-day plants. Next, studies identified the major genetic components that differ between long-day and short-day plants. Their opposite responses to photoperiods were attributed to the distinct transcriptional mechanisms of florigen genes, such as FT and Hd3a. Finally, the molecular nature of these florigens was revealed. In addition to these achievements, biochemical studies were undertaken to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between light signals and circadian clocks, in order to explain how Arabidopsis thaliana can recognize day length and consequently express FT.Less
This chapter summarizes the progress made in understanding photoperiodic flowering in rice. Over the last decade, major questions regarding the photoperiodic control of flowering in plants have been addressed. First, the external coincidence model was supported at the molecular level in both long-day and short-day plants. Next, studies identified the major genetic components that differ between long-day and short-day plants. Their opposite responses to photoperiods were attributed to the distinct transcriptional mechanisms of florigen genes, such as FT and Hd3a. Finally, the molecular nature of these florigens was revealed. In addition to these achievements, biochemical studies were undertaken to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between light signals and circadian clocks, in order to explain how Arabidopsis thaliana can recognize day length and consequently express FT.
D. Dudley Williams
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528128
- eISBN:
- 9780191713538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528128.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
This chapter examines aspects of temporary waters that are largely associated with human activities. Some of these associations are ancient, for example use of temporary floodplain pools for trapping ...
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This chapter examines aspects of temporary waters that are largely associated with human activities. Some of these associations are ancient, for example use of temporary floodplain pools for trapping migrating fishes; the rice-paddy culture method for fishes; and the rotation of grain and carp harvests in Europe. In each case, the characteristics of community structure and dynamics are outlined and compared with other temporary waters.Less
This chapter examines aspects of temporary waters that are largely associated with human activities. Some of these associations are ancient, for example use of temporary floodplain pools for trapping migrating fishes; the rice-paddy culture method for fishes; and the rotation of grain and carp harvests in Europe. In each case, the characteristics of community structure and dynamics are outlined and compared with other temporary waters.
Daniel K. Williams
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195340846
- eISBN:
- 9780199867141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340846.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
While most evangelicals supported Eisenhower’s centrist conservatism and moderate position on civil rights, self-identified fundamentalists, including Bob Jones, Jr., Billy James Hargis, Carl ...
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While most evangelicals supported Eisenhower’s centrist conservatism and moderate position on civil rights, self-identified fundamentalists, including Bob Jones, Jr., Billy James Hargis, Carl McIntire, John R. Rice, and Jerry Falwell, supported the more radical positions of the “far right.” Like Billy Graham, they were strongly anticommunist, but unlike Graham, they defended racial segregation and denounced the early civil rights movement. This chapter traces the emergence of a fundamentalist political program that operated alongside the more mainstream evangelical politics of the 1950s. The chapter argues that fundamentalists’ support for racial segregation, a position that was unpopular with many northern evangelicals, prevented them from attaining national political influence during the 1950s. Nevertheless, fundamentalists’ political activities during this decade shaped the political consciousness of many pastors, including Falwell, who would later become Religious Right leaders.Less
While most evangelicals supported Eisenhower’s centrist conservatism and moderate position on civil rights, self-identified fundamentalists, including Bob Jones, Jr., Billy James Hargis, Carl McIntire, John R. Rice, and Jerry Falwell, supported the more radical positions of the “far right.” Like Billy Graham, they were strongly anticommunist, but unlike Graham, they defended racial segregation and denounced the early civil rights movement. This chapter traces the emergence of a fundamentalist political program that operated alongside the more mainstream evangelical politics of the 1950s. The chapter argues that fundamentalists’ support for racial segregation, a position that was unpopular with many northern evangelicals, prevented them from attaining national political influence during the 1950s. Nevertheless, fundamentalists’ political activities during this decade shaped the political consciousness of many pastors, including Falwell, who would later become Religious Right leaders.
Todd Lewis and Subarna Tuladhar
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195341829
- eISBN:
- 9780199866816
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195341829.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
Siddhārtha is depicted as if he had been raised by his foster mother Gautamī in the palace just like an urban Newar of the twentieth century. For example, pyucha bracelets adorn the child when he is ...
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Siddhārtha is depicted as if he had been raised by his foster mother Gautamī in the palace just like an urban Newar of the twentieth century. For example, pyucha bracelets adorn the child when he is two months old; his rice feeding ceremony is performed at six months; a garland of rice cake (yomari) is put around his neck at two years. Here again, the poet was careful not to depict Siddhārtha as supernormal. The ancient biographical text, the Lalitavistara, describes that when young Siddhārtha was taken to Shākya's sacred shrine room, stone images of gods and goddesses fell prostrate on the floor to show reverence. But Chittadhar simply has it that in the presence of the prince the stone images of gods and goddess paled and looked diminished. As King Shuddhodana looks on, the child is taught Newar nursery rhymes, juvenile Newari expressions, folk songs, and literature.Less
Siddhārtha is depicted as if he had been raised by his foster mother Gautamī in the palace just like an urban Newar of the twentieth century. For example, pyucha bracelets adorn the child when he is two months old; his rice feeding ceremony is performed at six months; a garland of rice cake (yomari) is put around his neck at two years. Here again, the poet was careful not to depict Siddhārtha as supernormal. The ancient biographical text, the Lalitavistara, describes that when young Siddhārtha was taken to Shākya's sacred shrine room, stone images of gods and goddesses fell prostrate on the floor to show reverence. But Chittadhar simply has it that in the presence of the prince the stone images of gods and goddess paled and looked diminished. As King Shuddhodana looks on, the child is taught Newar nursery rhymes, juvenile Newari expressions, folk songs, and literature.
Louis A. Pérez Jr.
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781469651422
- eISBN:
- 9781469651446
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651422.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
How did Cuba’s long-established sugar trade result in the development of an agriculture that benefited consumers abroad at the dire expense of Cubans at home? In this history of Cuba, Louis A. Pérez ...
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How did Cuba’s long-established sugar trade result in the development of an agriculture that benefited consumers abroad at the dire expense of Cubans at home? In this history of Cuba, Louis A. Pérez proposes a new Cuban counterpoint: rice, a staple central to the island’s cuisine, and sugar, which dominated an export economy 150 years in the making. In the dynamic between the two, dependency on food imports—a signal feature of the Cuban economy—was set in place. Cuban efforts to diversify the economy through expanded rice production were met with keen resistance by U.S. rice producers, who were as reliant on the Cuban market as sugar growers were on the U.S. market. U.S. growers prepared to retaliate by cutting the sugar quota in a struggle to control Cuban rice markets. Pérez’s chronicle culminates in the 1950s, a period of deepening revolutionary tensions on the island, as U.S. rice producers and their allies in Congress clashed with Cuban producers supported by the government of Fulgencio Batista. U.S. interests prevailed—a success, Pérez argues, that contributed to undermining Batista’s capacity to govern. Cuba’s inability to develop self-sufficiency in rice production persists long after the triumph of the Cuban revolution. Cuba continues to import rice, but, in the face of the U.S. embargo, mainly from Asia. U.S. rice growers wait impatiently to recover the Cuban market.Less
How did Cuba’s long-established sugar trade result in the development of an agriculture that benefited consumers abroad at the dire expense of Cubans at home? In this history of Cuba, Louis A. Pérez proposes a new Cuban counterpoint: rice, a staple central to the island’s cuisine, and sugar, which dominated an export economy 150 years in the making. In the dynamic between the two, dependency on food imports—a signal feature of the Cuban economy—was set in place. Cuban efforts to diversify the economy through expanded rice production were met with keen resistance by U.S. rice producers, who were as reliant on the Cuban market as sugar growers were on the U.S. market. U.S. growers prepared to retaliate by cutting the sugar quota in a struggle to control Cuban rice markets. Pérez’s chronicle culminates in the 1950s, a period of deepening revolutionary tensions on the island, as U.S. rice producers and their allies in Congress clashed with Cuban producers supported by the government of Fulgencio Batista. U.S. interests prevailed—a success, Pérez argues, that contributed to undermining Batista’s capacity to govern. Cuba’s inability to develop self-sufficiency in rice production persists long after the triumph of the Cuban revolution. Cuba continues to import rice, but, in the face of the U.S. embargo, mainly from Asia. U.S. rice growers wait impatiently to recover the Cuban market.
Noriko O. Tsuya and Satomi Kurosu
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199280681
- eISBN:
- 9780191602467
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199280681.003.0018
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
Examines the patterns and trends of demographic responses to changes in living standards in two farming villages in north-eastern Japan from 1716 to 1870. Using the local population registers ...
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Examines the patterns and trends of demographic responses to changes in living standards in two farming villages in north-eastern Japan from 1716 to 1870. Using the local population registers (ninbetsu-aratame-cho), we analyse the impacts of short-term economic stress measured by annual variations of rice prices on mortality, fertility, first marriage, and migration. The result shows that first marriage and out-migration are most responsive to short-term economic stress. Household resources and wealth also influence these individual demographic behaviours but the effects differ by sex, life stage, and type/reason of behaviour. Findings on temporal trends suggest improvements of female socio-demographic status during the late nineteenth century.Less
Examines the patterns and trends of demographic responses to changes in living standards in two farming villages in north-eastern Japan from 1716 to 1870. Using the local population registers (ninbetsu-aratame-cho), we analyse the impacts of short-term economic stress measured by annual variations of rice prices on mortality, fertility, first marriage, and migration. The result shows that first marriage and out-migration are most responsive to short-term economic stress. Household resources and wealth also influence these individual demographic behaviours but the effects differ by sex, life stage, and type/reason of behaviour. Findings on temporal trends suggest improvements of female socio-demographic status during the late nineteenth century.
M.N. Srinivas
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198077459
- eISBN:
- 9780199081165
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077459.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter describes the village's general preoccupation with agriculture, land, and other objects or events either incidental to, or derived from, agriculture. It did not take long for a visitor ...
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This chapter describes the village's general preoccupation with agriculture, land, and other objects or events either incidental to, or derived from, agriculture. It did not take long for a visitor to Rampura to discover the villagers' preoccupation with land. It was seen in daily talk and conversation. That brothers should fight each other for ancestral land was tragic but only too frequent. As an irrigated village, Rampura was only indirectly and secondarily dependent upon rain, and the villagers were aware of this. Preoccupation with rice cultivation resulted in a number of domestic and social activities being packed into about five months between the completion of its harvest and the beginning of the rainy season. Meanwhile, killing a bullock, cow, or bull was sacrilege for all Hindus, including Harijans.Less
This chapter describes the village's general preoccupation with agriculture, land, and other objects or events either incidental to, or derived from, agriculture. It did not take long for a visitor to Rampura to discover the villagers' preoccupation with land. It was seen in daily talk and conversation. That brothers should fight each other for ancestral land was tragic but only too frequent. As an irrigated village, Rampura was only indirectly and secondarily dependent upon rain, and the villagers were aware of this. Preoccupation with rice cultivation resulted in a number of domestic and social activities being packed into about five months between the completion of its harvest and the beginning of the rainy season. Meanwhile, killing a bullock, cow, or bull was sacrilege for all Hindus, including Harijans.
Mark A. Noll
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195151114
- eISBN:
- 9780199834532
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195151119.003.0019
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Central to the slavery debate was the issue of how to use the Scripture. Three major positions emerged on the Bible and slavery. Theological conservatives usually defended a literal reading of the ...
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Central to the slavery debate was the issue of how to use the Scripture. Three major positions emerged on the Bible and slavery. Theological conservatives usually defended a literal reading of the Scripture, which was held to provide a divine sanction for slavery. Radicals who wanted to abolish slavery sometimes agreed that the Bible sanctioned slavery, but that acknowledgment led them to disparage the Bible. In the middle were a distraught contingent of Bible readers who were troubled by their conclusion that the Bible sanctioned slavery, and who failed unsuccessfully in trying to combine faithfulness to Scripture and opposition to slavery. All factions, but especially the middle group, were constrained in their understanding of the Bible by the confluence (distinct to America) between traditional Christianity and commonsense republican principles.Less
Central to the slavery debate was the issue of how to use the Scripture. Three major positions emerged on the Bible and slavery. Theological conservatives usually defended a literal reading of the Scripture, which was held to provide a divine sanction for slavery. Radicals who wanted to abolish slavery sometimes agreed that the Bible sanctioned slavery, but that acknowledgment led them to disparage the Bible. In the middle were a distraught contingent of Bible readers who were troubled by their conclusion that the Bible sanctioned slavery, and who failed unsuccessfully in trying to combine faithfulness to Scripture and opposition to slavery. All factions, but especially the middle group, were constrained in their understanding of the Bible by the confluence (distinct to America) between traditional Christianity and commonsense republican principles.
Sean M. Kelley
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469627687
- eISBN:
- 9781469627700
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469627687.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
From late 1754 to early 1755, the slave ship Hare completed a journey from Newport, Rhode Island, to Sierra Leone, and back to the United States—a journey which transformed over seventy Africans into ...
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From late 1754 to early 1755, the slave ship Hare completed a journey from Newport, Rhode Island, to Sierra Leone, and back to the United States—a journey which transformed over seventy Africans into commodities, condemning several of them to death and the rest to a life of bondage in North America. In this detailed narrative, the book reconstructs this tumultuous voyage, covering everything from the significance of slave trading to the New England economy and the identities of the captain and crew, to their encounters with inclement weather, slave dealers, and near mutiny. But most important, the book tracks the cohort of slaves aboard the Hare from their purchase in Africa to the rice and indigo plantations of colonial South Carolina. In tracing their complete journey, the book provides rare and detailed insight into the communal lives of slaves, and sheds new light on the African diaspora and its influence on the formation of African-American culture. The Hare captives’ story underscores the extent to which the African Diaspora was a highly structured, rather than culturally “randomizing” process, resulting in communities of Africans of common linguistic and cultural background living in close proximity to one another in the New World. Rather than living in isolation, the Hare captives were part of a large community of people of Mande background that left an indelible cultural stamp on the eighteenth-century Carolina Low Country.Less
From late 1754 to early 1755, the slave ship Hare completed a journey from Newport, Rhode Island, to Sierra Leone, and back to the United States—a journey which transformed over seventy Africans into commodities, condemning several of them to death and the rest to a life of bondage in North America. In this detailed narrative, the book reconstructs this tumultuous voyage, covering everything from the significance of slave trading to the New England economy and the identities of the captain and crew, to their encounters with inclement weather, slave dealers, and near mutiny. But most important, the book tracks the cohort of slaves aboard the Hare from their purchase in Africa to the rice and indigo plantations of colonial South Carolina. In tracing their complete journey, the book provides rare and detailed insight into the communal lives of slaves, and sheds new light on the African diaspora and its influence on the formation of African-American culture. The Hare captives’ story underscores the extent to which the African Diaspora was a highly structured, rather than culturally “randomizing” process, resulting in communities of Africans of common linguistic and cultural background living in close proximity to one another in the New World. Rather than living in isolation, the Hare captives were part of a large community of people of Mande background that left an indelible cultural stamp on the eighteenth-century Carolina Low Country.
