Andrew Martin
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198157984
- eISBN:
- 9780191673252
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198157984.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Such novels as Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea and Around the World in Eighty Days have made Jules Verne the most widely translated of all French authors. But he has typically been categorised ...
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Such novels as Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea and Around the World in Eighty Days have made Jules Verne the most widely translated of all French authors. But he has typically been categorised as the father of science fiction or as a writer of harmless fantasies for children. This book relocates Verne squarely at the centre of the literary map. The author shows that a recurrent narrative (exemplified in short stories by Napoleon Bonaparte and Jorge Luis Borges), relating the strange destiny of a masked prophet who revolts against an empire, runs through Verne's Voyages Extraordinaires. This approach illuminates the paradoxical coalition in Verne of realism and invention, repression and transgression, imperialism and anarchy. In this book Verne emerges not just as a key to the political and literary imagination of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries but as a model for reading fiction in general.Less
Such novels as Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea and Around the World in Eighty Days have made Jules Verne the most widely translated of all French authors. But he has typically been categorised as the father of science fiction or as a writer of harmless fantasies for children. This book relocates Verne squarely at the centre of the literary map. The author shows that a recurrent narrative (exemplified in short stories by Napoleon Bonaparte and Jorge Luis Borges), relating the strange destiny of a masked prophet who revolts against an empire, runs through Verne's Voyages Extraordinaires. This approach illuminates the paradoxical coalition in Verne of realism and invention, repression and transgression, imperialism and anarchy. In this book Verne emerges not just as a key to the political and literary imagination of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries but as a model for reading fiction in general.
A. H. Halsey
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199266609
- eISBN:
- 9780191601019
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199266603.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Literary claims to ownership of the third culture of sociology are considered and the rise of scientific method traced. The institutional history is summarized from the establishment of a chair of ...
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Literary claims to ownership of the third culture of sociology are considered and the rise of scientific method traced. The institutional history is summarized from the establishment of a chair of sociology at the London School of Economics and Political Science in 1907. Phases of expansion (1950–67), revolt (1968–75) and uncertainty (1976–2000) are described. Analysis of the professors—their origins, careers and fame—is presented. A content analysis of three leading British journals of sociology is reported. An epilogue is finally added of eight essays by well‐known sociologists—A. H. Halsey, Z. Bauman, C. Crouch, A. Giddens, A. Oakley, J. Platt, W.G. Runciman, and J. Westergaard.Less
Literary claims to ownership of the third culture of sociology are considered and the rise of scientific method traced. The institutional history is summarized from the establishment of a chair of sociology at the London School of Economics and Political Science in 1907. Phases of expansion (1950–67), revolt (1968–75) and uncertainty (1976–2000) are described. Analysis of the professors—their origins, careers and fame—is presented. A content analysis of three leading British journals of sociology is reported. An epilogue is finally added of eight essays by well‐known sociologists—A. H. Halsey, Z. Bauman, C. Crouch, A. Giddens, A. Oakley, J. Platt, W.G. Runciman, and J. Westergaard.
R. R. Davies
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205081
- eISBN:
- 9780191676499
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205081.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter presents a brief overview of the revolt led by Owain Glyn Dŵr. The revolt struck Wales like a bolt from the blue in September 1400; indeed some Englishmen came to wonder whether the king ...
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This chapter presents a brief overview of the revolt led by Owain Glyn Dŵr. The revolt struck Wales like a bolt from the blue in September 1400; indeed some Englishmen came to wonder whether the king was not taking it altogether too seriously. The movement which spread, albeit briefly, through much of north Wales within weeks and which was followed a few months later by the equally sudden and even more spectacular capture of Conway Castle was clearly rather more than the personal aberration of a disaffected Welsh squire and his close companions; it quickly tapped an undercurrent of frustration, resentment, and aspiration in Welsh society. It soon became a truly national revolt.Less
This chapter presents a brief overview of the revolt led by Owain Glyn Dŵr. The revolt struck Wales like a bolt from the blue in September 1400; indeed some Englishmen came to wonder whether the king was not taking it altogether too seriously. The movement which spread, albeit briefly, through much of north Wales within weeks and which was followed a few months later by the equally sudden and even more spectacular capture of Conway Castle was clearly rather more than the personal aberration of a disaffected Welsh squire and his close companions; it quickly tapped an undercurrent of frustration, resentment, and aspiration in Welsh society. It soon became a truly national revolt.
Robin Briggs
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206033
- eISBN:
- 9780191676932
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206033.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This book examines the beliefs and behaviour of the people of France (and sometimes the regions just outside the kingdom proper) in the early modern period. Shared beliefs were the ultimate ...
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This book examines the beliefs and behaviour of the people of France (and sometimes the regions just outside the kingdom proper) in the early modern period. Shared beliefs were the ultimate legitimation for the institutional role of the Catholic Church, studied in the essay on church and state. The three studies of witchcraft emphasize the crucial role of the village community in regulating the identification and persecution of this very particular class of deviants. Popular revolts involved deviance of a much more public and obvious kind, in the political rather than the religious sphere, but these episodes are particularly revealing of both communal attitudes and divisions. Evolving clerical attitudes towards families and the imposition of moral standards through confession brought confrontations with alternative values which had deep communal roots. Some further aspects of this clash of values are evoked in both the analysis of the puritanical elements in Jansenism and rigorism and in the general essay on idées and mentalités in the Catholic reform movement.Less
This book examines the beliefs and behaviour of the people of France (and sometimes the regions just outside the kingdom proper) in the early modern period. Shared beliefs were the ultimate legitimation for the institutional role of the Catholic Church, studied in the essay on church and state. The three studies of witchcraft emphasize the crucial role of the village community in regulating the identification and persecution of this very particular class of deviants. Popular revolts involved deviance of a much more public and obvious kind, in the political rather than the religious sphere, but these episodes are particularly revealing of both communal attitudes and divisions. Evolving clerical attitudes towards families and the imposition of moral standards through confession brought confrontations with alternative values which had deep communal roots. Some further aspects of this clash of values are evoked in both the analysis of the puritanical elements in Jansenism and rigorism and in the general essay on idées and mentalités in the Catholic reform movement.
Iain McLean
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199546954
- eISBN:
- 9780191720031
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546954.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, UK Politics
In this provocative new study, Iain McLean argues that the traditional story of the British constitution does not make sense. It purports to be both positive and normative: that is, to describe both ...
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In this provocative new study, Iain McLean argues that the traditional story of the British constitution does not make sense. It purports to be both positive and normative: that is, to describe both how people actually behave and how they ought to behave. In fact, it fails to do either; it is not a correct description and it has no persuasive force. The book goes on to offer a reasoned alternative. The position that still dominates the field of constitutional law is that of parliamentary sovereignty (or supremacy). According to this view, the supreme lawgiver in the United Kingdom is Parliament. Some writers in this tradition go on to insist that Parliament in turn derives its authority from the people, because the people elect Parliament. An obvious problem with this view is that Parliament, to a lawyer, comprises three houses: monarch, Lords, and Commons. The people elect only one of those three houses. This book aims to show, contrary to the prevailing view, that the United Kingdom exists by virtue of a constitutional contract between two previously independent states. Professor McLean argues that the work of the influential constitutional theorist A. V. Dicey has little to offer those who really want to understand the nature of the constitution. Instead, greater understanding can be gleaned from considering the ‘veto plays’ and ‘credible threats’ available to politicians since 1707. He suggests that the idea the people are sovereign dates back to the seventeenth century (may be fourteenth century in Scotland), but has gone underground in English constitutional writing. He goes on to show that devolution and the United Kingdom's relationship with the rest of Europe have taken the United Kingdom along a constitutionalist road since 1972, and perhaps since 1920. He concludes that no intellectually defensible case can be made for retaining an unelected house of Parliament, an unelected head of state, or an established church. This book will be an essential reading for political scientists, constitutional lawyers, historians, politicians, and the like.Less
In this provocative new study, Iain McLean argues that the traditional story of the British constitution does not make sense. It purports to be both positive and normative: that is, to describe both how people actually behave and how they ought to behave. In fact, it fails to do either; it is not a correct description and it has no persuasive force. The book goes on to offer a reasoned alternative. The position that still dominates the field of constitutional law is that of parliamentary sovereignty (or supremacy). According to this view, the supreme lawgiver in the United Kingdom is Parliament. Some writers in this tradition go on to insist that Parliament in turn derives its authority from the people, because the people elect Parliament. An obvious problem with this view is that Parliament, to a lawyer, comprises three houses: monarch, Lords, and Commons. The people elect only one of those three houses. This book aims to show, contrary to the prevailing view, that the United Kingdom exists by virtue of a constitutional contract between two previously independent states. Professor McLean argues that the work of the influential constitutional theorist A. V. Dicey has little to offer those who really want to understand the nature of the constitution. Instead, greater understanding can be gleaned from considering the ‘veto plays’ and ‘credible threats’ available to politicians since 1707. He suggests that the idea the people are sovereign dates back to the seventeenth century (may be fourteenth century in Scotland), but has gone underground in English constitutional writing. He goes on to show that devolution and the United Kingdom's relationship with the rest of Europe have taken the United Kingdom along a constitutionalist road since 1972, and perhaps since 1920. He concludes that no intellectually defensible case can be made for retaining an unelected house of Parliament, an unelected head of state, or an established church. This book will be an essential reading for political scientists, constitutional lawyers, historians, politicians, and the like.
Marion Turner
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199207893
- eISBN:
- 9780191709142
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207893.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This book explores the textual environment of London in the 1380s and 1390s, revealing a language of betrayal, surveillance, slander, treason, rebellion, flawed idealism, and corrupted compaignyes. ...
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This book explores the textual environment of London in the 1380s and 1390s, revealing a language of betrayal, surveillance, slander, treason, rebellion, flawed idealism, and corrupted compaignyes. Taking a strongly interdisciplinary approach, it examines how discourses about social antagonism work across different kinds of texts written at this time, including Geoffrey Chaucer's House of Fame, Troilus and Criseyde, and Canterbury Tales, and other literary texts such as St. Erkenwald, John Gower's Vox clamantis, Thomas Usk's Testament of Love, and Richard Maidstone's Concordia. Many non-literary texts are also discussed, including the Mercers' Petition, Usk's Appeal, the guild returns, judicial letters, Philippe de Mézières's Letter to Richard II, and chronicle accounts. These were tumultuous decades in London: some of the conflicts and problems discussed include the Peasants' Revolt, the mayoral rivalries of the 1380s, the Merciless Parliament, slander legislation, and contemporary suspicion of urban associations. While contemporary texts try to hold out hope for the future, or imagine an earlier Golden Age, Chaucer's texts foreground social conflict and antagonism. Though most critics have promoted an idea of Chaucer's texts as essentially socially optimistic and congenial, this book argues that Chaucer presents a vision of a society that is inevitably divided and destructive.Less
This book explores the textual environment of London in the 1380s and 1390s, revealing a language of betrayal, surveillance, slander, treason, rebellion, flawed idealism, and corrupted compaignyes. Taking a strongly interdisciplinary approach, it examines how discourses about social antagonism work across different kinds of texts written at this time, including Geoffrey Chaucer's House of Fame, Troilus and Criseyde, and Canterbury Tales, and other literary texts such as St. Erkenwald, John Gower's Vox clamantis, Thomas Usk's Testament of Love, and Richard Maidstone's Concordia. Many non-literary texts are also discussed, including the Mercers' Petition, Usk's Appeal, the guild returns, judicial letters, Philippe de Mézières's Letter to Richard II, and chronicle accounts. These were tumultuous decades in London: some of the conflicts and problems discussed include the Peasants' Revolt, the mayoral rivalries of the 1380s, the Merciless Parliament, slander legislation, and contemporary suspicion of urban associations. While contemporary texts try to hold out hope for the future, or imagine an earlier Golden Age, Chaucer's texts foreground social conflict and antagonism. Though most critics have promoted an idea of Chaucer's texts as essentially socially optimistic and congenial, this book argues that Chaucer presents a vision of a society that is inevitably divided and destructive.
Maria A. Confalonieri and Kenneth Newton
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294740
- eISBN:
- 9780191598838
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294743.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
As the scale of government expenditures increased across post‐war Western Europe, so did levels of public disquiet at the increases in the rate of taxation required to pay for such expenditure. This ...
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As the scale of government expenditures increased across post‐war Western Europe, so did levels of public disquiet at the increases in the rate of taxation required to pay for such expenditure. This chapter estimates the strength and nature of this ‘tax revolt’. Was it a reversion to usual grumbling about high taxes, or was it part of a more serious and fundamental re‐appraisal of the basic redistributive aims of the welfare state? Three basic issues are addressed here: first, the nature of the evidence provided by surveys of mass opinion regarding the tax revolt; second, whether evidence exists that the tax revolt is related to a more general backlash against the welfare state; third, whether the survey data support the view that the citizens of the modern state ‘want something for nothing’ out of the welfare and tax systems in their countries.Less
As the scale of government expenditures increased across post‐war Western Europe, so did levels of public disquiet at the increases in the rate of taxation required to pay for such expenditure. This chapter estimates the strength and nature of this ‘tax revolt’. Was it a reversion to usual grumbling about high taxes, or was it part of a more serious and fundamental re‐appraisal of the basic redistributive aims of the welfare state? Three basic issues are addressed here: first, the nature of the evidence provided by surveys of mass opinion regarding the tax revolt; second, whether evidence exists that the tax revolt is related to a more general backlash against the welfare state; third, whether the survey data support the view that the citizens of the modern state ‘want something for nothing’ out of the welfare and tax systems in their countries.
Peter A. Hall
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199250158
- eISBN:
- 9780191599439
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199250154.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The purpose of this chapter is to place contemporary debate about European democracy in a wider historical context by considering how analyses of the institutions that underpin democracy in Europe ...
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The purpose of this chapter is to place contemporary debate about European democracy in a wider historical context by considering how analyses of the institutions that underpin democracy in Europe have evolved over time in tandem with political developments. It is said that those who neglect history are doomed to repeat it, and that can be also true of social science. We depend on the insights of successive generations of scholars for much of what we know about democracy, and by examining how their analyses shifted as European governance itself evolved, we can develop perspectives with which to understand the problems confronting Europe today. The survey is necessarily brief survey, but references are provided that lead to deeper debates. The different sections of the chapter are: The Feasibility of Popular Government; The Importance of Culture, Organization, and Social Conditions; Technocracy, Neo–Corporatism, and the Romantic Revolt; The Move to the Market; and Contemporary European Democracy.Less
The purpose of this chapter is to place contemporary debate about European democracy in a wider historical context by considering how analyses of the institutions that underpin democracy in Europe have evolved over time in tandem with political developments. It is said that those who neglect history are doomed to repeat it, and that can be also true of social science. We depend on the insights of successive generations of scholars for much of what we know about democracy, and by examining how their analyses shifted as European governance itself evolved, we can develop perspectives with which to understand the problems confronting Europe today. The survey is necessarily brief survey, but references are provided that lead to deeper debates. The different sections of the chapter are: The Feasibility of Popular Government; The Importance of Culture, Organization, and Social Conditions; Technocracy, Neo–Corporatism, and the Romantic Revolt; The Move to the Market; and Contemporary European Democracy.
Oscar Gelderblom
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691142883
- eISBN:
- 9781400848591
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691142883.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter examines the protective measures implemented by merchants and rulers in Bruges, Antwerp, and Amsterdam to deal with violent threats such as theft, robbery, or even outright warfare. It ...
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This chapter examines the protective measures implemented by merchants and rulers in Bruges, Antwerp, and Amsterdam to deal with violent threats such as theft, robbery, or even outright warfare. It shows that the existence of an international network of commercial cities created strong incentives for local and central governments to offer protection to international traders to enhance the position of individual cities in this network. It also considers how imminent changes in a city's position in the international urban hierarchy led to the massive use of force, citing as examples the Flemish Revolt and the Dutch Revolt. Finally, it discusses the unification of the Habsburgs as rulers of the Netherlands and its impact on the safety of merchants, along with the rise of the Dutch Republic.Less
This chapter examines the protective measures implemented by merchants and rulers in Bruges, Antwerp, and Amsterdam to deal with violent threats such as theft, robbery, or even outright warfare. It shows that the existence of an international network of commercial cities created strong incentives for local and central governments to offer protection to international traders to enhance the position of individual cities in this network. It also considers how imminent changes in a city's position in the international urban hierarchy led to the massive use of force, citing as examples the Flemish Revolt and the Dutch Revolt. Finally, it discusses the unification of the Habsburgs as rulers of the Netherlands and its impact on the safety of merchants, along with the rise of the Dutch Republic.
Bas van Bavel
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199278664
- eISBN:
- 9780191707032
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278664.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
The rise of market exchange, and the related competition, was the main dynamic force of the later Middle Ages and the motor behind social changes. This chapter shows how its force was refracted by ...
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The rise of market exchange, and the related competition, was the main dynamic force of the later Middle Ages and the motor behind social changes. This chapter shows how its force was refracted by the regional prism of power and property, resulting in a sharpening of the distinctions between regions. Some rural areas saw the rise of large tenant farmers and a multitude of pauperized wage labourers, while others saw the fragmentation of peasant holdings combined with proto‐industrialization. In the towns, which rapidly grew—in what was becoming the most urbanized part of Europe—similar differences can be observed, although less pronounced than in the countryside. Craftsmen and peasants sometimes succeeded in protecting small‐scale production and their ways of self‐determination, occasionally by extreme measures such as revolts, but gradually lost out to the growing financial power of merchant‐entrepreneurs and their Burgundian and Habsburg rulers. Moreover, growing population pressure undermined real wages, and poor relief and the actions undertaken by public authorities were hardly able to curb the negative effects on welfare.Less
The rise of market exchange, and the related competition, was the main dynamic force of the later Middle Ages and the motor behind social changes. This chapter shows how its force was refracted by the regional prism of power and property, resulting in a sharpening of the distinctions between regions. Some rural areas saw the rise of large tenant farmers and a multitude of pauperized wage labourers, while others saw the fragmentation of peasant holdings combined with proto‐industrialization. In the towns, which rapidly grew—in what was becoming the most urbanized part of Europe—similar differences can be observed, although less pronounced than in the countryside. Craftsmen and peasants sometimes succeeded in protecting small‐scale production and their ways of self‐determination, occasionally by extreme measures such as revolts, but gradually lost out to the growing financial power of merchant‐entrepreneurs and their Burgundian and Habsburg rulers. Moreover, growing population pressure undermined real wages, and poor relief and the actions undertaken by public authorities were hardly able to curb the negative effects on welfare.
THELMA WILLS FOOTE
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195165371
- eISBN:
- 9780199871735
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195165371.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter shows that the disciplinary mechanism of antiblack racism became a key instrument of governance in colonial New York City. It notes that New York City's Slave Revolt of 1712 was the act ...
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This chapter shows that the disciplinary mechanism of antiblack racism became a key instrument of governance in colonial New York City. It notes that New York City's Slave Revolt of 1712 was the act of unculturated native Africans and other slaves, who from their own distinctive worldviews, regarded colonial New York's institution of slavery as an unjust social relation. It demonstrates the specter of interracial sexual desire, especially in households where slave owners and their families lived under the same roof with black Africans.Less
This chapter shows that the disciplinary mechanism of antiblack racism became a key instrument of governance in colonial New York City. It notes that New York City's Slave Revolt of 1712 was the act of unculturated native Africans and other slaves, who from their own distinctive worldviews, regarded colonial New York's institution of slavery as an unjust social relation. It demonstrates the specter of interracial sexual desire, especially in households where slave owners and their families lived under the same roof with black Africans.
Samia Mehrez (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789774165337
- eISBN:
- 9781617971303
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774165337.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This unique interdisciplinary collective project is the culmination of research and translation work conducted by AUC students of different cultural and linguistic backgrounds who continue to witness ...
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This unique interdisciplinary collective project is the culmination of research and translation work conducted by AUC students of different cultural and linguistic backgrounds who continue to witness Egypt's ongoing revolution. This historic event has produced an unprecedented proliferation of political and cultural documents and materials, whether written, oral, or visual. Given their range, different linguistic registers, and referential worlds, these documents present a great challenge to any translator. The contributors to this volume have selectively translated chants, banners, jokes, poems, and interviews, as well as presidential speeches and military communiqués. Their practical translation work is informed by the cultural turn in translation studies and the nuanced role of the translator as negotiator between texts and cultures. The chapters focus on the relationship between translation and semiotics, issues of fidelity and equivalence, creative transformation and rewriting, and the issue of target readership. This mature collective project is in many ways a reenactment of the new infectious revolutionary spirit in Egypt today.Less
This unique interdisciplinary collective project is the culmination of research and translation work conducted by AUC students of different cultural and linguistic backgrounds who continue to witness Egypt's ongoing revolution. This historic event has produced an unprecedented proliferation of political and cultural documents and materials, whether written, oral, or visual. Given their range, different linguistic registers, and referential worlds, these documents present a great challenge to any translator. The contributors to this volume have selectively translated chants, banners, jokes, poems, and interviews, as well as presidential speeches and military communiqués. Their practical translation work is informed by the cultural turn in translation studies and the nuanced role of the translator as negotiator between texts and cultures. The chapters focus on the relationship between translation and semiotics, issues of fidelity and equivalence, creative transformation and rewriting, and the issue of target readership. This mature collective project is in many ways a reenactment of the new infectious revolutionary spirit in Egypt today.
Stephen E. Lahey
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195183313
- eISBN:
- 9780199870349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183313.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter provides the basic biographical material necessary to understand the course of Wyclif’s life. The first section traces Wyclif’s career at Oxford University, specifically at Merton and ...
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This chapter provides the basic biographical material necessary to understand the course of Wyclif’s life. The first section traces Wyclif’s career at Oxford University, specifically at Merton and Balliol Colleges. Wyclif was a prolific writer, and while establishing a precise chronology for his works as they have come down to us is difficult, given his apparently extensive re-editing of his works, the chapter describes the organization of his two major philosophical collections, the Summa de Ente and the Summa Theologie. The second section surveys Wyclif’s career in the service of the Duke of Lancaster, his subsequent dismissal from Oxford University, and his ongoing disputes with Bishop William Courtenay of London. During his final years in exile in Lutterworth, Leicestershire, Wyclif produced a significant body of writing, ranging from exegesis to polemics, remaining active in his criticisms of the ecclesiastical status quo.Less
This chapter provides the basic biographical material necessary to understand the course of Wyclif’s life. The first section traces Wyclif’s career at Oxford University, specifically at Merton and Balliol Colleges. Wyclif was a prolific writer, and while establishing a precise chronology for his works as they have come down to us is difficult, given his apparently extensive re-editing of his works, the chapter describes the organization of his two major philosophical collections, the Summa de Ente and the Summa Theologie. The second section surveys Wyclif’s career in the service of the Duke of Lancaster, his subsequent dismissal from Oxford University, and his ongoing disputes with Bishop William Courtenay of London. During his final years in exile in Lutterworth, Leicestershire, Wyclif produced a significant body of writing, ranging from exegesis to polemics, remaining active in his criticisms of the ecclesiastical status quo.
Alexander Bitis
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263273
- eISBN:
- 9780191734700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263273.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter covers the outbreak of the Greek revolt in 1821 and the early diplomacy of the crisis. It considers the origins of Ypsilantis's revolt in 1820–21; the Tsarist reaction in 1821–22; the ...
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This chapter covers the outbreak of the Greek revolt in 1821 and the early diplomacy of the crisis. It considers the origins of Ypsilantis's revolt in 1820–21; the Tsarist reaction in 1821–22; the Second Army and the study of the Greek revolt. Following the receipt of reports from Pestel, lnzov, and other military agents, Kiselev established his Main Staff as the centre for the investigation of the Greek revolt. In early 1822, he informed lnzov of his intention to commission the writing of the first historical account of the revolution. To this end, Kiselev outlined the various areas of research that were still required. They related to the connection between the first Greek secret society and the Russian Hetairia movement; the role of Napoleon and the French revolutionaries in these societies; the level of co-ordination between the revolts of Ypsilantis and Vladimirescu; and the character of Ypsilantis.Less
This chapter covers the outbreak of the Greek revolt in 1821 and the early diplomacy of the crisis. It considers the origins of Ypsilantis's revolt in 1820–21; the Tsarist reaction in 1821–22; the Second Army and the study of the Greek revolt. Following the receipt of reports from Pestel, lnzov, and other military agents, Kiselev established his Main Staff as the centre for the investigation of the Greek revolt. In early 1822, he informed lnzov of his intention to commission the writing of the first historical account of the revolution. To this end, Kiselev outlined the various areas of research that were still required. They related to the connection between the first Greek secret society and the Russian Hetairia movement; the role of Napoleon and the French revolutionaries in these societies; the level of co-ordination between the revolts of Ypsilantis and Vladimirescu; and the character of Ypsilantis.
Birgit Schippers
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748640898
- eISBN:
- 9780748671830
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640898.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
Julia Kristeva's writings on the female subject and on feminist politics continue to trouble many of her readers; as yet, there exists no unified response to her ideas in contemporary feminism. Julia ...
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Julia Kristeva's writings on the female subject and on feminist politics continue to trouble many of her readers; as yet, there exists no unified response to her ideas in contemporary feminism. Julia Kristeva and Feminist Thought offers a novel and engaging appraisal of Kristeva's recent work that recuperates her significance for a feminist project. Drawing on her recent texts on revolt, female genius and freedom, the book provides a detailed assessment of the diverse feminist responses to Kristeva's key ideas, and it demonstrates how feminism's troubled relations with Kristeva can only be understood by attending to the plurality and heterogeneity of contemporary feminist positions. As the book suggests, any feminist appropriation of Kristeva's ideas requires a reading against the grain, as well as careful attention to their positioning along the fault-lines that run through contemporary feminism. While considering Kristeva's ambivalence about the importance of feminism, the book provides a sympathetic account of her radical philosophy of feminine heterogeneity, her concern with singularity and freedom, and the deeply ethical orientation of her work towards conditions of otherness. It argues that while conceptualising feminism in such a way can be profoundly unsettling, it also keeps feminism's plural and diverse theory and practice alive.Less
Julia Kristeva's writings on the female subject and on feminist politics continue to trouble many of her readers; as yet, there exists no unified response to her ideas in contemporary feminism. Julia Kristeva and Feminist Thought offers a novel and engaging appraisal of Kristeva's recent work that recuperates her significance for a feminist project. Drawing on her recent texts on revolt, female genius and freedom, the book provides a detailed assessment of the diverse feminist responses to Kristeva's key ideas, and it demonstrates how feminism's troubled relations with Kristeva can only be understood by attending to the plurality and heterogeneity of contemporary feminist positions. As the book suggests, any feminist appropriation of Kristeva's ideas requires a reading against the grain, as well as careful attention to their positioning along the fault-lines that run through contemporary feminism. While considering Kristeva's ambivalence about the importance of feminism, the book provides a sympathetic account of her radical philosophy of feminine heterogeneity, her concern with singularity and freedom, and the deeply ethical orientation of her work towards conditions of otherness. It argues that while conceptualising feminism in such a way can be profoundly unsettling, it also keeps feminism's plural and diverse theory and practice alive.
Janet L. Abu-Lughod
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195328752
- eISBN:
- 9780199944057
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328752.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Racial tensions have been recurring phenomena deeply embedded in New York City's past, as they have been in American history in general. Among others, there were significant protests in Harlem in ...
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Racial tensions have been recurring phenomena deeply embedded in New York City's past, as they have been in American history in general. Among others, there were significant protests in Harlem in 1935 and again in 1943 that prefigured the types of ghetto revolts that would come to be characteristic in other cities in the late 1960s. These culminated in the 1964 Harlem riot that spread almost instantaneously to the city's “Second Ghetto” in Brooklyn, Bedford-Stuyvesant. The immediate casus belli of the 1935 Harlem riot was when a sixteen-year-old boy was apprehended and accused of stealing a penknife from Kress's variety store on the busy commercial thoroughfare of 125th Street in Harlem. The immediate casus belli of the 1943 Harlem revolt was an altercation between a white policeman and a female black client at a local hotel.Less
Racial tensions have been recurring phenomena deeply embedded in New York City's past, as they have been in American history in general. Among others, there were significant protests in Harlem in 1935 and again in 1943 that prefigured the types of ghetto revolts that would come to be characteristic in other cities in the late 1960s. These culminated in the 1964 Harlem riot that spread almost instantaneously to the city's “Second Ghetto” in Brooklyn, Bedford-Stuyvesant. The immediate casus belli of the 1935 Harlem riot was when a sixteen-year-old boy was apprehended and accused of stealing a penknife from Kress's variety store on the busy commercial thoroughfare of 125th Street in Harlem. The immediate casus belli of the 1943 Harlem revolt was an altercation between a white policeman and a female black client at a local hotel.
James Tracy
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199209118
- eISBN:
- 9780191706134
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199209118.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
In 1572, towns in the province of Holland, led by William of Orange, rebelled against the government of the Habsburg Netherlands. The story of the Dutch Revolt is usually told in terms of fractious ...
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In 1572, towns in the province of Holland, led by William of Orange, rebelled against the government of the Habsburg Netherlands. The story of the Dutch Revolt is usually told in terms of fractious provinces that frustrated Orange's efforts to formulate a coherent programme. In this book James D. Tracy argues that there was a coherent strategy for the war, but that it was set by the towns of Holland. Although the States of Holland was in theory subject to the States General, Holland provided over 60% of the taxes and an even larger share of war loans. Accordingly, funds were directed to securing Holland's borders, and subsequently to extending this protected frontier to neighboring provinces that, like Holland, lay north of the great rivers running east to west. Shielded from the war by its cordon sanitaire, Holland experienced an extraordinary economic boom, allowing taxes and loans to keep flowing. The goal—in sight if not achieved by 1588—was a United Provinces of the north, free and separate from provinces in the southern Netherlands that remained under Spanish rule. With Europe increasingly under the sway of strong hereditary princes, the new Dutch Republic was a beacon of promise for those who still believed that citizens ought to rule themselves.Less
In 1572, towns in the province of Holland, led by William of Orange, rebelled against the government of the Habsburg Netherlands. The story of the Dutch Revolt is usually told in terms of fractious provinces that frustrated Orange's efforts to formulate a coherent programme. In this book James D. Tracy argues that there was a coherent strategy for the war, but that it was set by the towns of Holland. Although the States of Holland was in theory subject to the States General, Holland provided over 60% of the taxes and an even larger share of war loans. Accordingly, funds were directed to securing Holland's borders, and subsequently to extending this protected frontier to neighboring provinces that, like Holland, lay north of the great rivers running east to west. Shielded from the war by its cordon sanitaire, Holland experienced an extraordinary economic boom, allowing taxes and loans to keep flowing. The goal—in sight if not achieved by 1588—was a United Provinces of the north, free and separate from provinces in the southern Netherlands that remained under Spanish rule. With Europe increasingly under the sway of strong hereditary princes, the new Dutch Republic was a beacon of promise for those who still believed that citizens ought to rule themselves.
Stephen Ruzicka
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199766628
- eISBN:
- 9780199932719
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199766628.003.0018
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE, World History: BCE to 500CE
Literary evidence, coins, and Persian records of prisoner transfers allow us to reconstruct the story of Phoenician and Cypriot revolt in reaction to Persian efforts to mount another Egyptian ...
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Literary evidence, coins, and Persian records of prisoner transfers allow us to reconstruct the story of Phoenician and Cypriot revolt in reaction to Persian efforts to mount another Egyptian campaign as quickly as possible after the 351 failure. By 348, Phoenician cities, having gained promises of support from Nectanebo, king of Egypt, revolted and succeeded in driving off the Persian response led by Mazaeus. Cypriot revolt followed. Artaxerxes moved slowly and carefully, amassing a huge force to deal with Phoenician cities and Egypt and creating another force led by the Athenian Phocion to deal with Cyprus. The great size of the Persian army carried the day in 345, impelling the surrender of the Sidonian king. Artaxerxes had Sidon burned with great loss of life. This served to bring about surrender of other rebel cities.Less
Literary evidence, coins, and Persian records of prisoner transfers allow us to reconstruct the story of Phoenician and Cypriot revolt in reaction to Persian efforts to mount another Egyptian campaign as quickly as possible after the 351 failure. By 348, Phoenician cities, having gained promises of support from Nectanebo, king of Egypt, revolted and succeeded in driving off the Persian response led by Mazaeus. Cypriot revolt followed. Artaxerxes moved slowly and carefully, amassing a huge force to deal with Phoenician cities and Egypt and creating another force led by the Athenian Phocion to deal with Cyprus. The great size of the Persian army carried the day in 345, impelling the surrender of the Sidonian king. Artaxerxes had Sidon burned with great loss of life. This served to bring about surrender of other rebel cities.
A. S. Morrison
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199547371
- eISBN:
- 9780191720710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547371.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter covers the colonial regime's fraught relationship with Islam. Whilst expressing deep suspicion and hostility towards Islam, whether in traditional or reformist guise, administrators were ...
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This chapter covers the colonial regime's fraught relationship with Islam. Whilst expressing deep suspicion and hostility towards Islam, whether in traditional or reformist guise, administrators were far too worried about provoking a revolt akin to that in the Caucasus, or the Indian Mutiny, to make any serious attempt to undermine it.Less
This chapter covers the colonial regime's fraught relationship with Islam. Whilst expressing deep suspicion and hostility towards Islam, whether in traditional or reformist guise, administrators were far too worried about provoking a revolt akin to that in the Caucasus, or the Indian Mutiny, to make any serious attempt to undermine it.
Jill Quadagno
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195160390
- eISBN:
- 9780199944026
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195160390.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter discusses how Medicaid and Medicare created uncontrollable inflation within the health care system, thus leading to a purchaser's revolt, first studying how the beneficiaries were ...
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This chapter discusses how Medicaid and Medicare created uncontrollable inflation within the health care system, thus leading to a purchaser's revolt, first studying how the beneficiaries were notified, before focusing on the implementation of Medicaid and of Parts A and B of Medicare. It also shows how costs were controlled in the health care sector.Less
This chapter discusses how Medicaid and Medicare created uncontrollable inflation within the health care system, thus leading to a purchaser's revolt, first studying how the beneficiaries were notified, before focusing on the implementation of Medicaid and of Parts A and B of Medicare. It also shows how costs were controlled in the health care sector.
