Pertti Ahonen
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199259892
- eISBN:
- 9780191717451
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259892.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book connects two central problems encountered by the Federal Republic of Germany prior to reunification in 1990, both of them rooted in the Second World War. Domestically, the country had to ...
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This book connects two central problems encountered by the Federal Republic of Germany prior to reunification in 1990, both of them rooted in the Second World War. Domestically, the country had to integrate eight million expellees forced out of their homes in Central and Eastern Europe as a result of the lost war. Externally, it had to reestablish relations with Eastern Europe, despite the burdens of the Nazi past, the expulsions, and the ongoing East–West struggle during the Cold War. This book shows how the long-term consequences of the expellee problem significantly hindered West German efforts to develop normal ties with the East European states. In particular, it emphasizes a point largely overlooked in the existing literature: the way in which the political integration of the expellees into the Federal Republic had unanticipated negative consequences for the country's Ostpolitik.Less
This book connects two central problems encountered by the Federal Republic of Germany prior to reunification in 1990, both of them rooted in the Second World War. Domestically, the country had to integrate eight million expellees forced out of their homes in Central and Eastern Europe as a result of the lost war. Externally, it had to reestablish relations with Eastern Europe, despite the burdens of the Nazi past, the expulsions, and the ongoing East–West struggle during the Cold War. This book shows how the long-term consequences of the expellee problem significantly hindered West German efforts to develop normal ties with the East European states. In particular, it emphasizes a point largely overlooked in the existing literature: the way in which the political integration of the expellees into the Federal Republic had unanticipated negative consequences for the country's Ostpolitik.
Jill Duerr Berrick
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195322620
- eISBN:
- 9780199864607
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195322620.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Social Policy
There is a profound crisis in the United States’ foster care system according to this book. No state has passed the federally mandated Child and Family Service Review; two-thirds of the state systems ...
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There is a profound crisis in the United States’ foster care system according to this book. No state has passed the federally mandated Child and Family Service Review; two-thirds of the state systems have faced class-action lawsuits demanding change; and most tellingly, almost half of all children who enter foster care never go home. The field of child welfare has lost its way and is neglecting its fundamental responsibility to the most vulnerable children and families in America. The family stories this book weaves throughout the chapters provide a backdrop for the statistics presented. Amanda, raised in foster care, began having children of her own while still a teen and lost them to the system when she became addicted to drugs. Tracy, brought up by her schizophrenic single mother, gave birth to the first of eight children at age fourteen and saw them all shuffled through foster care as she dealt drugs and went to prison. Both they and the other individuals that are featured in the book spent years without adequate support from social workers or the government before finally achieving a healthier life; many people never do. But despite the clear crisis in child welfare, most calls for reform have focused on unproven prevention methods, not on improving the situation for those already caught in the system. The book argues that real child welfare reform will only occur when the centerpiece of child welfare — reunification, permanency, and foster care — is reaffirmed.Less
There is a profound crisis in the United States’ foster care system according to this book. No state has passed the federally mandated Child and Family Service Review; two-thirds of the state systems have faced class-action lawsuits demanding change; and most tellingly, almost half of all children who enter foster care never go home. The field of child welfare has lost its way and is neglecting its fundamental responsibility to the most vulnerable children and families in America. The family stories this book weaves throughout the chapters provide a backdrop for the statistics presented. Amanda, raised in foster care, began having children of her own while still a teen and lost them to the system when she became addicted to drugs. Tracy, brought up by her schizophrenic single mother, gave birth to the first of eight children at age fourteen and saw them all shuffled through foster care as she dealt drugs and went to prison. Both they and the other individuals that are featured in the book spent years without adequate support from social workers or the government before finally achieving a healthier life; many people never do. But despite the clear crisis in child welfare, most calls for reform have focused on unproven prevention methods, not on improving the situation for those already caught in the system. The book argues that real child welfare reform will only occur when the centerpiece of child welfare — reunification, permanency, and foster care — is reaffirmed.
Ralph C. Watkins
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195167979
- eISBN:
- 9780199784981
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019516797X.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
Teaching “African American Religions” is an intense experience. Teaching the course calls on the teacher to observe the students changing as the students go through a transition during the course. ...
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Teaching “African American Religions” is an intense experience. Teaching the course calls on the teacher to observe the students changing as the students go through a transition during the course. This course has to be seen as a journey. It must be framed as a process of reunification and reconstruction. The teacher needs to feel compassion as he or she works in the community reconciling students to their roots as they explore the foundations of African American religiosity.Less
Teaching “African American Religions” is an intense experience. Teaching the course calls on the teacher to observe the students changing as the students go through a transition during the course. This course has to be seen as a journey. It must be framed as a process of reunification and reconstruction. The teacher needs to feel compassion as he or she works in the community reconciling students to their roots as they explore the foundations of African American religiosity.
Jeffrey Kopstein
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199241149
- eISBN:
- 9780191598920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199241147.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Examines one effect of globalization on labour in the case of unified Germany: the rise of a new particularism. A number of scholars have started to speak of the new divide between eastern and ...
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Examines one effect of globalization on labour in the case of unified Germany: the rise of a new particularism. A number of scholars have started to speak of the new divide between eastern and western Germany in terms of ethnicity. As useful as this analogy is, however, it has the disadvantage of being just that—an analogy. Seen differently, the source of the new cultural divide in Germany is the conflict between two very different, historically shaped moral economies. Despite Stalinist misdevelopment, the economy of the communist East, through everyday labour practices, inculcated a set of egalitarian economic values. For political reasons, the unification strategy after 1991 did not challenge these values but accommodated them. Such a strategy thus guaranteed the persistence and even growth of regional identities in post‐unification Germany. The new particularism in other locales, therefore, may stem from the clash not only of ‘civilizations’ (Huntington), but also, rather more prosaically, from the conflict between dominant labour and leisure practices, of notions of what is properly commodified and what is best put outside of markets—practices that are being challenged by global markets, and the diffusion of tastes, values, and institutions.Less
Examines one effect of globalization on labour in the case of unified Germany: the rise of a new particularism. A number of scholars have started to speak of the new divide between eastern and western Germany in terms of ethnicity. As useful as this analogy is, however, it has the disadvantage of being just that—an analogy. Seen differently, the source of the new cultural divide in Germany is the conflict between two very different, historically shaped moral economies. Despite Stalinist misdevelopment, the economy of the communist East, through everyday labour practices, inculcated a set of egalitarian economic values. For political reasons, the unification strategy after 1991 did not challenge these values but accommodated them. Such a strategy thus guaranteed the persistence and even growth of regional identities in post‐unification Germany. The new particularism in other locales, therefore, may stem from the clash not only of ‘civilizations’ (Huntington), but also, rather more prosaically, from the conflict between dominant labour and leisure practices, of notions of what is properly commodified and what is best put outside of markets—practices that are being challenged by global markets, and the diffusion of tastes, values, and institutions.
Young‐Iob Chung
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195325454
- eISBN:
- 9780199783908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325454.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter summarizes the path of economic development and capital formation during the half-century after the Korean War, and evaluates the means used for South Korea's success. The chapter also ...
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This chapter summarizes the path of economic development and capital formation during the half-century after the Korean War, and evaluates the means used for South Korea's success. The chapter also assesses the prospects for South Korea's future economic development and capital formation under a democratically elected government, still in its infancy. It speculates on South Korea's chances of attaining the levels reached by neighboring countries such as Taiwan, Singapore, China, and even Japan, and the challenges it faces to achieve this. Five major challenges faced by South Korea are discussed: improving the government's management ability, progress in technology, better labor-management relations, equitable income distribution, resolution of the so-called jaebeol problems, and the reunification of North Korea and South Korea.Less
This chapter summarizes the path of economic development and capital formation during the half-century after the Korean War, and evaluates the means used for South Korea's success. The chapter also assesses the prospects for South Korea's future economic development and capital formation under a democratically elected government, still in its infancy. It speculates on South Korea's chances of attaining the levels reached by neighboring countries such as Taiwan, Singapore, China, and even Japan, and the challenges it faces to achieve this. Five major challenges faced by South Korea are discussed: improving the government's management ability, progress in technology, better labor-management relations, equitable income distribution, resolution of the so-called jaebeol problems, and the reunification of North Korea and South Korea.
Mark F. Testa
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195321302
- eISBN:
- 9780199777457
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195321302.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Communities and Organizations
This chapter builds on the previous chapter's discussion of the limitations of the existing Child and Family Services Review (CFSR) outcomes indicators that rely heavily on cross-sectional samples of ...
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This chapter builds on the previous chapter's discussion of the limitations of the existing Child and Family Services Review (CFSR) outcomes indicators that rely heavily on cross-sectional samples of active cases and exit cohort samples of children discharged from foster care. It reviews some of the challenges of analyzing child welfare outcomes when program and policy changes are still in the process of implementation, and discusses recent advances in longitudinal data analysis of time-to-outcome data. The chapter also provides an overview of the concept of statistical power, and discusses the importance of distinguishing between statistical and practical significance when assessing agency performance. It concludes with an illustration of how greater transparency can be brought to the analysis of family reunification trends in Illinois through statistical risk-adjustment for variations in child demographic characteristics, family needs, and other conditions of the populations served by the child welfare system.Less
This chapter builds on the previous chapter's discussion of the limitations of the existing Child and Family Services Review (CFSR) outcomes indicators that rely heavily on cross-sectional samples of active cases and exit cohort samples of children discharged from foster care. It reviews some of the challenges of analyzing child welfare outcomes when program and policy changes are still in the process of implementation, and discusses recent advances in longitudinal data analysis of time-to-outcome data. The chapter also provides an overview of the concept of statistical power, and discusses the importance of distinguishing between statistical and practical significance when assessing agency performance. It concludes with an illustration of how greater transparency can be brought to the analysis of family reunification trends in Illinois through statistical risk-adjustment for variations in child demographic characteristics, family needs, and other conditions of the populations served by the child welfare system.
Linnie Blake
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719075933
- eISBN:
- 9781781700914
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719075933.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This book explores the ways in which the unashamedly disturbing conventions of international horror cinema allow audiences to engage with the traumatic legacy of the recent past in a manner that has ...
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This book explores the ways in which the unashamedly disturbing conventions of international horror cinema allow audiences to engage with the traumatic legacy of the recent past in a manner that has serious implications for the ways in which we conceive of ourselves both as gendered individuals and as members of a particular nation-state. Exploring a wide range of stylistically distinctive and generically diverse film texts, its analysis ranges from the body horror of the American 1970s to the avant-garde proclivities of German Reunification horror, from the vengeful supernaturalism of recent Japanese chillers and their American remakes to the post-Thatcherite masculinity horror of the UK and the resurgence of hillbilly horror in the period following 9/11 USA. In each case, it is argued that horror cinema forces us to look again at the wounds inflicted on individuals, families, communities and nations by traumatic events such as genocide and war, terrorist outrage and seismic political change, wounds that are all too often concealed beneath ideologically expedient discourses of national cohesion. Thus proffering a radical critique of the nation-state and the ideologies of identity it promulgates, horror cinema is seen to offer us a disturbing, yet perversely life affirming, means of working through the traumatic legacy of recent times.Less
This book explores the ways in which the unashamedly disturbing conventions of international horror cinema allow audiences to engage with the traumatic legacy of the recent past in a manner that has serious implications for the ways in which we conceive of ourselves both as gendered individuals and as members of a particular nation-state. Exploring a wide range of stylistically distinctive and generically diverse film texts, its analysis ranges from the body horror of the American 1970s to the avant-garde proclivities of German Reunification horror, from the vengeful supernaturalism of recent Japanese chillers and their American remakes to the post-Thatcherite masculinity horror of the UK and the resurgence of hillbilly horror in the period following 9/11 USA. In each case, it is argued that horror cinema forces us to look again at the wounds inflicted on individuals, families, communities and nations by traumatic events such as genocide and war, terrorist outrage and seismic political change, wounds that are all too often concealed beneath ideologically expedient discourses of national cohesion. Thus proffering a radical critique of the nation-state and the ideologies of identity it promulgates, horror cinema is seen to offer us a disturbing, yet perversely life affirming, means of working through the traumatic legacy of recent times.
PERTTI AHONEN
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199259892
- eISBN:
- 9780191717451
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259892.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Like all historical events, German reunification had its winners and losers. The winners included most Germans, at least in the initial euphoria, and even most other Europeans, given the liberation ...
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Like all historical events, German reunification had its winners and losers. The winners included most Germans, at least in the initial euphoria, and even most other Europeans, given the liberation of the Eastern bloc and the general relaxation of tensions that accompanied the end of the cold war. Among the losers were the expellee activists, whose organizations suffered a long road to political decline following reunification. The first harbingers of change had been various public intellectuals who began to pose systematic challenges to the expellee groups and the Ostpolitik dogmas associated with them from the early 1960s on. In the course of that decade, these challenges gained growing public support, thanks in large part to broader generational, social, and attitudinal changes in West German society.Less
Like all historical events, German reunification had its winners and losers. The winners included most Germans, at least in the initial euphoria, and even most other Europeans, given the liberation of the Eastern bloc and the general relaxation of tensions that accompanied the end of the cold war. Among the losers were the expellee activists, whose organizations suffered a long road to political decline following reunification. The first harbingers of change had been various public intellectuals who began to pose systematic challenges to the expellee groups and the Ostpolitik dogmas associated with them from the early 1960s on. In the course of that decade, these challenges gained growing public support, thanks in large part to broader generational, social, and attitudinal changes in West German society.
Richard P. Barth, Shenyang Guo, Elizabeth C. Weigensberg, Sharon L. Christ, Christina M. Bruhn, and Rebecca L. Green
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195398465
- eISBN:
- 9780199863426
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398465.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Health and Mental Health
This chapter examines the child and family characteristics that predict children's reunification with their families after out-of-home placement. For those children who are reunified, the ...
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This chapter examines the child and family characteristics that predict children's reunification with their families after out-of-home placement. For those children who are reunified, the characteristics that foreshadow likely re-entry to foster care are analyzed. Regression models of reunification show significant gender and ethnic main effects in only the group of children 11 years old or older, despite the extensive set of statistical controls for human capital, cultural capital, and social capital factors. The developmental period after age 10 is when children are transitioning beyond parental and school supervision, to acquire the bridging social capital necessary for independent economic and social mobility in a post-traditional society.Less
This chapter examines the child and family characteristics that predict children's reunification with their families after out-of-home placement. For those children who are reunified, the characteristics that foreshadow likely re-entry to foster care are analyzed. Regression models of reunification show significant gender and ethnic main effects in only the group of children 11 years old or older, despite the extensive set of statistical controls for human capital, cultural capital, and social capital factors. The developmental period after age 10 is when children are transitioning beyond parental and school supervision, to acquire the bridging social capital necessary for independent economic and social mobility in a post-traditional society.
David Martin-Jones
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748622443
- eISBN:
- 9780748651085
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748622443.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This book challenges the traditional use of Deleuze's philosophy to examine European art cinema, exploring how Deleuze can be used to analyse national identity across a range of different cinemas. ...
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This book challenges the traditional use of Deleuze's philosophy to examine European art cinema, exploring how Deleuze can be used to analyse national identity across a range of different cinemas. Focusing on narrative time, it combines a Deleuzean approach with a vast range of non-traditional material. The films discussed are contemporary and popular (either financial or cult successes), and include Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Terminator 3, Memento, Saving Private Ryan, Run Lola Run, Sliding Doors, Chaos and Peppermint Candy. Each film is examined in light of a major historical event – including 9/11, German reunification, and the Asian economic crisis – and the impact it has had on individual nations. This cross-cultural approach illustrates how Deleuze's work can enhance our understanding of the construction of national identity. It also enables a critique of Deleuze's conclusions by examining his work in a variety of national contexts. The book significantly broadens the field of work on Deleuze and cinema, placing equal emphasis on understanding mainstream North American genre films, and American independent and European art films. It also examines Asian thrillers, and gangster and art films in the light of Deleuze's work on time. With Asian films increasingly crossing over into Western markets, this is a timely addition to the expanding body of work on Deleuze and film.Less
This book challenges the traditional use of Deleuze's philosophy to examine European art cinema, exploring how Deleuze can be used to analyse national identity across a range of different cinemas. Focusing on narrative time, it combines a Deleuzean approach with a vast range of non-traditional material. The films discussed are contemporary and popular (either financial or cult successes), and include Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Terminator 3, Memento, Saving Private Ryan, Run Lola Run, Sliding Doors, Chaos and Peppermint Candy. Each film is examined in light of a major historical event – including 9/11, German reunification, and the Asian economic crisis – and the impact it has had on individual nations. This cross-cultural approach illustrates how Deleuze's work can enhance our understanding of the construction of national identity. It also enables a critique of Deleuze's conclusions by examining his work in a variety of national contexts. The book significantly broadens the field of work on Deleuze and cinema, placing equal emphasis on understanding mainstream North American genre films, and American independent and European art films. It also examines Asian thrillers, and gangster and art films in the light of Deleuze's work on time. With Asian films increasingly crossing over into Western markets, this is a timely addition to the expanding body of work on Deleuze and film.
PERTTI AHONEN
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199259892
- eISBN:
- 9780191717451
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259892.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter traces key moments in the interaction between the expellee groups and West German political elites from the start of the new Ostpolitik in 1970 to German reunification two decades later. ...
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This chapter traces key moments in the interaction between the expellee groups and West German political elites from the start of the new Ostpolitik in 1970 to German reunification two decades later. The period was characterized by the continued decline of the expellee lobby's power. The backward-looking organizations found themselves increasingly isolated in West German public life, with ever more tenuous links to most of the political elites, the media establishment, and the general public, including the majority of rank-and-file expellees. The end of the road for the expellee lobby came in 1990, when Helmut Kohl's government finally abandoned its tactical manoeuvring and accepted a long-awaited reunification settlement, as a part of which Germany formally gave up all territorial claims towards Eastern Europe.Less
This chapter traces key moments in the interaction between the expellee groups and West German political elites from the start of the new Ostpolitik in 1970 to German reunification two decades later. The period was characterized by the continued decline of the expellee lobby's power. The backward-looking organizations found themselves increasingly isolated in West German public life, with ever more tenuous links to most of the political elites, the media establishment, and the general public, including the majority of rank-and-file expellees. The end of the road for the expellee lobby came in 1990, when Helmut Kohl's government finally abandoned its tactical manoeuvring and accepted a long-awaited reunification settlement, as a part of which Germany formally gave up all territorial claims towards Eastern Europe.
Roger Forshaw
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781526140142
- eISBN:
- 9781526146687
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526140159
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This volume discusses the history, culture and social conditions of one of the less well-known periods of ancient Egypt, the Saite or 26th Dynasty (664-525 BC). In the 660’s BC Egypt was a ...
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This volume discusses the history, culture and social conditions of one of the less well-known periods of ancient Egypt, the Saite or 26th Dynasty (664-525 BC). In the 660’s BC Egypt was a politically fragmented and occupied country. This is an account of how Psamtek I, a local ruler from Sais in Northern Egypt, declared independence from her overlord, the Assyrian empire, and within ten years brought about the reunification of the country after almost 400 years of disunity and periods of foreign domination. Over the next century and a half, the Saite rulers were able to achieve stability and preserve Egypt’s independence as a sovereign state against powerful foreign adversaries. Central government was established, a complex financial administration was developed and her military forces were reorganised. The Saites successfully promoted foreign trade, peoples from different countries settled in Egypt and Egypt recovered a prominent role in the Mediterranean world. There were innovations in culture, religion and technology and Egypt became prosperous. This era was a major historical success and is often neglected in the literature devoted to ancient Egypt. Egypt of the Saite Pharaohs, 664-525 BC reveals the dynamic nature of the period, the astuteness of the Saite rulers and their considerable achievements in the political, economic, administrative and cultural spheres.Less
This volume discusses the history, culture and social conditions of one of the less well-known periods of ancient Egypt, the Saite or 26th Dynasty (664-525 BC). In the 660’s BC Egypt was a politically fragmented and occupied country. This is an account of how Psamtek I, a local ruler from Sais in Northern Egypt, declared independence from her overlord, the Assyrian empire, and within ten years brought about the reunification of the country after almost 400 years of disunity and periods of foreign domination. Over the next century and a half, the Saite rulers were able to achieve stability and preserve Egypt’s independence as a sovereign state against powerful foreign adversaries. Central government was established, a complex financial administration was developed and her military forces were reorganised. The Saites successfully promoted foreign trade, peoples from different countries settled in Egypt and Egypt recovered a prominent role in the Mediterranean world. There were innovations in culture, religion and technology and Egypt became prosperous. This era was a major historical success and is often neglected in the literature devoted to ancient Egypt. Egypt of the Saite Pharaohs, 664-525 BC reveals the dynamic nature of the period, the astuteness of the Saite rulers and their considerable achievements in the political, economic, administrative and cultural spheres.
Zoltan Barany
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691137681
- eISBN:
- 9781400845491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691137681.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This introductory chapter provides a background of democratization and the building of democratic armies. Democratization and the building of democratic armies usually commences in response to a ...
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This introductory chapter provides a background of democratization and the building of democratic armies. Democratization and the building of democratic armies usually commences in response to a major change that shocks the political system and sets it on a new path. The pivotal event may have been a long time coming or triggered in response to exogenous causes. Scholars of historical institutionalism refer to these events as “formative moments” or “critical junctures,” when the path of an organization or institution is set, confirmed, or changed. This book considers three contexts that follow such formative moments: after war, during regime change, and following state formation. The two subcategories of state transformation taken up in this study are those following colonialism, when a former colony becomes one or more independent state(s), and after (re)unification or apartheid, when two different political or social entities are joined.Less
This introductory chapter provides a background of democratization and the building of democratic armies. Democratization and the building of democratic armies usually commences in response to a major change that shocks the political system and sets it on a new path. The pivotal event may have been a long time coming or triggered in response to exogenous causes. Scholars of historical institutionalism refer to these events as “formative moments” or “critical junctures,” when the path of an organization or institution is set, confirmed, or changed. This book considers three contexts that follow such formative moments: after war, during regime change, and following state formation. The two subcategories of state transformation taken up in this study are those following colonialism, when a former colony becomes one or more independent state(s), and after (re)unification or apartheid, when two different political or social entities are joined.
Zoltan Barany
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691137681
- eISBN:
- 9781400845491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691137681.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter discusses three different but equally intriguing cases where two entities are brought together or brought together again. In that of Germany, the armed forces of the newly reunified ...
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This chapter discusses three different but equally intriguing cases where two entities are brought together or brought together again. In that of Germany, the armed forces of the newly reunified state reflected the outcome of the Cold War: very little remained that could remind one of the former army of East Germany. In Yemen, North and South Yemen—two Cold War adversaries—fought against each other in brief wars before they became unified. South Africa is a unique case because its borders did not change though a large segment of the population previously excluded from official politics and the armed forces was not only made a part of them but became the dominantpart. The similarity in all three cases is the combining of two separate and dissimilar components in a new, single political entity. Moreover, in all three, the two parts brought together had been enemies who fought against each other or were trained to do so.Less
This chapter discusses three different but equally intriguing cases where two entities are brought together or brought together again. In that of Germany, the armed forces of the newly reunified state reflected the outcome of the Cold War: very little remained that could remind one of the former army of East Germany. In Yemen, North and South Yemen—two Cold War adversaries—fought against each other in brief wars before they became unified. South Africa is a unique case because its borders did not change though a large segment of the population previously excluded from official politics and the armed forces was not only made a part of them but became the dominantpart. The similarity in all three cases is the combining of two separate and dissimilar components in a new, single political entity. Moreover, in all three, the two parts brought together had been enemies who fought against each other or were trained to do so.
Nick Axford, Vashti Berry, Roger Bullock, Michael Little, Jill Madge, Louise Morpeth, and Kevin Mount
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195314083
- eISBN:
- 9780199865550
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314083.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
The Going Home? practice tool was developed to help professionals responsible for looking after children who have been separated from their families to manage the children's care careers more ...
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The Going Home? practice tool was developed to help professionals responsible for looking after children who have been separated from their families to manage the children's care careers more effectively and so ensure that their eventual reunification has the best chances of success. This chapter begins by describing the policy context in which the practice tool was developed, focusing on the problem of drift in residential and foster care. It considers some of the limitations of orthodox methods of research dissemination in social care as they appeared at the time, summarizes the broad approach to dissemination embodied by practice tools, and outlines the rationale for their application in children's services in the United Kingdom. The chapter then describes the Going Home? tool itself, along with the studies that underpin it, and outlines how the tool was evaluated, the degree to which it affected social work practice and, ultimately, its impact on children's well-being.Less
The Going Home? practice tool was developed to help professionals responsible for looking after children who have been separated from their families to manage the children's care careers more effectively and so ensure that their eventual reunification has the best chances of success. This chapter begins by describing the policy context in which the practice tool was developed, focusing on the problem of drift in residential and foster care. It considers some of the limitations of orthodox methods of research dissemination in social care as they appeared at the time, summarizes the broad approach to dissemination embodied by practice tools, and outlines the rationale for their application in children's services in the United Kingdom. The chapter then describes the Going Home? tool itself, along with the studies that underpin it, and outlines how the tool was evaluated, the degree to which it affected social work practice and, ultimately, its impact on children's well-being.
Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199546312
- eISBN:
- 9780191720338
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546312.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Political History
This chapter follows, through the Cold War up to the present day, the continuing and evolving German relationship with Eastern Europe. The different orientations of the Federal Republic of Germany ...
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This chapter follows, through the Cold War up to the present day, the continuing and evolving German relationship with Eastern Europe. The different orientations of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic are analyzed through their foreign policies, the building of the Berlin Wall, Ostpolitik, and the curious competition to appropriate Prussia's disputed historical legacy. The chapter concludes by taking stock of the state of the German myth of the East today, examining complexities of reunification and the persistent ‘wall in the minds’, especially in mutual antagonistic stereotypes of ‘Wessis’ and ‘Ossis’, so-called ‘Ostalgie’ (nostalgia for a lost eastern German state and society), and the paradoxical belated rise of a distinct East German national identity. The chapter ends with an assessment of the future of German relations with Eastern Europe, marked by issues like the challenges of the European Union's expansion and relations with the new Russia.Less
This chapter follows, through the Cold War up to the present day, the continuing and evolving German relationship with Eastern Europe. The different orientations of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic are analyzed through their foreign policies, the building of the Berlin Wall, Ostpolitik, and the curious competition to appropriate Prussia's disputed historical legacy. The chapter concludes by taking stock of the state of the German myth of the East today, examining complexities of reunification and the persistent ‘wall in the minds’, especially in mutual antagonistic stereotypes of ‘Wessis’ and ‘Ossis’, so-called ‘Ostalgie’ (nostalgia for a lost eastern German state and society), and the paradoxical belated rise of a distinct East German national identity. The chapter ends with an assessment of the future of German relations with Eastern Europe, marked by issues like the challenges of the European Union's expansion and relations with the new Russia.
Nitzan Shoshan
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691171951
- eISBN:
- 9781400883653
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691171951.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Since German reunification in 1990, there has been widespread concern about marginalized young people who, faced with bleak prospects for their future, have embraced increasingly violent forms of ...
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Since German reunification in 1990, there has been widespread concern about marginalized young people who, faced with bleak prospects for their future, have embraced increasingly violent forms of racist nationalism that glorify the country's Nazi past. This book reveals how young right-wing extremists in East Berlin contest contemporary notions of national identity and defy the clichés that others use to represent them. The book situates them within the governance of affect, a broad body of discourses and practices aimed at orchestrating their attitudes toward cultural difference—from legal codes and penal norms to rehabilitative techniques and pedagogical strategies. Governance has conventionally been viewed as rational administration, while emotions have ordinarily been conceived of as individual states. The book questions both assumptions. It offers a fresh view of governance as pregnant with affect and of hate as publicly mediated and politically administered. It argues that the state's policies push these youths into a right-extremist corner instead of integrating them in ways that could curb their nationalist racism. The point is certain to resonate across European and non-European contexts where, amid robust xenophobic nationalisms, hate becomes precisely the object of public dispute. The book provides a rare and disturbing look inside Germany's right-wing extremist world, and shines critical light on a German nationhood haunted by its own historical contradictions.Less
Since German reunification in 1990, there has been widespread concern about marginalized young people who, faced with bleak prospects for their future, have embraced increasingly violent forms of racist nationalism that glorify the country's Nazi past. This book reveals how young right-wing extremists in East Berlin contest contemporary notions of national identity and defy the clichés that others use to represent them. The book situates them within the governance of affect, a broad body of discourses and practices aimed at orchestrating their attitudes toward cultural difference—from legal codes and penal norms to rehabilitative techniques and pedagogical strategies. Governance has conventionally been viewed as rational administration, while emotions have ordinarily been conceived of as individual states. The book questions both assumptions. It offers a fresh view of governance as pregnant with affect and of hate as publicly mediated and politically administered. It argues that the state's policies push these youths into a right-extremist corner instead of integrating them in ways that could curb their nationalist racism. The point is certain to resonate across European and non-European contexts where, amid robust xenophobic nationalisms, hate becomes precisely the object of public dispute. The book provides a rare and disturbing look inside Germany's right-wing extremist world, and shines critical light on a German nationhood haunted by its own historical contradictions.
Barry Stephenson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199812295
- eISBN:
- 9780199919390
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199812295.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The chapter is based on fieldwork conducted in Lutherstadt Wittenberg from 2004-2006, during the city’s two annual Reformation festivals (Reformation Day and Luther’s Wedding). The theoretical ...
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The chapter is based on fieldwork conducted in Lutherstadt Wittenberg from 2004-2006, during the city’s two annual Reformation festivals (Reformation Day and Luther’s Wedding). The theoretical framework informing the chapter derives from ritual studies and performance theory; a broad assumption is that cultural performances are occasions of social-cultural reflexivity, negotiation, and even contest. The focus of the paper is on-the-ground tensions and implications surrounding the carnivalesque nature of Wittenberg’s contemporary Luther festivals. Carnival was virtually eliminated in Protestant Europe by 1800. In the second half of the twentieth century, however, Carnival has returned to European popular culture with a vengeance—and it has recently returned to Wittenberg, the heartland of German Protestantism—not as Carnival proper, but as festive celebration informed by the carnivalesque: costuming, satire, mockery, fools, masks, inversion, theatrical skits in the streets, folktales, dances, drum and pipe music. It is argued that contemporary carnivalesque festivity is a mimetic return to early modern and Renaissance era popular culture in order to critique official or high culture, process the dramatic social-cultural changes in the East in the wake of reunification, and inscribe popular values and sentiments into social life through public enactment.Less
The chapter is based on fieldwork conducted in Lutherstadt Wittenberg from 2004-2006, during the city’s two annual Reformation festivals (Reformation Day and Luther’s Wedding). The theoretical framework informing the chapter derives from ritual studies and performance theory; a broad assumption is that cultural performances are occasions of social-cultural reflexivity, negotiation, and even contest. The focus of the paper is on-the-ground tensions and implications surrounding the carnivalesque nature of Wittenberg’s contemporary Luther festivals. Carnival was virtually eliminated in Protestant Europe by 1800. In the second half of the twentieth century, however, Carnival has returned to European popular culture with a vengeance—and it has recently returned to Wittenberg, the heartland of German Protestantism—not as Carnival proper, but as festive celebration informed by the carnivalesque: costuming, satire, mockery, fools, masks, inversion, theatrical skits in the streets, folktales, dances, drum and pipe music. It is argued that contemporary carnivalesque festivity is a mimetic return to early modern and Renaissance era popular culture in order to critique official or high culture, process the dramatic social-cultural changes in the East in the wake of reunification, and inscribe popular values and sentiments into social life through public enactment.
Hugh Nicholson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199772865
- eISBN:
- 9780199897315
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199772865.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter examines the relationship between contemporary comparative theology and the theology of religions in light of their common genealogy in the comparative theology in the ...
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This chapter examines the relationship between contemporary comparative theology and the theology of religions in light of their common genealogy in the comparative theology in the nineteenth-century. The latter typically combines sincere claims of scientific objectivity and impartiality with blatantly tendentious and inaccurate characterizations of non-Christian religions. A familiarity with this older comparative theology contains an implicit warning against the facile assumption that the current impasse in the theology of religions can be overcome simply by supplementing a priori theological reflection with an empirical study of other religions. More constructively, this chapter argues that the reunification of theology and comparison in the new comparative theology negates the oppositional contrast between the comparative study of religion and theology by which the former discipline has often legitimated itself as an objective, “scientific” discipline. This tendency of scholars of religion to project a theological other has paradoxically blinded the discipline of comparative religion to its own normative presuppositions.Less
This chapter examines the relationship between contemporary comparative theology and the theology of religions in light of their common genealogy in the comparative theology in the nineteenth-century. The latter typically combines sincere claims of scientific objectivity and impartiality with blatantly tendentious and inaccurate characterizations of non-Christian religions. A familiarity with this older comparative theology contains an implicit warning against the facile assumption that the current impasse in the theology of religions can be overcome simply by supplementing a priori theological reflection with an empirical study of other religions. More constructively, this chapter argues that the reunification of theology and comparison in the new comparative theology negates the oppositional contrast between the comparative study of religion and theology by which the former discipline has often legitimated itself as an objective, “scientific” discipline. This tendency of scholars of religion to project a theological other has paradoxically blinded the discipline of comparative religion to its own normative presuppositions.
Jill Duerr Berrick, Barbara Needell, Richard P. Barth, and Melissa Jonson-Reid
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195114539
- eISBN:
- 9780199865819
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195114539.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
The first few years of life are a time of unparalleled physical, intellectual, and emotional development. But they can also be a time of neglect and abuse: this is the period when children are most ...
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The first few years of life are a time of unparalleled physical, intellectual, and emotional development. But they can also be a time of neglect and abuse: this is the period when children are most likely to suffer mistreatment by their parents, and most likely to be placed in foster care. Today most children entering the child welfare system are very young, and, in most large states, infants are the largest group of children entering foster care each year. Social service systems are typically not designed for very young children, however, and therefore fail to serve their special needs. This shortcoming is significant because protecting very young children from physical harm is not enough; they must also be protected from developmental harm. This book addresses this critical situation. Beginning with an overview of child development theory, it examines child abuse reporting patterns and discusses placement in foster care, reunification, and adoption. It also looks at public child welfare practice, featuring examples of the children and families served by this system. The book analyzes the differences between the foster care experiences of very young children and those of older children, with special emphasis on the way the child welfare system deals with infants. Based on a significant body of evidence regarding young children's unique affective, physical, and cognitive development, this book illuminates the interrelationship of child welfare practice, child development outcomes, and public policy.Less
The first few years of life are a time of unparalleled physical, intellectual, and emotional development. But they can also be a time of neglect and abuse: this is the period when children are most likely to suffer mistreatment by their parents, and most likely to be placed in foster care. Today most children entering the child welfare system are very young, and, in most large states, infants are the largest group of children entering foster care each year. Social service systems are typically not designed for very young children, however, and therefore fail to serve their special needs. This shortcoming is significant because protecting very young children from physical harm is not enough; they must also be protected from developmental harm. This book addresses this critical situation. Beginning with an overview of child development theory, it examines child abuse reporting patterns and discusses placement in foster care, reunification, and adoption. It also looks at public child welfare practice, featuring examples of the children and families served by this system. The book analyzes the differences between the foster care experiences of very young children and those of older children, with special emphasis on the way the child welfare system deals with infants. Based on a significant body of evidence regarding young children's unique affective, physical, and cognitive development, this book illuminates the interrelationship of child welfare practice, child development outcomes, and public policy.
