Graziano Battistella
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199269006
- eISBN:
- 9780191601309
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199269009.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
Return migration is a fixed component of temporary labour migration currently organized in Asia. However, as the experience of the Philippines indicates, policies for the reintegration of returning ...
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Return migration is a fixed component of temporary labour migration currently organized in Asia. However, as the experience of the Philippines indicates, policies for the reintegration of returning migrants are often difficult to implement and yield poor results. Return should be part of the planning before departure, and policies should focus on providing information, facilitating access to credit, maximizing the use of remittances, favouring local initiatives, and fostering cooperative enterprises. As for other aspects, policies for returning migrants should be part of a cooperative approach to migration between countries of origin and of destination.Less
Return migration is a fixed component of temporary labour migration currently organized in Asia. However, as the experience of the Philippines indicates, policies for the reintegration of returning migrants are often difficult to implement and yield poor results. Return should be part of the planning before departure, and policies should focus on providing information, facilitating access to credit, maximizing the use of remittances, favouring local initiatives, and fostering cooperative enterprises. As for other aspects, policies for returning migrants should be part of a cooperative approach to migration between countries of origin and of destination.
Frédéric Docquier and Hillel Rapoport
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199654826
- eISBN:
- 9780191742095
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654826.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, Financial Economics
This chapter reviews the channels through which skilled emigration can affect the source countries. Recent literature suggests that remittances, return migration, diaspora externalities, and network ...
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This chapter reviews the channels through which skilled emigration can affect the source countries. Recent literature suggests that remittances, return migration, diaspora externalities, and network effects favouring international transactions and technology diffusion, as well as brain gain channels, may compensate the sending countries for their loss of human capital. The chapter divides these channels into a ‘human capital’, ‘screening selection’, ‘productivity’, and ‘institutional’ channels, and analyse the links between brain drain and remittances. The development of a partial equilibrium model allows them to combine these various channels in an integrated setting. They quantify the costs and gains of the brain drain for developing countries and analyse how these balance out. In most cases, simulations suggest that at a macroeconomic level, the brain drain may generate short run and long run positive net gains for many developing countries, while adverse overall impacts are found only in a small number of countries exhibiting very high skilled emigration rates.Less
This chapter reviews the channels through which skilled emigration can affect the source countries. Recent literature suggests that remittances, return migration, diaspora externalities, and network effects favouring international transactions and technology diffusion, as well as brain gain channels, may compensate the sending countries for their loss of human capital. The chapter divides these channels into a ‘human capital’, ‘screening selection’, ‘productivity’, and ‘institutional’ channels, and analyse the links between brain drain and remittances. The development of a partial equilibrium model allows them to combine these various channels in an integrated setting. They quantify the costs and gains of the brain drain for developing countries and analyse how these balance out. In most cases, simulations suggest that at a macroeconomic level, the brain drain may generate short run and long run positive net gains for many developing countries, while adverse overall impacts are found only in a small number of countries exhibiting very high skilled emigration rates.
Kristian Thorn and Lauritz B. Holm‐Nielsen
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199532605
- eISBN:
- 9780191714627
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532605.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
High demand for researchers and scientists has led to an increase in skilled migration in recent years. The chapter focuses on improving our understanding of the push and pull factors affecting the ...
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High demand for researchers and scientists has led to an increase in skilled migration in recent years. The chapter focuses on improving our understanding of the push and pull factors affecting the migration decisions of researchers and scientists from developing countries and discusses policy options for maximizing the potential gains associated with international mobility of advanced human capital. Evidence suggests that a reasonable salary level should be guaranteed but that return decisions of researchers and scientists are primarily shaped by factors such as the quality of the research environment, professional reward structures, and access to state-of-the-art equipment.Less
High demand for researchers and scientists has led to an increase in skilled migration in recent years. The chapter focuses on improving our understanding of the push and pull factors affecting the migration decisions of researchers and scientists from developing countries and discusses policy options for maximizing the potential gains associated with international mobility of advanced human capital. Evidence suggests that a reasonable salary level should be guaranteed but that return decisions of researchers and scientists are primarily shaped by factors such as the quality of the research environment, professional reward structures, and access to state-of-the-art equipment.
Nan M. Sussman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028832
- eISBN:
- 9789882207370
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028832.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
The global trend for immigrants to return home has unique relevance for Hong Kong. This work of cross-cultural psychology explores many personal stories of return migration. The author captures in ...
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The global trend for immigrants to return home has unique relevance for Hong Kong. This work of cross-cultural psychology explores many personal stories of return migration. The author captures in dozens of interviews the anxieties, anticipations, hardships, and flexible world perspectives of migrants and their families, as well as friends and co-workers. The book examines cultural identity shifts and population flows during a critical juncture in Hong Kong history between the Sino–British Joint Declaration in 1984 and the early years of Hong Kong's new status as a special administrative region after 1997. Nearly a million residents of Hong Kong migrated to North America, Europe, and Australia in the 1990s. These interviews and analyses help illustrate individual choices and identity profiles during this period of unusual cultural flexibility and behavioral adjustment.Less
The global trend for immigrants to return home has unique relevance for Hong Kong. This work of cross-cultural psychology explores many personal stories of return migration. The author captures in dozens of interviews the anxieties, anticipations, hardships, and flexible world perspectives of migrants and their families, as well as friends and co-workers. The book examines cultural identity shifts and population flows during a critical juncture in Hong Kong history between the Sino–British Joint Declaration in 1984 and the early years of Hong Kong's new status as a special administrative region after 1997. Nearly a million residents of Hong Kong migrated to North America, Europe, and Australia in the 1990s. These interviews and analyses help illustrate individual choices and identity profiles during this period of unusual cultural flexibility and behavioral adjustment.
Marjory Harper and Stephen Constantine
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199250936
- eISBN:
- 9780191594847
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250936.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
During the nineteenth century, the proportion of UK migrants heading to empire destinations, especially to Canada, Australia and New Zealand, increased substantially and remained high. They included ...
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During the nineteenth century, the proportion of UK migrants heading to empire destinations, especially to Canada, Australia and New Zealand, increased substantially and remained high. They included so‐called ‘surplus women’ and ‘children in care’, shipped overseas to ease perceived social problems at home. However, empire migrants also included entrepreneurs and indentured labourers from south Asia, Africa and the Pacific (plus others from the Far East, outside the empire), who relocated in huge numbers with equally transformative effects in, for example, central and southern Africa, the Caribbean, Ceylon, Mauritius and Fiji. The UK at the core of empire was also the recipient of empire migrants, especially from the ‘New Commonwealth’ after 1945. Analysis of these several flows shows that migrants— whatever their origins— similarly responded to pressures at home, perceived opportunities overseas, and, in many cases, the recruiting efforts of governments and entrepreneurs; and they all eventually benefited from improved forms of transportation. All shared similar challenges in transferring and adapting their cultural identities, and the rewards of migration likewise varied among them, as an analysis of return migration reveals. But differences are also evident, since many non‐white migrants were recruited into the lower level of a dual labour market headed by a white elite, and immigration controls limited non‐white entry even of British subjects into the ‘white’ dominions, and later into the UK. Legacies remain, but political change and shifts in the global labour market had eroded by the 1970s the once intimate relationship between migration and empire.Less
During the nineteenth century, the proportion of UK migrants heading to empire destinations, especially to Canada, Australia and New Zealand, increased substantially and remained high. They included so‐called ‘surplus women’ and ‘children in care’, shipped overseas to ease perceived social problems at home. However, empire migrants also included entrepreneurs and indentured labourers from south Asia, Africa and the Pacific (plus others from the Far East, outside the empire), who relocated in huge numbers with equally transformative effects in, for example, central and southern Africa, the Caribbean, Ceylon, Mauritius and Fiji. The UK at the core of empire was also the recipient of empire migrants, especially from the ‘New Commonwealth’ after 1945. Analysis of these several flows shows that migrants— whatever their origins— similarly responded to pressures at home, perceived opportunities overseas, and, in many cases, the recruiting efforts of governments and entrepreneurs; and they all eventually benefited from improved forms of transportation. All shared similar challenges in transferring and adapting their cultural identities, and the rewards of migration likewise varied among them, as an analysis of return migration reveals. But differences are also evident, since many non‐white migrants were recruited into the lower level of a dual labour market headed by a white elite, and immigration controls limited non‐white entry even of British subjects into the ‘white’ dominions, and later into the UK. Legacies remain, but political change and shifts in the global labour market had eroded by the 1970s the once intimate relationship between migration and empire.
Tito Boeri, Herbert Brücker, Frédéric Docquier, and Hillel Rapoport (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199654826
- eISBN:
- 9780191742095
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654826.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, Financial Economics
This volume reviews the most recent research on brain drain and brain gain, producing new original results by the means of data sources specifically assembled for this study, and addressing several ...
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This volume reviews the most recent research on brain drain and brain gain, producing new original results by the means of data sources specifically assembled for this study, and addressing several key policy issues. Part I focuses on brain gain, that is, it takes the standpoint of the recipient country. The first section provides an overview of skill‐selective immigration policies in the main destination countries and of the major shifts in these policies which have been recently observed. It also documents the strong economic gains from immigration of highly skilled migrants. But what drives the decisions of highly skilled migrants as to where to locate? The econometric analyses performed by the authors indicate that it is mainly the labour market that is key to attracting talent, wage premia on education in particular. R&D spending also induces greater inflows of highly skilled migrants, while generous welfare benefits and strict employment protection end up attracting more unskilled workers. Part II is devoted to the consequences of brain drain, taking the point of view of the sending country. This second section provides for the first time a measure of the net global impact of the brain drain on sending countries. The results indicate that most developing countries experience a net gain from skilled emigration. Adverse overall impacts are found to be limited only to a subset of countries exhibiting very high skilled emigration rates. A number of policy recommendations are also offered to increase the benefits of brain drain.Less
This volume reviews the most recent research on brain drain and brain gain, producing new original results by the means of data sources specifically assembled for this study, and addressing several key policy issues. Part I focuses on brain gain, that is, it takes the standpoint of the recipient country. The first section provides an overview of skill‐selective immigration policies in the main destination countries and of the major shifts in these policies which have been recently observed. It also documents the strong economic gains from immigration of highly skilled migrants. But what drives the decisions of highly skilled migrants as to where to locate? The econometric analyses performed by the authors indicate that it is mainly the labour market that is key to attracting talent, wage premia on education in particular. R&D spending also induces greater inflows of highly skilled migrants, while generous welfare benefits and strict employment protection end up attracting more unskilled workers. Part II is devoted to the consequences of brain drain, taking the point of view of the sending country. This second section provides for the first time a measure of the net global impact of the brain drain on sending countries. The results indicate that most developing countries experience a net gain from skilled emigration. Adverse overall impacts are found to be limited only to a subset of countries exhibiting very high skilled emigration rates. A number of policy recommendations are also offered to increase the benefits of brain drain.
Iraida H. López
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061030
- eISBN:
- 9780813051307
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061030.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
The one-and-a-half generation is split among those who uphold the travel ban and those who have dared to go back. The return accomplished by members of this generation responds to the pull that ...
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The one-and-a-half generation is split among those who uphold the travel ban and those who have dared to go back. The return accomplished by members of this generation responds to the pull that “Cuba” exerts even among those who refrain from physically going back. In addition to addressing the theoretical underpinnings of the study and questions of terminology, this chapter also reviews canonical Cuban texts on return and the secondary literature on return migration.Less
The one-and-a-half generation is split among those who uphold the travel ban and those who have dared to go back. The return accomplished by members of this generation responds to the pull that “Cuba” exerts even among those who refrain from physically going back. In addition to addressing the theoretical underpinnings of the study and questions of terminology, this chapter also reviews canonical Cuban texts on return and the secondary literature on return migration.
David Gutman
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474445245
- eISBN:
- 9781474476829
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445245.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter argues that a surprisingly large number of Armenian migrants returned to the Ottoman Empire between 1890 and 1908 in the face of many obstacles. It demonstrates how in this period, the ...
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This chapter argues that a surprisingly large number of Armenian migrants returned to the Ottoman Empire between 1890 and 1908 in the face of many obstacles. It demonstrates how in this period, the Ottoman state increasingly viewed Armenian return migration as a major threat to the empire’s political stability. As a result, Armenians were forced to find creative ways to bypass Istanbul’s efforts to keep them out. By the first decade of the twentieth century, the Ottoman state was engaged in an ambitious effort to militarize points of entry, both on land and sea, in an effort to stop Armenian migrants from reentering the empire, employing a decidedly “modern” discourse of border security to justify these efforts.Less
This chapter argues that a surprisingly large number of Armenian migrants returned to the Ottoman Empire between 1890 and 1908 in the face of many obstacles. It demonstrates how in this period, the Ottoman state increasingly viewed Armenian return migration as a major threat to the empire’s political stability. As a result, Armenians were forced to find creative ways to bypass Istanbul’s efforts to keep them out. By the first decade of the twentieth century, the Ottoman state was engaged in an ambitious effort to militarize points of entry, both on land and sea, in an effort to stop Armenian migrants from reentering the empire, employing a decidedly “modern” discourse of border security to justify these efforts.
Marjory Harper and Stephen Constantine
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199250936
- eISBN:
- 9780191594847
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250936.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter opens by describing the changing volume of UK emigration, particularly though not only to empire destinations (and not only to the colonies of ‘white settlement’), as well as the ...
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This chapter opens by describing the changing volume of UK emigration, particularly though not only to empire destinations (and not only to the colonies of ‘white settlement’), as well as the movement of non‐white migrants around the empire and of others entering from outside. It then sets the agenda for the rest of the book. The relationship between migrant flows, using a dual labour market model, and immigration into the UK (from empire periphery to empire core) are to be addressed. Migrant experiences will be compared, and the roles of colonial and imperial governments and other agencies in affecting migrant flows explored. Chapters consider some of the economic, social, environmental, political and demographic consequences of empire migration (including the impact on indigenous peoples) and also the volume, causes and consequences of return migration.Less
This chapter opens by describing the changing volume of UK emigration, particularly though not only to empire destinations (and not only to the colonies of ‘white settlement’), as well as the movement of non‐white migrants around the empire and of others entering from outside. It then sets the agenda for the rest of the book. The relationship between migrant flows, using a dual labour market model, and immigration into the UK (from empire periphery to empire core) are to be addressed. Migrant experiences will be compared, and the roles of colonial and imperial governments and other agencies in affecting migrant flows explored. Chapters consider some of the economic, social, environmental, political and demographic consequences of empire migration (including the impact on indigenous peoples) and also the volume, causes and consequences of return migration.
Sinéad Moynihan
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781786941800
- eISBN:
- 9781789623246
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786941800.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
The introduction maps out the key assertion of the book: that the Returned Yank surfaces repeatedly and most memorably when questions regarding ‘tradition’ and ‘modernity’ are particularly vexed. ...
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The introduction maps out the key assertion of the book: that the Returned Yank surfaces repeatedly and most memorably when questions regarding ‘tradition’ and ‘modernity’ are particularly vexed. Emphasising the rhetorical significance of the figure of the returned migrant in debates about Irish economic recovery since 2008, the introduction surveys both the creative landscape inhabited by the Returned Yank since the late nineteenth century. Acknowledging that cultural representations of the figure long predate the stated parameters of the book (1952 to present), the introduction goes on to demonstrate to extent to which a series of socio-political, demographic, scholarly, cultural, business-oriented and touristic interests and efforts collided and intersected in Ireland of the 1950s, ensuring that the issues of migration and return – and, most especially, the figure of the Returned Yank – became imprinted on the public consciousness in ways not previously witnessed.Less
The introduction maps out the key assertion of the book: that the Returned Yank surfaces repeatedly and most memorably when questions regarding ‘tradition’ and ‘modernity’ are particularly vexed. Emphasising the rhetorical significance of the figure of the returned migrant in debates about Irish economic recovery since 2008, the introduction surveys both the creative landscape inhabited by the Returned Yank since the late nineteenth century. Acknowledging that cultural representations of the figure long predate the stated parameters of the book (1952 to present), the introduction goes on to demonstrate to extent to which a series of socio-political, demographic, scholarly, cultural, business-oriented and touristic interests and efforts collided and intersected in Ireland of the 1950s, ensuring that the issues of migration and return – and, most especially, the figure of the Returned Yank – became imprinted on the public consciousness in ways not previously witnessed.
John Percival
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447301226
- eISBN:
- 9781447311010
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447301226.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
The main objective of this edited volume is to explore the motivations, decision making processes, and consequences, when older people consider or accomplish return migration to their place of ...
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The main objective of this edited volume is to explore the motivations, decision making processes, and consequences, when older people consider or accomplish return migration to their place of origin; and also to raise the public policy profile of this increasingly important subject. The book examines in detail a range of themes affecting return migrations, including: family ties, obligations and their emotive strengths; comparative quality, and cost, of health and welfare provision in host and home countries; older age transitions and cultural affinity with homeland; and psychological adjustment, belonging and attachment to place. The wide ranging collection covers refugee, political, heritage, life-style, or family-oriented return. There is varying emphasis on permanent return, non-permanent returns, and visits to place of origin, which reflects variety in strategic approaches to return migrations and mobilities in later life. The book is unique in bringing this breadth and depth of exploration to bear on older people's return movements, providing a focused synthesis that allows a neglected subject to receive due attention in an era of ageing and more mobile societies. Chapters reflect a variety of quantitative, qualitative and ethnographic methods of enquiry, by researchers from different disciplines, including social gerontology, anthropology, migration and human geography perspectives. The book will be of use and interest to public service providers, government departments, agencies working with and for older people, policy developers, research bodies, and commercial organizations with interest and experience in travel and tourism.Less
The main objective of this edited volume is to explore the motivations, decision making processes, and consequences, when older people consider or accomplish return migration to their place of origin; and also to raise the public policy profile of this increasingly important subject. The book examines in detail a range of themes affecting return migrations, including: family ties, obligations and their emotive strengths; comparative quality, and cost, of health and welfare provision in host and home countries; older age transitions and cultural affinity with homeland; and psychological adjustment, belonging and attachment to place. The wide ranging collection covers refugee, political, heritage, life-style, or family-oriented return. There is varying emphasis on permanent return, non-permanent returns, and visits to place of origin, which reflects variety in strategic approaches to return migrations and mobilities in later life. The book is unique in bringing this breadth and depth of exploration to bear on older people's return movements, providing a focused synthesis that allows a neglected subject to receive due attention in an era of ageing and more mobile societies. Chapters reflect a variety of quantitative, qualitative and ethnographic methods of enquiry, by researchers from different disciplines, including social gerontology, anthropology, migration and human geography perspectives. The book will be of use and interest to public service providers, government departments, agencies working with and for older people, policy developers, research bodies, and commercial organizations with interest and experience in travel and tourism.
Anne White
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847428202
- eISBN:
- 9781447303008
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428202.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter considers interviewees' opinions about returns, both to live in Poland and for holidays which help shape thoughts about longer-term or permanent return. It provides some general thoughts ...
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This chapter considers interviewees' opinions about returns, both to live in Poland and for holidays which help shape thoughts about longer-term or permanent return. It provides some general thoughts about return migration and then looks more specifically at the scale and patterns of contemporary return migration to Poland. It discusses interviewees' perceptions about how many people were returning, and the permanence or otherwise of that return. It explores how migrants think about the duration of their stay, including the changeability of their plans. It looks at their perceptions of Poland and of their potential livelihoods in Poland as compared to their actual livelihoods in the UK.Less
This chapter considers interviewees' opinions about returns, both to live in Poland and for holidays which help shape thoughts about longer-term or permanent return. It provides some general thoughts about return migration and then looks more specifically at the scale and patterns of contemporary return migration to Poland. It discusses interviewees' perceptions about how many people were returning, and the permanence or otherwise of that return. It explores how migrants think about the duration of their stay, including the changeability of their plans. It looks at their perceptions of Poland and of their potential livelihoods in Poland as compared to their actual livelihoods in the UK.
Sinéad Moynihan
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781786941800
- eISBN:
- 9781789623246
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786941800.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
Drawing on historical, literary and cultural studies perspectives, this book examines the phenomenon of the “Returned Yank” in the cultural imagination, taking as its point of departure the most ...
More
Drawing on historical, literary and cultural studies perspectives, this book examines the phenomenon of the “Returned Yank” in the cultural imagination, taking as its point of departure the most exhaustively discussed Returned Yank narrative, The Quiet Man (dir. John Ford, 1952). Often dismissed as a figure that embodies the sentimentality and nostalgia of Irish America writ large, this study argues that the Returned Yank’s role in the Irish cultural imagination is much more varied and complex than this simplistic construction allows. Throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first, s/he has been widely discussed in broadcast and print media, and depicted in plays, novels, short stories and films. The imagined figure of the Returned Yank has been the driving impetus behind some of Ireland's most well-known touristic endeavours and festivals. In the form of U.S. Presidential visits, s/he has repeatedly been the catalyst for questions surrounding Irish identity. Most significantly, s/he has been mobilised as an arbiter in one of the most important debates in post-Independence Ireland: should Ireland remain a "traditional" society or should it seek to modernise? His/her repeated appearances in Irish literature and culture after 1952 – in remarkably heterogeneous, often very sophisticated ways – refute claims of the “aesthetic caution” of Irish writers, dramatists and filmmakers responding to the tradition/modernity debate.Less
Drawing on historical, literary and cultural studies perspectives, this book examines the phenomenon of the “Returned Yank” in the cultural imagination, taking as its point of departure the most exhaustively discussed Returned Yank narrative, The Quiet Man (dir. John Ford, 1952). Often dismissed as a figure that embodies the sentimentality and nostalgia of Irish America writ large, this study argues that the Returned Yank’s role in the Irish cultural imagination is much more varied and complex than this simplistic construction allows. Throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first, s/he has been widely discussed in broadcast and print media, and depicted in plays, novels, short stories and films. The imagined figure of the Returned Yank has been the driving impetus behind some of Ireland's most well-known touristic endeavours and festivals. In the form of U.S. Presidential visits, s/he has repeatedly been the catalyst for questions surrounding Irish identity. Most significantly, s/he has been mobilised as an arbiter in one of the most important debates in post-Independence Ireland: should Ireland remain a "traditional" society or should it seek to modernise? His/her repeated appearances in Irish literature and culture after 1952 – in remarkably heterogeneous, often very sophisticated ways – refute claims of the “aesthetic caution” of Irish writers, dramatists and filmmakers responding to the tradition/modernity debate.
Jaan Masso, Lucia Mýtna Kureková, Maryna Tverdostup, and Zuzana Žilincˇíková
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190864798
- eISBN:
- 9780190864828
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190864798.003.0016
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy, Communities and Organizations
This chapter addresses patterns of return migration in Estonia and Slovakia. It investigates the selection of emigrants who decide to return home and analyzes their characteristics compared to ...
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This chapter addresses patterns of return migration in Estonia and Slovakia. It investigates the selection of emigrants who decide to return home and analyzes their characteristics compared to emigrants who remain abroad and to fellow nationals who did not emigrate, as well as the labor market status of young returnees after re-entering the domestic labor market. The comparative analysis of the two national Labor Force Survey samples suggests that among young returnees, level of education has no association with the decision to return home. An education–occupation mismatch affects the decision to return among young and highly educated Estonian migrants, whereas no such effect is found for young Slovak returnees. The analysis of post-return labor market status reveals that both Estonian and Slovak returnees are more likely to face short-term unemployment after re-entering the domestic labor market than are emigrants who remain abroad or people who stayed at home.Less
This chapter addresses patterns of return migration in Estonia and Slovakia. It investigates the selection of emigrants who decide to return home and analyzes their characteristics compared to emigrants who remain abroad and to fellow nationals who did not emigrate, as well as the labor market status of young returnees after re-entering the domestic labor market. The comparative analysis of the two national Labor Force Survey samples suggests that among young returnees, level of education has no association with the decision to return home. An education–occupation mismatch affects the decision to return among young and highly educated Estonian migrants, whereas no such effect is found for young Slovak returnees. The analysis of post-return labor market status reveals that both Estonian and Slovak returnees are more likely to face short-term unemployment after re-entering the domestic labor market than are emigrants who remain abroad or people who stayed at home.
Daniel Naujoks
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198084983
- eISBN:
- 9780199082643
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198084983.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
For the assessment of the effect of a diasporic membership status like Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) has on India’s development, this chapter explores what its consequences are on ...
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For the assessment of the effect of a diasporic membership status like Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) has on India’s development, this chapter explores what its consequences are on development-related behavior and interaction. It assesses the effects of OCI on the ability of overseas Indians and their decision to indulge in development-related activities, as well as the permissibility of such activities, the consequences of the four principal effects discussed in the previous chapters are broken down to concrete actions and transactions. Distinguishing six different groups of individuals that are affected by the principal effects, this chapter elaborates upon several concrete mechanisms concerning the effects of OCI on developmental activities with regard to remittances, investment, political advocacy, diasporic philanthropy, return and re-migration. It concludes with a preliminary exploration of the possibilities of incorporating these findings into a more general framework to assess the development effects of diasporic membership statuses that applies to other diasporic communities.Less
For the assessment of the effect of a diasporic membership status like Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) has on India’s development, this chapter explores what its consequences are on development-related behavior and interaction. It assesses the effects of OCI on the ability of overseas Indians and their decision to indulge in development-related activities, as well as the permissibility of such activities, the consequences of the four principal effects discussed in the previous chapters are broken down to concrete actions and transactions. Distinguishing six different groups of individuals that are affected by the principal effects, this chapter elaborates upon several concrete mechanisms concerning the effects of OCI on developmental activities with regard to remittances, investment, political advocacy, diasporic philanthropy, return and re-migration. It concludes with a preliminary exploration of the possibilities of incorporating these findings into a more general framework to assess the development effects of diasporic membership statuses that applies to other diasporic communities.
Iraida H. López
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061030
- eISBN:
- 9780813051307
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061030.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Chapter 1 provides the necessary historical background to migration and return. It offers a summary of postrevolutionary migration waves, concise information on the Operation Pedro Pan, the policies ...
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Chapter 1 provides the necessary historical background to migration and return. It offers a summary of postrevolutionary migration waves, concise information on the Operation Pedro Pan, the policies that have eased or hindered travel in Cuba and the United States, and the range of attitudes toward return in the Cuban-American community and elsewhere. Additionally, it explores reports on the initial trips to Cuba undertaken by the Antonio Maceo Brigade and Grupo Areíto in the late 1970s as well as others more individually focused that followed.Less
Chapter 1 provides the necessary historical background to migration and return. It offers a summary of postrevolutionary migration waves, concise information on the Operation Pedro Pan, the policies that have eased or hindered travel in Cuba and the United States, and the range of attitudes toward return in the Cuban-American community and elsewhere. Additionally, it explores reports on the initial trips to Cuba undertaken by the Antonio Maceo Brigade and Grupo Areíto in the late 1970s as well as others more individually focused that followed.
David Gutman
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474445245
- eISBN:
- 9781474476829
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445245.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter examines the politics of Armenian return migration in both the Ottoman Empire and United States between 1890 and 1908. In the mid-1890s, allegations of Ottoman mistreatment of returning ...
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This chapter examines the politics of Armenian return migration in both the Ottoman Empire and United States between 1890 and 1908. In the mid-1890s, allegations of Ottoman mistreatment of returning Armenians who had naturalized as US citizens while abroad caused a major diplomatic row between the two states. Over the course of the late-1890s, harnessing the growing anti-immigrant sentiment in the US, Ottoman diplomatic officials successfully convinced the US government to grant Istanbul wide latitude in handling the return of Armenians who claimed US citizenship. By the start of the twentieth century, the convergence of Ottoman and US policies on Armenian return resulted in returnees losing the protections of citizenship and rendering them vulnerable to imprisonment and deportation from the empire.Less
This chapter examines the politics of Armenian return migration in both the Ottoman Empire and United States between 1890 and 1908. In the mid-1890s, allegations of Ottoman mistreatment of returning Armenians who had naturalized as US citizens while abroad caused a major diplomatic row between the two states. Over the course of the late-1890s, harnessing the growing anti-immigrant sentiment in the US, Ottoman diplomatic officials successfully convinced the US government to grant Istanbul wide latitude in handling the return of Armenians who claimed US citizenship. By the start of the twentieth century, the convergence of Ottoman and US policies on Armenian return resulted in returnees losing the protections of citizenship and rendering them vulnerable to imprisonment and deportation from the empire.
Daniel Naujoks
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198084983
- eISBN:
- 9780199082643
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198084983.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter contains a conceptual framework of migration and development. It elaborates upon the meanings, concepts, and metrics of development, India’s development needs, as well as the diasporic ...
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This chapter contains a conceptual framework of migration and development. It elaborates upon the meanings, concepts, and metrics of development, India’s development needs, as well as the diasporic activities that may affect developmental categories in India. It reflects on the major stages in the migration cycle, emigration, interactions between the migrants and the homeland during the migrants’ stay abroad—so-called diaspora options—return migration, and lastly, re-migration. It also considers and examines a wide range of direct, intermediary, and indirect effects of the Indian diaspora on the social and economic development of India—investment, remittances, trade, philanthropy and social change, the transmission of knowledge and skills, national branding, and political advocacy. The chapter discerns migration-related contributions to major drivers of economic and human development, such as investment, consumption, trade, as well as innovation and entrepreneurship, on the one hand, and disposable income, institutions and facilities and social patterns, on the other.Less
This chapter contains a conceptual framework of migration and development. It elaborates upon the meanings, concepts, and metrics of development, India’s development needs, as well as the diasporic activities that may affect developmental categories in India. It reflects on the major stages in the migration cycle, emigration, interactions between the migrants and the homeland during the migrants’ stay abroad—so-called diaspora options—return migration, and lastly, re-migration. It also considers and examines a wide range of direct, intermediary, and indirect effects of the Indian diaspora on the social and economic development of India—investment, remittances, trade, philanthropy and social change, the transmission of knowledge and skills, national branding, and political advocacy. The chapter discerns migration-related contributions to major drivers of economic and human development, such as investment, consumption, trade, as well as innovation and entrepreneurship, on the one hand, and disposable income, institutions and facilities and social patterns, on the other.
John Percival
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447301226
- eISBN:
- 9781447311010
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447301226.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
This introductory chapter presents the aims, rationale, context, scope and layout of the book, with a brief synopsis of each author's chapter. The chapter begins by reviewing current knowledge as a ...
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This introductory chapter presents the aims, rationale, context, scope and layout of the book, with a brief synopsis of each author's chapter. The chapter begins by reviewing current knowledge as a basis for arguing that there are two important and related reasons for a consolidated focus on the subject of return migration in later life: a need for more detailed research on return migration; and a general lack of attention to migration in later life. The chapter then introduces relevant themes that receive attention throughout the book, including: migration flows and patterns; identity and place attachment; life course perspectives; family ties and obligations; and health and resource planning. Further chapters in the book are briefly introduced in respect of descriptive groupings: propensities and determinants; motivations and strategies; priorities and evaluations; and personal and cultural consequences of return.Less
This introductory chapter presents the aims, rationale, context, scope and layout of the book, with a brief synopsis of each author's chapter. The chapter begins by reviewing current knowledge as a basis for arguing that there are two important and related reasons for a consolidated focus on the subject of return migration in later life: a need for more detailed research on return migration; and a general lack of attention to migration in later life. The chapter then introduces relevant themes that receive attention throughout the book, including: migration flows and patterns; identity and place attachment; life course perspectives; family ties and obligations; and health and resource planning. Further chapters in the book are briefly introduced in respect of descriptive groupings: propensities and determinants; motivations and strategies; priorities and evaluations; and personal and cultural consequences of return.
David Gutman
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474445245
- eISBN:
- 9781474476829
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445245.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This book tells the story of Armenian migration to North America in the late Ottoman period, and Istanbul’s efforts to prevent it. It shows how, much like the present, migrants in the late 19th and ...
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This book tells the story of Armenian migration to North America in the late Ottoman period, and Istanbul’s efforts to prevent it. It shows how, much like the present, migrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were forced to travel through clandestine smuggling networks, frustrating the enforcement of the ban on migration. Further, migrants who attempted to return home from sojourns in North America risked debarment at the border and deportation, while the return of migrants who had naturalised as US citizens generated friction between the United States and Ottoman governments.
The author sheds light on the relationship between the imperial state and its Armenian populations in the decades leading up to the Armenian genocide. He also places the Ottoman Empire squarely in the middle of global debates on migration, border control and restriction in this period, adding to our understanding of the global historical origins of contemporary immigration politics and other issues of relevance in the Middle East region, such as borders and frontiers, migrants and refugees, and ethno-religious minorities.Less
This book tells the story of Armenian migration to North America in the late Ottoman period, and Istanbul’s efforts to prevent it. It shows how, much like the present, migrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were forced to travel through clandestine smuggling networks, frustrating the enforcement of the ban on migration. Further, migrants who attempted to return home from sojourns in North America risked debarment at the border and deportation, while the return of migrants who had naturalised as US citizens generated friction between the United States and Ottoman governments.
The author sheds light on the relationship between the imperial state and its Armenian populations in the decades leading up to the Armenian genocide. He also places the Ottoman Empire squarely in the middle of global debates on migration, border control and restriction in this period, adding to our understanding of the global historical origins of contemporary immigration politics and other issues of relevance in the Middle East region, such as borders and frontiers, migrants and refugees, and ethno-religious minorities.
