Philip Endean
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198270287
- eISBN:
- 9780191683961
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198270287.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Karl Rahner SJ, (1904–84), perhaps the most influential figure in 20th-century Roman Catholic theology, believed that the most significant influence on his work was Ignatius Loyola's Spiritual ...
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Karl Rahner SJ, (1904–84), perhaps the most influential figure in 20th-century Roman Catholic theology, believed that the most significant influence on his work was Ignatius Loyola's Spiritual Exercises. This book casts significant new light on Rahner's achievement by presenting it against the background of the rediscovery of Ignatian spirituality in the middle decades of the 20th century. It offers a fresh and contemporary theological interpretation of Ignatian retreat-giving, illuminating the creative new departures this ministry has taken in the last thirty years, as well as contributing to the lively current debate regarding the relationship between spirituality and speculative theology.Less
Karl Rahner SJ, (1904–84), perhaps the most influential figure in 20th-century Roman Catholic theology, believed that the most significant influence on his work was Ignatius Loyola's Spiritual Exercises. This book casts significant new light on Rahner's achievement by presenting it against the background of the rediscovery of Ignatian spirituality in the middle decades of the 20th century. It offers a fresh and contemporary theological interpretation of Ignatian retreat-giving, illuminating the creative new departures this ministry has taken in the last thirty years, as well as contributing to the lively current debate regarding the relationship between spirituality and speculative theology.
Mark Carey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195396065
- eISBN:
- 9780199775682
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396065.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Climate change is producing profound changes globally. This environmental history analysis offers a much needed but barely examined ground‐level study of human impacts and responses to climate change ...
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Climate change is producing profound changes globally. This environmental history analysis offers a much needed but barely examined ground‐level study of human impacts and responses to climate change over time. It analyzes how people around Peru's Cordillera Blanca mountain range grappled with climate‐induced glacial lake outburst floods and glacier avalanches, which killed approximately 25,000 people since 1941. As survivors grieved, they formed community organizations and demanded state programs to drain dangerous glacial lakes. Yet they rejected hazard zoning in their communities. Peruvian engineers working with miniscule budgets invented innovative strategies to drain dozens of unstable lakes that continue forming in the twenty first century. But hazard mitigation, disaster responses, and climate change adaptation were never just about engineering the Andes to protect vulnerable populations. Local urban and rural populations, engineers, hydroelectric developers, irrigators, tourists, and policymakers all perceived and responded to glacier retreat differently, based on their own view of an ideal Andean world. Disaster prevention projects involved debates about economic development, state authority, race relations, class divisions, cultural values, the evolution of science and technology studies, and shifting views of nature. Over time, the influx of new groups helped transform glaciated mountains into commodities to consume. Locals lost power in the process and today comprise just one among many stakeholders—and perhaps the least powerful. Climate change transformed a region, triggering catastrophes while simultaneously jumpstarting political and economic modernization processes. This book's historical perspective illuminates these trends that would be overlooked in any scientific projections about future climate scenarios.Less
Climate change is producing profound changes globally. This environmental history analysis offers a much needed but barely examined ground‐level study of human impacts and responses to climate change over time. It analyzes how people around Peru's Cordillera Blanca mountain range grappled with climate‐induced glacial lake outburst floods and glacier avalanches, which killed approximately 25,000 people since 1941. As survivors grieved, they formed community organizations and demanded state programs to drain dangerous glacial lakes. Yet they rejected hazard zoning in their communities. Peruvian engineers working with miniscule budgets invented innovative strategies to drain dozens of unstable lakes that continue forming in the twenty first century. But hazard mitigation, disaster responses, and climate change adaptation were never just about engineering the Andes to protect vulnerable populations. Local urban and rural populations, engineers, hydroelectric developers, irrigators, tourists, and policymakers all perceived and responded to glacier retreat differently, based on their own view of an ideal Andean world. Disaster prevention projects involved debates about economic development, state authority, race relations, class divisions, cultural values, the evolution of science and technology studies, and shifting views of nature. Over time, the influx of new groups helped transform glaciated mountains into commodities to consume. Locals lost power in the process and today comprise just one among many stakeholders—and perhaps the least powerful. Climate change transformed a region, triggering catastrophes while simultaneously jumpstarting political and economic modernization processes. This book's historical perspective illuminates these trends that would be overlooked in any scientific projections about future climate scenarios.
Fiona Leverick
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199283460
- eISBN:
- 9780191712654
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283460.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter examines the issue of whether the law of self-defence should contain a retreat requirement, drawing on the rights based analysis of the defence presented in Chapter 3. The various ...
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This chapter examines the issue of whether the law of self-defence should contain a retreat requirement, drawing on the rights based analysis of the defence presented in Chapter 3. The various options for the law of self-defence in relation to retreat are examined — no retreat rule, a strong retreat rule, a weak retreat rule, and an absolute retreat rule — before the conclusion is reached that the strong retreat rule is the most appropriate option as this pays maximum respect to the right to life of both the aggressor and the victim of the attack. It is argued that a retreat rule should apply even when the attack takes place in the victim's home, providing that retreat can be safely accomplished without any danger to the victim. The chapter also examines the approaches taken to retreat in self-defence in the major common law jurisdictions.Less
This chapter examines the issue of whether the law of self-defence should contain a retreat requirement, drawing on the rights based analysis of the defence presented in Chapter 3. The various options for the law of self-defence in relation to retreat are examined — no retreat rule, a strong retreat rule, a weak retreat rule, and an absolute retreat rule — before the conclusion is reached that the strong retreat rule is the most appropriate option as this pays maximum respect to the right to life of both the aggressor and the victim of the attack. It is argued that a retreat rule should apply even when the attack takes place in the victim's home, providing that retreat can be safely accomplished without any danger to the victim. The chapter also examines the approaches taken to retreat in self-defence in the major common law jurisdictions.
Mark Carey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195396065
- eISBN:
- 9780199775682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396065.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter introduces the subject of Peruvian responses to climate change and ensuing glacier catastrophes from 1941 to the present. In Peru's Cordillera Blanca mountain range, which towers above ...
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This chapter introduces the subject of Peruvian responses to climate change and ensuing glacier catastrophes from 1941 to the present. In Peru's Cordillera Blanca mountain range, which towers above the Callejón de Huaylas valley in the Ancash Department, 25,000 people have died from glacier-related disasters (glacial lake outburst floods and avalanches). The chapter places this study within current historiography on climate history, the history of science and technology, environmental history, Peruvian history, Latin American history, disaster studies, and glacier-society relations both globally and in the Andean region. The chapter then demonstrates why glacier retreat in Peru's Cordillera Blanca mountain range is an ideal case study for understanding long-term human adaptation to climate change, as well as analyzing how science evolves in societal context following climate change and natural disasters. Responses to climate change, which brought scientists and engineers to the Cordillera Blanca, unleashed a process called disaster economics: the use of catastrophes or disaster mitigation programs to promote and empower a range of economic development interests in both the public and private sectors. Climate change triggered historical processes and scientific developments far beyond the immediate disasters caused by melting glaciers.Less
This chapter introduces the subject of Peruvian responses to climate change and ensuing glacier catastrophes from 1941 to the present. In Peru's Cordillera Blanca mountain range, which towers above the Callejón de Huaylas valley in the Ancash Department, 25,000 people have died from glacier-related disasters (glacial lake outburst floods and avalanches). The chapter places this study within current historiography on climate history, the history of science and technology, environmental history, Peruvian history, Latin American history, disaster studies, and glacier-society relations both globally and in the Andean region. The chapter then demonstrates why glacier retreat in Peru's Cordillera Blanca mountain range is an ideal case study for understanding long-term human adaptation to climate change, as well as analyzing how science evolves in societal context following climate change and natural disasters. Responses to climate change, which brought scientists and engineers to the Cordillera Blanca, unleashed a process called disaster economics: the use of catastrophes or disaster mitigation programs to promote and empower a range of economic development interests in both the public and private sectors. Climate change triggered historical processes and scientific developments far beyond the immediate disasters caused by melting glaciers.
Mark Carey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195396065
- eISBN:
- 9780199775682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396065.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
In 1950, the Los Cedros glacial lake outburst flood destroyed the nearly constructed Cañón del Pato hydroelectric facility. President Manuel Odría responded by creating the Control Commission of ...
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In 1950, the Los Cedros glacial lake outburst flood destroyed the nearly constructed Cañón del Pato hydroelectric facility. President Manuel Odría responded by creating the Control Commission of Cordillera Blanca Lakes to prevent additional floods caused by climate change and glacier retreat in the Andes. The Lakes Commission achieved marked success in glacier science and glacial lake engineering during the 1950s and 60s, including a glacial lake inventory, lake classification system, and engineering projects to drain and dam glacial lakes. Government support for the Lakes Commission was often motivated by and facilitated coast-focused economic development initiatives through the Peruvian Santa Corporation rather than humanitarian concerns for vulnerable populations. These hazard mitigation programs ultimately made the state responsible for disaster prevention, and in the process facilitated nation building and gave the government more control over Andean space and resources, in part with local support because residents wanted to prevent floods.Less
In 1950, the Los Cedros glacial lake outburst flood destroyed the nearly constructed Cañón del Pato hydroelectric facility. President Manuel Odría responded by creating the Control Commission of Cordillera Blanca Lakes to prevent additional floods caused by climate change and glacier retreat in the Andes. The Lakes Commission achieved marked success in glacier science and glacial lake engineering during the 1950s and 60s, including a glacial lake inventory, lake classification system, and engineering projects to drain and dam glacial lakes. Government support for the Lakes Commission was often motivated by and facilitated coast-focused economic development initiatives through the Peruvian Santa Corporation rather than humanitarian concerns for vulnerable populations. These hazard mitigation programs ultimately made the state responsible for disaster prevention, and in the process facilitated nation building and gave the government more control over Andean space and resources, in part with local support because residents wanted to prevent floods.
Mark Carey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195396065
- eISBN:
- 9780199775682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396065.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
The Control Commission of Cordillera Blanca Lakes, which was established in 1951 to prevent glacial lake outburst floods caused by climate change and glacier retreat in the Andes, had far-reaching ...
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The Control Commission of Cordillera Blanca Lakes, which was established in 1951 to prevent glacial lake outburst floods caused by climate change and glacier retreat in the Andes, had far-reaching effects on the economic development of Ancash and the Callejón de Huaylas. Engineers who examined glacial lakes brought development interests that had long inspired Peruvian policymakers and developers. They hoped to exploit Andean natural resources to promote national economic development and modernization. Glacial lake flood prevention programs provided a springboard for the expansion of hydroelectricity, road building, tourism, and wage labor. This process whereby disaster spurred economic development is referred to as "disaster economics," which the Lakes Commission carried out after 1951. Economic development directly and indirectly followed the science, technology, engineering, and policies implemented after catastrophes to prevent additional disasters, thereby revealing the social construction of science and engineering.Less
The Control Commission of Cordillera Blanca Lakes, which was established in 1951 to prevent glacial lake outburst floods caused by climate change and glacier retreat in the Andes, had far-reaching effects on the economic development of Ancash and the Callejón de Huaylas. Engineers who examined glacial lakes brought development interests that had long inspired Peruvian policymakers and developers. They hoped to exploit Andean natural resources to promote national economic development and modernization. Glacial lake flood prevention programs provided a springboard for the expansion of hydroelectricity, road building, tourism, and wage labor. This process whereby disaster spurred economic development is referred to as "disaster economics," which the Lakes Commission carried out after 1951. Economic development directly and indirectly followed the science, technology, engineering, and policies implemented after catastrophes to prevent additional disasters, thereby revealing the social construction of science and engineering.
Mark Carey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195396065
- eISBN:
- 9780199775682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396065.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
As glacier retreat threatens people worldwide, this study raises crucial concerns about the successes, failures, and issues that societies might face as they grapple with climate change and shrinking ...
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As glacier retreat threatens people worldwide, this study raises crucial concerns about the successes, failures, and issues that societies might face as they grapple with climate change and shrinking glaciers. This case of climate change adaptation and hazard mitigation in response to glacier disasters over seventy years yields several broadly applicable conclusions. Residents living close to glaciers or in glacially fed watersheds endured the highest cost of glacier retreat because they lost their lives, families, and communities. Disaster responses brought new historical actors—scientists, engineers, water developers, tourists, the nation state, and most recently, the World Bank—to a region where these groups previously had little knowledge about or control over. Each group brought its own ideas about how to define, manage, and utilize the glaciated landscape. Power dynamics among the groups influenced environmental management policies and whose vision for the Andes, its glaciers, and its water ultimately won out.Less
As glacier retreat threatens people worldwide, this study raises crucial concerns about the successes, failures, and issues that societies might face as they grapple with climate change and shrinking glaciers. This case of climate change adaptation and hazard mitigation in response to glacier disasters over seventy years yields several broadly applicable conclusions. Residents living close to glaciers or in glacially fed watersheds endured the highest cost of glacier retreat because they lost their lives, families, and communities. Disaster responses brought new historical actors—scientists, engineers, water developers, tourists, the nation state, and most recently, the World Bank—to a region where these groups previously had little knowledge about or control over. Each group brought its own ideas about how to define, manage, and utilize the glaciated landscape. Power dynamics among the groups influenced environmental management policies and whose vision for the Andes, its glaciers, and its water ultimately won out.
Orrin H. Pilkey, Linda Pilkey-Jarvis, and Keith C. Pilkey
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231168441
- eISBN:
- 9780231541800
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231168441.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Climate
Melting ice sheets and warming oceans are causing the seas to rise. By the end of this century, hundreds of millions of people living at low elevations along coasts will be forced to retreat to ...
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Melting ice sheets and warming oceans are causing the seas to rise. By the end of this century, hundreds of millions of people living at low elevations along coasts will be forced to retreat to higher and safer ground. Because of sea-level rise, major storms will inundate areas farther inland and will lay waste to critical infrastructure, such as water-treatment and energy facilities, creating vast, irreversible pollution by decimating landfills and toxic-waste sites. This big-picture, policy-oriented book explains in gripping terms what rising oceans will do to coastal cities and the drastic actions we must take now to remove vulnerable populations. The authors detail specific threats faced by Miami, New Orleans, New York, and Amsterdam. Aware of the overwhelming social, political, and economic challenges that would accompany effective action, they consider the burden to the taxpayer and the logistics of moving landmarks and infrastructure, including toxic-waste sites. They also show readers the alternative: thousands of environmental refugees, with no legitimate means to regain what they have lost. The authors conclude with effective approaches for addressing climate-change denialism and powerful arguments for reforming U.S. federal coastal management policies.Less
Melting ice sheets and warming oceans are causing the seas to rise. By the end of this century, hundreds of millions of people living at low elevations along coasts will be forced to retreat to higher and safer ground. Because of sea-level rise, major storms will inundate areas farther inland and will lay waste to critical infrastructure, such as water-treatment and energy facilities, creating vast, irreversible pollution by decimating landfills and toxic-waste sites. This big-picture, policy-oriented book explains in gripping terms what rising oceans will do to coastal cities and the drastic actions we must take now to remove vulnerable populations. The authors detail specific threats faced by Miami, New Orleans, New York, and Amsterdam. Aware of the overwhelming social, political, and economic challenges that would accompany effective action, they consider the burden to the taxpayer and the logistics of moving landmarks and infrastructure, including toxic-waste sites. They also show readers the alternative: thousands of environmental refugees, with no legitimate means to regain what they have lost. The authors conclude with effective approaches for addressing climate-change denialism and powerful arguments for reforming U.S. federal coastal management policies.
William A. Richards and G. William Barnard
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231174060
- eISBN:
- 9780231540919
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231174060.003.0019
- Subject:
- Psychology, Psychopharmacology
The Taboo of Knowing who you Are and the future of psychedelic studies.
The Taboo of Knowing who you Are and the future of psychedelic studies.
Lawrence A. Scaff
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147796
- eISBN:
- 9781400836710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147796.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
This chapter examines Max Weber's journey through five states—Atlanta, Georgia; Chattanooga and Knoxville, Tennessee; Asheville and Greensboro, North Carolina; Richmond, Virginia; and Washington, ...
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This chapter examines Max Weber's journey through five states—Atlanta, Georgia; Chattanooga and Knoxville, Tennessee; Asheville and Greensboro, North Carolina; Richmond, Virginia; and Washington, D.C.—that gave him an opportunity to meet American relatives. Max and Marianne Weber's ten days in those five states included visits with descendents of Georg Friedrich Fallenstein and his first wife, Elisabeth Benecke, as well as a meeting with Max's mother, Helene Weber. The condition of the “colonial children” (as the family referred to them) and their prospects in the New World had been under discussion in the family for years. The chapter describes the Webers' itinerary, which included an off-season vacation retreat in Asheville and a trip to Mt. Airy, where Weber was able to observe religion in action. It also explores Weber's notion of what he called the “cool objectivity of sociation.”Less
This chapter examines Max Weber's journey through five states—Atlanta, Georgia; Chattanooga and Knoxville, Tennessee; Asheville and Greensboro, North Carolina; Richmond, Virginia; and Washington, D.C.—that gave him an opportunity to meet American relatives. Max and Marianne Weber's ten days in those five states included visits with descendents of Georg Friedrich Fallenstein and his first wife, Elisabeth Benecke, as well as a meeting with Max's mother, Helene Weber. The condition of the “colonial children” (as the family referred to them) and their prospects in the New World had been under discussion in the family for years. The chapter describes the Webers' itinerary, which included an off-season vacation retreat in Asheville and a trip to Mt. Airy, where Weber was able to observe religion in action. It also explores Weber's notion of what he called the “cool objectivity of sociation.”
John E. Cort
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195132342
- eISBN:
- 9780199834112
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195132343.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Provides a detailed description of the many festivals that constitute the Jain religious year. The most intense period of community observance is the four‐month rainy season retreat (caturmasa), when ...
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Provides a detailed description of the many festivals that constitute the Jain religious year. The most intense period of community observance is the four‐month rainy season retreat (caturmasa), when all mendicants must cease their travels and reside in one place, thereby allowing for extended interaction with the laity. One high point of the retreat is Paryusan; it involves the public recitation of the Kalpa Sutra (which contains biographies of the Jinas, the history of the early mendicant lineages, and the basic mendicant rules), the celebration of Mahavira's birth, and rituals of expiation for all the karmically harmful deeds, words, and thoughts of the previous year. The other high point is the new year festival of Divali (Diwali), when Jain merchants start their annual account books, and all lay Jains engage in rituals designed to ensure a maximum of worldly well‐being for the coming year.Less
Provides a detailed description of the many festivals that constitute the Jain religious year. The most intense period of community observance is the four‐month rainy season retreat (caturmasa), when all mendicants must cease their travels and reside in one place, thereby allowing for extended interaction with the laity. One high point of the retreat is Paryusan; it involves the public recitation of the Kalpa Sutra (which contains biographies of the Jinas, the history of the early mendicant lineages, and the basic mendicant rules), the celebration of Mahavira's birth, and rituals of expiation for all the karmically harmful deeds, words, and thoughts of the previous year. The other high point is the new year festival of Divali (Diwali), when Jain merchants start their annual account books, and all lay Jains engage in rituals designed to ensure a maximum of worldly well‐being for the coming year.
Suzanne Jabro and Kelly Kester-Smith
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520252493
- eISBN:
- 9780520944565
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520252493.003.0043
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter provides a rich example of the many ways that spirituality can become the golden anchor and sustenance for women prisoners. Once a month, a group of women living at the California ...
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This chapter provides a rich example of the many ways that spirituality can become the golden anchor and sustenance for women prisoners. Once a month, a group of women living at the California Institution for Women in Corona, California, and women from the community “outside” gather to breathe in a sense of peace and sisterhood and breathe out the burdens that wear heavy on the heart. Some of the women in the circle are serving lengthy sentences—most of them are lifers. Some of the women in the circle travel from their homes and busy lives to take an equal part in forming an unlikely community. The sum of the group transcends life circumstances to reach a space, and a place, far beyond the walls that separate women in prison from their sisters in the community. The Women of Wisdom circle, who began gathering in 2004, wanted to create a ritual and design a sacred space. Thus, they planned a full-day retreat. And not just any retreat. A retreat that fed the spirit, mind, and body.Less
This chapter provides a rich example of the many ways that spirituality can become the golden anchor and sustenance for women prisoners. Once a month, a group of women living at the California Institution for Women in Corona, California, and women from the community “outside” gather to breathe in a sense of peace and sisterhood and breathe out the burdens that wear heavy on the heart. Some of the women in the circle are serving lengthy sentences—most of them are lifers. Some of the women in the circle travel from their homes and busy lives to take an equal part in forming an unlikely community. The sum of the group transcends life circumstances to reach a space, and a place, far beyond the walls that separate women in prison from their sisters in the community. The Women of Wisdom circle, who began gathering in 2004, wanted to create a ritual and design a sacred space. Thus, they planned a full-day retreat. And not just any retreat. A retreat that fed the spirit, mind, and body.
Ingmar Persson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199276905
- eISBN:
- 9780191603198
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199276900.003.0039
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter summarizes the three dilemmas between rationalism and satisfactionalism, as regards temporal neutrality, personal neutrality, and responsibility. To the extent that we are rationalists, ...
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This chapter summarizes the three dilemmas between rationalism and satisfactionalism, as regards temporal neutrality, personal neutrality, and responsibility. To the extent that we are rationalists, we are forced into a retreat of reason far removed from our everyday frame of mind, while we must let reason retreat from the pretension to fully control our attitudes if we are satisfactionalists. This chapter also points to some factors in our mental constitution which are responsible for the fact that we encounter these sorts of dilemma: (1) we tend mentally represent much more vividly that which is present to our senses than that which is perceptually absent, and (2) our attitudes and concepts are shaped by how we perceive things in everyday life, but this everyday perception does not agree with what reality is like according to our best scientific theories.Less
This chapter summarizes the three dilemmas between rationalism and satisfactionalism, as regards temporal neutrality, personal neutrality, and responsibility. To the extent that we are rationalists, we are forced into a retreat of reason far removed from our everyday frame of mind, while we must let reason retreat from the pretension to fully control our attitudes if we are satisfactionalists. This chapter also points to some factors in our mental constitution which are responsible for the fact that we encounter these sorts of dilemma: (1) we tend mentally represent much more vividly that which is present to our senses than that which is perceptually absent, and (2) our attitudes and concepts are shaped by how we perceive things in everyday life, but this everyday perception does not agree with what reality is like according to our best scientific theories.
John Zimmermann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199693627
- eISBN:
- 9780191741258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693627.003.0024
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter deals with the German resistance in the last months of the war. It shows that the German resistance broke down after the Rhine crossing in March 1945 and that even in this hopeless ...
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This chapter deals with the German resistance in the last months of the war. It shows that the German resistance broke down after the Rhine crossing in March 1945 and that even in this hopeless military situation many soldiers tried not to become POWs, but to avoid fighting wherever possible by evading the enemy and by early retreats.Less
This chapter deals with the German resistance in the last months of the war. It shows that the German resistance broke down after the Rhine crossing in March 1945 and that even in this hopeless military situation many soldiers tried not to become POWs, but to avoid fighting wherever possible by evading the enemy and by early retreats.
Jack Downey
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780823265435
- eISBN:
- 9780823266906
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823265435.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This study investigates the origins, development, and influence of a controversial retreat movement which emerged as a self-consciously countercultural response to the socio-religious revival in ...
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This study investigates the origins, development, and influence of a controversial retreat movement which emerged as a self-consciously countercultural response to the socio-religious revival in early twentieth-century Québec. The movement's founder and namesake, Onésime Lacouture, S.J., developed a redaction of the Ignatian Exercises that was heavily informed by his mystical experiences and ascetic theology. The retreat was wildly attractive to some, while others saw it as overly severe, possibly heretical. The retreat endured Lacouture's personal suppression, and migrated southward to the United States, nesting among sympathetic clergy constellated around Pittsburgh. Its most prolific advocate and apologist was a diocesan priest named John Hugo, who traded blows with antagonistic critics and was himself “exiled” to a series of suburban Pennsylvanian parishes. Hugo would proselytize the retreat tirelessly, and found an enthusiastic vessel in Dorothy Day—cofounder of the Catholic Worker movement, candidate for sainthood, and an icon of contemporary radical Catholic activism. From a socially withdrawn contemplative movement—deeply opposed to mainstream Canadien assimilation into Anglo Canadian culture and the then-ascendant “social Catholicism”—the Lacouture retreat would morph into spiritual fodder for arguably the most radically socially engaged iteration of Roman Catholicism in North America. This book discusses the evolution of “Lacouturisme” and its impact on Catholic Worker theology within the contexts of the Christian ascetic tradition, Catholic engagements with “Modernism,” and spiritual transnationalism.Less
This study investigates the origins, development, and influence of a controversial retreat movement which emerged as a self-consciously countercultural response to the socio-religious revival in early twentieth-century Québec. The movement's founder and namesake, Onésime Lacouture, S.J., developed a redaction of the Ignatian Exercises that was heavily informed by his mystical experiences and ascetic theology. The retreat was wildly attractive to some, while others saw it as overly severe, possibly heretical. The retreat endured Lacouture's personal suppression, and migrated southward to the United States, nesting among sympathetic clergy constellated around Pittsburgh. Its most prolific advocate and apologist was a diocesan priest named John Hugo, who traded blows with antagonistic critics and was himself “exiled” to a series of suburban Pennsylvanian parishes. Hugo would proselytize the retreat tirelessly, and found an enthusiastic vessel in Dorothy Day—cofounder of the Catholic Worker movement, candidate for sainthood, and an icon of contemporary radical Catholic activism. From a socially withdrawn contemplative movement—deeply opposed to mainstream Canadien assimilation into Anglo Canadian culture and the then-ascendant “social Catholicism”—the Lacouture retreat would morph into spiritual fodder for arguably the most radically socially engaged iteration of Roman Catholicism in North America. This book discusses the evolution of “Lacouturisme” and its impact on Catholic Worker theology within the contexts of the Christian ascetic tradition, Catholic engagements with “Modernism,” and spiritual transnationalism.
George Lawless
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198267416
- eISBN:
- 9780191683244
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198267416.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
Several months in late 386 and early 387 were very likely the most tranquil in Augustine's life. Once again he was not alone. Monica managed the house; her other son Navigius was there. Also in ...
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Several months in late 386 and early 387 were very likely the most tranquil in Augustine's life. Once again he was not alone. Monica managed the house; her other son Navigius was there. Also in residence were teenage pupils, Licentius and Trygetius; Augustine spent considerable time tutoring both of them. The early writings, such as Answer to Sceptics, A Life of Happiness, On Order, and Soliloquies, remind one of Plato's and Cicero's successful achievements in the same literary genre. The discussions at Cassiciacum are described in this chapter. Pedagogically, the composition of both the dialogue On Order and Augustine's Rule are strikingly similar. A rich Graeco-Roman heritage is reflected in the group gathered at Cassiciacum during this idyllic interlude between Augustine's conversion in the garden at Milan and his baptism by Ambrose at the Easter Vigil in 387. Work (both physical and intellectual), contemplation (both philosophical and Christian), prayer and serious dialogue on a variety of themes—these were the happy notes which sounded in this lovely place of retreat.Less
Several months in late 386 and early 387 were very likely the most tranquil in Augustine's life. Once again he was not alone. Monica managed the house; her other son Navigius was there. Also in residence were teenage pupils, Licentius and Trygetius; Augustine spent considerable time tutoring both of them. The early writings, such as Answer to Sceptics, A Life of Happiness, On Order, and Soliloquies, remind one of Plato's and Cicero's successful achievements in the same literary genre. The discussions at Cassiciacum are described in this chapter. Pedagogically, the composition of both the dialogue On Order and Augustine's Rule are strikingly similar. A rich Graeco-Roman heritage is reflected in the group gathered at Cassiciacum during this idyllic interlude between Augustine's conversion in the garden at Milan and his baptism by Ambrose at the Easter Vigil in 387. Work (both physical and intellectual), contemplation (both philosophical and Christian), prayer and serious dialogue on a variety of themes—these were the happy notes which sounded in this lovely place of retreat.
Lawrence R. Laboda
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195109979
- eISBN:
- 9780199853892
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195109979.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter is comprised of four parts. Part one describes the reorganization and start of a new campaign. After the eventful rest of the Jeff Davis Artillery, which was a critical period because of ...
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This chapter is comprised of four parts. Part one describes the reorganization and start of a new campaign. After the eventful rest of the Jeff Davis Artillery, which was a critical period because of the changes in the upper ranks, there was a major realignment of the army of North Virginia, which had quite an effect upon the role of the Artillery. Part two talks about the collision of the Confederates and the Union. The Jeff Davis Artillery had seen a good deal of action and had performed in its usual alacrity and skill. Part three of this chapter talks about the travel of the Alabamians towards the north of the town, next to Carlisle Road. The Alabamians became unwitting victims of an unfortunate set of circumstances, which had caused them to be inactive. Part four talks about the retreat of the enemy.Less
This chapter is comprised of four parts. Part one describes the reorganization and start of a new campaign. After the eventful rest of the Jeff Davis Artillery, which was a critical period because of the changes in the upper ranks, there was a major realignment of the army of North Virginia, which had quite an effect upon the role of the Artillery. Part two talks about the collision of the Confederates and the Union. The Jeff Davis Artillery had seen a good deal of action and had performed in its usual alacrity and skill. Part three of this chapter talks about the travel of the Alabamians towards the north of the town, next to Carlisle Road. The Alabamians became unwitting victims of an unfortunate set of circumstances, which had caused them to be inactive. Part four talks about the retreat of the enemy.
Judith N. McArthur and Orville Vernon Burton
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195093124
- eISBN:
- 9780199853915
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195093124.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter presents Griffin's wartime letters to his wife Leila dated from February 27 to April 1862. These letters are about the Confederate forces' retreat from the Occoquan River to ...
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This chapter presents Griffin's wartime letters to his wife Leila dated from February 27 to April 1862. These letters are about the Confederate forces' retreat from the Occoquan River to Fredericksburg, Virginia, and the establishment of a new line of defense on the Rappahannock River. Griffin also sent Leila instructions on spring planting and told her that he was again under marching orders as the Federal troops began massing for an amphibious landing farther down the Virginia coast, below Yorktown.Less
This chapter presents Griffin's wartime letters to his wife Leila dated from February 27 to April 1862. These letters are about the Confederate forces' retreat from the Occoquan River to Fredericksburg, Virginia, and the establishment of a new line of defense on the Rappahannock River. Griffin also sent Leila instructions on spring planting and told her that he was again under marching orders as the Federal troops began massing for an amphibious landing farther down the Virginia coast, below Yorktown.
Lawrence R. Laboda
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195109979
- eISBN:
- 9780199853892
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195109979.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter describes the two parties and their position in the Gettysburg campaign. More men were signing up to join the battery because of the lowered age restriction, but it took time before they ...
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This chapter describes the two parties and their position in the Gettysburg campaign. More men were signing up to join the battery because of the lowered age restriction, but it took time before they reached the battery in August. Another small confrontation is cited between the Jeff Davis and King William Artilleries. The Jeff Davis Artillery's movement towards the Rapidan and the plan of Lee to intercept the retreating army are discussed. The sharp fight between the Federal V Corps and Hill's third Corps is also cited. The ranks of the Jeff Davis Artillery were destined to grow again because of the continued recruitment in Alabama.Less
This chapter describes the two parties and their position in the Gettysburg campaign. More men were signing up to join the battery because of the lowered age restriction, but it took time before they reached the battery in August. Another small confrontation is cited between the Jeff Davis and King William Artilleries. The Jeff Davis Artillery's movement towards the Rapidan and the plan of Lee to intercept the retreating army are discussed. The sharp fight between the Federal V Corps and Hill's third Corps is also cited. The ranks of the Jeff Davis Artillery were destined to grow again because of the continued recruitment in Alabama.
Lawrence R. Laboda
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195109979
- eISBN:
- 9780199853892
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195109979.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part talks about the news of an upcoming battle that the Alabamians received. The complexity of the attack is described. The Yankees were forced to ...
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This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part talks about the news of an upcoming battle that the Alabamians received. The complexity of the attack is described. The Yankees were forced to make a rapid withdrawal because the Confederates were able to overrun them; however, things turned around and they were forced to retreat. The second part talks about a grand exodus from Elmira and the arrival of Corporal Jackson and Private Templin, which caused excitement in the camp. Their escape from Elmira prison is also described.Less
This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part talks about the news of an upcoming battle that the Alabamians received. The complexity of the attack is described. The Yankees were forced to make a rapid withdrawal because the Confederates were able to overrun them; however, things turned around and they were forced to retreat. The second part talks about a grand exodus from Elmira and the arrival of Corporal Jackson and Private Templin, which caused excitement in the camp. Their escape from Elmira prison is also described.
