Iris Marion Young
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297550
- eISBN:
- 9780191716751
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297556.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Residential racial and class segregation produce or exacerbate distributive injustice and political exclusion. Integration as the dispersal of a concentrated minority among the majority, however, ...
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Residential racial and class segregation produce or exacerbate distributive injustice and political exclusion. Integration as the dispersal of a concentrated minority among the majority, however, often has its own harmful consequences. An alternative ideal of differentiated solidarity combines positive affinity grouping with non‐discrimination and regional government that encourages attention to shared problems and inequality.Less
Residential racial and class segregation produce or exacerbate distributive injustice and political exclusion. Integration as the dispersal of a concentrated minority among the majority, however, often has its own harmful consequences. An alternative ideal of differentiated solidarity combines positive affinity grouping with non‐discrimination and regional government that encourages attention to shared problems and inequality.
Richard Alba and Nancy Foner
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691161075
- eISBN:
- 9781400865901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161075.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter examines the residential contexts of immigrant families, which also affect the starting point for the second generation. Fears that immigrants and their children will end up living in ...
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This chapter examines the residential contexts of immigrant families, which also affect the starting point for the second generation. Fears that immigrants and their children will end up living in “parallel societies” like the black ghettoes of American cities are vastly overblown. Nevertheless, neighborhoods of immigrant concentration, at least for low-status groups, may create marked disadvantages. The chapter assesses the actual extent, and consequences, of residential segregation, and looks at the role of public policies in shaping these patterns. Neighborhoods are often the places where immigrant minorities and native majorities have initial contacts and thus where the impacts of immigration on the mainstream society are particularly salient. The chapter then considers the emergence of “super-diverse” neighborhoods.Less
This chapter examines the residential contexts of immigrant families, which also affect the starting point for the second generation. Fears that immigrants and their children will end up living in “parallel societies” like the black ghettoes of American cities are vastly overblown. Nevertheless, neighborhoods of immigrant concentration, at least for low-status groups, may create marked disadvantages. The chapter assesses the actual extent, and consequences, of residential segregation, and looks at the role of public policies in shaping these patterns. Neighborhoods are often the places where immigrant minorities and native majorities have initial contacts and thus where the impacts of immigration on the mainstream society are particularly salient. The chapter then considers the emergence of “super-diverse” neighborhoods.
Desmond King
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292494
- eISBN:
- 9780191599682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829249X.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
King examines how interventions of the American federal government—namely, the United States Employment Service (USES), federal mortgage assistance, and public housing programmes—mirrored the ...
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King examines how interventions of the American federal government—namely, the United States Employment Service (USES), federal mortgage assistance, and public housing programmes—mirrored the segregationist order in which they were installed, thus consolidating residential separation by race. According to King, not only did USES discriminate in their job placements but also in its field office facilities and staff; he also shows how the anti‐discrimination policies of the USES were failures and explores the reasons. Next, King traces the evolution of federal public housing and mortgage assistance programmes, focusing especially on the policies of the US Federal Housing Authority (FHA) and responses from organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).Less
King examines how interventions of the American federal government—namely, the United States Employment Service (USES), federal mortgage assistance, and public housing programmes—mirrored the segregationist order in which they were installed, thus consolidating residential separation by race. According to King, not only did USES discriminate in their job placements but also in its field office facilities and staff; he also shows how the anti‐discrimination policies of the USES were failures and explores the reasons. Next, King traces the evolution of federal public housing and mortgage assistance programmes, focusing especially on the policies of the US Federal Housing Authority (FHA) and responses from organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
Dolores Acevedo-Garcia and Kimberly A. Lochner
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195138382
- eISBN:
- 9780199865505
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195138382.003.0012
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter examines research on racial segregation and health. It argues that both theoretically and empirically, research on neighborhood effects needs to relate neighborhood characteristics to ...
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This chapter examines research on racial segregation and health. It argues that both theoretically and empirically, research on neighborhood effects needs to relate neighborhood characteristics to broader social processes such as class segregation, racial/ethnic segregation, and residential mobility. So far, U.S. research on segregation and health has not addressed this type of question. Multilevel studies that assume that neighborhoods do not occur in isolation but are influenced by their metropolitan area may enrich the research on neighborhoods and health.Less
This chapter examines research on racial segregation and health. It argues that both theoretically and empirically, research on neighborhood effects needs to relate neighborhood characteristics to broader social processes such as class segregation, racial/ethnic segregation, and residential mobility. So far, U.S. research on segregation and health has not addressed this type of question. Multilevel studies that assume that neighborhoods do not occur in isolation but are influenced by their metropolitan area may enrich the research on neighborhoods and health.
Hanno Kruse and Frank Kalter
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780197266373
- eISBN:
- 9780191879562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266373.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
Whether, or to what degree, minority students are able to learn together with majority peers in schools is among the important context factors for their integration paths. In this chapter we ...
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Whether, or to what degree, minority students are able to learn together with majority peers in schools is among the important context factors for their integration paths. In this chapter we investigate the extent of ethnic segregation in lower secondary schools in the four CILS4EU countries. We demonstrate that there are vast differences in majority exposure at school, both across the four countries as well as across ethnic groups within each country. Further analyses suggest that these group differences may be due to at least three reasons: ethnic differences in residential segregation, in the allocation across different ability tracks as well as ethnically specific school choice preferences. Finally, we show that low levels of majority exposure at school may not always come with a disadvantaged learning environment: in Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden schools with low majority shares tend to hold fewer learning-related resources; the opposite seems to apply for schools in England.Less
Whether, or to what degree, minority students are able to learn together with majority peers in schools is among the important context factors for their integration paths. In this chapter we investigate the extent of ethnic segregation in lower secondary schools in the four CILS4EU countries. We demonstrate that there are vast differences in majority exposure at school, both across the four countries as well as across ethnic groups within each country. Further analyses suggest that these group differences may be due to at least three reasons: ethnic differences in residential segregation, in the allocation across different ability tracks as well as ethnically specific school choice preferences. Finally, we show that low levels of majority exposure at school may not always come with a disadvantaged learning environment: in Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden schools with low majority shares tend to hold fewer learning-related resources; the opposite seems to apply for schools in England.
Michael R. Kramer
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- April 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190843496
- eISBN:
- 9780190843533
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190843496.003.0012
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Demographers and sociologists have long been interested in social inequality, including as it relates to space. Residential segregation is a specific type of social sorting that results in the ...
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Demographers and sociologists have long been interested in social inequality, including as it relates to space. Residential segregation is a specific type of social sorting that results in the spatial and physical separation of where individuals live in residential space. Residential location anchors the life course geography of opportunity and therefore drives the health-relevant exposure profile of individuals. This chapter develops an understanding of segregation as a spatiotemporally dynamic process rooted in history, with contemporary consequences. Sections on conventional and newly emerging measures of residential segregation (e.g., spatial and aspatial; local and regional), hypothesized mechanisms linking segregation to health, and future direction in segregation-health research are covered.Less
Demographers and sociologists have long been interested in social inequality, including as it relates to space. Residential segregation is a specific type of social sorting that results in the spatial and physical separation of where individuals live in residential space. Residential location anchors the life course geography of opportunity and therefore drives the health-relevant exposure profile of individuals. This chapter develops an understanding of segregation as a spatiotemporally dynamic process rooted in history, with contemporary consequences. Sections on conventional and newly emerging measures of residential segregation (e.g., spatial and aspatial; local and regional), hypothesized mechanisms linking segregation to health, and future direction in segregation-health research are covered.
Sungsoon Hwang
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447301356
- eISBN:
- 9781447310396
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447301356.003.0013
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
This chapter explores spatial patterns and processes of residential segregation in St. Louis and Cincinnati using spatial analytical methods. Mapping Blacks by the location quotient and local Moran’s ...
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This chapter explores spatial patterns and processes of residential segregation in St. Louis and Cincinnati using spatial analytical methods. Mapping Blacks by the location quotient and local Moran’s I shows that Blacks are more spatially clustered in St. Louis, and are more concentrated in Cincinnati. Spatial housing submarkets, local market segments with the distinct preference structure, are delineated using multivariate techniques; results demonstrate that St. Louis has more divided and polarized housing markets than Cincinnati. Spatially varying impacts of factors underlying housing market segmentation were examined using geographically weighted regression. It was shown that a premium for life cycle (or preference for family-oriented areas) is significantly high in few western suburbs of St. Louis whereas a high premium for job skills is pronounced in northern suburbs of Cincinnati. It appears that political fragmentation and topography is a culprit for unique market segmentation in St. Louis, and Cincinnati, respectively.Less
This chapter explores spatial patterns and processes of residential segregation in St. Louis and Cincinnati using spatial analytical methods. Mapping Blacks by the location quotient and local Moran’s I shows that Blacks are more spatially clustered in St. Louis, and are more concentrated in Cincinnati. Spatial housing submarkets, local market segments with the distinct preference structure, are delineated using multivariate techniques; results demonstrate that St. Louis has more divided and polarized housing markets than Cincinnati. Spatially varying impacts of factors underlying housing market segmentation were examined using geographically weighted regression. It was shown that a premium for life cycle (or preference for family-oriented areas) is significantly high in few western suburbs of St. Louis whereas a high premium for job skills is pronounced in northern suburbs of Cincinnati. It appears that political fragmentation and topography is a culprit for unique market segmentation in St. Louis, and Cincinnati, respectively.
ROBERT V. DODGE
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199857203
- eISBN:
- 9780199932597
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199857203.003.0019
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter begins with a Schelling problem that introduces the themes, “micromotives,” individual's intentions, and “macrobehavior,” which is the aggregate outcome of individual decisions. After ...
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This chapter begins with a Schelling problem that introduces the themes, “micromotives,” individual's intentions, and “macrobehavior,” which is the aggregate outcome of individual decisions. After some discussion on the problem of Schelling's view on “purposive” and “contingent” behavior, the chapter considers discrete and continuous variables. The discrete variable section is about “segregation and integration” and begins by distinguishing segregation from congregation. A Schelling experiment concerning how segregation takes place is described, involving a checkerboard with markers representing relatively tolerant people on the board. The inevitable result of following the instructions is that segregated pockets develop all over the board. This is true although all have a preference for integrated neighborhoods, so long as they are in a majority. The chapter challenges this assuming an understanding of attitudes based on existing patterns of housing and segregation. The final section is concerned with continuous variables, in other words, mixing and sorting within one variable. It also explains two Schelling problems. The second problem raises an interesting question about allowing free choice, because with free choice all will end in an unsatisfactory position, but turning the assignment over to authority yields a result much closer to actual desires.Less
This chapter begins with a Schelling problem that introduces the themes, “micromotives,” individual's intentions, and “macrobehavior,” which is the aggregate outcome of individual decisions. After some discussion on the problem of Schelling's view on “purposive” and “contingent” behavior, the chapter considers discrete and continuous variables. The discrete variable section is about “segregation and integration” and begins by distinguishing segregation from congregation. A Schelling experiment concerning how segregation takes place is described, involving a checkerboard with markers representing relatively tolerant people on the board. The inevitable result of following the instructions is that segregated pockets develop all over the board. This is true although all have a preference for integrated neighborhoods, so long as they are in a majority. The chapter challenges this assuming an understanding of attitudes based on existing patterns of housing and segregation. The final section is concerned with continuous variables, in other words, mixing and sorting within one variable. It also explains two Schelling problems. The second problem raises an interesting question about allowing free choice, because with free choice all will end in an unsatisfactory position, but turning the assignment over to authority yields a result much closer to actual desires.
Tanya Katerí Hernández
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496810458
- eISBN:
- 9781496810496
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496810458.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter focuses on the complex and troubled history of interethnic violence between blacks and Latinos. It compares prevailing conditions in areas such as New York's Staten Island, where the ...
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This chapter focuses on the complex and troubled history of interethnic violence between blacks and Latinos. It compares prevailing conditions in areas such as New York's Staten Island, where the chief violence is perpetrated by African Americans on Latinos, and California, where the opposite pattern prevails, and examines the asserted justifications made by the authors of such violence. The chapter concludes that the constant force in reproducing such violent behavior, irrespective of the group responsible, is the surrounding conditions of race-based poverty and residential segregation. The chapter shows that in the end, only a renewed societal focus on combating the institutional forces of poverty and racism, along with segregation, can address interethnic relations nationwide.Less
This chapter focuses on the complex and troubled history of interethnic violence between blacks and Latinos. It compares prevailing conditions in areas such as New York's Staten Island, where the chief violence is perpetrated by African Americans on Latinos, and California, where the opposite pattern prevails, and examines the asserted justifications made by the authors of such violence. The chapter concludes that the constant force in reproducing such violent behavior, irrespective of the group responsible, is the surrounding conditions of race-based poverty and residential segregation. The chapter shows that in the end, only a renewed societal focus on combating the institutional forces of poverty and racism, along with segregation, can address interethnic relations nationwide.
Gary Orfield
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199982981
- eISBN:
- 9780199346219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199982981.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
Gary Orfieldfocuses on racial issues, explaining the intertwined character and baneful consequences of segregation in housing and schools. Educational opportunity is directly and deeply connected ...
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Gary Orfieldfocuses on racial issues, explaining the intertwined character and baneful consequences of segregation in housing and schools. Educational opportunity is directly and deeply connected with housing. Segregated neighborhoods linked to segregated schools produce unequal education. From the 1960s through the 1980s, school desegregation efforts opened middle-class, all-white schools to millions of students of color, particularly Black students in the South. Now, however, most of the gains of urban desegregation have been lost. The United Statesis again becoming a very stratified and segregated country, but it will soon have a non-white majority whose children will be largely excluded from essential educational opportunities because of where they live. Rights to equal housing and education must, Orfieldargues, again be fought for and won.Less
Gary Orfieldfocuses on racial issues, explaining the intertwined character and baneful consequences of segregation in housing and schools. Educational opportunity is directly and deeply connected with housing. Segregated neighborhoods linked to segregated schools produce unequal education. From the 1960s through the 1980s, school desegregation efforts opened middle-class, all-white schools to millions of students of color, particularly Black students in the South. Now, however, most of the gains of urban desegregation have been lost. The United Statesis again becoming a very stratified and segregated country, but it will soon have a non-white majority whose children will be largely excluded from essential educational opportunities because of where they live. Rights to equal housing and education must, Orfieldargues, again be fought for and won.
Tracy E. K’Meyer
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125398
- eISBN:
- 9780813135274
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125398.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter focuses on educational and housing segregation prevailing during the period. It notes that the U.S. Supreme Court had issued the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas ruling, ...
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This chapter focuses on educational and housing segregation prevailing during the period. It notes that the U.S. Supreme Court had issued the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas ruling, declaring segregation in public education unconstitutional. It further notes that over the next few years, the Louisville Board of Education, peacefully integrated public schools, achieving national and even international praise. It also reports that in the newly developed suburb of Shively, a violent confrontation over residential segregation brewed where a black family had moved into a home on Rone Court and faced a rising wave of harassment and intimidation. It observes that in both episodes activists relied on interracial cooperation to challenge the racial status quo, and the resulting events garnered national media attention that shaped Louisville's reputation. It notes that the educational and housing segregation were inextricably linked because Louisville tied school attendance to residence.Less
This chapter focuses on educational and housing segregation prevailing during the period. It notes that the U.S. Supreme Court had issued the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas ruling, declaring segregation in public education unconstitutional. It further notes that over the next few years, the Louisville Board of Education, peacefully integrated public schools, achieving national and even international praise. It also reports that in the newly developed suburb of Shively, a violent confrontation over residential segregation brewed where a black family had moved into a home on Rone Court and faced a rising wave of harassment and intimidation. It observes that in both episodes activists relied on interracial cooperation to challenge the racial status quo, and the resulting events garnered national media attention that shaped Louisville's reputation. It notes that the educational and housing segregation were inextricably linked because Louisville tied school attendance to residence.
Liora Bigon
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099359
- eISBN:
- 9781526109736
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099359.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter illustrates both the site-relatedness of residential segregation in Dakar by the beginning of the twentieth century, and comparatively its inter-colonial, transnational facets. The ...
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This chapter illustrates both the site-relatedness of residential segregation in Dakar by the beginning of the twentieth century, and comparatively its inter-colonial, transnational facets. The chapter also examines the symbolic and actual relationship between toponymic issues and sanitary considerations in Dakar’s urban planning, together with the process of dissemination of medical and planning ideas amongst the European colonising nations in Africa. The last issue is especially important in giving a more nuanced understanding how planning ideas and practices, such as residential segregation, were globally distributed. This is not only through the export of these ideas via bilateral channels (i.e., from the French métropole into the African brousse), but rather through a mediation upon multilateral and complex frontiers across nations, colonies and linguistic borders.Less
This chapter illustrates both the site-relatedness of residential segregation in Dakar by the beginning of the twentieth century, and comparatively its inter-colonial, transnational facets. The chapter also examines the symbolic and actual relationship between toponymic issues and sanitary considerations in Dakar’s urban planning, together with the process of dissemination of medical and planning ideas amongst the European colonising nations in Africa. The last issue is especially important in giving a more nuanced understanding how planning ideas and practices, such as residential segregation, were globally distributed. This is not only through the export of these ideas via bilateral channels (i.e., from the French métropole into the African brousse), but rather through a mediation upon multilateral and complex frontiers across nations, colonies and linguistic borders.
Ana V. Diez Roux
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- October 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190885304
- eISBN:
- 9780190885335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190885304.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter introduces the concept of urban health inequities and reviews approaches to describing the magnitude of inequities. It highlights some of the dynamic processes that contribute to health ...
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This chapter introduces the concept of urban health inequities and reviews approaches to describing the magnitude of inequities. It highlights some of the dynamic processes that contribute to health inequities in urban areas with a special focus on place-based factors. It concludes with a review of some approaches to reducing health inequities in cities.Less
This chapter introduces the concept of urban health inequities and reviews approaches to describing the magnitude of inequities. It highlights some of the dynamic processes that contribute to health inequities in urban areas with a special focus on place-based factors. It concludes with a review of some approaches to reducing health inequities in cities.
Richard Alba and Nancy Foner
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691161075
- eISBN:
- 9781400865901
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161075.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This book compares immigrant integration across key Western countries. Focusing on low-status newcomers and their children, it examines how they are making their way in four critical European ...
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This book compares immigrant integration across key Western countries. Focusing on low-status newcomers and their children, it examines how they are making their way in four critical European countries—France, Germany, Great Britain, and the Netherlands—and, across the Atlantic, in the United States and Canada. This comparison reveals their progress and the barriers they face in an array of institutions—from labor markets and neighborhoods to educational and political systems—and considers the controversial questions of religion, race, identity, and intermarriage. The book sheds new light on questions at the heart of concerns about immigration. They analyze why immigrant religion is a more significant divide in Western Europe than in the United States, where race is a more severe obstacle. They look at why, despite fears in Europe about the rise of immigrant ghettoes, residential segregation is much less of a problem for immigrant minorities there than in the United States. They explore why everywhere, growing economic inequality and the proliferation of precarious, low-wage jobs pose dilemmas for the second generation. They also evaluate perspectives often proposed to explain the success of immigrant integration in certain countries, including nationally specific models, the political economy, and the histories of Canada and the United States as settler societies. This book delves into issues of pivotal importance for the present and future of Western societies, where immigrants and their children form ever-larger shares of the population.Less
This book compares immigrant integration across key Western countries. Focusing on low-status newcomers and their children, it examines how they are making their way in four critical European countries—France, Germany, Great Britain, and the Netherlands—and, across the Atlantic, in the United States and Canada. This comparison reveals their progress and the barriers they face in an array of institutions—from labor markets and neighborhoods to educational and political systems—and considers the controversial questions of religion, race, identity, and intermarriage. The book sheds new light on questions at the heart of concerns about immigration. They analyze why immigrant religion is a more significant divide in Western Europe than in the United States, where race is a more severe obstacle. They look at why, despite fears in Europe about the rise of immigrant ghettoes, residential segregation is much less of a problem for immigrant minorities there than in the United States. They explore why everywhere, growing economic inequality and the proliferation of precarious, low-wage jobs pose dilemmas for the second generation. They also evaluate perspectives often proposed to explain the success of immigrant integration in certain countries, including nationally specific models, the political economy, and the histories of Canada and the United States as settler societies. This book delves into issues of pivotal importance for the present and future of Western societies, where immigrants and their children form ever-larger shares of the population.
Richard Harris and Ron Johnston
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781529204780
- eISBN:
- 9781529204889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529204780.003.0005
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
The English systems of school choice and allocation may result in greater ethnic segregation between schools than between neighbourhoods. This chapter looks at that proposition and asks to what ...
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The English systems of school choice and allocation may result in greater ethnic segregation between schools than between neighbourhoods. This chapter looks at that proposition and asks to what extent school levels of ethnic segregation reflect neighbourhood ethnic composition, where do they not, and for which types of school are the differences greatest? It makes a simple comparison of the segregation between schools and between neighbourhoods then, acknowledging the limitations of that comparison, employs a more sophisticated analysis to compare the diversity of schools’ intakes with what they would look like under a hypothetical system without choice. In the majority of cases, intakes into schools reflect the neighbourhoods that surround them and are not dissimilar to what would be expected under a neighbourhood-based system of pupil allocation. There is little evidence that the current system of school choice raises ethnic segregation substantially.Less
The English systems of school choice and allocation may result in greater ethnic segregation between schools than between neighbourhoods. This chapter looks at that proposition and asks to what extent school levels of ethnic segregation reflect neighbourhood ethnic composition, where do they not, and for which types of school are the differences greatest? It makes a simple comparison of the segregation between schools and between neighbourhoods then, acknowledging the limitations of that comparison, employs a more sophisticated analysis to compare the diversity of schools’ intakes with what they would look like under a hypothetical system without choice. In the majority of cases, intakes into schools reflect the neighbourhoods that surround them and are not dissimilar to what would be expected under a neighbourhood-based system of pupil allocation. There is little evidence that the current system of school choice raises ethnic segregation substantially.
Ichiro Kawachi and Lisa F. Berkman
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195138382
- eISBN:
- 9780199865505
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195138382.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the motivations behind this book, namely, the growing trend of residential segregation, whether by class or race-ethnicity; the emergence ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the motivations behind this book, namely, the growing trend of residential segregation, whether by class or race-ethnicity; the emergence of new concepts and methods to analyze neighborhood variations in health; and the launching of new initiatives and studies with neighborhoods as their focus. It then reviews the multilevel evidence on one of the most common health outcomes studies so far—the risk of dying from any cause. Following the overview of the multilevel studies of neighborhood effects on mortality risks, the chapter then discusses a set of emerging conceptual and methodological challenges in neighborhood research.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the motivations behind this book, namely, the growing trend of residential segregation, whether by class or race-ethnicity; the emergence of new concepts and methods to analyze neighborhood variations in health; and the launching of new initiatives and studies with neighborhoods as their focus. It then reviews the multilevel evidence on one of the most common health outcomes studies so far—the risk of dying from any cause. Following the overview of the multilevel studies of neighborhood effects on mortality risks, the chapter then discusses a set of emerging conceptual and methodological challenges in neighborhood research.
Luigi Tomba
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452826
- eISBN:
- 9780801455209
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452826.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
This chapter introduces the social and cultural engineering behind the two decades-long project of housing privatization and its wide-ranging impact on the redefinition of urban social distinction ...
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This chapter introduces the social and cultural engineering behind the two decades-long project of housing privatization and its wide-ranging impact on the redefinition of urban social distinction through extreme forms of residential segregation. It argues that the increase in residential segregation is greatly influenced by the state's strategy of selective incentives, which favored groups “within the system” over others. Individual housing careers and access to material resources is therefore determined by one's position with respect to the system of public employment. Residential settings reflect the structure of access to homeownership created by subsidization policies and is consistent with other policies to “make” a high-consuming cluster of society. The chapter challenges the normative assumptions generally made about the role that the middle class can play in pushing China toward democratization and reveals how the growth of a property-owning middle class is the result of a process of social engineering.Less
This chapter introduces the social and cultural engineering behind the two decades-long project of housing privatization and its wide-ranging impact on the redefinition of urban social distinction through extreme forms of residential segregation. It argues that the increase in residential segregation is greatly influenced by the state's strategy of selective incentives, which favored groups “within the system” over others. Individual housing careers and access to material resources is therefore determined by one's position with respect to the system of public employment. Residential settings reflect the structure of access to homeownership created by subsidization policies and is consistent with other policies to “make” a high-consuming cluster of society. The chapter challenges the normative assumptions generally made about the role that the middle class can play in pushing China toward democratization and reveals how the growth of a property-owning middle class is the result of a process of social engineering.
Max Felker-Kantor
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520275591
- eISBN:
- 9780520956872
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520275591.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter focuses on the responses of African Americans and Mexican Americans to Proposition 14—dubbed the antifair housing initiative—in Los Angeles, with particular emphasis on the interracial ...
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This chapter focuses on the responses of African Americans and Mexican Americans to Proposition 14—dubbed the antifair housing initiative—in Los Angeles, with particular emphasis on the interracial cooperation and tension that marked the battle against the proposed amendment to California's constitution that allowed homeowners and landlords to sell or rent—or refuse to sell or rent—their property to anyone they wished. Proposition 14 was an effort in 1964 to basically overturn California's Rumford Fair Housing Act and to open the door once again to residential segregation. Activists, especially in the African American community, developed an intensive campaign to overturn the initiative. Early plans calling for cooperation with Mexican Americans never materialized. This chapter shows that Blacks were able to overcome their class divisions and close ranks in the fight against Proposition 14, whereas Mexican American remained a split community and vote.Less
This chapter focuses on the responses of African Americans and Mexican Americans to Proposition 14—dubbed the antifair housing initiative—in Los Angeles, with particular emphasis on the interracial cooperation and tension that marked the battle against the proposed amendment to California's constitution that allowed homeowners and landlords to sell or rent—or refuse to sell or rent—their property to anyone they wished. Proposition 14 was an effort in 1964 to basically overturn California's Rumford Fair Housing Act and to open the door once again to residential segregation. Activists, especially in the African American community, developed an intensive campaign to overturn the initiative. Early plans calling for cooperation with Mexican Americans never materialized. This chapter shows that Blacks were able to overcome their class divisions and close ranks in the fight against Proposition 14, whereas Mexican American remained a split community and vote.
Evelyn M. Perry
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469631387
- eISBN:
- 9781469631400
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631387.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
The chapter introduces the book’s central questions: How do residents of a racially and economically mixed neighborhood make sense of and live with diversity? How do neighborhoods shape the ...
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The chapter introduces the book’s central questions: How do residents of a racially and economically mixed neighborhood make sense of and live with diversity? How do neighborhoods shape the perceptions, behaviors and opportunities of residents? It reviews the harms of residential economic and racial segregation and discusses the paradoxes of integration. While integration holds promise for bridging social divides and reducing inequality, the tensions and conflicts associated with diversity pose challenges to community engagement, order and stability. This book begins to fill gaps in our understanding of integration through an ethnographic exploration of how residents of a diverse neighborhood make sense of their local experiences and negotiate difference. The chapter previews a place-sensitive analysis that focuses on Riverwest’s geographic location, material form and investment with meaning (i.e. culture). It closes with a description of the author’s approach to participant observation and an overview of the chapters.Less
The chapter introduces the book’s central questions: How do residents of a racially and economically mixed neighborhood make sense of and live with diversity? How do neighborhoods shape the perceptions, behaviors and opportunities of residents? It reviews the harms of residential economic and racial segregation and discusses the paradoxes of integration. While integration holds promise for bridging social divides and reducing inequality, the tensions and conflicts associated with diversity pose challenges to community engagement, order and stability. This book begins to fill gaps in our understanding of integration through an ethnographic exploration of how residents of a diverse neighborhood make sense of their local experiences and negotiate difference. The chapter previews a place-sensitive analysis that focuses on Riverwest’s geographic location, material form and investment with meaning (i.e. culture). It closes with a description of the author’s approach to participant observation and an overview of the chapters.
Meghan Condon and Amber Wichowsky
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780226691732
- eISBN:
- 9780226691909
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226691909.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
What kinds of social comparisons are encouraged by an increasingly unequal America? This chapter explores how class segregation and media portrayals of wealth combine to push the American imagination ...
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What kinds of social comparisons are encouraged by an increasingly unequal America? This chapter explores how class segregation and media portrayals of wealth combine to push the American imagination away from contrast-focused upward social comparison with the wealthy elite. As inequality has grown over the last half century, so has economic residential segregation, insulating the majority of Americans from the sort of social experiences that make inequality feel real and meaningful. Exploring media portrayals of the elite, including celebrity culture and reality television, they show that increasingly, Americans’ opportunities for interaction with the rich are not social per se, but parasocial, conducted via imagined relationships and comparisons with celebrities through social and traditional media. Rather than offering opportunities for upward social contrast, these parasocial experiences are deliberately crafted to do the opposite: portraying the rich as morally or intellectually inferior, drawing attention to similarities between the elite and everyday Americans, or making distances seem small to spark economic aspiration and exploit the appeal of the American Dream. Finally, the authors demonstrate how race and class segregation distort white Americans’ perceptions of status, and how media use race and gender strategically to draw attention away from contrast-based thinking about the wealthy.Less
What kinds of social comparisons are encouraged by an increasingly unequal America? This chapter explores how class segregation and media portrayals of wealth combine to push the American imagination away from contrast-focused upward social comparison with the wealthy elite. As inequality has grown over the last half century, so has economic residential segregation, insulating the majority of Americans from the sort of social experiences that make inequality feel real and meaningful. Exploring media portrayals of the elite, including celebrity culture and reality television, they show that increasingly, Americans’ opportunities for interaction with the rich are not social per se, but parasocial, conducted via imagined relationships and comparisons with celebrities through social and traditional media. Rather than offering opportunities for upward social contrast, these parasocial experiences are deliberately crafted to do the opposite: portraying the rich as morally or intellectually inferior, drawing attention to similarities between the elite and everyday Americans, or making distances seem small to spark economic aspiration and exploit the appeal of the American Dream. Finally, the authors demonstrate how race and class segregation distort white Americans’ perceptions of status, and how media use race and gender strategically to draw attention away from contrast-based thinking about the wealthy.
