Rachel Stanworth
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198525110
- eISBN:
- 9780191730504
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525110.003.0005
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine Research
This chapter discusses data analysis and interpretation, which is to tell a new story. However, there exists a natural tension between telling a new story and the desire to remain loyal to the ...
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This chapter discusses data analysis and interpretation, which is to tell a new story. However, there exists a natural tension between telling a new story and the desire to remain loyal to the original material upon which it relies. It discusses the role of the qualitative researcher, who is responsible for recollecting the conditions of data collection, and who is aware of the nuances of discourse or of the ‘feeling’ of silence. It also mentions several programmes the researcher can use to analyze and interpret the gathered data.Less
This chapter discusses data analysis and interpretation, which is to tell a new story. However, there exists a natural tension between telling a new story and the desire to remain loyal to the original material upon which it relies. It discusses the role of the qualitative researcher, who is responsible for recollecting the conditions of data collection, and who is aware of the nuances of discourse or of the ‘feeling’ of silence. It also mentions several programmes the researcher can use to analyze and interpret the gathered data.
Richard Swedberg
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155227
- eISBN:
- 9781400850358
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155227.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
In the social sciences today, students are taught theory by reading and analyzing the works of Karl Marx, Max Weber, and other foundational figures of the discipline. What they rarely learn, however, ...
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In the social sciences today, students are taught theory by reading and analyzing the works of Karl Marx, Max Weber, and other foundational figures of the discipline. What they rarely learn, however, is how to actually theorize. This book is a practical guide to doing just that. This user manual for social theorists explains how theorizing occurs in what the book calls the context of discovery, a process in which the researcher gathers preliminary data and thinks creatively about it using tools such as metaphor, analogy, and typology. The book guides readers through each step of the theorist's art, from observation and naming to concept formation and explanation. To theorize well, you also need a sound knowledge of existing social theory. The book introduces readers to the most important theories and concepts, and discusses how to go about mastering them. If you can think, you can also learn to theorize. This book shows you how. The book features helpful examples throughout, and also provides practical exercises that enable readers to learn through doing.Less
In the social sciences today, students are taught theory by reading and analyzing the works of Karl Marx, Max Weber, and other foundational figures of the discipline. What they rarely learn, however, is how to actually theorize. This book is a practical guide to doing just that. This user manual for social theorists explains how theorizing occurs in what the book calls the context of discovery, a process in which the researcher gathers preliminary data and thinks creatively about it using tools such as metaphor, analogy, and typology. The book guides readers through each step of the theorist's art, from observation and naming to concept formation and explanation. To theorize well, you also need a sound knowledge of existing social theory. The book introduces readers to the most important theories and concepts, and discusses how to go about mastering them. If you can think, you can also learn to theorize. This book shows you how. The book features helpful examples throughout, and also provides practical exercises that enable readers to learn through doing.
Diana C. Mutz
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144511
- eISBN:
- 9781400840489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144511.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This chapter describes direct and indirect treatments, that is, treatments that either directly and overtly try to move the respondent in a particular direction, or that indirectly do so in a more ...
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This chapter describes direct and indirect treatments, that is, treatments that either directly and overtly try to move the respondent in a particular direction, or that indirectly do so in a more unobtrusive (and often clever) manner. Direct and indirect treatments are highly flexible and can be used to test hypotheses of all kinds. Researchers can implement not only random assignment, but also card sort techniques, false feedback, and just about any treatment that occurs in the lab. The chapter shows how most experimental treatments that can be executed in social science laboratories can also be administered remotely via telephone or Internet to randomly selected members of the relevant population.Less
This chapter describes direct and indirect treatments, that is, treatments that either directly and overtly try to move the respondent in a particular direction, or that indirectly do so in a more unobtrusive (and often clever) manner. Direct and indirect treatments are highly flexible and can be used to test hypotheses of all kinds. Researchers can implement not only random assignment, but also card sort techniques, false feedback, and just about any treatment that occurs in the lab. The chapter shows how most experimental treatments that can be executed in social science laboratories can also be administered remotely via telephone or Internet to randomly selected members of the relevant population.
Adil E. Shamoo and David B. Resnik
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195368246
- eISBN:
- 9780199867615
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368246.003.0016
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology, Biochemistry / Molecular Biology
This final chapter of the book recommends some steps that researchers, institutional officials, government agencies, and scientific organizations can take to promote ethical conduct in scientific ...
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This final chapter of the book recommends some steps that researchers, institutional officials, government agencies, and scientific organizations can take to promote ethical conduct in scientific research, such as ethical leadership, education and training in responsible conduct of research, policy development, compliance activities, and international cooperation.Less
This final chapter of the book recommends some steps that researchers, institutional officials, government agencies, and scientific organizations can take to promote ethical conduct in scientific research, such as ethical leadership, education and training in responsible conduct of research, policy development, compliance activities, and international cooperation.
Ross C. Brownson, Elizabeth A. Baker, Terry L. Leet, and Kathleen N. Gillespie (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195143768
- eISBN:
- 9780199865581
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195143768.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Public health decisions are often based on short-term demands rather than long-term study, and policies and programs are sometimes developed from anecdotal evidence. To enhance evidence-based ...
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Public health decisions are often based on short-term demands rather than long-term study, and policies and programs are sometimes developed from anecdotal evidence. To enhance evidence-based practice, this book provides practical guidance on how to choose, carry out, and evaluate evidence-based programs and policies in public health settings. “Evidence” is central to our notion of justice, but is equally central to public health. In public health there are four principal user groups for evidence: public health practitioners with executive and managerial responsibilities; policy makers at local, regional, state, national, and international levels; key stakeholders including the public and interest groups; and researchers on population health issues. A step-by-step approach to compiling and assessing evidence of what works and what doesn't is explicated in this book. The book guides to how to use the results of search for evidence in developing program or policy options.Less
Public health decisions are often based on short-term demands rather than long-term study, and policies and programs are sometimes developed from anecdotal evidence. To enhance evidence-based practice, this book provides practical guidance on how to choose, carry out, and evaluate evidence-based programs and policies in public health settings. “Evidence” is central to our notion of justice, but is equally central to public health. In public health there are four principal user groups for evidence: public health practitioners with executive and managerial responsibilities; policy makers at local, regional, state, national, and international levels; key stakeholders including the public and interest groups; and researchers on population health issues. A step-by-step approach to compiling and assessing evidence of what works and what doesn't is explicated in this book. The book guides to how to use the results of search for evidence in developing program or policy options.
Prue Chamberlayne
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861344939
- eISBN:
- 9781447301554
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861344939.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
The turn to biographical methods in social science is yielding a rich harvest of research outcomes and invigorating the relationship between policy and practice. This book uses a range of ...
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The turn to biographical methods in social science is yielding a rich harvest of research outcomes and invigorating the relationship between policy and practice. This book uses a range of interpretive approaches to reveal the dynamics of service users' and professionals' individual experiences. It shows how biographical methods can improve theoretical understanding of professional practice, as well as enrich the learning and development of professionals, and promote more meaningful and creative practitioner-service user relationships. The book reviews applications of biographical methods in both policy and practice in a range of professional contexts, from health and social care to education and employment. In addition, it explores the impact on professional practice of social change in three main arenas: transformation from Eastern to Western types of society in Europe, major shifts in social and welfare principles, experiences of immigration and of new cultural diversity. The book critically evaluates subjective and reflexive processes in interactions between researchers, practitioners and users of services, and considers the institutional arrangements and cultural contexts which support effective and sensitive interventions and encourage change in the lives of individuals.Less
The turn to biographical methods in social science is yielding a rich harvest of research outcomes and invigorating the relationship between policy and practice. This book uses a range of interpretive approaches to reveal the dynamics of service users' and professionals' individual experiences. It shows how biographical methods can improve theoretical understanding of professional practice, as well as enrich the learning and development of professionals, and promote more meaningful and creative practitioner-service user relationships. The book reviews applications of biographical methods in both policy and practice in a range of professional contexts, from health and social care to education and employment. In addition, it explores the impact on professional practice of social change in three main arenas: transformation from Eastern to Western types of society in Europe, major shifts in social and welfare principles, experiences of immigration and of new cultural diversity. The book critically evaluates subjective and reflexive processes in interactions between researchers, practitioners and users of services, and considers the institutional arrangements and cultural contexts which support effective and sensitive interventions and encourage change in the lives of individuals.
James C. Raines
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195366266
- eISBN:
- 9780199864027
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195366266.003.0010
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Research and Evaluation
This chapter examines the systemic issues of implementing evidence-based practice in schools. The organizational change process provides insights into the cornerstones of change, the different types ...
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This chapter examines the systemic issues of implementing evidence-based practice in schools. The organizational change process provides insights into the cornerstones of change, the different types of implementation, and the different stages of implementation. There are four barriers to implementation. The first impediment is a lack of time. Three strategies include release time, use of interns, and focusing on prevention first. The second barrier is a lack of relevant information. Two solutions are increasing the relevancy of research for real world settings and improving practitioners' access to research. The third obstacle was the lack of technology skills and researcher-practitioner partnerships were suggested. The final roadblock was institutional issues. Four solutions include aligning the change to the school's vision, a qualitative focus on process issues encountered during dissemination, more attention to contextual influences in outcome evaluation, and more recognition of school staff that employ evidence-based practice.Less
This chapter examines the systemic issues of implementing evidence-based practice in schools. The organizational change process provides insights into the cornerstones of change, the different types of implementation, and the different stages of implementation. There are four barriers to implementation. The first impediment is a lack of time. Three strategies include release time, use of interns, and focusing on prevention first. The second barrier is a lack of relevant information. Two solutions are increasing the relevancy of research for real world settings and improving practitioners' access to research. The third obstacle was the lack of technology skills and researcher-practitioner partnerships were suggested. The final roadblock was institutional issues. Four solutions include aligning the change to the school's vision, a qualitative focus on process issues encountered during dissemination, more attention to contextual influences in outcome evaluation, and more recognition of school staff that employ evidence-based practice.
Neil Fligstein and Doug McAdam
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199859948
- eISBN:
- 9780199951178
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199859948.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Theory
This chapter addresses the methodological implications of the theory, offering something of a practical blueprint for anyone who would adopt the perspective as a basis for studying a given strategic ...
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This chapter addresses the methodological implications of the theory, offering something of a practical blueprint for anyone who would adopt the perspective as a basis for studying a given strategic action field. It begins with a logically sequential research template or “roadmap” derived from the perspective. It then provides an extended discussion of four of the trickiest empirical challenges posed by the framework. This is followed by a more general discussion of methodological issues as they apply to the framework. More specifically, it takes up four topics. First, it considers how researchers might employ “positivist” or “realist” approaches in the application of the theory. Second, it discusses the ways in which qualitative and quantitative techniques can be employed in the service of the perspective under either a positivist or realist philosophy. Third, it reviews several exemplary studies that embody key methodological tenets, while critiquing other attempts to model the formation, reproduction, and transformation of strategic action fields. Finally, it closes with a critique of more empiricist approaches to the study of strategic action.Less
This chapter addresses the methodological implications of the theory, offering something of a practical blueprint for anyone who would adopt the perspective as a basis for studying a given strategic action field. It begins with a logically sequential research template or “roadmap” derived from the perspective. It then provides an extended discussion of four of the trickiest empirical challenges posed by the framework. This is followed by a more general discussion of methodological issues as they apply to the framework. More specifically, it takes up four topics. First, it considers how researchers might employ “positivist” or “realist” approaches in the application of the theory. Second, it discusses the ways in which qualitative and quantitative techniques can be employed in the service of the perspective under either a positivist or realist philosophy. Third, it reviews several exemplary studies that embody key methodological tenets, while critiquing other attempts to model the formation, reproduction, and transformation of strategic action fields. Finally, it closes with a critique of more empiricist approaches to the study of strategic action.
Donald M. Linhorst
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195171877
- eISBN:
- 9780199865338
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171877.003.0012
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
This concluding chapter summarizes the opportunities and limitations to empowering people with severe mental illness. It then explores the roles that the following parties play in promoting ...
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This concluding chapter summarizes the opportunities and limitations to empowering people with severe mental illness. It then explores the roles that the following parties play in promoting empowerment: people with mental illness, mental health and other service providers and administrators, mental health advocacy groups, planners and policy makers, and researchers and evaluators. The chapter discusses what it means, and does not mean, for people with severe mental illness to live empowered lives. It concludes that the state of people with mental illness living an empowered life is dynamic and situational. Thus, it is incumbent upon everyone to continually work to create opportunities for empowerment, and to develop and maintain the conditions for empowerment so that these opportunities can be realized.Less
This concluding chapter summarizes the opportunities and limitations to empowering people with severe mental illness. It then explores the roles that the following parties play in promoting empowerment: people with mental illness, mental health and other service providers and administrators, mental health advocacy groups, planners and policy makers, and researchers and evaluators. The chapter discusses what it means, and does not mean, for people with severe mental illness to live empowered lives. It concludes that the state of people with mental illness living an empowered life is dynamic and situational. Thus, it is incumbent upon everyone to continually work to create opportunities for empowerment, and to develop and maintain the conditions for empowerment so that these opportunities can be realized.
Ellen Seiter
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198711421
- eISBN:
- 9780191694905
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198711421.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
The author of this book, as a qualitative audience researcher, observes that a typical situation in a nursery school might usually exhibit how popular television shows plays a major part in ...
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The author of this book, as a qualitative audience researcher, observes that a typical situation in a nursery school might usually exhibit how popular television shows plays a major part in conflicts, various aspects of interpersonal communications, and in the exchange of assorted symbols of cultural capital. While qualitative research cannot directly approve or reject a teacher’s common notion that television promotes violent behaviour among children, qualitative research may be able to provide an explanation that would consider several different contextual factors in such situations of violence while also identifying television’s other uses as a topic and form of communications in varied social settings. While ethnographic audience research reveals that media has now become an essential part of everyday life, we can say that interpersonal relationships and media consumption may be interrelated.Less
The author of this book, as a qualitative audience researcher, observes that a typical situation in a nursery school might usually exhibit how popular television shows plays a major part in conflicts, various aspects of interpersonal communications, and in the exchange of assorted symbols of cultural capital. While qualitative research cannot directly approve or reject a teacher’s common notion that television promotes violent behaviour among children, qualitative research may be able to provide an explanation that would consider several different contextual factors in such situations of violence while also identifying television’s other uses as a topic and form of communications in varied social settings. While ethnographic audience research reveals that media has now become an essential part of everyday life, we can say that interpersonal relationships and media consumption may be interrelated.
Chris Argyris
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199268078
- eISBN:
- 9780191699252
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268078.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Strategy
What is the purpose of social science and management research? Do scholars/researchers have a responsibility to generate insights and knowledge that are of practical (implementable) value and ...
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What is the purpose of social science and management research? Do scholars/researchers have a responsibility to generate insights and knowledge that are of practical (implementable) value and validity? We are told we live in turbulent and changing times, should this not provide an important opportunity for management researchers to provide understanding and guidance? Yet there is widespread concern about the efficacy of much research: These are some of the puzzles/pressing problems which are addressed in this short book. This book questions many of the assumptions of organizational theory and research, and the investigation is not confined to academic analysis. It also scrutinizes that capacity for ‘unproductive reasoning’ (self-deception and rationalization) that is common amongst managers, consultants, and indeed generally. As well as engaging with the work of leading organizational researchers the book also ponders the work of the consultants, commentators, and accountants who endorsed Enron.Less
What is the purpose of social science and management research? Do scholars/researchers have a responsibility to generate insights and knowledge that are of practical (implementable) value and validity? We are told we live in turbulent and changing times, should this not provide an important opportunity for management researchers to provide understanding and guidance? Yet there is widespread concern about the efficacy of much research: These are some of the puzzles/pressing problems which are addressed in this short book. This book questions many of the assumptions of organizational theory and research, and the investigation is not confined to academic analysis. It also scrutinizes that capacity for ‘unproductive reasoning’ (self-deception and rationalization) that is common amongst managers, consultants, and indeed generally. As well as engaging with the work of leading organizational researchers the book also ponders the work of the consultants, commentators, and accountants who endorsed Enron.
Yiannis Gabriel
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198290957
- eISBN:
- 9780191684845
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198290957.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
Myths, stories, and folklore are part of the fabric and life of all organizations, enabling us to understand, identify, and communicate the character of the organization — its ambitions, conflicts, ...
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Myths, stories, and folklore are part of the fabric and life of all organizations, enabling us to understand, identify, and communicate the character of the organization — its ambitions, conflicts, and peculiarities. Drawing on extensive fieldwork of storytelling in five organizations, this book argues that stories open valuable windows into the emotional and symbolic lives of organizations. By collecting stories in different organizations, by listening and comparing different accounts, by investigating how narratives are constructed around specific events, by examining which events in an organization's history generate stories and which ones fail to do so, researchers can gain access to deeper organizational realities, closely linked to their members' experiences. In this way, stories enable researchers to study organizational politics, culture, and change in uniquely illuminating ways, revealing how wider organizational issues are viewed, commented upon, and worked upon by their members. The book's first part develops the theory of storytelling by building on various approaches, including narrative, folkloric, ethnographic, symbolic, social constructionist, and psychoanalytic, while the second offers a set of four studies which make use of stories in exploring particular aspects of organizational life.Less
Myths, stories, and folklore are part of the fabric and life of all organizations, enabling us to understand, identify, and communicate the character of the organization — its ambitions, conflicts, and peculiarities. Drawing on extensive fieldwork of storytelling in five organizations, this book argues that stories open valuable windows into the emotional and symbolic lives of organizations. By collecting stories in different organizations, by listening and comparing different accounts, by investigating how narratives are constructed around specific events, by examining which events in an organization's history generate stories and which ones fail to do so, researchers can gain access to deeper organizational realities, closely linked to their members' experiences. In this way, stories enable researchers to study organizational politics, culture, and change in uniquely illuminating ways, revealing how wider organizational issues are viewed, commented upon, and worked upon by their members. The book's first part develops the theory of storytelling by building on various approaches, including narrative, folkloric, ethnographic, symbolic, social constructionist, and psychoanalytic, while the second offers a set of four studies which make use of stories in exploring particular aspects of organizational life.
Anthony G. Greenwald
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199753628
- eISBN:
- 9780199950027
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753628.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Social Psychology
Scientists have conflicts of interest that, operating outside of awareness, cause them to inappropriately favor their preferred theories and disfavor competitors' theories. These conflicts of ...
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Scientists have conflicts of interest that, operating outside of awareness, cause them to inappropriately favor their preferred theories and disfavor competitors' theories. These conflicts of interest can be traced to implicit affective-cognitive processes that have only recently been described theoretically and empirically. They threaten objectivity in performance of four types of scientific roles: gatekeepers, reviewers, expert witnesses, and researchers. Eliminating the undesired effects of these conflicts of interest may require development of ethical codes that specify satisfactory conflict-management strategies.Less
Scientists have conflicts of interest that, operating outside of awareness, cause them to inappropriately favor their preferred theories and disfavor competitors' theories. These conflicts of interest can be traced to implicit affective-cognitive processes that have only recently been described theoretically and empirically. They threaten objectivity in performance of four types of scientific roles: gatekeepers, reviewers, expert witnesses, and researchers. Eliminating the undesired effects of these conflicts of interest may require development of ethical codes that specify satisfactory conflict-management strategies.
Charlotte Brunsdon
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198159803
- eISBN:
- 9780191673702
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159803.003.0012
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
This chapter discusses the commonalities in the research and thoughts on feminism and soap opera of those who were interviewed for this study. All the interviewees have written significantly on soap ...
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This chapter discusses the commonalities in the research and thoughts on feminism and soap opera of those who were interviewed for this study. All the interviewees have written significantly on soap opera and their research was conducted between 1976 and 1982. All of them continued to be associated with soap opera in their professional lives and they all provided retrospectively the feminist revision of soap opera.Less
This chapter discusses the commonalities in the research and thoughts on feminism and soap opera of those who were interviewed for this study. All the interviewees have written significantly on soap opera and their research was conducted between 1976 and 1982. All of them continued to be associated with soap opera in their professional lives and they all provided retrospectively the feminist revision of soap opera.
EDWARD L. GLAESER
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195328318
- eISBN:
- 9780199851768
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328318.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
The notion of incentives is a concept rarely undermined in the context of economics because this plays no small part in explaining behavior: the occurrences of a certain act or behavior would rise if ...
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The notion of incentives is a concept rarely undermined in the context of economics because this plays no small part in explaining behavior: the occurrences of a certain act or behavior would rise if the returns attributed to this act would rise as well. It is believed that presenting the right incentives would bring out the best results and behaviors from human beings. However, economic models are intended to not account for the individual selflessness of those who come up with said models. Although there exists a small collection of literature that would assert otherwise and which investigates how researcher initiative affects statistical results, the only significant impact is the uncertainty regarding the significance of the results. In this chapter, ten points are introduced regarding issues of researcher incentives and statistical analysis that focus on how researcher initiative should be accepted as a norm.Less
The notion of incentives is a concept rarely undermined in the context of economics because this plays no small part in explaining behavior: the occurrences of a certain act or behavior would rise if the returns attributed to this act would rise as well. It is believed that presenting the right incentives would bring out the best results and behaviors from human beings. However, economic models are intended to not account for the individual selflessness of those who come up with said models. Although there exists a small collection of literature that would assert otherwise and which investigates how researcher initiative affects statistical results, the only significant impact is the uncertainty regarding the significance of the results. In this chapter, ten points are introduced regarding issues of researcher incentives and statistical analysis that focus on how researcher initiative should be accepted as a norm.
Stefan Andriopoulos
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226020549
- eISBN:
- 9780226020570
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226020570.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
Silent cinema and contemporaneous literature explored themes of mesmerism, possession, and the ominous agency of corporate bodies that subsumed individual identities. At the same time, critics ...
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Silent cinema and contemporaneous literature explored themes of mesmerism, possession, and the ominous agency of corporate bodies that subsumed individual identities. At the same time, critics accused film itself of exerting a hypnotic influence over spellbound audiences. This book shows that all this anxiety over being governed by an outside force was no marginal oddity, but rather a pervasive concern in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Tracing this preoccupation through the period's films—as well as its legal, medical, and literary texts—the author pays particular attention to the terrifying notion of murder committed against one's will. He returns us to a time when medical researchers described the hypnotized subject as a medium who could be compelled to carry out violent crimes, and when films such as The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and Dr. Mabuse, the Gambler famously portrayed the hypnotist's seemingly unlimited power on the movie screen. Juxtaposing these medicolegal and cinematic scenarios with modernist fiction, the author also develops an innovative reading of Kafka's novels, which center on the merging of human and corporate bodies.Less
Silent cinema and contemporaneous literature explored themes of mesmerism, possession, and the ominous agency of corporate bodies that subsumed individual identities. At the same time, critics accused film itself of exerting a hypnotic influence over spellbound audiences. This book shows that all this anxiety over being governed by an outside force was no marginal oddity, but rather a pervasive concern in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Tracing this preoccupation through the period's films—as well as its legal, medical, and literary texts—the author pays particular attention to the terrifying notion of murder committed against one's will. He returns us to a time when medical researchers described the hypnotized subject as a medium who could be compelled to carry out violent crimes, and when films such as The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and Dr. Mabuse, the Gambler famously portrayed the hypnotist's seemingly unlimited power on the movie screen. Juxtaposing these medicolegal and cinematic scenarios with modernist fiction, the author also develops an innovative reading of Kafka's novels, which center on the merging of human and corporate bodies.
Neil Conway and Rob B. Briner
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199280643
- eISBN:
- 9780191700125
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280643.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR, Organization Studies
This chapter looks at a number of key challenges facing psychological contract researchers that need to be addressed to strengthen psychological contract theory and make it more useful to ...
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This chapter looks at a number of key challenges facing psychological contract researchers that need to be addressed to strengthen psychological contract theory and make it more useful to practitioners. The challenges faced by psychological contract researchers cover a wide range of areas, including the definition of the psychological contract, psychological contract theory, and appropriate ways of researching the psychological contract. This chapter considers in more detail some of the definitional issues raised earlier and the conceptual problems they raise, and suggests ways in which aspects of the psychological contract concept can be clarified and developed. Six key six challenges are examined: what are the differences between expectations, obligations, and promises? What is meant by implicit promises? Are psychological contract beliefs only those shaped by the employee's current organization? What are the precise, specific links in the reciprocal exchange between employers and employees? Who, or what, do employees perceive to be the organization? Another important issue is how employees anthropomorphize the organization.Less
This chapter looks at a number of key challenges facing psychological contract researchers that need to be addressed to strengthen psychological contract theory and make it more useful to practitioners. The challenges faced by psychological contract researchers cover a wide range of areas, including the definition of the psychological contract, psychological contract theory, and appropriate ways of researching the psychological contract. This chapter considers in more detail some of the definitional issues raised earlier and the conceptual problems they raise, and suggests ways in which aspects of the psychological contract concept can be clarified and developed. Six key six challenges are examined: what are the differences between expectations, obligations, and promises? What is meant by implicit promises? Are psychological contract beliefs only those shaped by the employee's current organization? What are the precise, specific links in the reciprocal exchange between employers and employees? Who, or what, do employees perceive to be the organization? Another important issue is how employees anthropomorphize the organization.
Edison J. Trickett
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195380576
- eISBN:
- 9780199864508
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380576.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter provides commentary on Chapters 2–4. It raises probing questions about the varied conceptualizations of empowerment applied across chapters and across types of settings, the importance ...
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This chapter provides commentary on Chapters 2–4. It raises probing questions about the varied conceptualizations of empowerment applied across chapters and across types of settings, the importance of attending to “ripple” effects of setting processes and activities at multiple levels of analysis, the ecological influence of the researcher-setting relationship, and the complex challenges of intervention.Less
This chapter provides commentary on Chapters 2–4. It raises probing questions about the varied conceptualizations of empowerment applied across chapters and across types of settings, the importance of attending to “ripple” effects of setting processes and activities at multiple levels of analysis, the ecological influence of the researcher-setting relationship, and the complex challenges of intervention.
Anne Galletta
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814732939
- eISBN:
- 9780814732953
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814732939.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This book offers an in-depth step-by-step guide to the use of semi-structured interviews in qualitative research. By tracing the life of an actual research project—an exploration of a school ...
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This book offers an in-depth step-by-step guide to the use of semi-structured interviews in qualitative research. By tracing the life of an actual research project—an exploration of a school district's effort over 40 years to address racial equality—as a consistent example threaded across the book, it shows how readers can approach the planning and execution of their own new research endeavor, and illuminates unexpected real-life challenges they may confront and how to address them. The book offers a close look at the inductive nature of qualitative research, the use of researcher reflexivity, and the systematic and iterative steps involved in data collection, analysis, and interpretation. It offers guidance on how to develop an interview protocol, including the arrangement of questions and ways to evoke analytically rich data.Less
This book offers an in-depth step-by-step guide to the use of semi-structured interviews in qualitative research. By tracing the life of an actual research project—an exploration of a school district's effort over 40 years to address racial equality—as a consistent example threaded across the book, it shows how readers can approach the planning and execution of their own new research endeavor, and illuminates unexpected real-life challenges they may confront and how to address them. The book offers a close look at the inductive nature of qualitative research, the use of researcher reflexivity, and the systematic and iterative steps involved in data collection, analysis, and interpretation. It offers guidance on how to develop an interview protocol, including the arrangement of questions and ways to evoke analytically rich data.
Ann Oakley
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447349457
- eISBN:
- 9781447349464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447349457.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
The lives of most social researchers are dominated by the recurrent need to produce research proposals. This is particularly so for contract researchers — people who must raise their own salaries in ...
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The lives of most social researchers are dominated by the recurrent need to produce research proposals. This is particularly so for contract researchers — people who must raise their own salaries in addition to the direct costs of the research. For contract researchers, a research proposal is essentially a job application: failure of the proposal to secure funding means unemployment. For researchers whose contracts do not require the continual re-financing of their own jobs, the research proposal plays an important role as professional justification: the measure of a ‘good’ researcher is the number of research proposals successfully funded; or, to put it another way, the ‘failure’ to raise money is an easy invitation to professional criticism. This chapter presents the author's account of her first attempt to obtaining funding for the Social Support and Pregnancy Outcome project.Less
The lives of most social researchers are dominated by the recurrent need to produce research proposals. This is particularly so for contract researchers — people who must raise their own salaries in addition to the direct costs of the research. For contract researchers, a research proposal is essentially a job application: failure of the proposal to secure funding means unemployment. For researchers whose contracts do not require the continual re-financing of their own jobs, the research proposal plays an important role as professional justification: the measure of a ‘good’ researcher is the number of research proposals successfully funded; or, to put it another way, the ‘failure’ to raise money is an easy invitation to professional criticism. This chapter presents the author's account of her first attempt to obtaining funding for the Social Support and Pregnancy Outcome project.
