John Poertner
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195321302
- eISBN:
- 9780199777457
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195321302.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Communities and Organizations
The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) specified the accountability concerns for public child welfare and codified the outcomes for children served in these systems as safety, permanence, ...
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The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) specified the accountability concerns for public child welfare and codified the outcomes for children served in these systems as safety, permanence, and wellbeing. The drive to define, measure, report, and manage these results has dominated the field for many years, even prior to the passage of ASFA. However, some people suggest that the outcome movement has so skewed attention to results that the practices which produce them have been lost. This chapter outlines an approach toward assessing the external validity of child welfare practices through research reviews of empirically-supported practices and policies across variations in populations, settings, interventions, and outcomes.Less
The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) specified the accountability concerns for public child welfare and codified the outcomes for children served in these systems as safety, permanence, and wellbeing. The drive to define, measure, report, and manage these results has dominated the field for many years, even prior to the passage of ASFA. However, some people suggest that the outcome movement has so skewed attention to results that the practices which produce them have been lost. This chapter outlines an approach toward assessing the external validity of child welfare practices through research reviews of empirically-supported practices and policies across variations in populations, settings, interventions, and outcomes.
Anthony Liguori
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195188028
- eISBN:
- 9780199893577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188028.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Psychopharmacology
This chapter summarizes the current state of peer-reviewed research on acute marijuana effects on both actual and simulated driving. Most research on the connection between marijuana use and driving ...
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This chapter summarizes the current state of peer-reviewed research on acute marijuana effects on both actual and simulated driving. Most research on the connection between marijuana use and driving may be divided into three major classes of studies that occasionally overlap. These classes are: (1) post-hoc epidemiological surveys examining the extent to which prior marijuana use predicted collision-related injuries; (2) simulated driving studies; and (3) studies of actual on-road driving. While several reviews of the existing literature have drawn comparable conclusions, the available peer-reviewed literature has been marked by several inconsistencies in the methods used and samples recruited. The chapter will focus on identifying the strengths and limitations of the procedural approaches within this area of research. It presents a seven-step plan for improving research on marijuana and driving, and for clarifying the likelihood and nature of marijuana-induced impairment.Less
This chapter summarizes the current state of peer-reviewed research on acute marijuana effects on both actual and simulated driving. Most research on the connection between marijuana use and driving may be divided into three major classes of studies that occasionally overlap. These classes are: (1) post-hoc epidemiological surveys examining the extent to which prior marijuana use predicted collision-related injuries; (2) simulated driving studies; and (3) studies of actual on-road driving. While several reviews of the existing literature have drawn comparable conclusions, the available peer-reviewed literature has been marked by several inconsistencies in the methods used and samples recruited. The chapter will focus on identifying the strengths and limitations of the procedural approaches within this area of research. It presents a seven-step plan for improving research on marijuana and driving, and for clarifying the likelihood and nature of marijuana-induced impairment.
Adam Hedgecoe
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781526152916
- eISBN:
- 9781526161024
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526152923
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
This book explores the nature of decision making in one of the most crucial – yet also the most understudied – aspects of the regulatory system around biomedical research: research ethics committees. ...
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This book explores the nature of decision making in one of the most crucial – yet also the most understudied – aspects of the regulatory system around biomedical research: research ethics committees. Every month, all over the UK, groups of people sit down and decide what kind of research should be carried out on patients within the National Health Service (NHS). These groups – Research Ethics Committees (RECs) – made up of doctors, nurses, researchers, and members of the general public, help shape the future of medicine, and play a crucial role in the regulation of a wide range of research from social science to epidemiology, vaccine and drugs trials, and surgery. Despite coming into existence in the late 1960s, and the considerable literature bemoaning the chilling effect such review has on biomedical research, we don’t know very much about how these bodies make decisions. This book provides one of the first empirical examinations of this kind of regulation, drawing on observational, interview, and archival data to give in-depth ethnographic insight into RECs, as they operate in the UK NHS. A key insight of this work is that, despite the trappings of a modern regulatory system – the operating procedures, guidance documents, and websites – NHS REC decision making revolves around very old-fashioned aspects of social life such as interpersonal trust, reputation, and the performance of character, and that an accurate understanding of this kind of regulation requires an acceptance of the inherently social nature of the processes involved.Less
This book explores the nature of decision making in one of the most crucial – yet also the most understudied – aspects of the regulatory system around biomedical research: research ethics committees. Every month, all over the UK, groups of people sit down and decide what kind of research should be carried out on patients within the National Health Service (NHS). These groups – Research Ethics Committees (RECs) – made up of doctors, nurses, researchers, and members of the general public, help shape the future of medicine, and play a crucial role in the regulation of a wide range of research from social science to epidemiology, vaccine and drugs trials, and surgery. Despite coming into existence in the late 1960s, and the considerable literature bemoaning the chilling effect such review has on biomedical research, we don’t know very much about how these bodies make decisions. This book provides one of the first empirical examinations of this kind of regulation, drawing on observational, interview, and archival data to give in-depth ethnographic insight into RECs, as they operate in the UK NHS. A key insight of this work is that, despite the trappings of a modern regulatory system – the operating procedures, guidance documents, and websites – NHS REC decision making revolves around very old-fashioned aspects of social life such as interpersonal trust, reputation, and the performance of character, and that an accurate understanding of this kind of regulation requires an acceptance of the inherently social nature of the processes involved.
Brad Mehlenbacher
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262013949
- eISBN:
- 9780262289634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262013949.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter reviews and examines the enormous efforts of researchers interested in instruction and learning with technology in general and distance education in particular. A major part discusses ...
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This chapter reviews and examines the enormous efforts of researchers interested in instruction and learning with technology in general and distance education in particular. A major part discusses interdisciplinary conversations and commonplace assumptions, and provides an in-depth analysis of the complex relationship among instruction, learning, and technology. The author also presents 300 peer-reviewed research journals related to instruction and learning with technology, and organizes them broadly according to traditional disciplinary boundaries.Less
This chapter reviews and examines the enormous efforts of researchers interested in instruction and learning with technology in general and distance education in particular. A major part discusses interdisciplinary conversations and commonplace assumptions, and provides an in-depth analysis of the complex relationship among instruction, learning, and technology. The author also presents 300 peer-reviewed research journals related to instruction and learning with technology, and organizes them broadly according to traditional disciplinary boundaries.
Alexander Morgan Capron
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262027465
- eISBN:
- 9780262320825
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027465.003.0013
- Subject:
- Biology, Bioethics
Informed consent is usually thought of as the ethical cornerstone of research with human beings yet over the past thirty years a largegap has opened between informed consent as an object of ...
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Informed consent is usually thought of as the ethical cornerstone of research with human beings yet over the past thirty years a largegap has opened between informed consent as an object of veneration and its actual role as a governing concept in research with human subjects. This chapter argues that our failure to recognize that gap—and to make necessary policy adjustments—should be on the minds of the drafters of any proposal to reframe the federal regulations for research with human beings.Such attention would be particularly fitting because the federal rules themselves bear much of the responsibility for the diminishing importance of informed consent in research.Less
Informed consent is usually thought of as the ethical cornerstone of research with human beings yet over the past thirty years a largegap has opened between informed consent as an object of veneration and its actual role as a governing concept in research with human subjects. This chapter argues that our failure to recognize that gap—and to make necessary policy adjustments—should be on the minds of the drafters of any proposal to reframe the federal regulations for research with human beings.Such attention would be particularly fitting because the federal rules themselves bear much of the responsibility for the diminishing importance of informed consent in research.
