Susan J. Carroll (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198293484
- eISBN:
- 9780191598944
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198293488.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This volume presents a research agenda, developed by leading scholars of American politics, suggesting directions that could fruitfully shape the study of women and American politics in the early ...
More
This volume presents a research agenda, developed by leading scholars of American politics, suggesting directions that could fruitfully shape the study of women and American politics in the early 21st century. Each contributor was asked to identify existing gaps in knowledge in her area of expertise, to think about new directions for research, and to imagine the kinds of research projects that would both enhance our understanding of the dynamics surrounding women's participation in American politics and facilitate the efforts of those who are working to increase women's representation and influence in politics. The volume includes useful reviews of existing research about various aspects of women's political participation, but the primary focus is on important research questions that pose a challenge for the next generation of scholars. The contributors to this volume suggest approaches, methods, and topics for future research on the following subjects: political recruitment, campaign strategy, money, political leadership, parties and women's organizations, the gender gap in voting and public opinion, media, women of colour, and participation outside of conventional electoral politics. This volume originated from a conference organized by the Center for American Women and Politics at Rutgers University.Less
This volume presents a research agenda, developed by leading scholars of American politics, suggesting directions that could fruitfully shape the study of women and American politics in the early 21st century. Each contributor was asked to identify existing gaps in knowledge in her area of expertise, to think about new directions for research, and to imagine the kinds of research projects that would both enhance our understanding of the dynamics surrounding women's participation in American politics and facilitate the efforts of those who are working to increase women's representation and influence in politics. The volume includes useful reviews of existing research about various aspects of women's political participation, but the primary focus is on important research questions that pose a challenge for the next generation of scholars. The contributors to this volume suggest approaches, methods, and topics for future research on the following subjects: political recruitment, campaign strategy, money, political leadership, parties and women's organizations, the gender gap in voting and public opinion, media, women of colour, and participation outside of conventional electoral politics. This volume originated from a conference organized by the Center for American Women and Politics at Rutgers University.
Peta White
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199561629
- eISBN:
- 9780191722479
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199561629.003.01
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter deals with the starting base of any study, the research question. Most ideas and conceptions for studies are derived from practical expertise or previous studies. Before one can start ...
More
This chapter deals with the starting base of any study, the research question. Most ideas and conceptions for studies are derived from practical expertise or previous studies. Before one can start truly studying these ideas, a solid and sound research question should be defined. This is not as easy as it sounds. A research question should be clearly stated, unambiguous, and straightforward. In many cases one may find that general ideas need to be restructured in order to come to a single researchable question. The chapter deals with this process.Less
This chapter deals with the starting base of any study, the research question. Most ideas and conceptions for studies are derived from practical expertise or previous studies. Before one can start truly studying these ideas, a solid and sound research question should be defined. This is not as easy as it sounds. A research question should be clearly stated, unambiguous, and straightforward. In many cases one may find that general ideas need to be restructured in order to come to a single researchable question. The chapter deals with this process.
Peter J. Pecora, Ronald C. Kessler, Jason Williams, A. Chris Downs, Diana J. English, James White, and Kirk O'Brien
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195175912
- eISBN:
- 9780199865628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195175912.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
To understand the context and environment of the alumni while in foster care and their influence on adult outcomes, this chapter is divided into four sections. The first section deals with foster ...
More
To understand the context and environment of the alumni while in foster care and their influence on adult outcomes, this chapter is divided into four sections. The first section deals with foster care research. Prior research informing this study's research questions and hypotheses is discussed. This section begins by presenting findings on the impact of child maltreatment on later development. The next section looks at Landsverk's conceptual framework. This model describing critical factors impacting youth development in foster care is presented. The third section examines developmental theories and conceptual models. Theories and conceptual models explaining child growth and development and informing the Northwest Alumni Study are discussed. The last section looks at esearch questions and hypotheses. This chapter concludes by presenting the primary and secondary research questions and hypotheses.Less
To understand the context and environment of the alumni while in foster care and their influence on adult outcomes, this chapter is divided into four sections. The first section deals with foster care research. Prior research informing this study's research questions and hypotheses is discussed. This section begins by presenting findings on the impact of child maltreatment on later development. The next section looks at Landsverk's conceptual framework. This model describing critical factors impacting youth development in foster care is presented. The third section examines developmental theories and conceptual models. Theories and conceptual models explaining child growth and development and informing the Northwest Alumni Study are discussed. The last section looks at esearch questions and hypotheses. This chapter concludes by presenting the primary and secondary research questions and hypotheses.
Robin M. Leichenko and Karen L. O'Brien
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195177329
- eISBN:
- 9780199869800
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195177329.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter explores different understandings and interpretations of each process of global change. Drawing from discourse analysis and theories about the social construction of scientific ...
More
This chapter explores different understandings and interpretations of each process of global change. Drawing from discourse analysis and theories about the social construction of scientific knowledge, it shows that understandings of global environmental change and globalization are each embedded in separated and often competing sets of discourses. As a result, critical linkages and interactions between the two processes often remain unrecognized The chapter also emphasizes that discourses carry political weight and reflect underlying power structures, which give currency and legitimacy to some voices over others, and maintain the interests of some over the well-being and security of others. Discourses about global change influence the research questions that are asked, and prioritize the level or scale of analysis, both of which have profound implications for strategies to address the two processes.Less
This chapter explores different understandings and interpretations of each process of global change. Drawing from discourse analysis and theories about the social construction of scientific knowledge, it shows that understandings of global environmental change and globalization are each embedded in separated and often competing sets of discourses. As a result, critical linkages and interactions between the two processes often remain unrecognized The chapter also emphasizes that discourses carry political weight and reflect underlying power structures, which give currency and legitimacy to some voices over others, and maintain the interests of some over the well-being and security of others. Discourses about global change influence the research questions that are asked, and prioritize the level or scale of analysis, both of which have profound implications for strategies to address the two processes.
Peter J. Pecora, Ronald C. Kessler, Jason Williams, A. Chris Downs, Diana J. English, James White, and Kirk O'Brien
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195175912
- eISBN:
- 9780199865628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195175912.003.0013
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter summarizes the Northwest Alumni Study's main study research questions, hypotheses, and findings. Recommendations tied directly to the study data are discussed, along with other ...
More
This chapter summarizes the Northwest Alumni Study's main study research questions, hypotheses, and findings. Recommendations tied directly to the study data are discussed, along with other strategies that have been identified through discussions with alumni from foster care, staff, and others. The summary of major study findings is divided into findings from the (1) primary research questions and corresponding hypotheses and (2) supplemental research questions. Many of the questions and hypotheses concern the overall status of outcomes such as mental health functioning, while other questions concern relations among variables, such as the effect of child maltreatment on future financial health. In addition to answering the questions and testing hypotheses, data presented in previous chapters have provided answers to many unasked questions. These findings are presented where appropriate.Less
This chapter summarizes the Northwest Alumni Study's main study research questions, hypotheses, and findings. Recommendations tied directly to the study data are discussed, along with other strategies that have been identified through discussions with alumni from foster care, staff, and others. The summary of major study findings is divided into findings from the (1) primary research questions and corresponding hypotheses and (2) supplemental research questions. Many of the questions and hypotheses concern the overall status of outcomes such as mental health functioning, while other questions concern relations among variables, such as the effect of child maltreatment on future financial health. In addition to answering the questions and testing hypotheses, data presented in previous chapters have provided answers to many unasked questions. These findings are presented where appropriate.
Phyllis Solomon, Mary M. Cavanaugh, and Jeffrey Draine
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195333190
- eISBN:
- 9780199864317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195333190.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Chapter 4 reviews the central role of conceptual frameworks in RCTs. The purpose of the conceptual framework in an RCT is to provide a system of ideas for understanding how an intervention is ...
More
Chapter 4 reviews the central role of conceptual frameworks in RCTs. The purpose of the conceptual framework in an RCT is to provide a system of ideas for understanding how an intervention is believed to lead to the outcomes. The conceptual framework defines the potential effectiveness of the intervention in terms of activities that are thought to produce change, in what context, and toward what outcome. Theory provides guidance in shaping hypotheses and formulating research questions. Theories may help define mediator and/or moderator effects among concepts, and can enrich the contribution of RCT research to social science. Overall, the rigor and strength of any empirical research is based on the quality of the conceptual framework and its applicability to the service setting.Less
Chapter 4 reviews the central role of conceptual frameworks in RCTs. The purpose of the conceptual framework in an RCT is to provide a system of ideas for understanding how an intervention is believed to lead to the outcomes. The conceptual framework defines the potential effectiveness of the intervention in terms of activities that are thought to produce change, in what context, and toward what outcome. Theory provides guidance in shaping hypotheses and formulating research questions. Theories may help define mediator and/or moderator effects among concepts, and can enrich the contribution of RCT research to social science. Overall, the rigor and strength of any empirical research is based on the quality of the conceptual framework and its applicability to the service setting.
Laura Kelly and Patrick Stone
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198530251
- eISBN:
- 9780191729980
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198530251.003.0015
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Palliative Medicine Research, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
This chapter discusses the issue of how to develop a research question. This question is considered to be the most basic aspect of the study design, but it still receives little attention from ...
More
This chapter discusses the issue of how to develop a research question. This question is considered to be the most basic aspect of the study design, but it still receives little attention from prospective researchers. The discussion emphasizes the importance of having a clearly defined research question before starting a research project, and provides advice on how to turn an idea for research into a research aim.Less
This chapter discusses the issue of how to develop a research question. This question is considered to be the most basic aspect of the study design, but it still receives little attention from prospective researchers. The discussion emphasizes the importance of having a clearly defined research question before starting a research project, and provides advice on how to turn an idea for research into a research aim.
Julia H. Littell, Jacqueline Corcoran, and Vijayan Pillai
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195326543
- eISBN:
- 9780199864959
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326543.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter considers issues in formulating a research question and developing a protocol for a systematic review. The protocol is a written plan, which specifies the objectives of the review, study ...
More
This chapter considers issues in formulating a research question and developing a protocol for a systematic review. The protocol is a written plan, which specifies the objectives of the review, study eligibility criteria (the populations, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, and research designs that will be included), and methodological issues, including search strategies and plans for data extraction, data analysis, and synthesis. The chapter discusses the composition of review teams, involvement of stakeholders, and uses of logic models in planning a systematic review.Less
This chapter considers issues in formulating a research question and developing a protocol for a systematic review. The protocol is a written plan, which specifies the objectives of the review, study eligibility criteria (the populations, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, and research designs that will be included), and methodological issues, including search strategies and plans for data extraction, data analysis, and synthesis. The chapter discusses the composition of review teams, involvement of stakeholders, and uses of logic models in planning a systematic review.
Martin van der Gaag, Tom A. B. Snijders, and Henk Flap
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199234387
- eISBN:
- 9780191740619
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199234387.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter determines the social capital research question that can fully utilize the measurement instrument. It uses the position generator as a reference point and compares the measurements taken ...
More
This chapter determines the social capital research question that can fully utilize the measurement instrument. It uses the position generator as a reference point and compares the measurements taken by position generators with indicators created from alternative social capital measurement instruments. The chapter also studies the interrelationships between the different measures that can be computed from position generator data.Less
This chapter determines the social capital research question that can fully utilize the measurement instrument. It uses the position generator as a reference point and compares the measurements taken by position generators with indicators created from alternative social capital measurement instruments. The chapter also studies the interrelationships between the different measures that can be computed from position generator data.
John D. Early
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813040134
- eISBN:
- 9780813043838
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813040134.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
This chapter describes the four main questions of the research: What were the conditions in Maya communities at mid-twentieth century when the Church returned to them? How did the Catholic Church ...
More
This chapter describes the four main questions of the research: What were the conditions in Maya communities at mid-twentieth century when the Church returned to them? How did the Catholic Church present itself to the Maya then and in the following decades? How did the Maya perceive these presentations? What activities took place in Maya communities as a result of their perceptions? The research is not a comprehensive historical work but presents a synthetic view of the principal trends of interaction between the Maya and Catholic worldviews in Guatemala and Chiapas. The research is a work of the anthropology of religion that examines religious systems when embedded in the everyday lives of communities and their individual members. The research draws on and synthesizes the writer's research as well as ethnographic and historical accounts.Less
This chapter describes the four main questions of the research: What were the conditions in Maya communities at mid-twentieth century when the Church returned to them? How did the Catholic Church present itself to the Maya then and in the following decades? How did the Maya perceive these presentations? What activities took place in Maya communities as a result of their perceptions? The research is not a comprehensive historical work but presents a synthetic view of the principal trends of interaction between the Maya and Catholic worldviews in Guatemala and Chiapas. The research is a work of the anthropology of religion that examines religious systems when embedded in the everyday lives of communities and their individual members. The research draws on and synthesizes the writer's research as well as ethnographic and historical accounts.
Bart Nooteboom
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199241002
- eISBN:
- 9780191696886
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241002.003.0014
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation, Organization Studies
This chapter reviews the extent to which the preceding analysis helps answer the questions specified in Chapter 1, and explains the stylized facts supplied in Chapter 1 and elsewhere. For this, it ...
More
This chapter reviews the extent to which the preceding analysis helps answer the questions specified in Chapter 1, and explains the stylized facts supplied in Chapter 1 and elsewhere. For this, it summarizes the research questions and the answers provided in this book. It next discusses priorities for further research. The main priority is empirical testing of the many propositions set out in previous chapters. Hypotheses are presented and ways of testing them are indicated.Less
This chapter reviews the extent to which the preceding analysis helps answer the questions specified in Chapter 1, and explains the stylized facts supplied in Chapter 1 and elsewhere. For this, it summarizes the research questions and the answers provided in this book. It next discusses priorities for further research. The main priority is empirical testing of the many propositions set out in previous chapters. Hypotheses are presented and ways of testing them are indicated.
Mark Bell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199297849
- eISBN:
- 9780191711565
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297849.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, EU Law
This introductory chapter explains the research question investigated by the book — it is a study of the extent to which the objectives of combating racism and promoting ethnic equality have been ...
More
This introductory chapter explains the research question investigated by the book — it is a study of the extent to which the objectives of combating racism and promoting ethnic equality have been mainstreamed into EU law and policy. It explains the structure of the book and the rationale for the choice of case studies.Less
This introductory chapter explains the research question investigated by the book — it is a study of the extent to which the objectives of combating racism and promoting ethnic equality have been mainstreamed into EU law and policy. It explains the structure of the book and the rationale for the choice of case studies.
Mo Yee Lee and Amy Zaharlick
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199846597
- eISBN:
- 9780199315918
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199846597.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation, Communities and Organizations
An ethnographic approach is eclectic and allows for triangulation of data from multiple sources to enrich and confirm understandings of the studied phenomenon. Data analysis and interpretation are ...
More
An ethnographic approach is eclectic and allows for triangulation of data from multiple sources to enrich and confirm understandings of the studied phenomenon. Data analysis and interpretation are guided by an ethnographic perspective that values the researcher’s collaborative relationships with the study group. Data collection, management, and analysis are intricately related processes that occur throughout the study. Through a feedback process of constant questioning, modifying, and clarifying of data and findings, researchers attempt to determine ‘what is going on’ in order to construct an understanding of emerging data, to provide direction for further data collection, and to answer research questions. The central role of historical, sociocultural, and institutional factors are considered. Ethnographic analysis and interpretation facilitates discovery of the cultural factors significant to the group being investigated and how such discoveries fit into a larger context. Two case studies illustrate how an ethnographic perspective can yield culturally competent interpretations.Less
An ethnographic approach is eclectic and allows for triangulation of data from multiple sources to enrich and confirm understandings of the studied phenomenon. Data analysis and interpretation are guided by an ethnographic perspective that values the researcher’s collaborative relationships with the study group. Data collection, management, and analysis are intricately related processes that occur throughout the study. Through a feedback process of constant questioning, modifying, and clarifying of data and findings, researchers attempt to determine ‘what is going on’ in order to construct an understanding of emerging data, to provide direction for further data collection, and to answer research questions. The central role of historical, sociocultural, and institutional factors are considered. Ethnographic analysis and interpretation facilitates discovery of the cultural factors significant to the group being investigated and how such discoveries fit into a larger context. Two case studies illustrate how an ethnographic perspective can yield culturally competent interpretations.
Anne Galletta and William E. Cross
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814732939
- eISBN:
- 9780814732953
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814732939.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter addresses the role of extant literature and its influence in the crafting of a research design. Existing literature informs the development of a research question, selection of methods ...
More
This chapter addresses the role of extant literature and its influence in the crafting of a research design. Existing literature informs the development of a research question, selection of methods for data collection, and formulation of an analytical framework. Searching through these databases, using terms related to the topic, yields considerable sources, including journal articles, books, reports, and other relevant materials. The chapter also draws on some examples of initial approaches to the desegregation study to demonstrate the process for approaching a research in a way that is attendant to its local meanings as well as to broader spheres of influence.Less
This chapter addresses the role of extant literature and its influence in the crafting of a research design. Existing literature informs the development of a research question, selection of methods for data collection, and formulation of an analytical framework. Searching through these databases, using terms related to the topic, yields considerable sources, including journal articles, books, reports, and other relevant materials. The chapter also draws on some examples of initial approaches to the desegregation study to demonstrate the process for approaching a research in a way that is attendant to its local meanings as well as to broader spheres of influence.
Jonathan Brant
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199639342
- eISBN:
- 9780191738098
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639342.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society, Theology
The introduction offers an account of the purpose and genesis of the research project as well as an overview of the whole book. The intellectual puzzle that elicited the research is discussed as is ...
More
The introduction offers an account of the purpose and genesis of the research project as well as an overview of the whole book. The intellectual puzzle that elicited the research is discussed as is the reason for locating the research project in Latin America. Particular attention is paid to introducing the unusual methodology that was used in the development of this thesis as it is noted that a project that develops over a number of years, spans two continents, utilises two languages and shows little respect for the (sometimes contested) boundaries between the academic disciplines of systematic theology, film studies, and social science, is necessarily complex. Of great import is the way in which theory and empirical research data are fruitfully brought together. The potential application of this methodology to other theological concepts and cultural media is discussed.Less
The introduction offers an account of the purpose and genesis of the research project as well as an overview of the whole book. The intellectual puzzle that elicited the research is discussed as is the reason for locating the research project in Latin America. Particular attention is paid to introducing the unusual methodology that was used in the development of this thesis as it is noted that a project that develops over a number of years, spans two continents, utilises two languages and shows little respect for the (sometimes contested) boundaries between the academic disciplines of systematic theology, film studies, and social science, is necessarily complex. Of great import is the way in which theory and empirical research data are fruitfully brought together. The potential application of this methodology to other theological concepts and cultural media is discussed.
Daphne C. Watkins and Deborah Gioia
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199747450
- eISBN:
- 9780190266240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199747450.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter covers the first three steps in the nine-step process for conducting mixed methods research in social work. First it discusses developing a purpose statement and research questions, then ...
More
This chapter covers the first three steps in the nine-step process for conducting mixed methods research in social work. First it discusses developing a purpose statement and research questions, then it covers mixed methods design notation and language. The chapter also shares some popular mixed methods research designs, including the convergent parallel design, the explanatory sequential design, the exploratory sequential design, the embedded design, the transformative design, and the multiphase design, as well as those that are specific to social work and the steps involved in actually choosing a mixed methods design.Less
This chapter covers the first three steps in the nine-step process for conducting mixed methods research in social work. First it discusses developing a purpose statement and research questions, then it covers mixed methods design notation and language. The chapter also shares some popular mixed methods research designs, including the convergent parallel design, the explanatory sequential design, the exploratory sequential design, the embedded design, the transformative design, and the multiphase design, as well as those that are specific to social work and the steps involved in actually choosing a mixed methods design.
John Landsverk, C. Hendricks Brown, Justin D. Smith, Patricia Chamberlain, Geoffrey M. Curran, Lawrence Palinkas, Mitsunori Ogihara, Sara Czaja, Jeremy D. Goldhaber-Fiebert, Wouter Vermeer, Lisa Saldana, Jennifer A. Rolls Reutz, and Sarah McCue Horwitz
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190683214
- eISBN:
- 9780190683245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190683214.003.0013
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
A wide variety of dissemination and implementation designs are now being used to evaluate and improve health systems and outcomes. This chapter discusses randomized and nonrandomized designs for the ...
More
A wide variety of dissemination and implementation designs are now being used to evaluate and improve health systems and outcomes. This chapter discusses randomized and nonrandomized designs for the traditional translational research continuum or pipeline, which builds on existing efficacy and effectiveness trials to examine how one or more evidence-based clinical/prevention interventions are adopted, scaled up, and sustained in community or service delivery systems. The chapter also considers other designs, including hybrid designs that combine effectiveness and implementation research, and designs that use simulation modeling. A case example of a recent large-scale implementation study is presented as an example of measurement and design considerations in dissemination and implementation research. The chapter provides suggested readings and websites useful for design decisions.Less
A wide variety of dissemination and implementation designs are now being used to evaluate and improve health systems and outcomes. This chapter discusses randomized and nonrandomized designs for the traditional translational research continuum or pipeline, which builds on existing efficacy and effectiveness trials to examine how one or more evidence-based clinical/prevention interventions are adopted, scaled up, and sustained in community or service delivery systems. The chapter also considers other designs, including hybrid designs that combine effectiveness and implementation research, and designs that use simulation modeling. A case example of a recent large-scale implementation study is presented as an example of measurement and design considerations in dissemination and implementation research. The chapter provides suggested readings and websites useful for design decisions.
Christine Cheng
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- June 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199673346
- eISBN:
- 9780191755910
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199673346.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
A typical social science study begins by justifying the research question within the context of the existing academic literature. Yet there is minimal discussion on why one question is chosen over ...
More
A typical social science study begins by justifying the research question within the context of the existing academic literature. Yet there is minimal discussion on why one question is chosen over another. There is little reflection on the mistakes, uncertainties, wrong turns, and obstacles that are encountered on the way to formulating a particular research question. This chapter takes the opposite approach and shows that the detritus of our efforts to construct a research question is useful for unveiling how research is actually conducted. This chapter revisits the extralegal groups project to show how it was originally conceived and how different iterations of the research question evolved over time. It argues that research is inherently messy and that scholars should be more willing to adopt a reflective “Show Your Work” approach so that the reader can make sense of the methods used and the research design decisions that were taken.Less
A typical social science study begins by justifying the research question within the context of the existing academic literature. Yet there is minimal discussion on why one question is chosen over another. There is little reflection on the mistakes, uncertainties, wrong turns, and obstacles that are encountered on the way to formulating a particular research question. This chapter takes the opposite approach and shows that the detritus of our efforts to construct a research question is useful for unveiling how research is actually conducted. This chapter revisits the extralegal groups project to show how it was originally conceived and how different iterations of the research question evolved over time. It argues that research is inherently messy and that scholars should be more willing to adopt a reflective “Show Your Work” approach so that the reader can make sense of the methods used and the research design decisions that were taken.
Charles D. Garvin, Richard M. Tolman, and Mark J. Macgowan
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780195381542
- eISBN:
- 9780190213916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195381542.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter discusses the determination of specific research questions and categories of group work research. It describes how to locate relevant research done by others, how to select the outcomes ...
More
This chapter discusses the determination of specific research questions and categories of group work research. It describes how to locate relevant research done by others, how to select the outcomes desired by the relevant persons and how the research can examine whether these outcomes were attained.A major focus of the chapter is on the various qualitative and quantitative designs that may be utilized. Qualitative designs include ethnographic studies, grounded theory approaches, narratives, phenomenological analyses, case studies, and community based participatory research. Quantitative approaches that are discussed include experimental designs and quasi-experimental designs, The chapter extensively discusses research issues related to diversity and how to develop a research approach that respects and is relevant to diverse populations, choices of interventions, and choices of measures. Diversity issues discussed also include the demographic characteristics of members and how this is considered in planning research.Less
This chapter discusses the determination of specific research questions and categories of group work research. It describes how to locate relevant research done by others, how to select the outcomes desired by the relevant persons and how the research can examine whether these outcomes were attained.A major focus of the chapter is on the various qualitative and quantitative designs that may be utilized. Qualitative designs include ethnographic studies, grounded theory approaches, narratives, phenomenological analyses, case studies, and community based participatory research. Quantitative approaches that are discussed include experimental designs and quasi-experimental designs, The chapter extensively discusses research issues related to diversity and how to develop a research approach that respects and is relevant to diverse populations, choices of interventions, and choices of measures. Diversity issues discussed also include the demographic characteristics of members and how this is considered in planning research.
Kathleen Gerson and Sarah Damaske
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780199324286
- eISBN:
- 9780197533857
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199324286.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics, Methodology and Statistics
Qualitative interviewing is one of the most widely used methods in social research, but it is arguably the least well understood. To address that gap, this book offers a theoretically rigorous, ...
More
Qualitative interviewing is one of the most widely used methods in social research, but it is arguably the least well understood. To address that gap, this book offers a theoretically rigorous, empirically rich, and user-friendly set of strategies for conceiving and conducting interview-based research. Much more than a how-to manual, the book shows why depth interviewing is an indispensable method for discovering and explaining the social world—shedding light on the hidden patterns and dynamics that take place within institutions, social contexts, relationships, and individual experiences. It offers a step-by-step guide through every stage in the research process, from initially formulating a question to developing arguments and presenting the results. To do this, the book shows how to develop a research question, decide on and find an appropriate sample, construct an interview guide, conduct probing and theoretically focused interviews, and systematically analyze the complex material that depth interviews provide—all in the service of finding and presenting important new empirical discoveries and theoretical insights. The book also lays out the ever-present but rarely discussed challenges that interviewers routinely encounter and then presents grounded, thoughtful ways to respond to them. By addressing the most heated debates about the scientific status of qualitative methods, the book demonstrates how depth interviewing makes unique and essential contributions to the research enterprise. With an emphasis on the integral relationship between carefully crafted research and theory building, the book offers a compelling vision for what the “interviewing imagination” can and should be.Less
Qualitative interviewing is one of the most widely used methods in social research, but it is arguably the least well understood. To address that gap, this book offers a theoretically rigorous, empirically rich, and user-friendly set of strategies for conceiving and conducting interview-based research. Much more than a how-to manual, the book shows why depth interviewing is an indispensable method for discovering and explaining the social world—shedding light on the hidden patterns and dynamics that take place within institutions, social contexts, relationships, and individual experiences. It offers a step-by-step guide through every stage in the research process, from initially formulating a question to developing arguments and presenting the results. To do this, the book shows how to develop a research question, decide on and find an appropriate sample, construct an interview guide, conduct probing and theoretically focused interviews, and systematically analyze the complex material that depth interviews provide—all in the service of finding and presenting important new empirical discoveries and theoretical insights. The book also lays out the ever-present but rarely discussed challenges that interviewers routinely encounter and then presents grounded, thoughtful ways to respond to them. By addressing the most heated debates about the scientific status of qualitative methods, the book demonstrates how depth interviewing makes unique and essential contributions to the research enterprise. With an emphasis on the integral relationship between carefully crafted research and theory building, the book offers a compelling vision for what the “interviewing imagination” can and should be.
