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This chapter integrates the arguments presented in the previous chapters. Different virtues tend to support different roles, activities, and competencies. Therefore, global leaders must combine different virtues for being effective and a source of positive impact. Thus, the chapter suggests the relevance of strengths is contingent upon the global leaders’ roles and missions. Reciprocal influences between strengths are also discussed. The chapter also suggests that human strengths and virtues may serve as facilitators and enablers of global leader development. Finally, the chapter points out some research directions.

Transport Geography in general has a rich tradition of theoretical and empirical research. But as the literature suggests, it has rather been a neglected field in India. There is noticeable lack of interest of institutions in the study (as a full- fledged course) and research in this branch of geography, which is evident from dearth of robust data and reading materials. Broadly, some neglected areas of research may be identified. To mention a few, structure of rural transportation, transport requirement and problems of various hierarchies of towns, revitalization of inland navigation at different levels, the role of modern air transport as an inter-regional force of economic development etc. The future studies may be directed towards (a) analysis of structure of transportation networks through appropriate graph–theoretic measures,(b) critical examination of the composition as well as magnitude of the flow and(c) their mutual relationship with the economy. Serious work on trade and marketing, which seem to have disappeared from the research radar of geography need to be restored and revitalized on modern lines.

This conclusion brings together the book’s key findings in relation to dialogue in selected American independent cinema. It surmises that such speech is often written, performed, recorded and integrated in such ways that audiences construct meaning by joining the dialogue dots, or filling in the dialogue blanks. Individual lines are rarely memorable, yet this is not found to be a weakness of such independent film dialogue. Instead, it is the outcome of speech that is carefully entwined with the films’ various components. The remembering and repetition of specific lines by audioviewers is uncommon in these cases precisely because the language accumulates meaning through its execution in the finished film. Instead, indie dialogue can operates on complex levels that allows for alternative forms of audience pleasure. Overall, such dialogue is found to be characterized by: (1) alternations between verbal efficiency and excess; (2) ‘gaps’ in verbal meaning and (3) the reflexive, exaggerated treatment of mainstream dialogue norms. The book’s conclusion relates such cinematic forms of verbalism back to independent and art cinemas more broadly. It also identifies future research directions.

Status differences in expectation states theories are traditionally treated as binary, demarcating only low and high statuses. But some status differences, such as education, can have many discrete states. In this chapter the authors review the empirical evidence suggesting that, when available, humans do respond to not just differences in kind, but also differences in magnitude. The authors also describe existing methods for capitalizing on this quantitative information in order to make more precise theoretical and mathematical predictions. The two methods reviewed enable researchers to generate fine-grained predictions based on subtle status information as well as explicit quantitative information. They also discuss new developments in the expectation states tradition and how they align with conceptualizing status characteristics as graded or having more than two ordered states.

This chapter summarizes the main points of the communicative approach to user interface and documentation design. The term “designer” is used here to refer to anyone who designs and develops a user interface or writes user documentation. As stated at the beginning, the main ambition of this book is to further our understanding of the nature of the problems observed and to establish the language concepts (rather than guidelines) that will help designers when thinking about solutions to problems. Of course, the practical side is very important and must be further developed by those whose job it is to create design methodologies, standards, and guidelines. The present chapter highlights elements of practical advice given in earlier chapters and states the implications of what has been said. Accordingly, the style of presentation is different: everything is contained in bullet lists. It is assumed that previous chapters have been read, or will be read, as the supporting arguments are not developed here. The view expressed by Smith (1990) seems fitting: … Guidelines cannot replace task analysis. Indeed many guidelines, when considered along with their associated commentary, imply the need for careful task analysis to determine design requirements. Guidelines will not necessarily save work in user interface design, but in fact may entail extra work, at least in the initial stage of establishing design rules. If that initial work is well done, however, then subsequent software design should be more efficient and, of course, should produce a better user interface. … What needs to be added is that the initial stage that comprises audience and task analysis [e.g., as described by Bradford (1988) and Brockmann (1986)] must include language requirements analysis if successful communication with users is envisaged in the interface. • The concept of computer literacy creates a barrier to effective communication— people literacy and language literacy are much better concepts to work with. • Communication is language in action: Both spoken and written language must be seen in this light. • Communication involves people, which means that its cultural, social, and psychological contexts must be considered.