Alex Kirlik
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199765140
- eISBN:
- 9780199863358
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765140.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Human-Technology Interaction
This chapter presents the reprinted article “Toward Jeffersonian Research Programmes in Ergonomics Science” by Kim Vicente. Here, Vicente presents and advocates a Human-tech research approach and ...
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This chapter presents the reprinted article “Toward Jeffersonian Research Programmes in Ergonomics Science” by Kim Vicente. Here, Vicente presents and advocates a Human-tech research approach and agenda grounded in the tenets of Jeffersonian and representative democracy. The key message in this chapter is that a Human-tech research approach necessarily requires a broad, catholic perspective on viewing and selecting one's research methods and techniques.Less
This chapter presents the reprinted article “Toward Jeffersonian Research Programmes in Ergonomics Science” by Kim Vicente. Here, Vicente presents and advocates a Human-tech research approach and agenda grounded in the tenets of Jeffersonian and representative democracy. The key message in this chapter is that a Human-tech research approach necessarily requires a broad, catholic perspective on viewing and selecting one's research methods and techniques.
Merton Sandler and Geralyn M. Collins (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780192618108
- eISBN:
- 9780191724305
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192618108.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
Thirty per cent of all women and ten per cent of all men experience migraine. This crippling illness does not kill, but its high morbidity poses a massive economic problem and gives rise to ...
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Thirty per cent of all women and ten per cent of all men experience migraine. This crippling illness does not kill, but its high morbidity poses a massive economic problem and gives rise to considerable suffering. Its main manifestation, headache, is subjective, and there are no animal models. This makes traditional research approaches difficult, and has led to a variety of research strategies. Chapters here present the numerous advances that have been made over the past two decades in our understanding of this disorder, and discuss in depth the position of migraine research today and the directions it will take in the future.Less
Thirty per cent of all women and ten per cent of all men experience migraine. This crippling illness does not kill, but its high morbidity poses a massive economic problem and gives rise to considerable suffering. Its main manifestation, headache, is subjective, and there are no animal models. This makes traditional research approaches difficult, and has led to a variety of research strategies. Chapters here present the numerous advances that have been made over the past two decades in our understanding of this disorder, and discuss in depth the position of migraine research today and the directions it will take in the future.
Eve Lipchik, James Derks, Marilyn LaCourt, and Elam Nunnally
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195385724
- eISBN:
- 9780199914586
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385724.003.0012
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
The solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) model evolved out of the brief family therapy (BFT) approach between 1978 and 1984, long before the words evidence-based practice became an integral part of ...
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The solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) model evolved out of the brief family therapy (BFT) approach between 1978 and 1984, long before the words evidence-based practice became an integral part of the medical and mental health vocabulary. At the beginning, the team at the Brief Family Therapy Center (BFTC) utilized a research approach that relied on clinical observations and client data to discover which therapeutic techniques would most effectively facilitate behavioral change. Only recently has SFBT been studied through the lens of efficacy research and evidence-based practice. This chapter chronicles how the original team members actually used an evidence-based process to develop the model; how the approach evolved from a brief family therapy model to a therapeutic approach that focuses on future solutions; and the specific theory and interventions that made SFBT both similar to and different from other therapies.Less
The solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) model evolved out of the brief family therapy (BFT) approach between 1978 and 1984, long before the words evidence-based practice became an integral part of the medical and mental health vocabulary. At the beginning, the team at the Brief Family Therapy Center (BFTC) utilized a research approach that relied on clinical observations and client data to discover which therapeutic techniques would most effectively facilitate behavioral change. Only recently has SFBT been studied through the lens of efficacy research and evidence-based practice. This chapter chronicles how the original team members actually used an evidence-based process to develop the model; how the approach evolved from a brief family therapy model to a therapeutic approach that focuses on future solutions; and the specific theory and interventions that made SFBT both similar to and different from other therapies.
Stephen Gorard
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447342144
- eISBN:
- 9781447342212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447342144.003.0002
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
This chapter discusses the conduct of education research, as well as some methodological innovations that have been proposed and used. A simple general approach to research is described; including a ...
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This chapter discusses the conduct of education research, as well as some methodological innovations that have been proposed and used. A simple general approach to research is described; including a ‘sieve’, or a set of criteria, used to assist in the estimation of trustworthiness of any research study and the number of counterfactual cases needed to disturb a finding (NNTD). The chapter describes these and other innovations to generate evidence used in the following chapters; such as the mean absolute deviation and the Gorard segregation index. Furthermore, it presents an outline of additional research methods used in the following chapters.Less
This chapter discusses the conduct of education research, as well as some methodological innovations that have been proposed and used. A simple general approach to research is described; including a ‘sieve’, or a set of criteria, used to assist in the estimation of trustworthiness of any research study and the number of counterfactual cases needed to disturb a finding (NNTD). The chapter describes these and other innovations to generate evidence used in the following chapters; such as the mean absolute deviation and the Gorard segregation index. Furthermore, it presents an outline of additional research methods used in the following chapters.
Janis L. Dickinson and Rick Bonney (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449116
- eISBN:
- 9780801463952
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449116.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
Citizen science enlists members of the public to make and record useful observations, such as counting birds in their backyards. The large numbers of volunteers who participate in such projects ...
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Citizen science enlists members of the public to make and record useful observations, such as counting birds in their backyards. The large numbers of volunteers who participate in such projects collect valuable research data, which create an enormous body of scientific data on a vast geographic scale. In return, such projects aim to increase participants' connections to science, place, and nature. In this book, experts from a variety of disciplines share their experiences of creating and implementing successful citizen science projects, primarily those that use massive data sets gathered by citizen scientists to better understand the impact of environmental change. The book addresses basic aspects of how to conduct citizen science projects, as well as the nuances of creating a robust digital infrastructure and recruiting a large participant base. An overview of the types of environmental research approaches and techniques demonstrates how to make use of large data sets arising from citizen science projects. A final section focuses on citizen science's impacts and its broad connections to understanding the human dimensions and educational aspects of public participation. The book teaches teams of program developers and researchers how to cross the bridge from success at public engagement to using citizen science data to understand patterns and trends or to test hypotheses about how ecological processes respond to change at large geographic scales.Less
Citizen science enlists members of the public to make and record useful observations, such as counting birds in their backyards. The large numbers of volunteers who participate in such projects collect valuable research data, which create an enormous body of scientific data on a vast geographic scale. In return, such projects aim to increase participants' connections to science, place, and nature. In this book, experts from a variety of disciplines share their experiences of creating and implementing successful citizen science projects, primarily those that use massive data sets gathered by citizen scientists to better understand the impact of environmental change. The book addresses basic aspects of how to conduct citizen science projects, as well as the nuances of creating a robust digital infrastructure and recruiting a large participant base. An overview of the types of environmental research approaches and techniques demonstrates how to make use of large data sets arising from citizen science projects. A final section focuses on citizen science's impacts and its broad connections to understanding the human dimensions and educational aspects of public participation. The book teaches teams of program developers and researchers how to cross the bridge from success at public engagement to using citizen science data to understand patterns and trends or to test hypotheses about how ecological processes respond to change at large geographic scales.
Marie Smyth and Catherine Bond (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861345141
- eISBN:
- 9781447303220
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861345141.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This book examines the role of participants in research, and how research ethics can be put into practice. Specifically, the book discusses the ethical regulations and guidance governing researchers ...
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This book examines the role of participants in research, and how research ethics can be put into practice. Specifically, the book discusses the ethical regulations and guidance governing researchers in different disciplines, analyses case studies of innovative research projects where ethics have been central to the researcher-subject relationship, assesses the impact of ethics on research methods and approaches, provides useful comparisons of research conducted by professionals and service-users, and offers a unique insight into research participants' perspectives, which are so often absent in discussions of research ethics.Less
This book examines the role of participants in research, and how research ethics can be put into practice. Specifically, the book discusses the ethical regulations and guidance governing researchers in different disciplines, analyses case studies of innovative research projects where ethics have been central to the researcher-subject relationship, assesses the impact of ethics on research methods and approaches, provides useful comparisons of research conducted by professionals and service-users, and offers a unique insight into research participants' perspectives, which are so often absent in discussions of research ethics.
Helen E. Longino
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226492872
- eISBN:
- 9780226921822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226921822.003.0010
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter considers the uptake of selected articles representative of the different behavioral research approaches by studying citation patterns, the reporting of behavioral research in mass-media ...
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This chapter considers the uptake of selected articles representative of the different behavioral research approaches by studying citation patterns, the reporting of behavioral research in mass-media and “middle-brow” publications, and the reviews of general-interest books by researchers. The goal was to obtain a more complete picture of the transmission of ideas, both within the research context and between the research context and nonspecialist readers. It shows that apart from isolated confrontations staged by journal editors or conference organizers, there is little interaction among proponents of different research approaches. Second, the research itself is unevenly reported in the popular media. In both quantity and interpretation, genetic research is represented as the major and most productive line of investigation. Third, the framing of behavioral research in terms of the nature-nurture debate suggests that the main question about behavior concerns individual behavior and individual differences in behavior.Less
This chapter considers the uptake of selected articles representative of the different behavioral research approaches by studying citation patterns, the reporting of behavioral research in mass-media and “middle-brow” publications, and the reviews of general-interest books by researchers. The goal was to obtain a more complete picture of the transmission of ideas, both within the research context and between the research context and nonspecialist readers. It shows that apart from isolated confrontations staged by journal editors or conference organizers, there is little interaction among proponents of different research approaches. Second, the research itself is unevenly reported in the popular media. In both quantity and interpretation, genetic research is represented as the major and most productive line of investigation. Third, the framing of behavioral research in terms of the nature-nurture debate suggests that the main question about behavior concerns individual behavior and individual differences in behavior.
Helen E. Longino
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226492872
- eISBN:
- 9780226921822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226921822.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to examine a set of research approaches that are in one way or another engaged with the debate over human behavior to understand their ...
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This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to examine a set of research approaches that are in one way or another engaged with the debate over human behavior to understand their epistemological structure (investigative methods, assumptions, basic concepts), the kinds of knowledge they provide, and the pragmatic aims they can be seen to advance. The book outlines the evidential and argumentative structure of empirical research on human behavior that either employs one or another biological approach or is claimed to present an alternative to such approaches. It argues for and elaborates three principal theses, one epistemological, regarding the character of knowledge generated in this research; one ontological, regarding the object of knowledge; and one social, regarding the differential uptake and diffusion of knowledge. The organization and structure of the book is also described.Less
This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to examine a set of research approaches that are in one way or another engaged with the debate over human behavior to understand their epistemological structure (investigative methods, assumptions, basic concepts), the kinds of knowledge they provide, and the pragmatic aims they can be seen to advance. The book outlines the evidential and argumentative structure of empirical research on human behavior that either employs one or another biological approach or is claimed to present an alternative to such approaches. It argues for and elaborates three principal theses, one epistemological, regarding the character of knowledge generated in this research; one ontological, regarding the object of knowledge; and one social, regarding the differential uptake and diffusion of knowledge. The organization and structure of the book is also described.
Helen E. Longino
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226492872
- eISBN:
- 9780226921822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226921822.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter reviews the five approaches discussed in Chapters 2–6. These are quantitative behavioral genetics; social-environmental approaches; molecular behavioral genetics; neurobiological ...
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This chapter reviews the five approaches discussed in Chapters 2–6. These are quantitative behavioral genetics; social-environmental approaches; molecular behavioral genetics; neurobiological approaches; and integrative approaches (developmental systems theory/dynamic systems, gene x environment x neurosystem interaction, and multifactorial path analysis).Less
This chapter reviews the five approaches discussed in Chapters 2–6. These are quantitative behavioral genetics; social-environmental approaches; molecular behavioral genetics; neurobiological approaches; and integrative approaches (developmental systems theory/dynamic systems, gene x environment x neurosystem interaction, and multifactorial path analysis).
Helen E. Longino
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226492872
- eISBN:
- 9780226921822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226921822.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter offers some conclusions based on the preceding chapters about the reach of scientific understanding of behavior. It extends the analysis of assumptions to underscore what the approaches ...
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This chapter offers some conclusions based on the preceding chapters about the reach of scientific understanding of behavior. It extends the analysis of assumptions to underscore what the approaches have in common and what differentiates them from one another. It argues that, as presently constituted, the approaches can neither be integrated nor reduced to one by elimination or reductive assimilation. Each characterizes its domain in a unique way that precludes the reciprocal evaluation suggested by their polemics.Less
This chapter offers some conclusions based on the preceding chapters about the reach of scientific understanding of behavior. It extends the analysis of assumptions to underscore what the approaches have in common and what differentiates them from one another. It argues that, as presently constituted, the approaches can neither be integrated nor reduced to one by elimination or reductive assimilation. Each characterizes its domain in a unique way that precludes the reciprocal evaluation suggested by their polemics.
Harding Rachel, Whitfield Grahame, and Stillwell Neil
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847427113
- eISBN:
- 9781447303497
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847427113.003.0015
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This chapter focuses specifically on service users' involvement as peer research interviewers. It points out that this approach, while part of a wider methodological commitment to challenging the ...
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This chapter focuses specifically on service users' involvement as peer research interviewers. It points out that this approach, while part of a wider methodological commitment to challenging the objectification of service users within research, represents just one method of doing so, and is notably distinct from ‘user-led’ research. It draws on two studies undertaken within the social housing sector to outline the rationale, methods and ethics of peer interviewing, and to assess its strengths, as well as its risks. It argues that through this research approach, benefits can accrue to the peer interviewer, the service user being interviewed, and the ‘quality’ of the research process and data gathered. It suggests that the benefits associated with peer interviewing are contingent on the effective management of the risks involved. It provides useful guidance on how best to minimise risk and maximise the benefits of peer interviewing, while also advocating further evaluation of the research approach.Less
This chapter focuses specifically on service users' involvement as peer research interviewers. It points out that this approach, while part of a wider methodological commitment to challenging the objectification of service users within research, represents just one method of doing so, and is notably distinct from ‘user-led’ research. It draws on two studies undertaken within the social housing sector to outline the rationale, methods and ethics of peer interviewing, and to assess its strengths, as well as its risks. It argues that through this research approach, benefits can accrue to the peer interviewer, the service user being interviewed, and the ‘quality’ of the research process and data gathered. It suggests that the benefits associated with peer interviewing are contingent on the effective management of the risks involved. It provides useful guidance on how best to minimise risk and maximise the benefits of peer interviewing, while also advocating further evaluation of the research approach.
Helen E. Longino
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226492872
- eISBN:
- 9780226921822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226921822.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter discusses integrative approaches to studying human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. These approaches take understanding the multiplicity of factors and their ...
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This chapter discusses integrative approaches to studying human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. These approaches take understanding the multiplicity of factors and their interaction as the focus of their research. Among these are developmental systems theory, the GxExN integration approach, multifactorial path analysis.Less
This chapter discusses integrative approaches to studying human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. These approaches take understanding the multiplicity of factors and their interaction as the focus of their research. Among these are developmental systems theory, the GxExN integration approach, multifactorial path analysis.
Stephanie Y. Evans
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032689
- eISBN:
- 9780813039299
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032689.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter focuses on research, which is one of the cores of higher education that raises questions of interest on scholarly agenda, curricular focus, pedagogical practice, and responsibilities to ...
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This chapter focuses on research, which is one of the cores of higher education that raises questions of interest on scholarly agenda, curricular focus, pedagogical practice, and responsibilities to communities. This chapter focuses on the contributions of Cooper and Bethune on the definition and modification of research. Although both exhibited parallelism in their ideas of research, knowledge creation, and meaning because of their cultural identities, both also illustrated nuances that separated one from the other. This chapter discusses Cooper's rational approach to research, wherein she argues the logic of faith in God and Bethune's metaphysical research approach, and she claims to have visions and powers from her ancestors.Less
This chapter focuses on research, which is one of the cores of higher education that raises questions of interest on scholarly agenda, curricular focus, pedagogical practice, and responsibilities to communities. This chapter focuses on the contributions of Cooper and Bethune on the definition and modification of research. Although both exhibited parallelism in their ideas of research, knowledge creation, and meaning because of their cultural identities, both also illustrated nuances that separated one from the other. This chapter discusses Cooper's rational approach to research, wherein she argues the logic of faith in God and Bethune's metaphysical research approach, and she claims to have visions and powers from her ancestors.
Helen E. Longino
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226492872
- eISBN:
- 9780226921822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226921822.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts. It discusses three major points emerging from this study. The first concerns the interrelations of the various approaches to the study of behavior. The ...
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This chapter presents some concluding thoughts. It discusses three major points emerging from this study. The first concerns the interrelations of the various approaches to the study of behavior. The second concerns the conceptualization of the phenomena to be explained. The third concerns the communication of research findings within the research community and in the wider public arena.Less
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts. It discusses three major points emerging from this study. The first concerns the interrelations of the various approaches to the study of behavior. The second concerns the conceptualization of the phenomena to be explained. The third concerns the communication of research findings within the research community and in the wider public arena.
Helen E. Longino
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226492872
- eISBN:
- 9780226921822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226921822.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter discusses neurobiological approaches to studying human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. Neurobiological research seeks answers to the question: What role do neural ...
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This chapter discusses neurobiological approaches to studying human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. Neurobiological research seeks answers to the question: What role do neural structures and processes play in behavior? The study methods employed are retrospective, concurrent, and prospective. Retrospective methods include the use of autopsies to identify neurostructural correlates of behavioral patterns attributed to the individual and correlational studies of prison, clinic, and hospital records to identify associations between brain injuries or other trauma (e.g., birth complications) and later aggressive or criminal behavior. Concurrent methods include brain imaging or measuring changes in other physical parameters (heart rate) associable with exposure to particular cognitive or sensory stimuli. Prospective methods include animal experiments to identify the effects on behavior of organizational or activational exposure to bio- and psychoactive substances, and clinical trials in humans to ascertain physiological, psychological, and behavioral effects of such substances.Less
This chapter discusses neurobiological approaches to studying human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. Neurobiological research seeks answers to the question: What role do neural structures and processes play in behavior? The study methods employed are retrospective, concurrent, and prospective. Retrospective methods include the use of autopsies to identify neurostructural correlates of behavioral patterns attributed to the individual and correlational studies of prison, clinic, and hospital records to identify associations between brain injuries or other trauma (e.g., birth complications) and later aggressive or criminal behavior. Concurrent methods include brain imaging or measuring changes in other physical parameters (heart rate) associable with exposure to particular cognitive or sensory stimuli. Prospective methods include animal experiments to identify the effects on behavior of organizational or activational exposure to bio- and psychoactive substances, and clinical trials in humans to ascertain physiological, psychological, and behavioral effects of such substances.
Helen E. Longino
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226492872
- eISBN:
- 9780226921822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226921822.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter discusses social-environmental approaches to studying human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. Social-environmental approaches seek to understand the environmental ...
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This chapter discusses social-environmental approaches to studying human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. Social-environmental approaches seek to understand the environmental contribution to the development and expression of various behaviors. The aim is to identify aspects of the social environment that may have an effect on the behavior of interest. Some studies focus on the familial environment, considering, for example, parents' attitudes and interactions with their children. Others look beyond to the school environment, and peer relations, or media exposure.Less
This chapter discusses social-environmental approaches to studying human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. Social-environmental approaches seek to understand the environmental contribution to the development and expression of various behaviors. The aim is to identify aspects of the social environment that may have an effect on the behavior of interest. Some studies focus on the familial environment, considering, for example, parents' attitudes and interactions with their children. Others look beyond to the school environment, and peer relations, or media exposure.
Stephen Crossley
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447334729
- eISBN:
- 9781447334774
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447334729.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter analyses the engagement of researchers with previous debates about ‘the underclass’ and notes that a recurring feature of such debates is the involvement of researchers. It examines the ...
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This chapter analyses the engagement of researchers with previous debates about ‘the underclass’ and notes that a recurring feature of such debates is the involvement of researchers. It examines the research approach within the Troubled Families Programme (TFP), highlighting the use, misuse, and abuse of research in a number of key areas. The chapter looks at a number of issues including the misrepresentation of data behind the Understanding Troubled Families report which helped support the case for the expansion of the TFP; the invention of a survey that allegedly proved the need for radical reform of services to help troubled families; the use of case studies in the troubled families narrative; and the criticism of researchers involved with the official evaluation of the first phase of the TFP.Less
This chapter analyses the engagement of researchers with previous debates about ‘the underclass’ and notes that a recurring feature of such debates is the involvement of researchers. It examines the research approach within the Troubled Families Programme (TFP), highlighting the use, misuse, and abuse of research in a number of key areas. The chapter looks at a number of issues including the misrepresentation of data behind the Understanding Troubled Families report which helped support the case for the expansion of the TFP; the invention of a survey that allegedly proved the need for radical reform of services to help troubled families; the use of case studies in the troubled families narrative; and the criticism of researchers involved with the official evaluation of the first phase of the TFP.
Helen E. Longino
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226492872
- eISBN:
- 9780226921822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226921822.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter discusses the quantitative behavioral genetics approach to understanding human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. Quantitative behavioral genetics is a study of ...
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This chapter discusses the quantitative behavioral genetics approach to understanding human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. Quantitative behavioral genetics is a study of phenotypic variation in populations, which aims to distinguish the (biologically) heritable portion from the nonheritable (or nonbiologically heritable) portion of that variation. This research approach has been controversial. While it can apportion the variance in expression of a trait in a population between biological and environmental variation, a number of criticisms reveal vulnerabilities in the program. These concern the overextension of heritability conclusions and assumptions about the accessibility of relevant variation in the environment to the observation methods of the behavioral genetic approach.Less
This chapter discusses the quantitative behavioral genetics approach to understanding human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. Quantitative behavioral genetics is a study of phenotypic variation in populations, which aims to distinguish the (biologically) heritable portion from the nonheritable (or nonbiologically heritable) portion of that variation. This research approach has been controversial. While it can apportion the variance in expression of a trait in a population between biological and environmental variation, a number of criticisms reveal vulnerabilities in the program. These concern the overextension of heritability conclusions and assumptions about the accessibility of relevant variation in the environment to the observation methods of the behavioral genetic approach.
Helen E. Longino
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226492872
- eISBN:
- 9780226921822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226921822.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter discusses the molecular behavioral genetics approach to studying human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. Molecular genetics promises to deliver more precise ...
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This chapter discusses the molecular behavioral genetics approach to studying human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. Molecular genetics promises to deliver more precise characterizations of the gene–behavior relation than is possible using the methods of classical population genetics. However, the cost of this precision has been a reduced number of behavioral dispositions that can be attributed without qualification to genetic configurations.Less
This chapter discusses the molecular behavioral genetics approach to studying human behavior, covering methods, scope, and assumptions. Molecular genetics promises to deliver more precise characterizations of the gene–behavior relation than is possible using the methods of classical population genetics. However, the cost of this precision has been a reduced number of behavioral dispositions that can be attributed without qualification to genetic configurations.
Katharine Mumford and Anne Power
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861344960
- eISBN:
- 9781447302179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861344960.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines the neighbourhood life in these areas in the East End. The first is ‘West-City’ in Hackney, while the second is ‘East-Docks’ in Newham. The neighbourhoods are described in ...
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This chapter examines the neighbourhood life in these areas in the East End. The first is ‘West-City’ in Hackney, while the second is ‘East-Docks’ in Newham. The neighbourhoods are described in detail, and the research approach that is used to gather data in these locations. It shows how the families who had participated in the research process were found, and determines if these two neighbourhoods are different or not.Less
This chapter examines the neighbourhood life in these areas in the East End. The first is ‘West-City’ in Hackney, while the second is ‘East-Docks’ in Newham. The neighbourhoods are described in detail, and the research approach that is used to gather data in these locations. It shows how the families who had participated in the research process were found, and determines if these two neighbourhoods are different or not.
