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The Story of the Last French Survivors in Saint-Domingue

in Facing Racial Revolution: Eyewitness Accounts of the Haitian Insurrection

This chapter presents an excerpt from a certain Mlle. de Palaiseau's account of the Haitian revolution focusing on the role of black rescuers in saving two white girls from the 1804 massacres ordered ... More

This chapter presents an excerpt from a certain Mlle. de Palaiseau's account of the Haitian revolution focusing on the role of black rescuers in saving two white girls from the 1804 massacres ordered by Jean-Jacques Dessalines. Although the narrative includes gruesome descriptions of the massacres, its principal interest lies in its description of the efforts made by black rescuers on behalf of the victims. The two girls were the last known French survivors in Saint-Domingue.Less

The Irreligious

Pearl M. Oliner

in Saving the Forsaken: Religious Culture and the Rescue of Jews in Nazi Europe

This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of irreligious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It compares irreligious rescuers and irreligious nonrescuers including a Dutch rescuer, a Polish rescuer, ... More

This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of irreligious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It compares irreligious rescuers and irreligious nonrescuers including a Dutch rescuer, a Polish rescuer, and a French communist nonrescuer. It also compares religious and irreligious rescuers and suggests that while they differ in many important ways, they also share some common characteristics.Less

Wilde Frau, Savage Midwife

Maurizio Bettini

in Women & Weasels: Mythologies of Birth in Ancient Greece and Rome

This chapter focuses on the midwife in Alcmene's tale—a character for whom the Rescuer could be considered a mythological projection. This character not only helps us find possible connections ... More

This chapter focuses on the midwife in Alcmene's tale—a character for whom the Rescuer could be considered a mythological projection. This character not only helps us find possible connections between the dissonant aspects of the weasel in the story but also understand the cultural meaning of the Rescuer's cunning.Less

Liability in Emergency Cases

Cees Van Dam

in European Tort Law

This chapter addresses the question of whether one person can be held liable for failing to rescue another person from a dangerous situation. It begins with an overview of German, French, and English ... More

This chapter addresses the question of whether one person can be held liable for failing to rescue another person from a dangerous situation. It begins with an overview of German, French, and English rules on liability for pure omissions. It then considers the circumstances in which it is reasonable for a right to rescue to occur. Finally, it examines the level of care to be maintained by the rescuer, as well as his right to compensation if he has suffered damage himself.Less

The Very Religious

Pearl M. Oliner

in Saving the Forsaken: Religious Culture and the Rescue of Jews in Nazi Europe

This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of very religious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. These include a nun, a Dutch Protestant male, and a church minister. This chapter compares the very ... More

This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of very religious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. These include a nun, a Dutch Protestant male, and a church minister. This chapter compares the very religious rescuers with equally religious nonrescuers in terms of the five summary factors and their associated measures. The findings reveal that the nun and the Dutch Protestant became rescuers only when aroused by their religious leaders, which gives apparent credence to the hypothesis that if the church had taken a clear stand, the Holocaust might never have happened.Less

The Moderately Religious: The Mildly and Somewhat Religious

Pearl M. Oliner

in Saving the Forsaken: Religious Culture and the Rescue of Jews in Nazi Europe

This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of moderately religious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. The analysis reveals that that the moderately religious constitute a group that is a ... More

This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of moderately religious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. The analysis reveals that that the moderately religious constitute a group that is a disproportionately low percentage of rescuers and a disproportionately high percentage of nonrescuers. This chapter compares the mildly religious and somewhat religious and also the moderately religious rescuers and nonrescuers. It also describes the stories of moderately religious rescuers and nonrescuers, including a mildly religious Italian man, a somewhat religious Polish woman, and a moderately religious French man.Less

Protestants

Pearl M. Oliner

in Saving the Forsaken: Religious Culture and the Rescue of Jews in Nazi Europe

This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of Protestant rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It analyzes qualities shared by the Protestant rescuers with other Protestants and how Protestants ... More

This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of Protestant rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It analyzes qualities shared by the Protestant rescuers with other Protestants and how Protestants generally compare with Catholics. The findings reveal that Protestants were particularly strong on potency measures compared to Catholics and that both Protestant rescuers and bystanders scored significantly higher on personal potency than their Catholic counterparts. This chapter also shares the stories of Protestant rescuers and bystanders including that of a German Lutheran rescuer, a Norwegian Lutheran rescuer, and a Dutch Lutheran bystander.Less

Catholics

Pearl M. Oliner

in Saving the Forsaken: Religious Culture and the Rescue of Jews in Nazi Europe

This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of Catholic rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It compares the Catholic rescuers with their Protestant counterparts and the results reveal that Catholics ... More

This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of Catholic rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It compares the Catholic rescuers with their Protestant counterparts and the results reveal that Catholics are generally more marked by a sharing predisposition and that they scored significantly higher on the sharing factor and its associated measures. It suggests that Catholics owe their sharing dispositions to their religion and their tight collective culture. This chapter also explains that Catholics are united by their religious identification, their sense of patriotism, and their reliance on their religious and national institutions to reach their goals.Less

Lithuania Honours a Holocaust Rescuer

Jonathan Goldstein

in Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 14: Focusing on Jews in the Polish Borderlands

This chapter discusses Jan Zwartendijk (1896–1976). Zwartendijk was a Dutch businessman and a non-Jew who helped thousands of stranded Jews in the Lithuanian capital city of Kaunas in the summer of ... More

This chapter discusses Jan Zwartendijk (1896–1976). Zwartendijk was a Dutch businessman and a non-Jew who helped thousands of stranded Jews in the Lithuanian capital city of Kaunas in the summer of 1940. The Polish Jews who had fled to Lithuania precisely to escape Soviet rule felt especially vulnerable and desperate during the annexation process. By July, virtually all consulates in Kaunas were in the process of closing. Panic set in among the Jewish refugees. At this point, Jan Zwartendijk, voluntarily and at great personal risk, took on a role which quickly evolved into the rescue of Jews. The chapter explores his accomplishments and considers why Lithuania only chose to recognize him for his courage 59 years after the event.Less

Endangered

Lisa Jean Moore

in Catch and Release: The Enduring Yet Vulnerable Horseshoe Crab

If you’re going to consider the horseshoe crab, you need to take a few steps back (and a deep breath) to understand the big picture and context of the its existence, the implications of being labeled ... More

If you’re going to consider the horseshoe crab, you need to take a few steps back (and a deep breath) to understand the big picture and context of the its existence, the implications of being labeled Endangered, and of even being identified as a species. And with that there’s the destroyer-rescuer role that humans play. I explain human enchantment with the horseshoe crab and at the same time relate it directly to some very hard truths.Less

Speculations about Jesus’s Return

Zeki Saritoprak

in Islam's Jesus

This chapter focuses on a number of themes found in the Hadith that have been prevalent in commentaries by Islamic scholars. The chapter includes both reliable Hadith as well as certain speculations ... More

This chapter focuses on a number of themes found in the Hadith that have been prevalent in commentaries by Islamic scholars. The chapter includes both reliable Hadith as well as certain speculations about the time and place of Jesus's return, His physical appearance, His prayer behind the Muslim leader, His relation to Islamic law, His followers, and His death. The chapter emphasizes that, in presenting these themes, the Hadith are ambiguous and must be skilfully interpreted for their theological import. However, the historical treatments of these themes do paint a clear picture of Islam's Jesus. He is a helper, a rescuer, and a bringer of justice.Less

An Interview with Glen Miguez

Glen Miguez and Barry Jean Ancelet

in Second Line Rescue: Improvised Responses to Katrina and Rita

This chapter presents an interview with Glen Miguez, who helped rescue some people who were stranded in their flooded homes due to Hurricane Rita. Glen spent the entire day picking people up and ... More

This chapter presents an interview with Glen Miguez, who helped rescue some people who were stranded in their flooded homes due to Hurricane Rita. Glen spent the entire day picking people up and taking them to safety. His is one of many similar stories of the vernacular rescuers who pitched in during the storm and its aftermath, saving people, pets, cattle, and horses.Less

Prosodically Defective Morphemes and blocking

Eva Zimmermann

in Morphological Length and Prosodically Defective Morphemes

The predictions of multiple interacting Prosodically Defective Morphemes are discussed in this chapter. For one, there are instances where several morphemes in a language are lexically marked ... More

The predictions of multiple interacting Prosodically Defective Morphemes are discussed in this chapter. For one, there are instances where several morphemes in a language are lexically marked exceptions to an MLM process. This can follow, it is shown, if those morphemes are prosodically defective themselves. A very interesting instance of such an effect can be found in Aymara where a so-called ’rescuer morpheme’ exists whose only surface effect is to block an expected MLM pattern. On the other hand, there are cases where lexical allomorphy between different MLM processes can be found. It is shown that again the exceptional behaviour of some morphemes in the presence of a triggering Prosodically Defective Morpheme follows if those morphemes themselves are prosodically defective. The chapter hence strengthens the role of phonological representation and shifts the burden of various (apparently morphological) idiosyncratic lexical information to the phonological representation of the morphemes in question.Less

Beyond Perpetrators: Complex Political Actors Surrounding the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda

Erin Jessee

in Perpetrators of International Crimes: Theories, Methods, and Evidence

This chapter considers the life histories of three convicted génocidaires—the term for those individuals who had some degree of criminal complicity in the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Since the genocide, ... More

This chapter considers the life histories of three convicted génocidaires—the term for those individuals who had some degree of criminal complicity in the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Since the genocide, the victorious Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) has, using a range of transitional justice mechanisms, disseminated an oversimplified official history of the genocide that divides the population into innocent Tutsi survivors or guilty Hutu perpetrators. However, convicted génocidaires’ actions surrounding the genocide were often more complex than the RPF’s official history acknowledges. For this reason, this chapter—building upon the work of Erica Bouris and Erin Baines—approaches génocidaires as ‘complex political actors.’ This framing allows for enhanced consideration of the individual circumstances that informed génocidaires’ actions. It similarly allows researchers to better comprehend génocidaires’ efforts to claim space as victims, bystanders, and survivors, for example, given the broader political, historical, and personal circumstances that informed their actions during the genocide.Less

Who Dared to Rescue Jews, and Why?

Nechama Tec

in Resisting Genocide: The Multiple Forms of Rescue

This chapter focuses on people who risked their lives to rescue Jews from the Nazis during World War II. Drawing on examples from Poland, it looks at various kinds of rescuers of Jews. More ... More

This chapter focuses on people who risked their lives to rescue Jews from the Nazis during World War II. Drawing on examples from Poland, it looks at various kinds of rescuers of Jews. More specifically, it considers rescuers who are most often examined in the Holocaust literature, together with the characteristics shared by various types of rescuers such as individuality or separateness. It also analyses the grey areas where altruistic rescue goes hand-in-hand with pursuing financial interests or with anti-Semitism. Finally, the chapter discusses the issue of getting beyond the distinction between non-Jewish and Jewish rescuers.Less

Eight Extant Alternative Approaches

Jennifer C. Rubenstein

in Between Samaritans and States: The Political Ethics of Humanitarian INGOs

Chapter 2 examines eight prominent and/or seemingly promising approaches to conceptualizing and normatively evaluating humanitarian INGOs. These include the ideas that humanitarian INGOs are ... More

Chapter 2 examines eight prominent and/or seemingly promising approaches to conceptualizing and normatively evaluating humanitarian INGOs. These include the ideas that humanitarian INGOs are (1) rescuers, (2) partners, (3) agents for their donors, and (4) agents for their intended beneficiaries. It also includes the idea that they (5) should be accountable to their intended beneficiaries; (6) should abide by traditional humanitarian principles; (7) are analogous to multi-national corporations; and (8) are neo-colonial. All eight conceptualizations offer important insights into, or raise important questions about, INGOs’ political and ethical position. However, they do not provide an adequate basis for an account of humanitarian INGO political ethics, nor do they show that such an account is unnecessary or beside the point.Less

Rescuers and Killer-Rescuers Duringthe Rwanda Genocide: RETHINKING STANDARD CATEGORIES OF ANALYSIS

Lee Ann Fujii

in Resisting Genocide: The Multiple Forms of Rescue

This chapter focuses on ‘acts of rescue’ — deliberate actions that people took to keep another person from being killed — committed by various people during the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda. Starting ... More

This chapter focuses on ‘acts of rescue’ — deliberate actions that people took to keep another person from being killed — committed by various people during the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda. Starting with the observation that it was extremely difficult to hide Tutsis during neighbourhood massacres, the chapter challenges the existing categories of ‘perpetrators’, ‘victims’, and ‘rescuers’ and instead calls for a greater emphasis on acts such as those performed by individuals in a given situation. It argues that analysts should take into account ‘acts of killing’ and ‘acts of rescue’, instead of thinking only of ‘perpetrators’ and ‘rescuers’. It also shows how perpetrators and bystanders engaged in acts of rescue during the Rwandan genocide.Less

Nieuwlande, Land of Rescue (1941/1942–1945)

Michel Fabréguet

in Resisting Genocide: The Multiple Forms of Rescue

This chapter focuses on the village of Nieuwlande in the Netherlands as a ‘land of rescue’ for the Jews during the period 1941/1942–1945. Drawing on the accounts of rescuers and runaway Jews, it ... More

This chapter focuses on the village of Nieuwlande in the Netherlands as a ‘land of rescue’ for the Jews during the period 1941/1942–1945. Drawing on the accounts of rescuers and runaway Jews, it analyses the political history of Nieuwlande. In particular, it looks at the diary of Arnold Douwes in order to understand the difficulties faced by members of the rescue network in convincing the local inhabitants to shelter runaways, as well as the strategies employed by the rescuers. It also considers the rejection of the German Occupation in Nieuwlande and the local inhabitants' reorganisation of civil resistance against the Nazis.Less