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The two major responses to prostitution in nineteenth-century Britain were the so called Rescue or Penitentiary Movement, and the Contagious Diseases legislation. In Ireland, admittedly, women had little involvement in outside Rescue Work. Nevertheless, they were extremely active in “recommending” women to Magdalen Asylums; and more significantly, where family members were responsible for such admissions, 72% of those “brought” to the Good Shepherd Homes were consigned to the institutions by female relatives. Further, the largest, most successful and most enduring Refuges to which penitents were confined were staffed and managed exclusively by nuns. Continuing to operate even when the Women's Movement was at its height, the Magdalen System in Ireland lingered on unnoticed, its victims not, apparently, a matter of concern. Tragically, scores of penitents (or “ladies” as they were latterly called) were still in the Homes in the early 1990s, when these once thriving empires were belatedly sold.

This chapter considers a firm exceptional among Japanese inward investors in its systematic commitment to local design and development capabilities. The Japanese parent company bought a local firm with innovative products and technical expertise, and sought to engineer new synergies between the distinctive professional competencies of Japanese and British technical staff. Local management were granted considerable operational autonomy to pursue this objective, but ultimately they failed because of intense international competition and a programme of parent company rationalization. This chapter develops a detailed analysis of the rescue, restructuring, and eventual closure of the subsidiary, tracing the selective appropriation and melding of national, corporate, and sector management approaches that were involved. On this basis, it explores the scope, vicissitudes, and limits of developing such local research, design, development, and production capabilities, illuminating the conditions under which inward investors may upgrade their research and development capabilities or concentrate their resources elsewhere.

This chapter focuses on the interaction between prostitutes and the state agencies charged with controlling them, in particular, the development of, and rivalry between, the two major institutions dedicated to prostitution management: the police and the social workers. It asks not only how each of these agencies interacted with prostitutes, but also how they dealt with each other. How did competition for resources between these two types of bureaucrats affect prostitutes? Did prostitutes prefer one agency to the other? If so, why? How did changing theories of deviance and worth affect bureaucrats' approaches to prostitution management?

Third World queer activists are increasingly caught between two discourses that challenge their self‐assertion: first, an occasionally orientalist cosmopolitan discourse of ‘LGBT rights’ that regards such rights as a marker of modernity and portrays societies that fail to respect them as backward; second, homophobic communitarian discourses of authenticity that contest queer self‐assertion with the claim that homosexuality is a Western vice. This chapter attempts to criticize power hierarchies within cosmopolitan LGBT solidarity, without downplaying the oppressiveness of communitarian homophobia against which such solidarity is directed. To do this, it disaggregates Western activist responses to cases of alleged persecution of homosexuals in Iran, bringing to light distinct manifestations of a gay rescue narrative. While some activists capitalized on the resonance between apparent queer rights abuses in Iran and the security preoccupations of Western states in the ongoing ‘war on terror’ to further their own domestic agendas of assimilation, others were wary of participating in such a politics.

Christian Right leaders spent the late 1980s and 1990s trying to take control of the Republican Party. In 1988, religious broadcaster Pat Robertson ran for the Republican presidential nomination. His campaign failed, but it signified a new political militancy among evangelicals who were no longer willing to acquiesce to Republican Party leaders. Some evangelicals joined confrontational political organizations, such as Randall Terry’s Operation Rescue. The most successful evangelical political organization of the 1990s was the Christian Coalition, led by Robertson and Ralph Reed. Reed orchestrated an evangelical takeover of southern state Republican Party organizations and became one of the nation’s most powerful political lobbyists. Though his efforts shifted the GOP to the right on cultural issues, Reed ultimately could not deliver the legislation that conservative evangelicals desired. Christian Right activists felt just as frustrated at the end of the 1990s as they had at the beginning of the decade.

This chapter confronts Peter Singer's enormously influential argument for giving up all luxuries and frills to aid the global poor, an argument based on the appealing principle that one ought to be willing to prevent something very bad from happening whenever one can do so without sacrificing anything morally significant. In opposition to this principle of beneficence, the chapter defends a moderate principle that only requires underlying concern for neediness as such that is sufficiently great that more would impose a significant risk of worsening one's life, if one lived up to one's other responsibilities. After grounding this principle on a morality of equal respect, and criticizing moralities of impartial concern, this chapter offers an alternative assessment of the cases of obligatory nearby rescue to which Singer appeals. These rescues are mandates of policies for implementing the moderate principle that everyone committed to it has reason to adopt, policies attending to nearby perils, which do not support Singer's radical global demands.

This chapter outlines the theory of inbreeding including a brief account on the theory of population subdivision and gene flow. This is of relevance to conservation issues because habitat loss and fragmentation induces elevated levels of population structure in endangered species through reduced migration between remaining habitat fragments. Population structure is a major cause of inbreeding. The relationship between genetic diversity and fitness is discussed, covering the issues of inbreeding depression and heterosis.

During the period June 2007 to October 2008, assets in financial institutions in the US lost $1,580bn in value, in the UK £122bn, and across the EU €784.6bn. The credit markets literally closed, banks were collapsing like cards, and international capital flows went into reverse as overseas investors repatriated their money as quickly as possible. After briefly outlining the pre-existing structure of UK financial regulation, this chapter focuses on the UK's response to the crisis as it unfolded and on some of the innovations, formalizations, realignments in the regulatory landscape prompted by the crisis. It draws attention to the importance of understanding the dynamics of the interrelationships between bodies operating within ‘extended executive’. It assesses the scrutinizing and validating role played by Parliament. Finally, it examines some of the implications of the tensions between globalizing financial markets, international regulatory harmonization, and national bank rescues.

Disasters as traumatic events are individual, interpersonal, community, and political events. This chapter reviews disasters in terms of their types and characteristics, size, duration, and impact on individuals and communities. The phases of a disaster include the pre-disaster warning or threat phase, the impact phase, the rescue stage, the disillusionment phase, and the recovery and reconstruction phase. Each phase of disaster brings unique challenges for first response professionals and in turn interventions require ongoing assessment, sensitivity, and appropriate application. Additionally, this chapter examines risk factors for adverse outcomes in relation to the psychosocial resources available to the disaster victims and emergency response professional. Effective peer support and mental health responses to first responders to disasters are far more than a collection of separate and individual interventions. Disaster mental health and peer support work requires knowledge of disasters and wide range of interventions with individuals, groups and organizations while having the tolerance if not “savvy” for the politics.

This chapter starts by reviewing and elaborating the contributions of environmental circumstances to personal meanings. It then gives major attention to approaches that can be used to alter the nature of environmental sources of information. In particular, it focuses on methods for acquiring concrete resources, removing service barriers, and increasing clients' participation in the planning and delivery of services. Special emphasis is given to work with people who are the most vulnerable to psychosocial problems because of the complex nature of life in poverty-ridden, inner-city neighborhoods. Case examples and practical guidelines are offered to assist in the undertaking of this complicated person-environment work. For example, advice is given on how to avoid falling into common defensive patterns of stereotyping, blaming the client, focusing too narrowly on the dangers and deprivations in their clients' lives, or rushing into rescue clients from themselves and their deteriorating communities.

This chapter takes a close look at Peter Singer's argument that we have individual obligations to help those suffering from chronic severe poverty. The chapter compares Singer's drowning child analogy with the case of chronic severe poverty and argues that, although there are important differences in the two cases, the analogy holds, and where it differs, the case for aiding those who suffer from chronic severe poverty is more compelling than the rescue of an individual in an emergency, such as a child drowning in a pond. It is argued that, insofar as the threat to human interests caused by extreme poverty arise from a systematic injustice—and not a random emergency—duties to give aid are greater in the former than the latter.

Rejecting Milton Friedman's classic position, this chapter develops an account of corporate philanthropy as a legitimate corporate activity. The author evaluates arguments for and against the view that corporations are obligated to engage in philanthropy. With the main exception, and from the perspective of efficiency, the chapter proposes that corporate giving be grounded in corporate core competencies. In rare cases, corporate philanthropy is mandatory. In particular, firms that have a “unique human catastrophe rescue competency” may have a moral obligation to render aid as needed.

This chapter talks about crime against women and juveniles, which have taken different forms with the changing socio-economic scenario in Delhi. The chapter lists the broad categories for classifying such types of crimes. Some of the categories are discussed in the following sections. The first is on dowry deaths, where newlywed girls are either murdered or subjected to situations that would ultimately push them to commit suicide. The second is on rape, where an analysis of case studies of rape cases that were registered in Delhi is provided. The third is on kidnapping/abduction of women and girls, for the main purpose of commercial sexual exploitation. The case study on this type of crime is based on interviews of the women and girls who were rescued from brothels. A quick rundown of the rescue operations for sex trafficking is presented. A discussion of juveniles is included.

This chapter examines the motives underlying the European powers' multilateral intervention in Crete during the period 1866–1869. It first considers the context of the Cretan Christians' revolt of 1866 as well as the massacres that triggered the Cretan crisis, which revolved around the question of the union of the island with Greece. It then discusses the European powers' reactions to the Cretan insurrection, the intervening powers' rescue of Christian Cretans, and the diplomatic solution to the crisis. It shows that Great Britain opposed any forcible action to save strangers based on the belief that massacre and atrocities were not serious or tragic enough to undertake an armed humanitarian intervention. It argues that the British were determined not to help Christian Cretans due to concerns about the “Eastern Question.”

Chapter 2 offers a comparative study of the Malay trilogy of novels (Almayer's Folly, An Outcast of the Islands, and The Rescue) with which Conrad began his career and the Buru tetralogy of novels (This Earth of Mankind, Child of All Nations, Footsteps, and House of Glass) that Pramoedya composed in Buru Island prison camp. For each novel sequence, opera presents a revealing problem of narrative consciousness and cultural capital. This problem organizes the chapter's comparative reading of the two novel sequences, drawing from and critiquing, in turn, Edward Said's model of “contrapuntal reading.”

This chapter describes popular marketing of Conrad's fiction in highly visual contexts. In spite of the modernist emphasis on the fragmentation of vision, the new media of glossy magazines, photographs, and films ensured the endurance of hegemonic codes — of perspective, framing devices, and portraiture. Conrad examined the survival of these codes in a literal sense, looking at the ways in which traditional structures of vision contribute to the limitation of female identity, particularly within the popular genres. Conrad's unexpected contribution to an ongoing debate about female identity, in novels like Chance, Victory, The Arrow of Gold, The Rover, and The Rescue puts him in a much closer dynamic with his contemporaries, with the work of authors ranging from Warthon, James, Bennett, Galsworthy, Ford, and with the inexpensive editions of neglected popular writers.