Frances Finnegan
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195174601
- eISBN:
- 9780199849901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195174601.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The two major responses to prostitution in nineteenth-century Britain were the so called Rescue or Penitentiary Movement, and the Contagious Diseases legislation. In Ireland, admittedly, women had ...
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The two major responses to prostitution in nineteenth-century Britain were the so called Rescue or Penitentiary Movement, and the Contagious Diseases legislation. In Ireland, admittedly, women had little involvement in outside Rescue Work. Nevertheless, they were extremely active in “recommending” women to Magdalen Asylums; and more significantly, where family members were responsible for such admissions, 72% of those “brought” to the Good Shepherd Homes were consigned to the institutions by female relatives. Further, the largest, most successful and most enduring Refuges to which penitents were confined were staffed and managed exclusively by nuns. Continuing to operate even when the Women's Movement was at its height, the Magdalen System in Ireland lingered on unnoticed, its victims not, apparently, a matter of concern. Tragically, scores of penitents (or “ladies” as they were latterly called) were still in the Homes in the early 1990s, when these once thriving empires were belatedly sold.Less
The two major responses to prostitution in nineteenth-century Britain were the so called Rescue or Penitentiary Movement, and the Contagious Diseases legislation. In Ireland, admittedly, women had little involvement in outside Rescue Work. Nevertheless, they were extremely active in “recommending” women to Magdalen Asylums; and more significantly, where family members were responsible for such admissions, 72% of those “brought” to the Good Shepherd Homes were consigned to the institutions by female relatives. Further, the largest, most successful and most enduring Refuges to which penitents were confined were staffed and managed exclusively by nuns. Continuing to operate even when the Women's Movement was at its height, the Magdalen System in Ireland lingered on unnoticed, its victims not, apparently, a matter of concern. Tragically, scores of penitents (or “ladies” as they were latterly called) were still in the Homes in the early 1990s, when these once thriving empires were belatedly sold.
Tony Elger and Chris Smith
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199241514
- eISBN:
- 9780191714405
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241514.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This chapter considers a firm exceptional among Japanese inward investors in its systematic commitment to local design and development capabilities. The Japanese parent company bought a local firm ...
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This chapter considers a firm exceptional among Japanese inward investors in its systematic commitment to local design and development capabilities. The Japanese parent company bought a local firm with innovative products and technical expertise, and sought to engineer new synergies between the distinctive professional competencies of Japanese and British technical staff. Local management were granted considerable operational autonomy to pursue this objective, but ultimately they failed because of intense international competition and a programme of parent company rationalization. This chapter develops a detailed analysis of the rescue, restructuring, and eventual closure of the subsidiary, tracing the selective appropriation and melding of national, corporate, and sector management approaches that were involved. On this basis, it explores the scope, vicissitudes, and limits of developing such local research, design, development, and production capabilities, illuminating the conditions under which inward investors may upgrade their research and development capabilities or concentrate their resources elsewhere.Less
This chapter considers a firm exceptional among Japanese inward investors in its systematic commitment to local design and development capabilities. The Japanese parent company bought a local firm with innovative products and technical expertise, and sought to engineer new synergies between the distinctive professional competencies of Japanese and British technical staff. Local management were granted considerable operational autonomy to pursue this objective, but ultimately they failed because of intense international competition and a programme of parent company rationalization. This chapter develops a detailed analysis of the rescue, restructuring, and eventual closure of the subsidiary, tracing the selective appropriation and melding of national, corporate, and sector management approaches that were involved. On this basis, it explores the scope, vicissitudes, and limits of developing such local research, design, development, and production capabilities, illuminating the conditions under which inward investors may upgrade their research and development capabilities or concentrate their resources elsewhere.
Victoria Harris
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199578573
- eISBN:
- 9780191722936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199578573.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter focuses on the interaction between prostitutes and the state agencies charged with controlling them, in particular, the development of, and rivalry between, the two major institutions ...
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This chapter focuses on the interaction between prostitutes and the state agencies charged with controlling them, in particular, the development of, and rivalry between, the two major institutions dedicated to prostitution management: the police and the social workers. It asks not only how each of these agencies interacted with prostitutes, but also how they dealt with each other. How did competition for resources between these two types of bureaucrats affect prostitutes? Did prostitutes prefer one agency to the other? If so, why? How did changing theories of deviance and worth affect bureaucrats' approaches to prostitution management?Less
This chapter focuses on the interaction between prostitutes and the state agencies charged with controlling them, in particular, the development of, and rivalry between, the two major institutions dedicated to prostitution management: the police and the social workers. It asks not only how each of these agencies interacted with prostitutes, but also how they dealt with each other. How did competition for resources between these two types of bureaucrats affect prostitutes? Did prostitutes prefer one agency to the other? If so, why? How did changing theories of deviance and worth affect bureaucrats' approaches to prostitution management?
Daniel K. Williams
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195340846
- eISBN:
- 9780199867141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340846.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Christian Right leaders spent the late 1980s and 1990s trying to take control of the Republican Party. In 1988, religious broadcaster Pat Robertson ran for the Republican presidential nomination. His ...
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Christian Right leaders spent the late 1980s and 1990s trying to take control of the Republican Party. In 1988, religious broadcaster Pat Robertson ran for the Republican presidential nomination. His campaign failed, but it signified a new political militancy among evangelicals who were no longer willing to acquiesce to Republican Party leaders. Some evangelicals joined confrontational political organizations, such as Randall Terry’s Operation Rescue. The most successful evangelical political organization of the 1990s was the Christian Coalition, led by Robertson and Ralph Reed. Reed orchestrated an evangelical takeover of southern state Republican Party organizations and became one of the nation’s most powerful political lobbyists. Though his efforts shifted the GOP to the right on cultural issues, Reed ultimately could not deliver the legislation that conservative evangelicals desired. Christian Right activists felt just as frustrated at the end of the 1990s as they had at the beginning of the decade.Less
Christian Right leaders spent the late 1980s and 1990s trying to take control of the Republican Party. In 1988, religious broadcaster Pat Robertson ran for the Republican presidential nomination. His campaign failed, but it signified a new political militancy among evangelicals who were no longer willing to acquiesce to Republican Party leaders. Some evangelicals joined confrontational political organizations, such as Randall Terry’s Operation Rescue. The most successful evangelical political organization of the 1990s was the Christian Coalition, led by Robertson and Ralph Reed. Reed orchestrated an evangelical takeover of southern state Republican Party organizations and became one of the nation’s most powerful political lobbyists. Though his efforts shifted the GOP to the right on cultural issues, Reed ultimately could not deliver the legislation that conservative evangelicals desired. Christian Right activists felt just as frustrated at the end of the 1990s as they had at the beginning of the decade.
Rahul Rao
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560370
- eISBN:
- 9780191721694
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560370.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
Third World queer activists are increasingly caught between two discourses that challenge their self‐assertion: first, an occasionally orientalist cosmopolitan discourse of ‘LGBT rights’ that regards ...
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Third World queer activists are increasingly caught between two discourses that challenge their self‐assertion: first, an occasionally orientalist cosmopolitan discourse of ‘LGBT rights’ that regards such rights as a marker of modernity and portrays societies that fail to respect them as backward; second, homophobic communitarian discourses of authenticity that contest queer self‐assertion with the claim that homosexuality is a Western vice. This chapter attempts to criticize power hierarchies within cosmopolitan LGBT solidarity, without downplaying the oppressiveness of communitarian homophobia against which such solidarity is directed. To do this, it disaggregates Western activist responses to cases of alleged persecution of homosexuals in Iran, bringing to light distinct manifestations of a gay rescue narrative. While some activists capitalized on the resonance between apparent queer rights abuses in Iran and the security preoccupations of Western states in the ongoing ‘war on terror’ to further their own domestic agendas of assimilation, others were wary of participating in such a politics.Less
Third World queer activists are increasingly caught between two discourses that challenge their self‐assertion: first, an occasionally orientalist cosmopolitan discourse of ‘LGBT rights’ that regards such rights as a marker of modernity and portrays societies that fail to respect them as backward; second, homophobic communitarian discourses of authenticity that contest queer self‐assertion with the claim that homosexuality is a Western vice. This chapter attempts to criticize power hierarchies within cosmopolitan LGBT solidarity, without downplaying the oppressiveness of communitarian homophobia against which such solidarity is directed. To do this, it disaggregates Western activist responses to cases of alleged persecution of homosexuals in Iran, bringing to light distinct manifestations of a gay rescue narrative. While some activists capitalized on the resonance between apparent queer rights abuses in Iran and the security preoccupations of Western states in the ongoing ‘war on terror’ to further their own domestic agendas of assimilation, others were wary of participating in such a politics.
William D. Wilkinson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813033341
- eISBN:
- 9780813039022
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813033341.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This book provides detailed history and technical design information on every type of small rescue craft ever used by the United States Life-Saving Service and United States Coast Guard, from the ...
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This book provides detailed history and technical design information on every type of small rescue craft ever used by the United States Life-Saving Service and United States Coast Guard, from the early 1800s to the current day. By looking at these vessels, many of which featured innovative designs, the chapters shed light on the brave men and women who served in USLSS and USCG stations, saving innumerable lives. In the book rare photographs and drawings of each type of boat are enhanced by detailed design histories, specifications, and station assignments for each craft. The book includes motorized, wind-powered, and human-powered vessels.Less
This book provides detailed history and technical design information on every type of small rescue craft ever used by the United States Life-Saving Service and United States Coast Guard, from the early 1800s to the current day. By looking at these vessels, many of which featured innovative designs, the chapters shed light on the brave men and women who served in USLSS and USCG stations, saving innumerable lives. In the book rare photographs and drawings of each type of boat are enhanced by detailed design histories, specifications, and station assignments for each craft. The book includes motorized, wind-powered, and human-powered vessels.
Richard W. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199581986
- eISBN:
- 9780191723247
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199581986.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter confronts Peter Singer's enormously influential argument for giving up all luxuries and frills to aid the global poor, an argument based on the appealing principle that one ought to be ...
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This chapter confronts Peter Singer's enormously influential argument for giving up all luxuries and frills to aid the global poor, an argument based on the appealing principle that one ought to be willing to prevent something very bad from happening whenever one can do so without sacrificing anything morally significant. In opposition to this principle of beneficence, the chapter defends a moderate principle that only requires underlying concern for neediness as such that is sufficiently great that more would impose a significant risk of worsening one's life, if one lived up to one's other responsibilities. After grounding this principle on a morality of equal respect, and criticizing moralities of impartial concern, this chapter offers an alternative assessment of the cases of obligatory nearby rescue to which Singer appeals. These rescues are mandates of policies for implementing the moderate principle that everyone committed to it has reason to adopt, policies attending to nearby perils, which do not support Singer's radical global demands.Less
This chapter confronts Peter Singer's enormously influential argument for giving up all luxuries and frills to aid the global poor, an argument based on the appealing principle that one ought to be willing to prevent something very bad from happening whenever one can do so without sacrificing anything morally significant. In opposition to this principle of beneficence, the chapter defends a moderate principle that only requires underlying concern for neediness as such that is sufficiently great that more would impose a significant risk of worsening one's life, if one lived up to one's other responsibilities. After grounding this principle on a morality of equal respect, and criticizing moralities of impartial concern, this chapter offers an alternative assessment of the cases of obligatory nearby rescue to which Singer appeals. These rescues are mandates of policies for implementing the moderate principle that everyone committed to it has reason to adopt, policies attending to nearby perils, which do not support Singer's radical global demands.
Jacob Höglund
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199214211
- eISBN:
- 9780191706660
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214211.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter outlines the theory of inbreeding including a brief account on the theory of population subdivision and gene flow. This is of relevance to conservation issues because habitat loss and ...
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This chapter outlines the theory of inbreeding including a brief account on the theory of population subdivision and gene flow. This is of relevance to conservation issues because habitat loss and fragmentation induces elevated levels of population structure in endangered species through reduced migration between remaining habitat fragments. Population structure is a major cause of inbreeding. The relationship between genetic diversity and fitness is discussed, covering the issues of inbreeding depression and heterosis.Less
This chapter outlines the theory of inbreeding including a brief account on the theory of population subdivision and gene flow. This is of relevance to conservation issues because habitat loss and fragmentation induces elevated levels of population structure in endangered species through reduced migration between remaining habitat fragments. Population structure is a major cause of inbreeding. The relationship between genetic diversity and fitness is discussed, covering the issues of inbreeding depression and heterosis.
Richard Frankham, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, Mark Eldridge, Michele R. Dudash, Charles B. Fenster, Robert C. Lacy, and Paul Sunnucks
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198783398
- eISBN:
- 9780191826313
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198783398.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of animal and plant populations decrease and fragmentation ...
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The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of animal and plant populations decrease and fragmentation increases, loss of genetic diversity reduces their ability to adapt to changes in the environment, with inbreeding and reduced fitness inevitable consequences for many species. Many small isolated populations are going extinct unnecessarily. In many cases, such populations can be genetically rescued by gene flow into them from another population within the species, but this is very rarely done. This novel and authoritative book addresses the issues involved in genetic management of fragmented animal and plant populations, including inbreeding depression, loss of genetic diversity and elevated extinction risk in small isolated populations, augmentation of gene flow, genetic rescue, causes of outbreeding depression and predicting its occurrence, desirability and implementation of genetic translocations to cope with climate change, and defining and diagnosing species for conservation purposes.Less
The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of animal and plant populations decrease and fragmentation increases, loss of genetic diversity reduces their ability to adapt to changes in the environment, with inbreeding and reduced fitness inevitable consequences for many species. Many small isolated populations are going extinct unnecessarily. In many cases, such populations can be genetically rescued by gene flow into them from another population within the species, but this is very rarely done. This novel and authoritative book addresses the issues involved in genetic management of fragmented animal and plant populations, including inbreeding depression, loss of genetic diversity and elevated extinction risk in small isolated populations, augmentation of gene flow, genetic rescue, causes of outbreeding depression and predicting its occurrence, desirability and implementation of genetic translocations to cope with climate change, and defining and diagnosing species for conservation purposes.
Julia Black
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199593170
- eISBN:
- 9780191595660
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199593170.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
During the period June 2007 to October 2008, assets in financial institutions in the US lost $1,580bn in value, in the UK £122bn, and across the EU €784.6bn. The credit markets literally closed, ...
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During the period June 2007 to October 2008, assets in financial institutions in the US lost $1,580bn in value, in the UK £122bn, and across the EU €784.6bn. The credit markets literally closed, banks were collapsing like cards, and international capital flows went into reverse as overseas investors repatriated their money as quickly as possible. After briefly outlining the pre-existing structure of UK financial regulation, this chapter focuses on the UK's response to the crisis as it unfolded and on some of the innovations, formalizations, realignments in the regulatory landscape prompted by the crisis. It draws attention to the importance of understanding the dynamics of the interrelationships between bodies operating within ‘extended executive’. It assesses the scrutinizing and validating role played by Parliament. Finally, it examines some of the implications of the tensions between globalizing financial markets, international regulatory harmonization, and national bank rescues.Less
During the period June 2007 to October 2008, assets in financial institutions in the US lost $1,580bn in value, in the UK £122bn, and across the EU €784.6bn. The credit markets literally closed, banks were collapsing like cards, and international capital flows went into reverse as overseas investors repatriated their money as quickly as possible. After briefly outlining the pre-existing structure of UK financial regulation, this chapter focuses on the UK's response to the crisis as it unfolded and on some of the innovations, formalizations, realignments in the regulatory landscape prompted by the crisis. It draws attention to the importance of understanding the dynamics of the interrelationships between bodies operating within ‘extended executive’. It assesses the scrutinizing and validating role played by Parliament. Finally, it examines some of the implications of the tensions between globalizing financial markets, international regulatory harmonization, and national bank rescues.
Richard Frankham, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, Mark Eldridge, Michele R. Dudash, Charles B. Fenster, Robert C. Lacy, and Paul Sunnucks
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- November 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198783411
- eISBN:
- 9780191826337
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198783411.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of wild animal and plant populations decreases and ...
More
The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of wild animal and plant populations decreases and fragmentation increases, inbreeding reduces fitness and loss of genetic diversity reduces their ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Many small isolated populations are going extinct unnecessarily. In many cases, such populations can be genetically rescued by gene flow from another population within the species, but this is very rarely done. This book provides a practical guide to the genetic management of fragmented animal and plant populations.Less
The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of wild animal and plant populations decreases and fragmentation increases, inbreeding reduces fitness and loss of genetic diversity reduces their ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Many small isolated populations are going extinct unnecessarily. In many cases, such populations can be genetically rescued by gene flow from another population within the species, but this is very rarely done. This book provides a practical guide to the genetic management of fragmented animal and plant populations.
CHERYL REGEHR and TED BOBER
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195165029
- eISBN:
- 9780199864089
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195165029.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
Disasters as traumatic events are individual, interpersonal, community, and political events. This chapter reviews disasters in terms of their types and characteristics, size, duration, and impact on ...
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Disasters as traumatic events are individual, interpersonal, community, and political events. This chapter reviews disasters in terms of their types and characteristics, size, duration, and impact on individuals and communities. The phases of a disaster include the pre-disaster warning or threat phase, the impact phase, the rescue stage, the disillusionment phase, and the recovery and reconstruction phase. Each phase of disaster brings unique challenges for first response professionals and in turn interventions require ongoing assessment, sensitivity, and appropriate application. Additionally, this chapter examines risk factors for adverse outcomes in relation to the psychosocial resources available to the disaster victims and emergency response professional. Effective peer support and mental health responses to first responders to disasters are far more than a collection of separate and individual interventions. Disaster mental health and peer support work requires knowledge of disasters and wide range of interventions with individuals, groups and organizations while having the tolerance if not “savvy” for the politics.Less
Disasters as traumatic events are individual, interpersonal, community, and political events. This chapter reviews disasters in terms of their types and characteristics, size, duration, and impact on individuals and communities. The phases of a disaster include the pre-disaster warning or threat phase, the impact phase, the rescue stage, the disillusionment phase, and the recovery and reconstruction phase. Each phase of disaster brings unique challenges for first response professionals and in turn interventions require ongoing assessment, sensitivity, and appropriate application. Additionally, this chapter examines risk factors for adverse outcomes in relation to the psychosocial resources available to the disaster victims and emergency response professional. Effective peer support and mental health responses to first responders to disasters are far more than a collection of separate and individual interventions. Disaster mental health and peer support work requires knowledge of disasters and wide range of interventions with individuals, groups and organizations while having the tolerance if not “savvy” for the politics.
Sharon B. Berlin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195110371
- eISBN:
- 9780199865680
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195110371.003.0009
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
This chapter starts by reviewing and elaborating the contributions of environmental circumstances to personal meanings. It then gives major attention to approaches that can be used to alter the ...
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This chapter starts by reviewing and elaborating the contributions of environmental circumstances to personal meanings. It then gives major attention to approaches that can be used to alter the nature of environmental sources of information. In particular, it focuses on methods for acquiring concrete resources, removing service barriers, and increasing clients' participation in the planning and delivery of services. Special emphasis is given to work with people who are the most vulnerable to psychosocial problems because of the complex nature of life in poverty-ridden, inner-city neighborhoods. Case examples and practical guidelines are offered to assist in the undertaking of this complicated person-environment work. For example, advice is given on how to avoid falling into common defensive patterns of stereotyping, blaming the client, focusing too narrowly on the dangers and deprivations in their clients' lives, or rushing into rescue clients from themselves and their deteriorating communities.Less
This chapter starts by reviewing and elaborating the contributions of environmental circumstances to personal meanings. It then gives major attention to approaches that can be used to alter the nature of environmental sources of information. In particular, it focuses on methods for acquiring concrete resources, removing service barriers, and increasing clients' participation in the planning and delivery of services. Special emphasis is given to work with people who are the most vulnerable to psychosocial problems because of the complex nature of life in poverty-ridden, inner-city neighborhoods. Case examples and practical guidelines are offered to assist in the undertaking of this complicated person-environment work. For example, advice is given on how to avoid falling into common defensive patterns of stereotyping, blaming the client, focusing too narrowly on the dangers and deprivations in their clients' lives, or rushing into rescue clients from themselves and their deteriorating communities.
Elizabeth Ashford
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199739073
- eISBN:
- 9780199855872
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199739073.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter takes a close look at Peter Singer's argument that we have individual obligations to help those suffering from chronic severe poverty. The chapter compares Singer's drowning child ...
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This chapter takes a close look at Peter Singer's argument that we have individual obligations to help those suffering from chronic severe poverty. The chapter compares Singer's drowning child analogy with the case of chronic severe poverty and argues that, although there are important differences in the two cases, the analogy holds, and where it differs, the case for aiding those who suffer from chronic severe poverty is more compelling than the rescue of an individual in an emergency, such as a child drowning in a pond. It is argued that, insofar as the threat to human interests caused by extreme poverty arise from a systematic injustice—and not a random emergency—duties to give aid are greater in the former than the latter.Less
This chapter takes a close look at Peter Singer's argument that we have individual obligations to help those suffering from chronic severe poverty. The chapter compares Singer's drowning child analogy with the case of chronic severe poverty and argues that, although there are important differences in the two cases, the analogy holds, and where it differs, the case for aiding those who suffer from chronic severe poverty is more compelling than the rescue of an individual in an emergency, such as a child drowning in a pond. It is argued that, insofar as the threat to human interests caused by extreme poverty arise from a systematic injustice—and not a random emergency—duties to give aid are greater in the former than the latter.
Thomas W. Dunfee
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199739073
- eISBN:
- 9780199855872
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199739073.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
Rejecting Milton Friedman's classic position, this chapter develops an account of corporate philanthropy as a legitimate corporate activity. The author evaluates arguments for and against the view ...
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Rejecting Milton Friedman's classic position, this chapter develops an account of corporate philanthropy as a legitimate corporate activity. The author evaluates arguments for and against the view that corporations are obligated to engage in philanthropy. With the main exception, and from the perspective of efficiency, the chapter proposes that corporate giving be grounded in corporate core competencies. In rare cases, corporate philanthropy is mandatory. In particular, firms that have a “unique human catastrophe rescue competency” may have a moral obligation to render aid as needed.Less
Rejecting Milton Friedman's classic position, this chapter develops an account of corporate philanthropy as a legitimate corporate activity. The author evaluates arguments for and against the view that corporations are obligated to engage in philanthropy. With the main exception, and from the perspective of efficiency, the chapter proposes that corporate giving be grounded in corporate core competencies. In rare cases, corporate philanthropy is mandatory. In particular, firms that have a “unique human catastrophe rescue competency” may have a moral obligation to render aid as needed.
Pearl M. Oliner
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300100631
- eISBN:
- 9780300130409
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300100631.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
Does religion encourage altruism on behalf of those who do not belong? Are the very religious more likely to be altruistic toward outsiders than those who are less religious? This book examines data ...
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Does religion encourage altruism on behalf of those who do not belong? Are the very religious more likely to be altruistic toward outsiders than those who are less religious? This book examines data on Christian rescuers and nonrescuers of Jews during the Holocaust to shed light on these important questions. Drawing on interviews with more than five hundred Christians—Protestant and Catholic, very religious, irreligious, and moderately religious rescuers and nonrescuers living in Nazi-occupied Europe—the book offers a sociological perspective on the values and attitudes that distinguished each group. It presents several case studies of rescuers and nonrescuers within each group and then interprets the individual's behavior as it relates to his or her group. It finds that the value patterns of the religious groups differ significantly from one another, and it is able to highlight those factors that appear to have contributed most toward rescue within each group.Less
Does religion encourage altruism on behalf of those who do not belong? Are the very religious more likely to be altruistic toward outsiders than those who are less religious? This book examines data on Christian rescuers and nonrescuers of Jews during the Holocaust to shed light on these important questions. Drawing on interviews with more than five hundred Christians—Protestant and Catholic, very religious, irreligious, and moderately religious rescuers and nonrescuers living in Nazi-occupied Europe—the book offers a sociological perspective on the values and attitudes that distinguished each group. It presents several case studies of rescuers and nonrescuers within each group and then interprets the individual's behavior as it relates to his or her group. It finds that the value patterns of the religious groups differ significantly from one another, and it is able to highlight those factors that appear to have contributed most toward rescue within each group.
O.P. Mishra
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198075950
- eISBN:
- 9780199080892
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198075950.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter talks about crime against women and juveniles, which have taken different forms with the changing socio-economic scenario in Delhi. The chapter lists the broad categories for classifying ...
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This chapter talks about crime against women and juveniles, which have taken different forms with the changing socio-economic scenario in Delhi. The chapter lists the broad categories for classifying such types of crimes. Some of the categories are discussed in the following sections. The first is on dowry deaths, where newlywed girls are either murdered or subjected to situations that would ultimately push them to commit suicide. The second is on rape, where an analysis of case studies of rape cases that were registered in Delhi is provided. The third is on kidnapping/abduction of women and girls, for the main purpose of commercial sexual exploitation. The case study on this type of crime is based on interviews of the women and girls who were rescued from brothels. A quick rundown of the rescue operations for sex trafficking is presented. A discussion of juveniles is included.Less
This chapter talks about crime against women and juveniles, which have taken different forms with the changing socio-economic scenario in Delhi. The chapter lists the broad categories for classifying such types of crimes. Some of the categories are discussed in the following sections. The first is on dowry deaths, where newlywed girls are either murdered or subjected to situations that would ultimately push them to commit suicide. The second is on rape, where an analysis of case studies of rape cases that were registered in Delhi is provided. The third is on kidnapping/abduction of women and girls, for the main purpose of commercial sexual exploitation. The case study on this type of crime is based on interviews of the women and girls who were rescued from brothels. A quick rundown of the rescue operations for sex trafficking is presented. A discussion of juveniles is included.
Davide Rodogno
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151335
- eISBN:
- 9781400840014
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151335.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter examines the motives underlying the European powers' multilateral intervention in Crete during the period 1866–1869. It first considers the context of the Cretan Christians' revolt of ...
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This chapter examines the motives underlying the European powers' multilateral intervention in Crete during the period 1866–1869. It first considers the context of the Cretan Christians' revolt of 1866 as well as the massacres that triggered the Cretan crisis, which revolved around the question of the union of the island with Greece. It then discusses the European powers' reactions to the Cretan insurrection, the intervening powers' rescue of Christian Cretans, and the diplomatic solution to the crisis. It shows that Great Britain opposed any forcible action to save strangers based on the belief that massacre and atrocities were not serious or tragic enough to undertake an armed humanitarian intervention. It argues that the British were determined not to help Christian Cretans due to concerns about the “Eastern Question.”Less
This chapter examines the motives underlying the European powers' multilateral intervention in Crete during the period 1866–1869. It first considers the context of the Cretan Christians' revolt of 1866 as well as the massacres that triggered the Cretan crisis, which revolved around the question of the union of the island with Greece. It then discusses the European powers' reactions to the Cretan insurrection, the intervening powers' rescue of Christian Cretans, and the diplomatic solution to the crisis. It shows that Great Britain opposed any forcible action to save strangers based on the belief that massacre and atrocities were not serious or tragic enough to undertake an armed humanitarian intervention. It argues that the British were determined not to help Christian Cretans due to concerns about the “Eastern Question.”
RIZWAAN JAMEEL MOKAL
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199264872
- eISBN:
- 9780191718397
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264872.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
This chapter considers the twin institutions of the floating charge and administrative receivership. It explains the distinctive role played by the floating charge by examining the empirical context ...
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This chapter considers the twin institutions of the floating charge and administrative receivership. It explains the distinctive role played by the floating charge by examining the empirical context in which it operates and by comparing the recoveries made by different classes of creditor in corporate liquidation. The analysis suggests that whereas the fixed charge in included in debentures so as to provide its holder with priority, the floating charge is a residual management displacement device. Its dominant role is to ensure the integrity of the debtor's estate when the latter becomes distressed and its management is displaced in favour of a specialist distress-oriented manager. This is where administrative receivership (‘receivership’) comes in. Traditionally, the replacement of the distressed company's management has been brought about by the appointment of a receiver (formerly, a receiver and manager). However, the chapter harnesses theory and evidence in favour of the argument that receivership is significantly destructive of social value, and that it is unfair and oppressive. Its virtual abolition by the Enterprise Act 2002 is therefore welcomed. However, the substitution of receivership with administration also, it is argued, signals the end of the usefulness of the floating charge. The chapter concludes by sketching out a case for the abolition of this type of charge.Less
This chapter considers the twin institutions of the floating charge and administrative receivership. It explains the distinctive role played by the floating charge by examining the empirical context in which it operates and by comparing the recoveries made by different classes of creditor in corporate liquidation. The analysis suggests that whereas the fixed charge in included in debentures so as to provide its holder with priority, the floating charge is a residual management displacement device. Its dominant role is to ensure the integrity of the debtor's estate when the latter becomes distressed and its management is displaced in favour of a specialist distress-oriented manager. This is where administrative receivership (‘receivership’) comes in. Traditionally, the replacement of the distressed company's management has been brought about by the appointment of a receiver (formerly, a receiver and manager). However, the chapter harnesses theory and evidence in favour of the argument that receivership is significantly destructive of social value, and that it is unfair and oppressive. Its virtual abolition by the Enterprise Act 2002 is therefore welcomed. However, the substitution of receivership with administration also, it is argued, signals the end of the usefulness of the floating charge. The chapter concludes by sketching out a case for the abolition of this type of charge.
RIZWAAN JAMEEL MOKAL
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199264872
- eISBN:
- 9780191718397
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264872.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
Building on the understanding gained by the discussion in Chapter 6 of the socially harmful features of administrative receivership, this chapter discusses the administration procedure introduced by ...
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Building on the understanding gained by the discussion in Chapter 6 of the socially harmful features of administrative receivership, this chapter discusses the administration procedure introduced by the Enterprise Act 2002. It explains how this procedure retains the only defensible feature of receivership, in that a selected creditor continues to be entrusted with the right unilaterally to displace the underperforming management of a distressed company. The chapter analyses the statutory hierarchy of objectives made available to the administrator and explains the standard to which he is expected to be held in choosing between them. Light is also thrown on the sort of factors that might justifiably be taken into account in making this choice. The relationship between the administrator's duties and the voting rights of creditors is examined. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the sort of factors that might precipitate challenges by aggrieved creditors and members to the administrator's decisions and actions.Less
Building on the understanding gained by the discussion in Chapter 6 of the socially harmful features of administrative receivership, this chapter discusses the administration procedure introduced by the Enterprise Act 2002. It explains how this procedure retains the only defensible feature of receivership, in that a selected creditor continues to be entrusted with the right unilaterally to displace the underperforming management of a distressed company. The chapter analyses the statutory hierarchy of objectives made available to the administrator and explains the standard to which he is expected to be held in choosing between them. Light is also thrown on the sort of factors that might justifiably be taken into account in making this choice. The relationship between the administrator's duties and the voting rights of creditors is examined. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the sort of factors that might precipitate challenges by aggrieved creditors and members to the administrator's decisions and actions.
