Philip G. Cerny
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199733699
- eISBN:
- 9780199776740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199733699.003.0014
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter focuses on two contemporary theorists of rescaling, Bob Jessop and Neil Brenner. Jessop places this reconceptualization of space within a broad analysis of the changing “capitalist type ...
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This chapter focuses on two contemporary theorists of rescaling, Bob Jessop and Neil Brenner. Jessop places this reconceptualization of space within a broad analysis of the changing “capitalist type of state”; Brenner develops a more circumscribed study of urban governance but places it clearly in the larger context of capitalism and globalization. These authors' depictions of the shape of structural change are examined and it is argued that despite the rigor of these analyses and the many insights they provide, the authors are nevertheless hampered by the elements of classical Marxist analysis they retain, especially their focus on “accumulation strategies” and Marxist theories of value.Less
This chapter focuses on two contemporary theorists of rescaling, Bob Jessop and Neil Brenner. Jessop places this reconceptualization of space within a broad analysis of the changing “capitalist type of state”; Brenner develops a more circumscribed study of urban governance but places it clearly in the larger context of capitalism and globalization. These authors' depictions of the shape of structural change are examined and it is argued that despite the rigor of these analyses and the many insights they provide, the authors are nevertheless hampered by the elements of classical Marxist analysis they retain, especially their focus on “accumulation strategies” and Marxist theories of value.
Neil Brenner
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199270057
- eISBN:
- 9780191699450
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270057.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter elaborates the theoretical foundations for the analysis of state rescaling and urban governance restructuring that will be developed in subsequent chapters. It introduces some initial ...
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This chapter elaborates the theoretical foundations for the analysis of state rescaling and urban governance restructuring that will be developed in subsequent chapters. It introduces some initial methodological premises and categories through which the geographies of state space under modern capitalism may be analyzed. On this basis, it demonstrates how the issues of spatiality, territoriality, and geographical scale may be integrated, at a foundational level, into the conceptualization of modern statehood. Building upon the strategic-relational approach to state theory developed by Jessop (1990a), it argues that state space is best conceptualized as an arena, medium, and outcome of spatially selective political strategies. The chapter then extends this conceptualization by outlining some of the broad institutional and geographical parameters within which state space has evolved during the course of capitalist development. This line of analysis generates a multidimensional conceptual framework through which to investigate contextually specific pathways of state spatial restructuring. It also enables the introduction of a stylized model of state spatial restructuring in western Europe since the early 1960s, that serves to demarcate the theoretical and empirical terrain on which the remainder of this book is situated.Less
This chapter elaborates the theoretical foundations for the analysis of state rescaling and urban governance restructuring that will be developed in subsequent chapters. It introduces some initial methodological premises and categories through which the geographies of state space under modern capitalism may be analyzed. On this basis, it demonstrates how the issues of spatiality, territoriality, and geographical scale may be integrated, at a foundational level, into the conceptualization of modern statehood. Building upon the strategic-relational approach to state theory developed by Jessop (1990a), it argues that state space is best conceptualized as an arena, medium, and outcome of spatially selective political strategies. The chapter then extends this conceptualization by outlining some of the broad institutional and geographical parameters within which state space has evolved during the course of capitalist development. This line of analysis generates a multidimensional conceptual framework through which to investigate contextually specific pathways of state spatial restructuring. It also enables the introduction of a stylized model of state spatial restructuring in western Europe since the early 1960s, that serves to demarcate the theoretical and empirical terrain on which the remainder of this book is situated.
Neil Brenner
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199270057
- eISBN:
- 9780191699450
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270057.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter analyzes the political-economic geographies of spatial Keynesianism, the framework of national and local state territorial regulation that prevailed across much of western Europe during ...
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This chapter analyzes the political-economic geographies of spatial Keynesianism, the framework of national and local state territorial regulation that prevailed across much of western Europe during the ‘golden age’ of Fordist–Keynesian capitalism, roughly from the late 1950s until the late 1970s. It argues that spatial Keynesianism was composed of a variety of spatially selective political strategies through which western European national states attempted to manage the distinctive patterns of urbanization and uneven spatial development that crystallized across western Europe during the Fordist–Keynesian period. It analyzes the destabilization of spatial Keynesianism during the course of the 1970s, a development that opened up a political and institutional space for the subsequent proliferation of state rescaling strategies across western Europe.Less
This chapter analyzes the political-economic geographies of spatial Keynesianism, the framework of national and local state territorial regulation that prevailed across much of western Europe during the ‘golden age’ of Fordist–Keynesian capitalism, roughly from the late 1950s until the late 1970s. It argues that spatial Keynesianism was composed of a variety of spatially selective political strategies through which western European national states attempted to manage the distinctive patterns of urbanization and uneven spatial development that crystallized across western Europe during the Fordist–Keynesian period. It analyzes the destabilization of spatial Keynesianism during the course of the 1970s, a development that opened up a political and institutional space for the subsequent proliferation of state rescaling strategies across western Europe.
Neil Brenner
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199270057
- eISBN:
- 9780191699450
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270057.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter investigates the rescaled, growth-oriented, and competitiveness-driven forms of state spatial policy and urban governance that began to crystallize as of the late 1970s, in conjunction ...
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This chapter investigates the rescaled, growth-oriented, and competitiveness-driven forms of state spatial policy and urban governance that began to crystallize as of the late 1970s, in conjunction with widespread concerns about urban industrial decline, intensified interspatial competition, welfare state retrenchment, European integration, and economic globalization. It argues that during the 1980s and 1990s, these new urban locational policies served as key catalysts and expressions of broader processes of state rescaling; they also contributed to an enhanced geographical differentiation of state regulatory arrangements and to an intensification of uneven spatial development across western Europe.Less
This chapter investigates the rescaled, growth-oriented, and competitiveness-driven forms of state spatial policy and urban governance that began to crystallize as of the late 1970s, in conjunction with widespread concerns about urban industrial decline, intensified interspatial competition, welfare state retrenchment, European integration, and economic globalization. It argues that during the 1980s and 1990s, these new urban locational policies served as key catalysts and expressions of broader processes of state rescaling; they also contributed to an enhanced geographical differentiation of state regulatory arrangements and to an intensification of uneven spatial development across western Europe.
Neil Brenner
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199270057
- eISBN:
- 9780191699450
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270057.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter develops a general interpretation of the deeply unstable, crisis-prone formation of state spatiality that has been consolidated through the institutionalization of urban locational ...
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This chapter develops a general interpretation of the deeply unstable, crisis-prone formation of state spatiality that has been consolidated through the institutionalization of urban locational policies in post-1980s western Europe. It refers to this new configuration of statehood as a Rescaled Competition State Regime (RCSR), and argues that it contains a number of chronic regulatory deficits and crisis-tendencies. It then considers three alternative forms of state rescaling that have emerged, during the 1990s and early 2000s, in response to these problems — neighborhood-based anti-exclusion initiatives; metropolitan reform initiatives; and interurban networking initiatives. While these rescaled strategies of crisis-management have contributed to the further institutional and scalar differentiation of RCSRs, they have deepened rather than alleviated the political-economic dislocations, regulatory failures, and territorial inequalities that were generated through previous rounds of urban locational policy. In the absence of a broader challenge to global and European neoliberalism, the establishment of an alternative, territorially redistributive framework of state spatial regulation at any geographical scale is likely to be an extremely difficult task.Less
This chapter develops a general interpretation of the deeply unstable, crisis-prone formation of state spatiality that has been consolidated through the institutionalization of urban locational policies in post-1980s western Europe. It refers to this new configuration of statehood as a Rescaled Competition State Regime (RCSR), and argues that it contains a number of chronic regulatory deficits and crisis-tendencies. It then considers three alternative forms of state rescaling that have emerged, during the 1990s and early 2000s, in response to these problems — neighborhood-based anti-exclusion initiatives; metropolitan reform initiatives; and interurban networking initiatives. While these rescaled strategies of crisis-management have contributed to the further institutional and scalar differentiation of RCSRs, they have deepened rather than alleviated the political-economic dislocations, regulatory failures, and territorial inequalities that were generated through previous rounds of urban locational policy. In the absence of a broader challenge to global and European neoliberalism, the establishment of an alternative, territorially redistributive framework of state spatial regulation at any geographical scale is likely to be an extremely difficult task.
Mark Goodwin, Martin Jones, and Jones f
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719076374
- eISBN:
- 9781781706060
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719076374.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Rescaling the State provides a theoretically-informed and empirically-rich account of the processes of devolution undertaken in the UK since 1997, focusing in particular on the devolution of economic ...
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Rescaling the State provides a theoretically-informed and empirically-rich account of the processes of devolution undertaken in the UK since 1997, focusing in particular on the devolution of economic governance. Using case studies from England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales, the book examines the purported reasons for, and unintended consequences of, the UK's asymmetrical devolution settlement. As well as comparing policy and practice across the four devolved territories, the book also explores instances of good practice associated with devolution. The book advances our knowledge and understanding of devolution on both a theoretical and empirical front, and develops the novel concept of ‘filling in’ to advance our understandings of the particularities of the devolution settlement in each of the four territories, as new configurations of state-society relationships have emerged.Less
Rescaling the State provides a theoretically-informed and empirically-rich account of the processes of devolution undertaken in the UK since 1997, focusing in particular on the devolution of economic governance. Using case studies from England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales, the book examines the purported reasons for, and unintended consequences of, the UK's asymmetrical devolution settlement. As well as comparing policy and practice across the four devolved territories, the book also explores instances of good practice associated with devolution. The book advances our knowledge and understanding of devolution on both a theoretical and empirical front, and develops the novel concept of ‘filling in’ to advance our understandings of the particularities of the devolution settlement in each of the four territories, as new configurations of state-society relationships have emerged.
Neil Brenner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190627188
- eISBN:
- 9780190627201
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190627188.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Theory, Urban and Rural Studies
The urban condition is today being radically transformed. Urban restructuring is accelerating, new urban spaces are being consolidated, and new forms of urbanization are crystallizing. How can these ...
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The urban condition is today being radically transformed. Urban restructuring is accelerating, new urban spaces are being consolidated, and new forms of urbanization are crystallizing. How can these transformations be deciphered? In this book, critical urban theorist Neil Brenner argues that confronting this challenge requires not only intensive research on urban restructuring but new theories of urbanization. To this end, Brenner proposes an approach that breaks with inherited conceptions of the urban as a bounded settlement unit—the city or the metropolis—and explores the multiscalar constitution, political mediation, and ongoing rescaling of the capitalist urban fabric, from the local and the regional to the national and the planetary. New Urban Spaces offers a paradigmatic account of how rescaling processes are transforming inherited formations of urban life, the role of multiscalar state spatial strategies in animating them, and their variegated consequences for emergent patterns and pathways of urbanization. The book also advances an understanding of critical urban theory as radically revisable: key urban concepts, methods, and cartographies must be continually reinvented in relation to the relentlessly mutating worlds of urbanization they aspire to illuminate.Less
The urban condition is today being radically transformed. Urban restructuring is accelerating, new urban spaces are being consolidated, and new forms of urbanization are crystallizing. How can these transformations be deciphered? In this book, critical urban theorist Neil Brenner argues that confronting this challenge requires not only intensive research on urban restructuring but new theories of urbanization. To this end, Brenner proposes an approach that breaks with inherited conceptions of the urban as a bounded settlement unit—the city or the metropolis—and explores the multiscalar constitution, political mediation, and ongoing rescaling of the capitalist urban fabric, from the local and the regional to the national and the planetary. New Urban Spaces offers a paradigmatic account of how rescaling processes are transforming inherited formations of urban life, the role of multiscalar state spatial strategies in animating them, and their variegated consequences for emergent patterns and pathways of urbanization. The book also advances an understanding of critical urban theory as radically revisable: key urban concepts, methods, and cartographies must be continually reinvented in relation to the relentlessly mutating worlds of urbanization they aspire to illuminate.
Michael Keating
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199691562
- eISBN:
- 9780191756177
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199691562.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Europe is rescaling as functional systems in the economy and society are migrating to new territorial levels. The region has emerged as a key level for public policy, political competition, interest ...
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Europe is rescaling as functional systems in the economy and society are migrating to new territorial levels. The region has emerged as a key level for public policy, political competition, interest intermediation, and recognition of diversity. There is a discussion of theories of territory and regionalism; a historical interpretation of the territorial state; an analysis of spatial rescaling in economic and social matters; a discussion of the regionalization of politics. Then there is an analysis of regions as institutionalized spaces and government; of the regionalization of the representation of social and economic interests; and of policy variation among regions. There is also a discussion of the normative implications of rescaling for social solidarity and for the management of self-government claims. Regions are loosely-bounded and contested spaces and will not replace the nation-state, but they do transform it. There is an increasing emphasis on competition among regions to attract investment but, rather than generating a race to the bottom in taxes and services, rescaling has produced a variety of experiences. The economic crisis since 2008 has increased pressure on regions and cities and made the management of territory by states more difficult.Less
Europe is rescaling as functional systems in the economy and society are migrating to new territorial levels. The region has emerged as a key level for public policy, political competition, interest intermediation, and recognition of diversity. There is a discussion of theories of territory and regionalism; a historical interpretation of the territorial state; an analysis of spatial rescaling in economic and social matters; a discussion of the regionalization of politics. Then there is an analysis of regions as institutionalized spaces and government; of the regionalization of the representation of social and economic interests; and of policy variation among regions. There is also a discussion of the normative implications of rescaling for social solidarity and for the management of self-government claims. Regions are loosely-bounded and contested spaces and will not replace the nation-state, but they do transform it. There is an increasing emphasis on competition among regions to attract investment but, rather than generating a race to the bottom in taxes and services, rescaling has produced a variety of experiences. The economic crisis since 2008 has increased pressure on regions and cities and made the management of territory by states more difficult.
Andrea Volkens, Judith Bara, Ian Budge, Michael D. McDonald, Robin Best, and Simon Franzmann
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199640041
- eISBN:
- 9780191757181
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199640041.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Chapter 2 reinforces assessments of the Manifesto-based estimates’ validity by examining the leading alternative indicators of Left-Right party positioning (and of voter-elector positions as well) ...
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Chapter 2 reinforces assessments of the Manifesto-based estimates’ validity by examining the leading alternative indicators of Left-Right party positioning (and of voter-elector positions as well) for centrist bias. First it shows that it exists in all ‘reputational’ survey-based measures owing to the tendency of electors and experts to place their own national centre party at the mid-point of any quantitative scale they are presented with. They then position other national parties around this. Doing so adds little information to the traditional Party Family classification and omits crucial cross-nation variation between countries and individual parties which the CMP-MARPOR estimates pick up. This can then be extracted and used to re-centre and rescale the survey-based measures, including CSES electoral and expert placements. Indeed this is essential for any comparative research based on them which want to avoid systematic unreliability.Less
Chapter 2 reinforces assessments of the Manifesto-based estimates’ validity by examining the leading alternative indicators of Left-Right party positioning (and of voter-elector positions as well) for centrist bias. First it shows that it exists in all ‘reputational’ survey-based measures owing to the tendency of electors and experts to place their own national centre party at the mid-point of any quantitative scale they are presented with. They then position other national parties around this. Doing so adds little information to the traditional Party Family classification and omits crucial cross-nation variation between countries and individual parties which the CMP-MARPOR estimates pick up. This can then be extracted and used to re-centre and rescale the survey-based measures, including CSES electoral and expert placements. Indeed this is essential for any comparative research based on them which want to avoid systematic unreliability.
Michael Keating
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199691562
- eISBN:
- 9780191756177
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199691562.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The modern social sciences have often sought to eliminate territory in the name of universalism. In practice, this has meant reifying the nation-state as the only relevant territorial unit. In ...
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The modern social sciences have often sought to eliminate territory in the name of universalism. In practice, this has meant reifying the nation-state as the only relevant territorial unit. In geography, there has often been a tendency to territorial determinism. Modern understandings of territory avoid both. Territory is seen not just as geographical space but as a sociological concept. Territories are constructed for various purposes and often contested. There is an argument between relational and ‘territorial’ approaches, the former emphasizing the openness of territories and the latter stressing their boundaries and the way in which they enclose systems. Both perspectives are useful, depending on the question being asked. Rescaling refers to the way in which systems are migrating to new territorial levels.Less
The modern social sciences have often sought to eliminate territory in the name of universalism. In practice, this has meant reifying the nation-state as the only relevant territorial unit. In geography, there has often been a tendency to territorial determinism. Modern understandings of territory avoid both. Territory is seen not just as geographical space but as a sociological concept. Territories are constructed for various purposes and often contested. There is an argument between relational and ‘territorial’ approaches, the former emphasizing the openness of territories and the latter stressing their boundaries and the way in which they enclose systems. Both perspectives are useful, depending on the question being asked. Rescaling refers to the way in which systems are migrating to new territorial levels.
Jonathan Pillow
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262042383
- eISBN:
- 9780262294188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262042383.003.0003
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
This chapter discusses likelihood-based approaches to building mathematical models of the neural code. It introduces probabilistic neural models such as the linear-non-linear-Poisson (LNP) model ...
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This chapter discusses likelihood-based approaches to building mathematical models of the neural code. It introduces probabilistic neural models such as the linear-non-linear-Poisson (LNP) model (models of neural response), the generalized linear model (GLM), and the generalized integrate-and-fire (GIF) model. The chapter also examines the methods of evaluating the validity of probabilistic models, which includes cross-validation, time rescaling, and model-based decoding.Less
This chapter discusses likelihood-based approaches to building mathematical models of the neural code. It introduces probabilistic neural models such as the linear-non-linear-Poisson (LNP) model (models of neural response), the generalized linear model (GLM), and the generalized integrate-and-fire (GIF) model. The chapter also examines the methods of evaluating the validity of probabilistic models, which includes cross-validation, time rescaling, and model-based decoding.
Charles Kirschbaum
Chris Ansell and Jacob Torfing (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447340553
- eISBN:
- 9781447340591
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447340553.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Rescaling might be a response to network failure. In order to describe a network’s modes of governance, this chapter borrows the idea of ‘disciplines of control’. This framework is applied to the ...
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Rescaling might be a response to network failure. In order to describe a network’s modes of governance, this chapter borrows the idea of ‘disciplines of control’. This framework is applied to the Brazil Grows Together (BCJ) case, a policy aimed at pregnant women and early childhood care in a state in Brazil. Constituency pressures at state level lead to rescaling, and higher selectiveness, lead network managers to steer vertical communication and promote broader inclusion of stakeholders. The chapter concludes by suggesting general mechanisms that govern rescaling within the network governance framework.Less
Rescaling might be a response to network failure. In order to describe a network’s modes of governance, this chapter borrows the idea of ‘disciplines of control’. This framework is applied to the Brazil Grows Together (BCJ) case, a policy aimed at pregnant women and early childhood care in a state in Brazil. Constituency pressures at state level lead to rescaling, and higher selectiveness, lead network managers to steer vertical communication and promote broader inclusion of stakeholders. The chapter concludes by suggesting general mechanisms that govern rescaling within the network governance framework.
Nicola McEwen
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474416429
- eISBN:
- 9781474435185
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474416429.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Following the Scotland Act (2016), the Scottish Parliament now has significant autonomy over aspects of social security. This chapter examines the scope of the new social security powers and some ...
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Following the Scotland Act (2016), the Scottish Parliament now has significant autonomy over aspects of social security. This chapter examines the scope of the new social security powers and some early decisions on their implementation. It suggests that the focus of the new powers, their interdependence with the UK welfare system, and demographic and financial challenges will constrain radical change.Less
Following the Scotland Act (2016), the Scottish Parliament now has significant autonomy over aspects of social security. This chapter examines the scope of the new social security powers and some early decisions on their implementation. It suggests that the focus of the new powers, their interdependence with the UK welfare system, and demographic and financial challenges will constrain radical change.
Mark Goodwin, Martin Jones, and Rhys Jones
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719076374
- eISBN:
- 9781781706060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719076374.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter builds on chapter 3 by focussing on the ways in which the new institutions of economic governance represent a rescaling, as well as a restructuring, of the state. It shows how we have ...
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This chapter builds on chapter 3 by focussing on the ways in which the new institutions of economic governance represent a rescaling, as well as a restructuring, of the state. It shows how we have witnessed a complex rescaling of economic governance, both vertically between different scales, and horizontally between institutions operating over the same territorial jurisdiction. It will show how the UK's asymmetrical devolution settlement has meant that these new scales and territories of governance are uneven across the four devolved territories.Less
This chapter builds on chapter 3 by focussing on the ways in which the new institutions of economic governance represent a rescaling, as well as a restructuring, of the state. It shows how we have witnessed a complex rescaling of economic governance, both vertically between different scales, and horizontally between institutions operating over the same territorial jurisdiction. It will show how the UK's asymmetrical devolution settlement has meant that these new scales and territories of governance are uneven across the four devolved territories.
Maya Eichler
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199364374
- eISBN:
- 9780199364404
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199364374.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Political Economy
Feminist scholars have long argued that who protects, who is defined as needing protection, and what relations of power are created between protector and protected are fundamentally gendered. This ...
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Feminist scholars have long argued that who protects, who is defined as needing protection, and what relations of power are created between protector and protected are fundamentally gendered. This chapter interrogates the gendered politics of protection in view of the increasing reliance of states on private military and security companies to wage war abroad. PMSCs have an active interest in extending the politics of protection to a global scale in order to extend the market for security. This rescaling of the politics of protection relies on and reinforces gendered as well as racial hierarchies between protector and protected and exploits the instabilities caused by global inequality and uneven development. These developments require a feminist rethinking of the politics of protection beyond the public sphere and the nation-state.Less
Feminist scholars have long argued that who protects, who is defined as needing protection, and what relations of power are created between protector and protected are fundamentally gendered. This chapter interrogates the gendered politics of protection in view of the increasing reliance of states on private military and security companies to wage war abroad. PMSCs have an active interest in extending the politics of protection to a global scale in order to extend the market for security. This rescaling of the politics of protection relies on and reinforces gendered as well as racial hierarchies between protector and protected and exploits the instabilities caused by global inequality and uneven development. These developments require a feminist rethinking of the politics of protection beyond the public sphere and the nation-state.
Neil Brenner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190627188
- eISBN:
- 9780190627201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190627188.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Theory, Urban and Rural Studies
For over a century, the urban question has generated intense debate on matters of conceptualization, method, and interpretation. Since the 1990s, in the context of debates on post-Fordism, ...
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For over a century, the urban question has generated intense debate on matters of conceptualization, method, and interpretation. Since the 1990s, in the context of debates on post-Fordism, globalization, and urban restructuring, the urban question has been redefined as a question of scale. Why has this scalar redefinition of the urban occurred, and what does this mean for urban theory and research? What are its analytical possibilities and dangers? In what ways does such an approach reframe the long-standing emphasis on the “city” as the core focal point for urban studies? This opening chapter elaborates these questions in intellectual and geopolitical context, thus setting the stage for the explorations of urbanization, state spatial restructuring, and rescaling processes that follow in the rest of the book. This chapter also situates the book’s argument in relation to contemporary debates on abstraction, generalization, comparison, and contextual particularity in critical urban theory.Less
For over a century, the urban question has generated intense debate on matters of conceptualization, method, and interpretation. Since the 1990s, in the context of debates on post-Fordism, globalization, and urban restructuring, the urban question has been redefined as a question of scale. Why has this scalar redefinition of the urban occurred, and what does this mean for urban theory and research? What are its analytical possibilities and dangers? In what ways does such an approach reframe the long-standing emphasis on the “city” as the core focal point for urban studies? This opening chapter elaborates these questions in intellectual and geopolitical context, thus setting the stage for the explorations of urbanization, state spatial restructuring, and rescaling processes that follow in the rest of the book. This chapter also situates the book’s argument in relation to contemporary debates on abstraction, generalization, comparison, and contextual particularity in critical urban theory.
Neil Brenner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190627188
- eISBN:
- 9780190627201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190627188.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Theory, Urban and Rural Studies
In what sense are scales socially produced and politically contested? Beginning in the 1970s, radical geographers offered a series of innovative approaches to this question, connecting it ...
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In what sense are scales socially produced and politically contested? Beginning in the 1970s, radical geographers offered a series of innovative approaches to this question, connecting it systematically to theories of capital accumulation, uneven spatial development, state space, and contentious politics. Against that background, this chapter excavates the distinctive scalar analytics that are embedded within several key ideas of David Harvey and Henri Lefebvre, with particular reference to the fixity/motion contradiction under capitalism, the concept of the urban fabric, the scalar intermeshing of urban space and state space, and the process of rescaling. This analysis generates a scale-attuned theorization of the capitalist urban fabric, a critique of city-centric conceptions of the urban question, and a state-theoretical understanding of the process Lefebvre famously described as the “planetarization of the urban.” This theorization grounds the explorations of urban restructuring and rescaling that are elaborated in subsequent chapters.Less
In what sense are scales socially produced and politically contested? Beginning in the 1970s, radical geographers offered a series of innovative approaches to this question, connecting it systematically to theories of capital accumulation, uneven spatial development, state space, and contentious politics. Against that background, this chapter excavates the distinctive scalar analytics that are embedded within several key ideas of David Harvey and Henri Lefebvre, with particular reference to the fixity/motion contradiction under capitalism, the concept of the urban fabric, the scalar intermeshing of urban space and state space, and the process of rescaling. This analysis generates a scale-attuned theorization of the capitalist urban fabric, a critique of city-centric conceptions of the urban question, and a state-theoretical understanding of the process Lefebvre famously described as the “planetarization of the urban.” This theorization grounds the explorations of urban restructuring and rescaling that are elaborated in subsequent chapters.
Neil Brenner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190627188
- eISBN:
- 9780190627201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190627188.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Theory, Urban and Rural Studies
Since the 1990s, the scalar dimensions of global urban restructuring have been reflexively explored within several major streams of critical urban studies. Against the background of earlier rounds of ...
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Since the 1990s, the scalar dimensions of global urban restructuring have been reflexively explored within several major streams of critical urban studies. Against the background of earlier rounds of debate on the shifting spatialities of the urban question, this chapter offers a critical evaluation of these recent scalar turns. What is the theoretical specificity of a scalar approach to urban restructuring? A relatively narrow, but analytically precise, definitional proposal is put forward through a series of theoretical, epistemological, and methodological propositions. This approach aims to destabilize methodologically localist, city-centric understandings of the urban while also distinguishing processes of scalar structuration from other key dimensions of sociospatial relations related to place-making, territorialization, and networking. This relatively abstract definitional foray is the first of several efforts in this book to demarcate the proper conceptual parameters—and limits—of scale in relation to specific terrains of urban studies.Less
Since the 1990s, the scalar dimensions of global urban restructuring have been reflexively explored within several major streams of critical urban studies. Against the background of earlier rounds of debate on the shifting spatialities of the urban question, this chapter offers a critical evaluation of these recent scalar turns. What is the theoretical specificity of a scalar approach to urban restructuring? A relatively narrow, but analytically precise, definitional proposal is put forward through a series of theoretical, epistemological, and methodological propositions. This approach aims to destabilize methodologically localist, city-centric understandings of the urban while also distinguishing processes of scalar structuration from other key dimensions of sociospatial relations related to place-making, territorialization, and networking. This relatively abstract definitional foray is the first of several efforts in this book to demarcate the proper conceptual parameters—and limits—of scale in relation to specific terrains of urban studies.
Neil Brenner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190627188
- eISBN:
- 9780190627201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190627188.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Theory, Urban and Rural Studies
Since the 1990s, the intellectual landscape of urban studies has been transformed through debates on global cities, which are widely viewed as basing points for an increasingly globalized ...
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Since the 1990s, the intellectual landscape of urban studies has been transformed through debates on global cities, which are widely viewed as basing points for an increasingly globalized configuration of capitalism. This chapter develops a scale-attuned, state-theoretical reinterpretation of global city formation as a major expression of recent rescalings of capitalist urbanization. Such rescalings have been powerfully mediated through national state institutions, which, in so doing, have themselves been undergoing major spatial and scalar transformations. New urban spaces are thus produced through the rescaling of state space—and vice versa. In addition to exploring the role of multiscalar state spatial strategies in the process of global city formation, this chapter also aims to destabilize the entrenched assumption that cities represent the default unit of analysis for urban studies. The scalar units of urbanization are themselves produced and rewoven through the creatively destructive forward motion of capital and the intricate mediations of the latter through state spatial strategies and sociopolitical mobilization.Less
Since the 1990s, the intellectual landscape of urban studies has been transformed through debates on global cities, which are widely viewed as basing points for an increasingly globalized configuration of capitalism. This chapter develops a scale-attuned, state-theoretical reinterpretation of global city formation as a major expression of recent rescalings of capitalist urbanization. Such rescalings have been powerfully mediated through national state institutions, which, in so doing, have themselves been undergoing major spatial and scalar transformations. New urban spaces are thus produced through the rescaling of state space—and vice versa. In addition to exploring the role of multiscalar state spatial strategies in the process of global city formation, this chapter also aims to destabilize the entrenched assumption that cities represent the default unit of analysis for urban studies. The scalar units of urbanization are themselves produced and rewoven through the creatively destructive forward motion of capital and the intricate mediations of the latter through state spatial strategies and sociopolitical mobilization.
Neil Brenner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190627188
- eISBN:
- 9780190627201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190627188.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Theory, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter develops a scalar reinterpretation of contemporary political strategies to promote urban regeneration through the clustering of so-called new economy industries specialized in the ...
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This chapter develops a scalar reinterpretation of contemporary political strategies to promote urban regeneration through the clustering of so-called new economy industries specialized in the production and deployment of advanced informational and communications technologies. In contrast to much of the hyperbole that has surrounded the new economy concept, this analysis of European trends suggests that urban growth strategies oriented toward such firms and sectors have generally involved rescaled, broadly market-disciplinary approaches to the regulation of uneven spatial development that seriously exacerbate, rather than resolve, the crisis tendencies and contradictions of post-Keynesian capitalism. However, despite their destabilizing macroeconomic consequences and the often vague, ideologically slippery spatial visions attached to projects to promote a new economy, such neoliberalizing regulatory rescalings continue to play a key role in the production of new urban spaces and new forms of urbanization.Less
This chapter develops a scalar reinterpretation of contemporary political strategies to promote urban regeneration through the clustering of so-called new economy industries specialized in the production and deployment of advanced informational and communications technologies. In contrast to much of the hyperbole that has surrounded the new economy concept, this analysis of European trends suggests that urban growth strategies oriented toward such firms and sectors have generally involved rescaled, broadly market-disciplinary approaches to the regulation of uneven spatial development that seriously exacerbate, rather than resolve, the crisis tendencies and contradictions of post-Keynesian capitalism. However, despite their destabilizing macroeconomic consequences and the often vague, ideologically slippery spatial visions attached to projects to promote a new economy, such neoliberalizing regulatory rescalings continue to play a key role in the production of new urban spaces and new forms of urbanization.
