Sebastian Elsässer
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199368396
- eISBN:
- 9780199368419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199368396.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Starting with the 1930s, both Muslim and Christian communities witnessed the rise and triumph of “fundamentalist” religious currents and a general revival of piety and religious conservatism through ...
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Starting with the 1930s, both Muslim and Christian communities witnessed the rise and triumph of “fundamentalist” religious currents and a general revival of piety and religious conservatism through all social groups and classes. A comparison between Muslim and Christian revivalism reveals the interesting commonalities between the two movements, while shedding light on the quite significant differences in their character and the different social consequences they have had. Passing through the social demographics of the Coptic community, the evolution of the Coptic Orthodox Church and community spheres and the state of Muslim-Christian relations, this chapter provides a comprehensive survey of the situation of the Copts in contemporary Egypt and critically examines the common presupposition of a so-called “Coptic withdrawal” from Egyptian society. It argues that the diversity of social backgrounds and variety of individual attitudes and aspirations among the Copts precludes any sweeping generalizations about the Coptic experience in Egyptian society.Less
Starting with the 1930s, both Muslim and Christian communities witnessed the rise and triumph of “fundamentalist” religious currents and a general revival of piety and religious conservatism through all social groups and classes. A comparison between Muslim and Christian revivalism reveals the interesting commonalities between the two movements, while shedding light on the quite significant differences in their character and the different social consequences they have had. Passing through the social demographics of the Coptic community, the evolution of the Coptic Orthodox Church and community spheres and the state of Muslim-Christian relations, this chapter provides a comprehensive survey of the situation of the Copts in contemporary Egypt and critically examines the common presupposition of a so-called “Coptic withdrawal” from Egyptian society. It argues that the diversity of social backgrounds and variety of individual attitudes and aspirations among the Copts precludes any sweeping generalizations about the Coptic experience in Egyptian society.
T. N. Madan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198065104
- eISBN:
- 9780199080182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198065104.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sociology of Religion
Many early Victorian writers considered India to be at the threshold of a new way of life under the combined influence of the new administrative and mercantile dispensations and evangelical ...
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Many early Victorian writers considered India to be at the threshold of a new way of life under the combined influence of the new administrative and mercantile dispensations and evangelical Christianity. However, the critics overlooked the vitality of the inner dynamism of Hinduism. The character of the mixed response of Bengali intellectuals to the cultural impact of the West is best illustrated by the creed and social concerns of the Brahmo Sabha, founded by Rammohun Roy, and its successor, the Brahmo Samaj. This chapter examines Hindu religious tradition, focusing on religious revivalism and fundamentalism. It then analyses the Arya Samaj, the ideology of Hindutva and the founding of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, and Mahatma Gandhi's Hinduism.Less
Many early Victorian writers considered India to be at the threshold of a new way of life under the combined influence of the new administrative and mercantile dispensations and evangelical Christianity. However, the critics overlooked the vitality of the inner dynamism of Hinduism. The character of the mixed response of Bengali intellectuals to the cultural impact of the West is best illustrated by the creed and social concerns of the Brahmo Sabha, founded by Rammohun Roy, and its successor, the Brahmo Samaj. This chapter examines Hindu religious tradition, focusing on religious revivalism and fundamentalism. It then analyses the Arya Samaj, the ideology of Hindutva and the founding of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, and Mahatma Gandhi's Hinduism.
Khun Eng Kuah-Pearce
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028818
- eISBN:
- 9789882207332
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028818.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter explores religious revivalism in the ancestral villages, qiaoxiang of the emigrants, and their descendants. It examines the significance of ancestors within the Chinese cosmology, the ...
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This chapter explores religious revivalism in the ancestral villages, qiaoxiang of the emigrants, and their descendants. It examines the significance of ancestors within the Chinese cosmology, the revival of ancestor worship of the Ke Lineage in Penglai, and the extent to which ancestor worship and related practices are gradually being reproduced to cater for both the increasing, overt needs of the Singapore Chinese and for those of their village kin.Less
This chapter explores religious revivalism in the ancestral villages, qiaoxiang of the emigrants, and their descendants. It examines the significance of ancestors within the Chinese cosmology, the revival of ancestor worship of the Ke Lineage in Penglai, and the extent to which ancestor worship and related practices are gradually being reproduced to cater for both the increasing, overt needs of the Singapore Chinese and for those of their village kin.
Sebastian Elsasser
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199368396
- eISBN:
- 9780199368419
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199368396.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Part of the legacy of the Mubarak era (1980–2011) in Egypt is the unsettled state of Muslim-Christian relations and the increasing volatility of sectarian tensions, which also overshadowed the first ...
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Part of the legacy of the Mubarak era (1980–2011) in Egypt is the unsettled state of Muslim-Christian relations and the increasing volatility of sectarian tensions, which also overshadowed the first years of the post-Mubarak period. Egypt’s Christians, the Copts, are the largest Christian community in the Middle East. While they have always been considered an integral component of the Egyptian nation, their precise status within Egyptian politics and society has been subject to ongoing negotiations and debates throughout the twentieth century until the present day. The so-called “Coptic question,” as it evolved during the course of modern Egyptian history, involves a complex set of issues, ranging from the petty struggles of daily coexistence in a bi-religious society and everyday issues of religious distinction and discrimination to intricate legal and constitutional questions (family law, conversion, and church-building), to the issue of the political participation of the Coptic minority, and to intellectual debates about Egyptian national identity. Investigating the socioeconomic, political, legal, and ideological background of the Coptic question as it appeared in the Mubarak era, the book uncovers different historical layers, traces important continuities and identifies significant ruptures from the early nineteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first. It delves into the discourses that dominated public debates and political agenda-setting during the Mubarak era, and explains why politicians and the public in Egypt have had such enormous difficulties in recognizing the real roots of sectarian strife and devising effective counter-measures.Less
Part of the legacy of the Mubarak era (1980–2011) in Egypt is the unsettled state of Muslim-Christian relations and the increasing volatility of sectarian tensions, which also overshadowed the first years of the post-Mubarak period. Egypt’s Christians, the Copts, are the largest Christian community in the Middle East. While they have always been considered an integral component of the Egyptian nation, their precise status within Egyptian politics and society has been subject to ongoing negotiations and debates throughout the twentieth century until the present day. The so-called “Coptic question,” as it evolved during the course of modern Egyptian history, involves a complex set of issues, ranging from the petty struggles of daily coexistence in a bi-religious society and everyday issues of religious distinction and discrimination to intricate legal and constitutional questions (family law, conversion, and church-building), to the issue of the political participation of the Coptic minority, and to intellectual debates about Egyptian national identity. Investigating the socioeconomic, political, legal, and ideological background of the Coptic question as it appeared in the Mubarak era, the book uncovers different historical layers, traces important continuities and identifies significant ruptures from the early nineteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first. It delves into the discourses that dominated public debates and political agenda-setting during the Mubarak era, and explains why politicians and the public in Egypt have had such enormous difficulties in recognizing the real roots of sectarian strife and devising effective counter-measures.
T. N. Madan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198065104
- eISBN:
- 9780199080182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198065104.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sociology of Religion
This chapter presents an argument about the character of Muslim fundamentalism in South Asia. The argument runs as follows: While a concern with orthodoxy and orthopraxis is only to be expected among ...
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This chapter presents an argument about the character of Muslim fundamentalism in South Asia. The argument runs as follows: While a concern with orthodoxy and orthopraxis is only to be expected among the carriers of a religious tradition when they enter an alien socio-cultural environment and make converts, their anxiety about the loss of the pristine purity of belief and practice at a later stage of consolidation expresses itself in the form of efforts at reform and revival. This chapter also discusses the arrival of Islam in India and the opportunities and dilemmas it presented—religious authority versus secular power in medieval India, religious syncretism and revivalism, redemption by education, and Islamic fundamentalism in South Asia in the twentieth century.Less
This chapter presents an argument about the character of Muslim fundamentalism in South Asia. The argument runs as follows: While a concern with orthodoxy and orthopraxis is only to be expected among the carriers of a religious tradition when they enter an alien socio-cultural environment and make converts, their anxiety about the loss of the pristine purity of belief and practice at a later stage of consolidation expresses itself in the form of efforts at reform and revival. This chapter also discusses the arrival of Islam in India and the opportunities and dilemmas it presented—religious authority versus secular power in medieval India, religious syncretism and revivalism, redemption by education, and Islamic fundamentalism in South Asia in the twentieth century.
Amalia D. Kessler
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300198072
- eISBN:
- 9780300224849
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300198072.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
Chapter 5 considers the broader values with which Americans, including nonlawyers, came to invest adversarial procedure. Troubled by the radical economic transformations of the era (including the ...
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Chapter 5 considers the broader values with which Americans, including nonlawyers, came to invest adversarial procedure. Troubled by the radical economic transformations of the era (including the emergence of a growing class of dispossessed laborers), many Americans—and especially those influenced by then prevalent religious revivalism and utopian fervor—argued for the adoption of European-style conciliation courts as a means of tempering market excesses. Largely ignored in the scholarly literature, the ensuing debates in Florida, California, and New York were part of a transnational discussion launched by Jeremy Bentham, who coined the term “conciliation court” based on an institution created by the French Revolutionaries and exported throughout much of Europe (and its colonies). In the United States, these debates resulted in the enactment of state constitutional provisions authorizing legislatures to establish conciliation courts and legislation that did so. But the courts themselves failed to take meaningful root in the antebellum period. Their ultimately triumphant opponents rejected them as paternalistic institutions, suited only to feudal or despotic European nations. A nation that was so distinctively liberty-oriented and market-based, they argued, necessarily employed a distinctively adversarial approach to social, economic, and (perhaps especially) labor relations—and thus to legal procedure as well.Less
Chapter 5 considers the broader values with which Americans, including nonlawyers, came to invest adversarial procedure. Troubled by the radical economic transformations of the era (including the emergence of a growing class of dispossessed laborers), many Americans—and especially those influenced by then prevalent religious revivalism and utopian fervor—argued for the adoption of European-style conciliation courts as a means of tempering market excesses. Largely ignored in the scholarly literature, the ensuing debates in Florida, California, and New York were part of a transnational discussion launched by Jeremy Bentham, who coined the term “conciliation court” based on an institution created by the French Revolutionaries and exported throughout much of Europe (and its colonies). In the United States, these debates resulted in the enactment of state constitutional provisions authorizing legislatures to establish conciliation courts and legislation that did so. But the courts themselves failed to take meaningful root in the antebellum period. Their ultimately triumphant opponents rejected them as paternalistic institutions, suited only to feudal or despotic European nations. A nation that was so distinctively liberty-oriented and market-based, they argued, necessarily employed a distinctively adversarial approach to social, economic, and (perhaps especially) labor relations—and thus to legal procedure as well.
Brian Sudlow
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719083112
- eISBN:
- 9781781703137
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719083112.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter attempts to synthesise some of the most common accounts of the history of secularisation in France and England during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It provides an ...
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This chapter attempts to synthesise some of the most common accounts of the history of secularisation in France and England during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It provides an understanding of the nature of individual and societal secularisation in England and France, and assesses, in spite of the vast differences, what correlations can be drawn between the two countries. The study of the secularisation of mentalities examines the pluralisation of worldviews, which came about through individualism and technological consciousness. Trends in secular thinking revolutionised comprehension of the world, affected the dominant religious traditions and multiplied the alternative accounts of human destiny. It addresses the secularisation of societal activities and institutions that examine the ways in which English and French society moved away from their erstwhile religious dispensation. The chapter aims to identify the shifting patterns of secular thought and organisation that prevailed in spite of religious revivalism.Less
This chapter attempts to synthesise some of the most common accounts of the history of secularisation in France and England during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It provides an understanding of the nature of individual and societal secularisation in England and France, and assesses, in spite of the vast differences, what correlations can be drawn between the two countries. The study of the secularisation of mentalities examines the pluralisation of worldviews, which came about through individualism and technological consciousness. Trends in secular thinking revolutionised comprehension of the world, affected the dominant religious traditions and multiplied the alternative accounts of human destiny. It addresses the secularisation of societal activities and institutions that examine the ways in which English and French society moved away from their erstwhile religious dispensation. The chapter aims to identify the shifting patterns of secular thought and organisation that prevailed in spite of religious revivalism.
Ruth Bloch
Stephen Miller (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520234055
- eISBN:
- 9780520936478
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520234055.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This book brings together chapters on the origins of Anglo-American conceptions of gender and morality. It illuminates the overarching theme of this work by addressing a basic historical question: ...
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This book brings together chapters on the origins of Anglo-American conceptions of gender and morality. It illuminates the overarching theme of this work by addressing a basic historical question: Why did the attitudes toward gender and family relations that we now consider traditional values emerge when they did? The book looks deeply into eighteenth-century culture to answer this question, highlighting long-term developments in religion, intellectual history, law, and literature, showing that the eighteenth century was a time of profound transformation for women's roles as wives and mothers, for ideas about sexuality, and for notions of female moral authority. It engages topics from British moral philosophy to colonial laws regarding courtship, and from the popularity of the sentimental novel to the psychology of religious revivalism. These chapters bring a revisionist challenge to both women's studies and cultural studies as they ask us to reconsider the origins of the system of gender relations that has dominated American culture for two hundred years.Less
This book brings together chapters on the origins of Anglo-American conceptions of gender and morality. It illuminates the overarching theme of this work by addressing a basic historical question: Why did the attitudes toward gender and family relations that we now consider traditional values emerge when they did? The book looks deeply into eighteenth-century culture to answer this question, highlighting long-term developments in religion, intellectual history, law, and literature, showing that the eighteenth century was a time of profound transformation for women's roles as wives and mothers, for ideas about sexuality, and for notions of female moral authority. It engages topics from British moral philosophy to colonial laws regarding courtship, and from the popularity of the sentimental novel to the psychology of religious revivalism. These chapters bring a revisionist challenge to both women's studies and cultural studies as they ask us to reconsider the origins of the system of gender relations that has dominated American culture for two hundred years.
Scott Gac
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300111989
- eISBN:
- 9780300138368
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300111989.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter focuses on the music and antislavery during 1840 and the Hutchinson Family Singers as public abolitionists. In most of northern New England, slavery had never developed deep roots in the ...
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This chapter focuses on the music and antislavery during 1840 and the Hutchinson Family Singers as public abolitionists. In most of northern New England, slavery had never developed deep roots in the Granite State, which was never really more than a place where there were some slaves. The creation of an antislavery party considerably affected local politics in Milford. Public reform figures active in producing cultural works, such as John Greenleaf Whittier and Lydia Maria Child, felt that all of their writings were slighted because of their antislavery sympathies. Showcasing their individual commitment to musical excellence and to reform at antislavery conventions, the Hutchinsons energized presentations by linking more to the dynamism of religious revivalism and its successful marketing of the sacred, providing an air of possibility, than to the conservative religious practices to which many antislavery advocates ultimately objected.Less
This chapter focuses on the music and antislavery during 1840 and the Hutchinson Family Singers as public abolitionists. In most of northern New England, slavery had never developed deep roots in the Granite State, which was never really more than a place where there were some slaves. The creation of an antislavery party considerably affected local politics in Milford. Public reform figures active in producing cultural works, such as John Greenleaf Whittier and Lydia Maria Child, felt that all of their writings were slighted because of their antislavery sympathies. Showcasing their individual commitment to musical excellence and to reform at antislavery conventions, the Hutchinsons energized presentations by linking more to the dynamism of religious revivalism and its successful marketing of the sacred, providing an air of possibility, than to the conservative religious practices to which many antislavery advocates ultimately objected.
