Kathleen Lynch
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199643936
- eISBN:
- 9780191738876
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199643936.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature
This chapter examines the contests between Protestants and Catholics over the filial claims to Saint Augustine’s religious authority, as they played out in the competing translations of the ...
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This chapter examines the contests between Protestants and Catholics over the filial claims to Saint Augustine’s religious authority, as they played out in the competing translations of the Confessions into English in the 1620s. This was a constituent part of the battle that raged near the end of James I’s reign to establish religious orthodoxy and to maintain state control over it. The Confessions was not a useful polemical tool, but the chapter details the responsive confessional statements of one of its expert readers, John Donne. The two publications that framed his public life were Pseudo‐Martyr (1610) and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions (1624). In them, Donne challenged Augustine’s resolution of a spiritual crisis with a change of church. Donne complied, but only in respect of the body politic. He became an improbable literary spokesperson for the Protestant nation.Less
This chapter examines the contests between Protestants and Catholics over the filial claims to Saint Augustine’s religious authority, as they played out in the competing translations of the Confessions into English in the 1620s. This was a constituent part of the battle that raged near the end of James I’s reign to establish religious orthodoxy and to maintain state control over it. The Confessions was not a useful polemical tool, but the chapter details the responsive confessional statements of one of its expert readers, John Donne. The two publications that framed his public life were Pseudo‐Martyr (1610) and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions (1624). In them, Donne challenged Augustine’s resolution of a spiritual crisis with a change of church. Donne complied, but only in respect of the body politic. He became an improbable literary spokesperson for the Protestant nation.
Kathleen Lynch
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199643936
- eISBN:
- 9780191738876
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199643936.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature
This chapter examines the contests between Protestants and Catholics over the filial claims to Saint Augustine’s religious authority, as they played out in the competing translations of the ...
More
This chapter examines the contests between Protestants and Catholics over the filial claims to Saint Augustine’s religious authority, as they played out in the competing translations of the Confessions into English in the 1620s. This was a constituent part of the battle that raged near the end of James I’s reign to establish religious orthodoxy and to maintain state control over it. The Confessions was not a useful polemical tool, but the chapter details the responsive confessional statements of one of its expert readers, John Donne. The two publications that framed his public life were Pseudo-Martyr (1610) and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions (1624). In them, Donne challenged Augustine’s resolution of a spiritual crisis with a change of church. Donne complied, but only in respect of the body politic. He became an improbable literary spokesperson for the Protestant nation.Less
This chapter examines the contests between Protestants and Catholics over the filial claims to Saint Augustine’s religious authority, as they played out in the competing translations of the Confessions into English in the 1620s. This was a constituent part of the battle that raged near the end of James I’s reign to establish religious orthodoxy and to maintain state control over it. The Confessions was not a useful polemical tool, but the chapter details the responsive confessional statements of one of its expert readers, John Donne. The two publications that framed his public life were Pseudo-Martyr (1610) and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions (1624). In them, Donne challenged Augustine’s resolution of a spiritual crisis with a change of church. Donne complied, but only in respect of the body politic. He became an improbable literary spokesperson for the Protestant nation.
DAVID WOMERSLEY
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198187332
- eISBN:
- 9780191718861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198187332.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
Gibbon's most explicit engagement with his critics occurred with the publication of his Vindication in 1779. Recent scholars have normally presented this as a one-sided contest leading to a ...
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Gibbon's most explicit engagement with his critics occurred with the publication of his Vindication in 1779. Recent scholars have normally presented this as a one-sided contest leading to a devastating victory for Gibbon. This chapter argues, however, that Gibbon's victory in this encounter was achieved more at the level of style than of scholarly substance, and that he adroitly side-stepped the accusations of his critics. He exploited the eighteenth-century tradition of dispute between deists and the orthodox, with which he was very familiar, and cleverly turned the tables on his opponents by stealing from them the rhetorical clothes associated particularly with that hammer of heterodoxy, Richard Bentley.Less
Gibbon's most explicit engagement with his critics occurred with the publication of his Vindication in 1779. Recent scholars have normally presented this as a one-sided contest leading to a devastating victory for Gibbon. This chapter argues, however, that Gibbon's victory in this encounter was achieved more at the level of style than of scholarly substance, and that he adroitly side-stepped the accusations of his critics. He exploited the eighteenth-century tradition of dispute between deists and the orthodox, with which he was very familiar, and cleverly turned the tables on his opponents by stealing from them the rhetorical clothes associated particularly with that hammer of heterodoxy, Richard Bentley.
Damian Bracken
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264508
- eISBN:
- 9780191734120
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264508.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter examines the Roman influence on the religious orthodoxy in Ireland and England. It explains that the earliest writers presented the adoption of Christianity as a spiritual rebirth which ...
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This chapter examines the Roman influence on the religious orthodoxy in Ireland and England. It explains that the earliest writers presented the adoption of Christianity as a spiritual rebirth which transcended their physical birth. The chapter also suggests that the earliest of Irish literature can be considered a forceful affirmation of the importance of Christian universality and an indictment of those who refused to acknowledge the significance of this principle or who would undermine it.Less
This chapter examines the Roman influence on the religious orthodoxy in Ireland and England. It explains that the earliest writers presented the adoption of Christianity as a spiritual rebirth which transcended their physical birth. The chapter also suggests that the earliest of Irish literature can be considered a forceful affirmation of the importance of Christian universality and an indictment of those who refused to acknowledge the significance of this principle or who would undermine it.
Ayala Fader
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780691169903
- eISBN:
- 9780691201481
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691169903.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter follows Jews whose life-changing doubt was discovered by or confessed to a spouse. It talks about therapeutic professionals who tried to help double lifers such as Jewish life coaches, ...
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This chapter follows Jews whose life-changing doubt was discovered by or confessed to a spouse. It talks about therapeutic professionals who tried to help double lifers such as Jewish life coaches, outreach rabbis, and religious therapists. It also explains the profession of religious therapy that are in the midst of a moral struggle as to which authorities they owed their allegiance: their own religious orthodoxy or their clients' individual autonomy. The chapter explains how most therapeutic professionals rejected the common rabbinic explanation in circulation for the contemporary crisis of faith, the Internet. It also points out how therapeutic professionals drew on the authority of therapeutic discourse in order to argue that it was emotional and interpersonal dynamics that obstructed emuna or faith.Less
This chapter follows Jews whose life-changing doubt was discovered by or confessed to a spouse. It talks about therapeutic professionals who tried to help double lifers such as Jewish life coaches, outreach rabbis, and religious therapists. It also explains the profession of religious therapy that are in the midst of a moral struggle as to which authorities they owed their allegiance: their own religious orthodoxy or their clients' individual autonomy. The chapter explains how most therapeutic professionals rejected the common rabbinic explanation in circulation for the contemporary crisis of faith, the Internet. It also points out how therapeutic professionals drew on the authority of therapeutic discourse in order to argue that it was emotional and interpersonal dynamics that obstructed emuna or faith.
Max Weiss
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691190754
- eISBN:
- 9780691194165
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691190754.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter explores the experience of two contemporary Middle Eastern thinkers: Sadiq Jalal al-ʻAzm and Nasir Hamid Abu Zayd. The former, writing in the aftermath of the Arab–Israeli War of 1967, ...
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This chapter explores the experience of two contemporary Middle Eastern thinkers: Sadiq Jalal al-ʻAzm and Nasir Hamid Abu Zayd. The former, writing in the aftermath of the Arab–Israeli War of 1967, penned a critique of Islam, alleging that its blinkered repressiveness had set the Arab world up for defeat. The latter, writing in the 1990s, sought to fashion a modern, enlightened Islam and, in pursuit of that end, subjected Islam's most sacred text, the Qur'an, to critical philological scrutiny. Both men paid a price for their heterodoxy: al-ʻAzm lost his job at the American University in Beirut and was tried for incitement of religious discord; Abu Zayd was denied promotion at Cairo University and also subjected to public prosecution. The interest in the present context is that in both instances the prosecuting agency was the so-called secular state, whether Lebanese or Egyptian, and it acted in response to the prodding of mobilized religious constituencies, thus transforming itself, though secular, into an accomplice of sectarianism. Postcolonial Arab nationalisms, as had Soviet communism before them, held out the promise of liberation, but liberation, once again, turned out to be a mixed blessing. The secular state did not set itself up in opposition to faith but catered to believers, enhancing its own power by giving satisfaction to the repressive impulses of religious orthodoxy.Less
This chapter explores the experience of two contemporary Middle Eastern thinkers: Sadiq Jalal al-ʻAzm and Nasir Hamid Abu Zayd. The former, writing in the aftermath of the Arab–Israeli War of 1967, penned a critique of Islam, alleging that its blinkered repressiveness had set the Arab world up for defeat. The latter, writing in the 1990s, sought to fashion a modern, enlightened Islam and, in pursuit of that end, subjected Islam's most sacred text, the Qur'an, to critical philological scrutiny. Both men paid a price for their heterodoxy: al-ʻAzm lost his job at the American University in Beirut and was tried for incitement of religious discord; Abu Zayd was denied promotion at Cairo University and also subjected to public prosecution. The interest in the present context is that in both instances the prosecuting agency was the so-called secular state, whether Lebanese or Egyptian, and it acted in response to the prodding of mobilized religious constituencies, thus transforming itself, though secular, into an accomplice of sectarianism. Postcolonial Arab nationalisms, as had Soviet communism before them, held out the promise of liberation, but liberation, once again, turned out to be a mixed blessing. The secular state did not set itself up in opposition to faith but catered to believers, enhancing its own power by giving satisfaction to the repressive impulses of religious orthodoxy.
Michael A. Ryan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449840
- eISBN:
- 9780801463150
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449840.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
Astrology in the Middle Ages was considered a branch of the magical arts, one informed by Jewish and Muslim scientific knowledge in Muslim Spain. Using the stars and planets to divine the future ran ...
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Astrology in the Middle Ages was considered a branch of the magical arts, one informed by Jewish and Muslim scientific knowledge in Muslim Spain. Using the stars and planets to divine the future ran counter to the orthodox Christian notion that human beings have free will, and some clerical authorities argued that it almost certainly entailed the summoning of spiritual forces considered diabolical. We know that occult beliefs and practices became widespread in the later Middle Ages, but there is much about the phenomenon that we do not understand. This book examines the interest in astrology in the Iberian kingdom of Aragon, where ideas about magic and the occult were deeply intertwined with notions of power, authority, and providence. The book focuses on the reigns of Pere III (1336–1387) and his sons Joan I (1387–1395) and Martí I (1395–1410). Pere and Joan spent lavish amounts of money on astrological writings, and astrologers held great sway within their courts. When Martí I took the throne, however, he was determined to purge Joan's courtiers and return to religious orthodoxy. The book shows the appeal of astrology to those in power: predicting the future through divination was a valuable tool for addressing the extraordinary problems plaguing Europe in the fourteenth century. Meanwhile, the kings' contemporaries within the noble, ecclesiastical, and mercantile elite had their own reasons for wanting to know what the future held, but their engagement with the occult was directly related to the amount of power and authority the monarch exhibited and applied.Less
Astrology in the Middle Ages was considered a branch of the magical arts, one informed by Jewish and Muslim scientific knowledge in Muslim Spain. Using the stars and planets to divine the future ran counter to the orthodox Christian notion that human beings have free will, and some clerical authorities argued that it almost certainly entailed the summoning of spiritual forces considered diabolical. We know that occult beliefs and practices became widespread in the later Middle Ages, but there is much about the phenomenon that we do not understand. This book examines the interest in astrology in the Iberian kingdom of Aragon, where ideas about magic and the occult were deeply intertwined with notions of power, authority, and providence. The book focuses on the reigns of Pere III (1336–1387) and his sons Joan I (1387–1395) and Martí I (1395–1410). Pere and Joan spent lavish amounts of money on astrological writings, and astrologers held great sway within their courts. When Martí I took the throne, however, he was determined to purge Joan's courtiers and return to religious orthodoxy. The book shows the appeal of astrology to those in power: predicting the future through divination was a valuable tool for addressing the extraordinary problems plaguing Europe in the fourteenth century. Meanwhile, the kings' contemporaries within the noble, ecclesiastical, and mercantile elite had their own reasons for wanting to know what the future held, but their engagement with the occult was directly related to the amount of power and authority the monarch exhibited and applied.
Victoria Morgan (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846311369
- eISBN:
- 9781846315688
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781846315688.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter focuses on Emily Dickinson's critique of religious orthodoxy, namely the legacy of New England Puritanism, using bee imagery and its cultural associations with Protestant models for both ...
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This chapter focuses on Emily Dickinson's critique of religious orthodoxy, namely the legacy of New England Puritanism, using bee imagery and its cultural associations with Protestant models for both community and industry. It explores the radical re–positioning of belief within the context of production, or notion of ‘employment’ as poet, in Dickinson's work, linking spirituality with writing. It also considers how the three elements of industry, revery, and relation are strongly connected with the bee in Dickinson's work, along with the extent to which this represents an alternative ‘design’ or ‘space’ for belief within the schema of her poetry.Less
This chapter focuses on Emily Dickinson's critique of religious orthodoxy, namely the legacy of New England Puritanism, using bee imagery and its cultural associations with Protestant models for both community and industry. It explores the radical re–positioning of belief within the context of production, or notion of ‘employment’ as poet, in Dickinson's work, linking spirituality with writing. It also considers how the three elements of industry, revery, and relation are strongly connected with the bee in Dickinson's work, along with the extent to which this represents an alternative ‘design’ or ‘space’ for belief within the schema of her poetry.
Stephanie L. Phillips
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804775366
- eISBN:
- 9780804780704
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804775366.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter presents a rereading of the Unitarian controversy in nineteenth-century Massachusetts. It represents a deliberate and violent displacement of one religious regime with another. The ...
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This chapter presents a rereading of the Unitarian controversy in nineteenth-century Massachusetts. It represents a deliberate and violent displacement of one religious regime with another. The controversy concerned a Christian denomination that split in two, ostensibly because of theological differences over the question of the divinity of Christ. Looking at disputes over church property, the discussion shows how such disputes also served as vehicles for the development of new ideas of tolerance and religious orthodoxy, ideas that are as intolerant as their predecessors.Less
This chapter presents a rereading of the Unitarian controversy in nineteenth-century Massachusetts. It represents a deliberate and violent displacement of one religious regime with another. The controversy concerned a Christian denomination that split in two, ostensibly because of theological differences over the question of the divinity of Christ. Looking at disputes over church property, the discussion shows how such disputes also served as vehicles for the development of new ideas of tolerance and religious orthodoxy, ideas that are as intolerant as their predecessors.
Janet Douglas
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526123084
- eISBN:
- 9781526144676
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526123084.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
The chapter traces the development of Zionism among Leeds Jewry, taking inspiration from the work of Theodore Herzl. In many ways, Zionism acted as a unifying influence in what was often a fragmented ...
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The chapter traces the development of Zionism among Leeds Jewry, taking inspiration from the work of Theodore Herzl. In many ways, Zionism acted as a unifying influence in what was often a fragmented community, particularly since support did not depend on the degree of religious orthodoxy. Zionism in Leeds received a great stimulus from the arrival of Selig Brodetsky, who became the main organiser and leader. The city also was inspired by the visits of Chaim Weizmann.Less
The chapter traces the development of Zionism among Leeds Jewry, taking inspiration from the work of Theodore Herzl. In many ways, Zionism acted as a unifying influence in what was often a fragmented community, particularly since support did not depend on the degree of religious orthodoxy. Zionism in Leeds received a great stimulus from the arrival of Selig Brodetsky, who became the main organiser and leader. The city also was inspired by the visits of Chaim Weizmann.
Stefania Tutino
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197578803
- eISBN:
- 9780197578834
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197578803.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Despite Carlo Calà’s efforts to publicize Giovanni’s story and to secure supporters for the potential canonization, the city of Naples was buzzing with rumors that Giovanni was not a real person and ...
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Despite Carlo Calà’s efforts to publicize Giovanni’s story and to secure supporters for the potential canonization, the city of Naples was buzzing with rumors that Giovanni was not a real person and the documents narrating his holy life were forgeries. This chapter narrates the discovery of the fraud and the investigation promoted by the Holy Office and conducted by the Neapolitan ministro or representative of the Roman Inquisition. This investigation was received with much less enthusiasm (if not discreetly undermined) by the local authorities, especially the archbishop of Naples, who was worried by the potential repercussions of taking action against a powerful and influential member of the viceregal administration. Following Giovanni’s case enables us to appreciate the tensions between the center and the localities of the Catholic Church, and the complex interplay of religious orthodoxy, political authority, social capital, and local patronage.Less
Despite Carlo Calà’s efforts to publicize Giovanni’s story and to secure supporters for the potential canonization, the city of Naples was buzzing with rumors that Giovanni was not a real person and the documents narrating his holy life were forgeries. This chapter narrates the discovery of the fraud and the investigation promoted by the Holy Office and conducted by the Neapolitan ministro or representative of the Roman Inquisition. This investigation was received with much less enthusiasm (if not discreetly undermined) by the local authorities, especially the archbishop of Naples, who was worried by the potential repercussions of taking action against a powerful and influential member of the viceregal administration. Following Giovanni’s case enables us to appreciate the tensions between the center and the localities of the Catholic Church, and the complex interplay of religious orthodoxy, political authority, social capital, and local patronage.
Helen C. Rountree and Wesley D. Taukchiray
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781469662930
- eISBN:
- 9781469662954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469662930.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter reconstructs what probably happened in the Sounds region when the English would-be colonists were not rescued, so that they ran out of supplies. Very few people in this world sit down ...
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This chapter reconstructs what probably happened in the Sounds region when the English would-be colonists were not rescued, so that they ran out of supplies. Very few people in this world sit down helplessly and die of broken hearts: instead they do what they must to survive. In the Sounds region, that meant joining the Indian world and, eventually merging in with it. They would have to have dispersed among many Indian towns, sometimes as prisoners, other times simply as refugees, because a drought was beginning and no one or two towns could have harbored over 100 aliens. The merging would not have been an easy matter for either side: in some ways the two cultures were similar, while in other ways they differed drastically. We go into the matter in detail in our reconstruction.Less
This chapter reconstructs what probably happened in the Sounds region when the English would-be colonists were not rescued, so that they ran out of supplies. Very few people in this world sit down helplessly and die of broken hearts: instead they do what they must to survive. In the Sounds region, that meant joining the Indian world and, eventually merging in with it. They would have to have dispersed among many Indian towns, sometimes as prisoners, other times simply as refugees, because a drought was beginning and no one or two towns could have harbored over 100 aliens. The merging would not have been an easy matter for either side: in some ways the two cultures were similar, while in other ways they differed drastically. We go into the matter in detail in our reconstruction.