Kristine Kalanges
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199859467
- eISBN:
- 9780199933518
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199859467.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Comparative Law
Freedom of religion did not become a legal reality until the modern era (e.g., through the First Amendment), and even as late as the Second World War, one global study declared a total absence of “a ...
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Freedom of religion did not become a legal reality until the modern era (e.g., through the First Amendment), and even as late as the Second World War, one global study declared a total absence of “a generally accepted postulate of international law that every State is under legal obligation to accord religious liberty within its jurisdiction.” However, in the relatively brief historical period since, freedom of religion or belief has become just such an accepted postulate of international law. This chapter explores key elements of that development, beginning with an examination of religious liberty provisions in international human rights law—the major documents and treaties, as well as issues of special concern. Next, it briefly considers two additional sources of international rights monitoring and enforcement: the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom and the European Court of Human Rights. Finally, it discusses the twentieth-century contributions of religious institutions to religious liberty, focusing on the role of the Catholic Church in elaborating a moral foundation for religious freedom and championing it as a pathway to peace.Less
Freedom of religion did not become a legal reality until the modern era (e.g., through the First Amendment), and even as late as the Second World War, one global study declared a total absence of “a generally accepted postulate of international law that every State is under legal obligation to accord religious liberty within its jurisdiction.” However, in the relatively brief historical period since, freedom of religion or belief has become just such an accepted postulate of international law. This chapter explores key elements of that development, beginning with an examination of religious liberty provisions in international human rights law—the major documents and treaties, as well as issues of special concern. Next, it briefly considers two additional sources of international rights monitoring and enforcement: the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom and the European Court of Human Rights. Finally, it discusses the twentieth-century contributions of religious institutions to religious liberty, focusing on the role of the Catholic Church in elaborating a moral foundation for religious freedom and championing it as a pathway to peace.
Lisa D. Pearce and Melinda Lundquist Denton
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199753895
- eISBN:
- 9780199894949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753895.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter clarifies the meaning of individual religiosity, appropriate methods of analysis for religiosity’s multidimensional nature, and the social contexts in which adolescent religiosity ...
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This chapter clarifies the meaning of individual religiosity, appropriate methods of analysis for religiosity’s multidimensional nature, and the social contexts in which adolescent religiosity develop. Theoretical developments in the sociology of religion are reviewed to establish a sound conceptualization of religion. Next, the strengths and weaknesses of various methodological approaches are described. This leads to a discussion of the appropriateness of a person-based approach, as taken in this book, for studying the contours and dynamics of adolescent religiosity. The approach is illustrated through the introduction of a religious mosaic metaphor. The chapter ends by describing the social contexts, identities, and experiences in which these religious mosaics or profiles develop during adolescence, including family and peer contexts, religious institutions, sociodemographic characteristics, youth temperament, and unique life experiences.Less
This chapter clarifies the meaning of individual religiosity, appropriate methods of analysis for religiosity’s multidimensional nature, and the social contexts in which adolescent religiosity develop. Theoretical developments in the sociology of religion are reviewed to establish a sound conceptualization of religion. Next, the strengths and weaknesses of various methodological approaches are described. This leads to a discussion of the appropriateness of a person-based approach, as taken in this book, for studying the contours and dynamics of adolescent religiosity. The approach is illustrated through the introduction of a religious mosaic metaphor. The chapter ends by describing the social contexts, identities, and experiences in which these religious mosaics or profiles develop during adolescence, including family and peer contexts, religious institutions, sociodemographic characteristics, youth temperament, and unique life experiences.
Lisa D. Pearce and Melinda Lundquist Denton
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199753895
- eISBN:
- 9780199894949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753895.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter explores how three critical contexts of youth—family, peers, and religious institutions—can facilitate or pose barriers for religious refinement in adolescence. What appears to be the ...
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This chapter explores how three critical contexts of youth—family, peers, and religious institutions—can facilitate or pose barriers for religious refinement in adolescence. What appears to be the most positive model is reminiscent of what other scholars have called “social scaffolding.” Scaffolding is providing support around the learning or development of youth, but leaving just enough space between the foundational scaffolding and where youth are in the process of developing their own religiosity. When youth know the support is there, but that they are free to further refine their faith relatively autonomously, they are more confident and happy in their religious and spiritual lives. When parents, peers, or religious institutions under- or over-scaffold, youth sense they are being misunderstood and often disengage from the process of religious refinement.Less
This chapter explores how three critical contexts of youth—family, peers, and religious institutions—can facilitate or pose barriers for religious refinement in adolescence. What appears to be the most positive model is reminiscent of what other scholars have called “social scaffolding.” Scaffolding is providing support around the learning or development of youth, but leaving just enough space between the foundational scaffolding and where youth are in the process of developing their own religiosity. When youth know the support is there, but that they are free to further refine their faith relatively autonomously, they are more confident and happy in their religious and spiritual lives. When parents, peers, or religious institutions under- or over-scaffold, youth sense they are being misunderstood and often disengage from the process of religious refinement.
David Domke and Kevin Coe
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195326413
- eISBN:
- 9780199870431
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326413.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter reflects on the workings of the God strategy, and on what its omnipresence means for American democracy. The God strategy's “golden rule” — exhibit faith, but don't be too strident or ...
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This chapter reflects on the workings of the God strategy, and on what its omnipresence means for American democracy. The God strategy's “golden rule” — exhibit faith, but don't be too strident or nakedly partisan in doing so — is discussed in relation to the 1992 presidential election and the 2006 midterm elections. In both cases, Republicans pushed too hard with the God strategy while Democrats responded with a religious politics of their own. And in both cases, the result was Democratic electoral gains. The chapter then discusses how America's current brand of religious politics puts at risk the Founding Fathers' vision for a democracy that would protect the church from the state and the state from the church. The chapter concludes by considering the role that mass media, the public education system, and religious institutions can play in preserving Constitutional protections.Less
This chapter reflects on the workings of the God strategy, and on what its omnipresence means for American democracy. The God strategy's “golden rule” — exhibit faith, but don't be too strident or nakedly partisan in doing so — is discussed in relation to the 1992 presidential election and the 2006 midterm elections. In both cases, Republicans pushed too hard with the God strategy while Democrats responded with a religious politics of their own. And in both cases, the result was Democratic electoral gains. The chapter then discusses how America's current brand of religious politics puts at risk the Founding Fathers' vision for a democracy that would protect the church from the state and the state from the church. The chapter concludes by considering the role that mass media, the public education system, and religious institutions can play in preserving Constitutional protections.
Lisa D. Pearce and Melinda Lundquist Denton
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199753895
- eISBN:
- 9780199894949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753895.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Having previously delineated the religious characteristics of the five profiles of religiosity presented throughout this book, this chapter describes other nonreligious characteristics of youth who ...
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Having previously delineated the religious characteristics of the five profiles of religiosity presented throughout this book, this chapter describes other nonreligious characteristics of youth who belong to each of the five classes. This provides more insight into the demographic characteristics of these youth and suggests how families, peers, and religious institutions may contribute to how youth live out their religiosity. The chapter also examines associations between membership in the five classes and outcomes such as deviant behavior, health, and well-being. In other words, this chapter investigates other life situations and characteristics that are related to how adolescents live out their religiosity.Less
Having previously delineated the religious characteristics of the five profiles of religiosity presented throughout this book, this chapter describes other nonreligious characteristics of youth who belong to each of the five classes. This provides more insight into the demographic characteristics of these youth and suggests how families, peers, and religious institutions may contribute to how youth live out their religiosity. The chapter also examines associations between membership in the five classes and outcomes such as deviant behavior, health, and well-being. In other words, this chapter investigates other life situations and characteristics that are related to how adolescents live out their religiosity.
Mark Chaves
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691146850
- eISBN:
- 9781400839957
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691146850.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Most Americans say they believe in God, and more than a third say they attend religious services every week. Yet studies show that people do not really go to church as often as they claim, and it is ...
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Most Americans say they believe in God, and more than a third say they attend religious services every week. Yet studies show that people do not really go to church as often as they claim, and it is not always clear what they mean when they tell pollsters they believe in God or pray. This book presents up-to-date information about religious trends in the United States, in a succinct and accessible manner. The book provides essential information about key developments in American religion since 1972, and is the first major resource of its kind to appear in more than two decades. The book looks at trends in diversity, belief, involvement, congregational life, leadership, liberal Protestant decline, and polarization. It draws on two important surveys: the General Social Survey, an ongoing survey of Americans' changing attitudes and behaviors, begun in 1972; and the National Congregations Study, a survey of American religious congregations across the religious spectrum. The book finds that American religious life has seen much continuity in recent decades, but also much change. It challenges the popular notion that religion is witnessing a resurgence in the United States—in fact, traditional belief and practice is either stable or declining. The book examines why the decline in liberal Protestant denominations has been accompanied by the spread of liberal Protestant attitudes about religious and social tolerance, how confidence in religious institutions has declined more than confidence in secular institutions, and a host of other crucial trends.Less
Most Americans say they believe in God, and more than a third say they attend religious services every week. Yet studies show that people do not really go to church as often as they claim, and it is not always clear what they mean when they tell pollsters they believe in God or pray. This book presents up-to-date information about religious trends in the United States, in a succinct and accessible manner. The book provides essential information about key developments in American religion since 1972, and is the first major resource of its kind to appear in more than two decades. The book looks at trends in diversity, belief, involvement, congregational life, leadership, liberal Protestant decline, and polarization. It draws on two important surveys: the General Social Survey, an ongoing survey of Americans' changing attitudes and behaviors, begun in 1972; and the National Congregations Study, a survey of American religious congregations across the religious spectrum. The book finds that American religious life has seen much continuity in recent decades, but also much change. It challenges the popular notion that religion is witnessing a resurgence in the United States—in fact, traditional belief and practice is either stable or declining. The book examines why the decline in liberal Protestant denominations has been accompanied by the spread of liberal Protestant attitudes about religious and social tolerance, how confidence in religious institutions has declined more than confidence in secular institutions, and a host of other crucial trends.
Lisa D. Pearce and Melinda Lundquist Denton
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199753895
- eISBN:
- 9780199894949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753895.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The final chapter reviews the main arguments presented in the book and offers some concluding thoughts for those who are interested in the religious lives of youth. It begins with a review of the ...
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The final chapter reviews the main arguments presented in the book and offers some concluding thoughts for those who are interested in the religious lives of youth. It begins with a review of the range of religious profiles found among adolescents in the United States, highlighting the importance of understanding the Adapters and Atheists, two groups whose unique religious mosaics have been previously overlooked or misunderstood. The chapter then examines the importance of considering the narratives of youth when studying their religious lives. Youth perceptions of their own religiosity do not always correspond to the picture that emerges from standard survey measures. Finally, social scaffolding in the lives of adolescents is reviewed, highlighting the important role of family, peers and religious institutions in the process of religious refinement among youth.Less
The final chapter reviews the main arguments presented in the book and offers some concluding thoughts for those who are interested in the religious lives of youth. It begins with a review of the range of religious profiles found among adolescents in the United States, highlighting the importance of understanding the Adapters and Atheists, two groups whose unique religious mosaics have been previously overlooked or misunderstood. The chapter then examines the importance of considering the narratives of youth when studying their religious lives. Youth perceptions of their own religiosity do not always correspond to the picture that emerges from standard survey measures. Finally, social scaffolding in the lives of adolescents is reviewed, highlighting the important role of family, peers and religious institutions in the process of religious refinement among youth.
Umar Ryad
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197266915
- eISBN:
- 9780191938177
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266915.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
The chapter investigates the new religious life of a few well-known British converts to Islam in the interwar period; and how they practiced and defended their new faith in their colonial ...
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The chapter investigates the new religious life of a few well-known British converts to Islam in the interwar period; and how they practiced and defended their new faith in their colonial "secularized" state. In their eagerness to spread Islam in Europe, British converts swung between two social and religious groups at the height of European imperialism and modernism. How far can we categorize their writings as "apologetics" for Islam in the land of the colonizers? In what way did they attempt to combine their new Islamic beliefs with their background as Europeans? The chapter discusses some of the issues which they raised in response to the public debates on Islam in Britain, especially about questions related to the Caliphate, pan-Islam, colonialism, atheism and the position of women in Islam.Less
The chapter investigates the new religious life of a few well-known British converts to Islam in the interwar period; and how they practiced and defended their new faith in their colonial "secularized" state. In their eagerness to spread Islam in Europe, British converts swung between two social and religious groups at the height of European imperialism and modernism. How far can we categorize their writings as "apologetics" for Islam in the land of the colonizers? In what way did they attempt to combine their new Islamic beliefs with their background as Europeans? The chapter discusses some of the issues which they raised in response to the public debates on Islam in Britain, especially about questions related to the Caliphate, pan-Islam, colonialism, atheism and the position of women in Islam.
Elisabeth Ozdalga
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474467476
- eISBN:
- 9781474491204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474467476.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
By virtue of its secularism (laicism), Turkey holds a unique place in the Muslim world concerning centralization and state control of religious life. Less secular-oriented Egypt and Jordan, have ...
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By virtue of its secularism (laicism), Turkey holds a unique place in the Muslim world concerning centralization and state control of religious life. Less secular-oriented Egypt and Jordan, have increasingly entered a similar path, and in that context Turkey offers a telling example of the dynamics involved in such processes. The chapter’s focus is on Diyanet, the institution charged with the implementation of religious streamlining, but it also addresses questions related to official Friday sermonizing, where central control has created its own dilemmas. What happens when very different mosque audiences are addressed with the same hutbe (Friday sermon)? What about the unifying impact on the national community of discourses produced by an increasingly powerful and distant religious agency? Such issues are discussed in the light of the tensions encountered, when religion and official homiletics are subordinated to the aims of a secularism-oriented Muslim nation-state.Less
By virtue of its secularism (laicism), Turkey holds a unique place in the Muslim world concerning centralization and state control of religious life. Less secular-oriented Egypt and Jordan, have increasingly entered a similar path, and in that context Turkey offers a telling example of the dynamics involved in such processes. The chapter’s focus is on Diyanet, the institution charged with the implementation of religious streamlining, but it also addresses questions related to official Friday sermonizing, where central control has created its own dilemmas. What happens when very different mosque audiences are addressed with the same hutbe (Friday sermon)? What about the unifying impact on the national community of discourses produced by an increasingly powerful and distant religious agency? Such issues are discussed in the light of the tensions encountered, when religion and official homiletics are subordinated to the aims of a secularism-oriented Muslim nation-state.
Richard H. Trainor
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203551
- eISBN:
- 9780191675850
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203551.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the competition and cooperation between religious institutions and parliamentary politics in the Black Country in England during the period from 1830 to 1900. Though religion ...
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This chapter examines the competition and cooperation between religious institutions and parliamentary politics in the Black Country in England during the period from 1830 to 1900. Though religion and politics were important aspects of the elite civic life, they had much potential for division as well as unity. This chapter analyses the relationship between the elites, the adherents, institutions, and campaigns of political parties and churches and chapels in order to determine the impact of sectarianism and partisanship on social relations.Less
This chapter examines the competition and cooperation between religious institutions and parliamentary politics in the Black Country in England during the period from 1830 to 1900. Though religion and politics were important aspects of the elite civic life, they had much potential for division as well as unity. This chapter analyses the relationship between the elites, the adherents, institutions, and campaigns of political parties and churches and chapels in order to determine the impact of sectarianism and partisanship on social relations.
Gunther Martin
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199560226
- eISBN:
- 9780191721427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560226.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This introductory chapter presents the aim of the book and sets out some of the principal questions of the topic. References to religious institutions and beliefs are analysed by contextualization of ...
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This introductory chapter presents the aim of the book and sets out some of the principal questions of the topic. References to religious institutions and beliefs are analysed by contextualization of and differentiation between factors that may influence the choice and employment of such references, making it possible to state not just what types of argument Athenian orators used, but also when and how. Problems lie in the decision as to what to count as religious arguments and how accurately our texts represent what was actually said.Less
This introductory chapter presents the aim of the book and sets out some of the principal questions of the topic. References to religious institutions and beliefs are analysed by contextualization of and differentiation between factors that may influence the choice and employment of such references, making it possible to state not just what types of argument Athenian orators used, but also when and how. Problems lie in the decision as to what to count as religious arguments and how accurately our texts represent what was actually said.
Suad Joseph
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195175349
- eISBN:
- 9780199835775
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195175344.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
Joseph focuses on the ways in which ideas about family and family idioms, relationships, and practices ground and intersect with formal governmental policies and practices in the Middle East. ...
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Joseph focuses on the ways in which ideas about family and family idioms, relationships, and practices ground and intersect with formal governmental policies and practices in the Middle East. Families and kinship are politically privileged in most Middle Eastern states and women and men are committed to their families in Lebanon in a manner that Joseph calls the “kin contract,” a commitment reinforced by a care/control paradigm in which familial care is often enmeshed with the control by a family system organized around aged and gendered hierarchy. In the Middle East in general, Joseph argues, the citizen-subject is embedded in kinship relationships rather than being an autonomous self. The gendered nature of the citizen-subject emerges thus from the implicit and legally encoded kin contract which reinscribes patriarchal kinship with the force of state and religious institutional and practical backing. Families are regulated in turn by state and religious institutions in Middle Eastern countries, a type of mutual support that further bolsters what she calls patriarchal connectivity—the privileging of the authority of males and elders in a system in which the boundaries of selves are often fluid and focused on relationality.Less
Joseph focuses on the ways in which ideas about family and family idioms, relationships, and practices ground and intersect with formal governmental policies and practices in the Middle East. Families and kinship are politically privileged in most Middle Eastern states and women and men are committed to their families in Lebanon in a manner that Joseph calls the “kin contract,” a commitment reinforced by a care/control paradigm in which familial care is often enmeshed with the control by a family system organized around aged and gendered hierarchy. In the Middle East in general, Joseph argues, the citizen-subject is embedded in kinship relationships rather than being an autonomous self. The gendered nature of the citizen-subject emerges thus from the implicit and legally encoded kin contract which reinscribes patriarchal kinship with the force of state and religious institutional and practical backing. Families are regulated in turn by state and religious institutions in Middle Eastern countries, a type of mutual support that further bolsters what she calls patriarchal connectivity—the privileging of the authority of males and elders in a system in which the boundaries of selves are often fluid and focused on relationality.
Nadia Inji Khan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195375206
- eISBN:
- 9780199852307
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195375206.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Just as loving parents have their children take vaccines, loving Muslim parents instill a healthy regimen of Islam for their children, hoping to safeguard their American offspring from perceived and ...
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Just as loving parents have their children take vaccines, loving Muslim parents instill a healthy regimen of Islam for their children, hoping to safeguard their American offspring from perceived and real societal ills. This chapter investigates the various “vaccines” or burgeoning religious institutions that aim to “inoculate” young Sunni Muslim Americans with the religious background necessary to face the challenges of forming a sustainable hybrid identity. First, it looks at the various motives students may have for pursuing a religious education: whether it is for a Muslim's idea of leisure activity, the solidification of social networks, facilitating identity construction, alleviating the paucity of credible Muslim American religious scholars, or simply to know God and His will. Second, it considers models of religious education, citing specific popular institutions, their history, their organizational structure, and their target audience. It explores the physical setup of the classrooms with an eye on gender, pedagogical style, and curriculum. The chapter features models based on some of the more frequented venues cited. The institutions under consideration are generally part-time seminaries that either specifically target or attract young college-aged Muslims in the 18–24 age bracket.Less
Just as loving parents have their children take vaccines, loving Muslim parents instill a healthy regimen of Islam for their children, hoping to safeguard their American offspring from perceived and real societal ills. This chapter investigates the various “vaccines” or burgeoning religious institutions that aim to “inoculate” young Sunni Muslim Americans with the religious background necessary to face the challenges of forming a sustainable hybrid identity. First, it looks at the various motives students may have for pursuing a religious education: whether it is for a Muslim's idea of leisure activity, the solidification of social networks, facilitating identity construction, alleviating the paucity of credible Muslim American religious scholars, or simply to know God and His will. Second, it considers models of religious education, citing specific popular institutions, their history, their organizational structure, and their target audience. It explores the physical setup of the classrooms with an eye on gender, pedagogical style, and curriculum. The chapter features models based on some of the more frequented venues cited. The institutions under consideration are generally part-time seminaries that either specifically target or attract young college-aged Muslims in the 18–24 age bracket.
Robert Audi
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199609574
- eISBN:
- 9780191731822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199609574.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter explores some of the many facets of religious commitment. That commitment is not a matter of faith alone, but has volitional and other attitudinal elements. The commitment may be very ...
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This chapter explores some of the many facets of religious commitment. That commitment is not a matter of faith alone, but has volitional and other attitudinal elements. The commitment may be very deep and govern much of the person’s life, or it may be fragile and relatively shallow. It may be enhanced and guided by vital narratives and aesthetic elements, and it may be private or embedded in institutional activities such as the life of a church.Less
This chapter explores some of the many facets of religious commitment. That commitment is not a matter of faith alone, but has volitional and other attitudinal elements. The commitment may be very deep and govern much of the person’s life, or it may be fragile and relatively shallow. It may be enhanced and guided by vital narratives and aesthetic elements, and it may be private or embedded in institutional activities such as the life of a church.
Isaac M. T. Mwase
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195177282
- eISBN:
- 9780199835812
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195177282.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter recounts the development of a Baptist community in Zimbabwe, founded by Southern Baptist missionaries from the United States. Missionaries built religious institutions to support ...
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This chapter recounts the development of a Baptist community in Zimbabwe, founded by Southern Baptist missionaries from the United States. Missionaries built religious institutions to support extensive denominational work: a theological seminary, a hospital, a media center, bookstores, and schools. Following Zimbabwe’s formation out of formerly white-ruled southern Rhodesia, the Southern Baptists began to hand over the work to local leaders and began to reduce subsidies for the mission-founded institutions. Most have declined or disbanded, but Zimbabwean Baptists have struggled to sustain theological education. Debates ensued over the meaning of partnership and the problem of dependency, and a significant tension has grown in the cross-cultural relationship between the Zimbabwean and the Southern Baptist churches.Less
This chapter recounts the development of a Baptist community in Zimbabwe, founded by Southern Baptist missionaries from the United States. Missionaries built religious institutions to support extensive denominational work: a theological seminary, a hospital, a media center, bookstores, and schools. Following Zimbabwe’s formation out of formerly white-ruled southern Rhodesia, the Southern Baptists began to hand over the work to local leaders and began to reduce subsidies for the mission-founded institutions. Most have declined or disbanded, but Zimbabwean Baptists have struggled to sustain theological education. Debates ensued over the meaning of partnership and the problem of dependency, and a significant tension has grown in the cross-cultural relationship between the Zimbabwean and the Southern Baptist churches.
Denise Tse-Shang Tang
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083015
- eISBN:
- 9789882209855
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083015.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Certain spaces are often identified as of a predominantly regulatory and surveillance nature. Named commonly among informants, these everyday spaces include religious institutions, schools, and ...
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Certain spaces are often identified as of a predominantly regulatory and surveillance nature. Named commonly among informants, these everyday spaces include religious institutions, schools, and workplaces. This chapter chooses everyday spaces, such as churches, schools, and workplaces, because of their structures as established cultural institutions with both covert and overt rules, as sites with social relations and hierarchies, and as spaces full of “subjective senses and material realities” (Taylor 2007, 63). Facing homophobia and transphobia, informants in this study constructed and staged various interventions into these institutional spaces, often operating under a regulatory schema of heteronormativity. Living within and through these spatial mappings, they imagine possibilities for gender expression and express sexual desires, despite facing punishable consequences, directly or indirectly.Less
Certain spaces are often identified as of a predominantly regulatory and surveillance nature. Named commonly among informants, these everyday spaces include religious institutions, schools, and workplaces. This chapter chooses everyday spaces, such as churches, schools, and workplaces, because of their structures as established cultural institutions with both covert and overt rules, as sites with social relations and hierarchies, and as spaces full of “subjective senses and material realities” (Taylor 2007, 63). Facing homophobia and transphobia, informants in this study constructed and staged various interventions into these institutional spaces, often operating under a regulatory schema of heteronormativity. Living within and through these spatial mappings, they imagine possibilities for gender expression and express sexual desires, despite facing punishable consequences, directly or indirectly.
Richard W. Garnett
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479812370
- eISBN:
- 9781479852697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479812370.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter focuses on the institutional freedom to be accorded to religious institutions. It proposes that near the heart of anything called conservatism should be an appreciation for the place and ...
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This chapter focuses on the institutional freedom to be accorded to religious institutions. It proposes that near the heart of anything called conservatism should be an appreciation for the place and role of non-state authorities in promoting the common good and the flourishing of persons and a commitment to religious freedom for individuals and institutions alike, secured in part through constitutional limits on the powers of political authorities. The most efficient sorting device is the idea, or simply the term, “separation of church and state.” Indeed, the idea of “separation” and the image of a “wall” are near the heart of many American citizens’ and commentators’ thinking about law and religion, faith and public life, and church and state.Less
This chapter focuses on the institutional freedom to be accorded to religious institutions. It proposes that near the heart of anything called conservatism should be an appreciation for the place and role of non-state authorities in promoting the common good and the flourishing of persons and a commitment to religious freedom for individuals and institutions alike, secured in part through constitutional limits on the powers of political authorities. The most efficient sorting device is the idea, or simply the term, “separation of church and state.” Indeed, the idea of “separation” and the image of a “wall” are near the heart of many American citizens’ and commentators’ thinking about law and religion, faith and public life, and church and state.
Gregory Starrett
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520209268
- eISBN:
- 9780520919303
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520209268.003.0006
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Middle Eastern Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines the four areas where the interests of the state interact with the life cycle of the shabab. These are sexual development and marriage, the awakening of political consciousness ...
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This chapter examines the four areas where the interests of the state interact with the life cycle of the shabab. These are sexual development and marriage, the awakening of political consciousness and the start of economic activity, the development of attitudes toward official religious institutions, and the role of educational and public outreach programs. The chapter studies the stories about the transition, as they are told on the radio, the textbook, and the newspaper. It clarifies the political implications of this “mediated” Islam and introduces a religious authority that is based on the creation and use of mass literacy, which eventually destabilizes the relationship between traditional religious elites and the public and secular professionals.Less
This chapter examines the four areas where the interests of the state interact with the life cycle of the shabab. These are sexual development and marriage, the awakening of political consciousness and the start of economic activity, the development of attitudes toward official religious institutions, and the role of educational and public outreach programs. The chapter studies the stories about the transition, as they are told on the radio, the textbook, and the newspaper. It clarifies the political implications of this “mediated” Islam and introduces a religious authority that is based on the creation and use of mass literacy, which eventually destabilizes the relationship between traditional religious elites and the public and secular professionals.
Howard Wettstein
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199841363
- eISBN:
- 9780199950003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199841363.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter highlights what is perhaps most distinctive and most controversial about the approach presented in this book: the divorce between religion and metaphysics. One aspect is the idea that ...
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This chapter highlights what is perhaps most distinctive and most controversial about the approach presented in this book: the divorce between religion and metaphysics. One aspect is the idea that religious life can proceed in a way that is philosophically naïve, the pictures that the traditional texts encourage taken at face value. Another is the idea that religious conceptions not be seen as at the surface of an underlying metaphysical picture. Instead, religious institutions embody procedures for the encouragement and development of a unique sort of responsiveness, related but not reducible to ethical and aesthetic responsiveness.Less
This chapter highlights what is perhaps most distinctive and most controversial about the approach presented in this book: the divorce between religion and metaphysics. One aspect is the idea that religious life can proceed in a way that is philosophically naïve, the pictures that the traditional texts encourage taken at face value. Another is the idea that religious conceptions not be seen as at the surface of an underlying metaphysical picture. Instead, religious institutions embody procedures for the encouragement and development of a unique sort of responsiveness, related but not reducible to ethical and aesthetic responsiveness.
John Renard
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520255081
- eISBN:
- 9780520948334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520255081.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter explores outward expressions of divinely sanctioned authority and power through religious institutional connections with politics, education, and the theological implications of the ...
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This chapter explores outward expressions of divinely sanctioned authority and power through religious institutional connections with politics, education, and the theological implications of the architecture of religious institutions. Many Muslims through the centuries have treasured a notion of the ideal Umma as a perfect amalgam of religious and civil authority, and many Christians have historically resisted the threat of domination that such a notion presented. However real that threat may have been at various times, the scenario of a unitary religio-political Muslim rule presupposes several conditions that one looks for in vain in the history of Islamic political regimes. One of the first developments in institutional education was the evolution of the cathedral school, beginning at York. Historically, Muslim children with access to traditional primary curricula received solid grounding in literacy, grammar, arithmetic, and the basics of Muslim faith and practice. Architecture projects that religious institutions have symbolically-meaningful theological values, not only to members of a faith community but to outsiders as well.Less
This chapter explores outward expressions of divinely sanctioned authority and power through religious institutional connections with politics, education, and the theological implications of the architecture of religious institutions. Many Muslims through the centuries have treasured a notion of the ideal Umma as a perfect amalgam of religious and civil authority, and many Christians have historically resisted the threat of domination that such a notion presented. However real that threat may have been at various times, the scenario of a unitary religio-political Muslim rule presupposes several conditions that one looks for in vain in the history of Islamic political regimes. One of the first developments in institutional education was the evolution of the cathedral school, beginning at York. Historically, Muslim children with access to traditional primary curricula received solid grounding in literacy, grammar, arithmetic, and the basics of Muslim faith and practice. Architecture projects that religious institutions have symbolically-meaningful theological values, not only to members of a faith community but to outsiders as well.
