John E. Cort
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195132342
- eISBN:
- 9780199834112
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195132343.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Jains in the World presents a detailed fieldwork‐based study of Jainism, focusing on the Svetambar Murtipujak Jains of north Gujarat. The book explains the institutional structures that ...
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Jains in the World presents a detailed fieldwork‐based study of Jainism, focusing on the Svetambar Murtipujak Jains of north Gujarat. The book explains the institutional structures that make up Jain society and gives a comprehensive exposition of the major facets of Jain practice. Separate chapters present descriptions of temple worship and the connected Jain understandings of divinity, interactions between laity and mendicants (monks and nuns), involving both the lay gifting of food and relations based on lay devotion and mendicant grace, ascetic and dietary practices, and the many festivals and observances that make up the Jain religious year. The portrait of the Jains that emerges in this book is radically different from that found in earlier text‐based studies of the Jains. The author invokes the concept of ideology to explain why the earlier portrait has been so consistent and seemingly unchanging, and also why it differs from the lived experience of Jainism. An ideology describes the way ideologues argue that the world should be, and so serves as a powerful normative guide to both conduct and thought. Jains in the World explores the dynamic and creative interaction in Jainism between an explicit ideology of the path to liberation, with its denigration of worldly involvement, and an implicit, symbolically expressed realm of value the author terms ”well‐being” (similar to what other scholars of India have termed ”auspiciousness”), which emphasizes the worldly benefits that come from Jain practice. The book therefore advances a theory and an example of how ideologies (explicit formulations of the nature of the world and proper conduct within the world) and religious values (implicit systems of meaning that are not explicitly formulated, and therefore do not receive the same attention in either insider or outsider depictions of the tradition, but which are nonetheless central to religious self‐identity) interact within a religious tradition. While the discussion focuses on the Jains, the theoretical issues of how an explicitly enunciated religious ideology and an implicitly enunciated realm of value interact within the Jain world have theoretical implications for the broader fields of religious and cultural studies.Less
Jains in the World presents a detailed fieldwork‐based study of Jainism, focusing on the Svetambar Murtipujak Jains of north Gujarat. The book explains the institutional structures that make up Jain society and gives a comprehensive exposition of the major facets of Jain practice. Separate chapters present descriptions of temple worship and the connected Jain understandings of divinity, interactions between laity and mendicants (monks and nuns), involving both the lay gifting of food and relations based on lay devotion and mendicant grace, ascetic and dietary practices, and the many festivals and observances that make up the Jain religious year. The portrait of the Jains that emerges in this book is radically different from that found in earlier text‐based studies of the Jains. The author invokes the concept of ideology to explain why the earlier portrait has been so consistent and seemingly unchanging, and also why it differs from the lived experience of Jainism. An ideology describes the way ideologues argue that the world should be, and so serves as a powerful normative guide to both conduct and thought. Jains in the World explores the dynamic and creative interaction in Jainism between an explicit ideology of the path to liberation, with its denigration of worldly involvement, and an implicit, symbolically expressed realm of value the author terms ”well‐being” (similar to what other scholars of India have termed ”auspiciousness”), which emphasizes the worldly benefits that come from Jain practice. The book therefore advances a theory and an example of how ideologies (explicit formulations of the nature of the world and proper conduct within the world) and religious values (implicit systems of meaning that are not explicitly formulated, and therefore do not receive the same attention in either insider or outsider depictions of the tradition, but which are nonetheless central to religious self‐identity) interact within a religious tradition. While the discussion focuses on the Jains, the theoretical issues of how an explicitly enunciated religious ideology and an implicitly enunciated realm of value interact within the Jain world have theoretical implications for the broader fields of religious and cultural studies.
Andrea Rotstein
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199286270
- eISBN:
- 9780191713330
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286270.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Poetry and Poets: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter suggests that iamboi were a ‘performance framed by ritual’; that is to say, not directly playing a role in ritual, but not purely theatrical either. Accordingly, iamboi had a loose ...
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This chapter suggests that iamboi were a ‘performance framed by ritual’; that is to say, not directly playing a role in ritual, but not purely theatrical either. Accordingly, iamboi had a loose connection to their various performance contexts, with entertainment playing an important role. They could be performed and re-performed at festivals and competitions, as well as on private or semi-private occasions (such as symposia). This proposition is examined with particular attention to evidence for the performance of iamboi on occasions other than symposia, namely religious festivals and mousikoi agones.Less
This chapter suggests that iamboi were a ‘performance framed by ritual’; that is to say, not directly playing a role in ritual, but not purely theatrical either. Accordingly, iamboi had a loose connection to their various performance contexts, with entertainment playing an important role. They could be performed and re-performed at festivals and competitions, as well as on private or semi-private occasions (such as symposia). This proposition is examined with particular attention to evidence for the performance of iamboi on occasions other than symposia, namely religious festivals and mousikoi agones.
Dan-el Padilla Peralta
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780691168678
- eISBN:
- 9780691200828
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691168678.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Religions
This chapter explores the forms that Rome's festival and pilgrimage culture took as mirrored in the literary tradition. Religious festivals fabricated new molds for civic self-awareness and common ...
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This chapter explores the forms that Rome's festival and pilgrimage culture took as mirrored in the literary tradition. Religious festivals fabricated new molds for civic self-awareness and common knowledge that were then filled in by new arrivals to the mid-Republican city. By the late third century, Latins, Italians, and assorted non-Romans were making their way to Rome for ludi, in a migratory pattern that anticipated the post-Punic War influx of concern to Fannius. Social interaction at the games enhanced not only their knowledge of Roman institutions and their knowledge of one another but also their aggregative understanding of the extent to which others were becoming more knowledgeable about Roman institutions. This traffic in knowledge is part of Rome's mid-Republican state formation story.Less
This chapter explores the forms that Rome's festival and pilgrimage culture took as mirrored in the literary tradition. Religious festivals fabricated new molds for civic self-awareness and common knowledge that were then filled in by new arrivals to the mid-Republican city. By the late third century, Latins, Italians, and assorted non-Romans were making their way to Rome for ludi, in a migratory pattern that anticipated the post-Punic War influx of concern to Fannius. Social interaction at the games enhanced not only their knowledge of Roman institutions and their knowledge of one another but also their aggregative understanding of the extent to which others were becoming more knowledgeable about Roman institutions. This traffic in knowledge is part of Rome's mid-Republican state formation story.
Vincent Azoulay
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154596
- eISBN:
- 9781400851171
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154596.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter examines Pericles' personal relations with the city gods and how his career as a stratēgos illuminates the Athenians' collective relationship to all that was divine. As a reelected ...
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This chapter examines Pericles' personal relations with the city gods and how his career as a stratēgos illuminates the Athenians' collective relationship to all that was divine. As a reelected stratēgos and a persuasive orator, Pericles was the spokesman of a civic religion that was undergoing a mutation. He was engaged in various religious activities at a time when the city was introducing profound changes into its religious account of its origins—that is, autochthony—within a context of strained diplomatic relations. The chapter first considers Pericles' role in religion and politics in the context of Athenian democracy, with particular emphasis on the religious festivals supposedly instituted by him, before discussing Pericles' privileged links with several deities in the pantheon. It also explores the increase in the number of impiety trials in Pericles' time.Less
This chapter examines Pericles' personal relations with the city gods and how his career as a stratēgos illuminates the Athenians' collective relationship to all that was divine. As a reelected stratēgos and a persuasive orator, Pericles was the spokesman of a civic religion that was undergoing a mutation. He was engaged in various religious activities at a time when the city was introducing profound changes into its religious account of its origins—that is, autochthony—within a context of strained diplomatic relations. The chapter first considers Pericles' role in religion and politics in the context of Athenian democracy, with particular emphasis on the religious festivals supposedly instituted by him, before discussing Pericles' privileged links with several deities in the pantheon. It also explores the increase in the number of impiety trials in Pericles' time.
ANGELOS CHANIOTIS
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264669
- eISBN:
- 9780191753985
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264669.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter studies (primarily using epigraphic evidence) the various ways in which wars, both wars of the remote past and more recent conflicts, were present in the ritual life of Hellenistic ...
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This chapter studies (primarily using epigraphic evidence) the various ways in which wars, both wars of the remote past and more recent conflicts, were present in the ritual life of Hellenistic cities. It demonstrates the continual presence of war memories and memorials in ritual activities, exploring the diverse ways in which that presence was manifested (for example, historical anniversaries, public funerals, the graves of the war dead as places of memory, the part played by war dedications in sanctuaries, the commemoration of war in the public recitation of honorary decrees).Less
This chapter studies (primarily using epigraphic evidence) the various ways in which wars, both wars of the remote past and more recent conflicts, were present in the ritual life of Hellenistic cities. It demonstrates the continual presence of war memories and memorials in ritual activities, exploring the diverse ways in which that presence was manifested (for example, historical anniversaries, public funerals, the graves of the war dead as places of memory, the part played by war dedications in sanctuaries, the commemoration of war in the public recitation of honorary decrees).
Stuart Carroll
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199290451
- eISBN:
- 9780191710490
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199290451.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Honour was itself measurable by the honours that one had either inherited or had conferred by a superior. Ideally, honours should be commensurate with honour, so that ‘reputation is finally ...
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Honour was itself measurable by the honours that one had either inherited or had conferred by a superior. Ideally, honours should be commensurate with honour, so that ‘reputation is finally sanctified by the bestowal of honours’. Though competition for office was intense and the struggle for possession the cynosure of factional squabbling, disputes over royal office were not a priori causes of feuds. Honours were naturally sought for material reward, but to claim an office or prerogative was also to claim honour and to deny it to someone else, and thus the victor in the competition for office finds his reputation enhanced by the humiliation of the vanquished. This chapter discusses violence associated with honours and prerogatives in early modern France, hunting as a cornerstone of noble sociability, religious festivals, churches and their furnishings, liturgy as rights of lordship and rights of harmony, and death and burial.Less
Honour was itself measurable by the honours that one had either inherited or had conferred by a superior. Ideally, honours should be commensurate with honour, so that ‘reputation is finally sanctified by the bestowal of honours’. Though competition for office was intense and the struggle for possession the cynosure of factional squabbling, disputes over royal office were not a priori causes of feuds. Honours were naturally sought for material reward, but to claim an office or prerogative was also to claim honour and to deny it to someone else, and thus the victor in the competition for office finds his reputation enhanced by the humiliation of the vanquished. This chapter discusses violence associated with honours and prerogatives in early modern France, hunting as a cornerstone of noble sociability, religious festivals, churches and their furnishings, liturgy as rights of lordship and rights of harmony, and death and burial.
Anne K. Rasmussen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520255487
- eISBN:
- 9780520947429
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520255487.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter describes the religious festivals and competitions that reward and encourage Islamic performance as an act of civic duty and patriotism. It argues that with the stamp of national ...
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This chapter describes the religious festivals and competitions that reward and encourage Islamic performance as an act of civic duty and patriotism. It argues that with the stamp of national authority superimposed upon a religious system which encompasses aesthetics, ideology, and praxis, agencies of the government and institutions for religious education participate in producing Muslim information and experience, thus legislating, to some extent, both the logos and the pathos of Islam.Less
This chapter describes the religious festivals and competitions that reward and encourage Islamic performance as an act of civic duty and patriotism. It argues that with the stamp of national authority superimposed upon a religious system which encompasses aesthetics, ideology, and praxis, agencies of the government and institutions for religious education participate in producing Muslim information and experience, thus legislating, to some extent, both the logos and the pathos of Islam.
ALISON COOLEY
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264669
- eISBN:
- 9780191753985
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264669.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter examines Roman attitudes towards the commemoration of those killed on campaign. In general, there is a lack in Roman public monuments recording the names of those who died in action, but ...
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This chapter examines Roman attitudes towards the commemoration of those killed on campaign. In general, there is a lack in Roman public monuments recording the names of those who died in action, but two notable exceptions are explored here: Cicero’s proposal to commemorate the dead of the Civil War, and the monuments at Adamclissi in Dacia. The chapter goes on to discuss other ways in which war, and the casualties of war, were commemorated in Rome, in particular through the incorporation of the anniversaries of significant military events into the city’s religious calendar.Less
This chapter examines Roman attitudes towards the commemoration of those killed on campaign. In general, there is a lack in Roman public monuments recording the names of those who died in action, but two notable exceptions are explored here: Cicero’s proposal to commemorate the dead of the Civil War, and the monuments at Adamclissi in Dacia. The chapter goes on to discuss other ways in which war, and the casualties of war, were commemorated in Rome, in particular through the incorporation of the anniversaries of significant military events into the city’s religious calendar.
Joseph Bosco
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520281226
- eISBN:
- 9780520961081
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520281226.003.0006
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines four religious processions in urban Hong Kong: two celebrate the birthday of the deity Tam Kung and the other two are fire dragon processions. It begins with an overview of Hong ...
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This chapter examines four religious processions in urban Hong Kong: two celebrate the birthday of the deity Tam Kung and the other two are fire dragon processions. It begins with an overview of Hong Kong's Tam Kung temples and fire dragons, along with the place of processions in Chinese folk religion. It then explores how processions reflect Hong Kong's colonial and postcolonial history as well as the state's relationship with religion. It also considers the transformation of neighborhoods from small, isolated communities and how their history is preserved in their religious festivals. Finally, it explains how modernist ideology devalued and suppressed popular religious processions until after the 1997 handover of Hong Kong to China, when they were rediscovered as “heritage”.Less
This chapter examines four religious processions in urban Hong Kong: two celebrate the birthday of the deity Tam Kung and the other two are fire dragon processions. It begins with an overview of Hong Kong's Tam Kung temples and fire dragons, along with the place of processions in Chinese folk religion. It then explores how processions reflect Hong Kong's colonial and postcolonial history as well as the state's relationship with religion. It also considers the transformation of neighborhoods from small, isolated communities and how their history is preserved in their religious festivals. Finally, it explains how modernist ideology devalued and suppressed popular religious processions until after the 1997 handover of Hong Kong to China, when they were rediscovered as “heritage”.
Mary Beard
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748615650
- eISBN:
- 9780748650989
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Discontinued
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748615650.003.0053
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Religions
This chapter argues that one of the functions of Rome's calendar of rites – the sequence of religious festivals as they occurred throughout the year – was to define and delineate Roman power, Roman ...
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This chapter argues that one of the functions of Rome's calendar of rites – the sequence of religious festivals as they occurred throughout the year – was to define and delineate Roman power, Roman history and Roman identity; and that it did this by evoking events from different chronological periods of the Roman past and arranging them in a meaningful sequence of time; but not a sequence defined by linear, narrative, history. The chapter concerns itself principally with the practice of Roman ritual during the late Republic and early Empire; and its argument depends on taking seriously the discussions of the various festivals preserved in the writings of contemporary Romans and Greeks – men who practised or observed the rituals. All the chosen texts refer to the festival of the Parilia, which took place each year on the twenty-first of April.Less
This chapter argues that one of the functions of Rome's calendar of rites – the sequence of religious festivals as they occurred throughout the year – was to define and delineate Roman power, Roman history and Roman identity; and that it did this by evoking events from different chronological periods of the Roman past and arranging them in a meaningful sequence of time; but not a sequence defined by linear, narrative, history. The chapter concerns itself principally with the practice of Roman ritual during the late Republic and early Empire; and its argument depends on taking seriously the discussions of the various festivals preserved in the writings of contemporary Romans and Greeks – men who practised or observed the rituals. All the chosen texts refer to the festival of the Parilia, which took place each year on the twenty-first of April.
Scott Ickes
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813044781
- eISBN:
- 9780813046433
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044781.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
A close study of six major public religious festivals, including carnival, African-Brazilian Culture and Regional Identity in Bahia, Brazil, explores the cultural politics of regional identity in the ...
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A close study of six major public religious festivals, including carnival, African-Brazilian Culture and Regional Identity in Bahia, Brazil, explores the cultural politics of regional identity in the state of Bahia in northeast Brazil. The author shows how, after 1930, the festivals provided a platform for African-Bahians and their allies to re-formulate Bahian regional identity to allow for a greater degree of cultural inclusion for Bahians of African descent. The book emphasizes the agency of African-Bahians as samba, capoeira, and Candomblé ritual were performed during the festivals and describes how politicians, journalists, song writers, and public intellectuals came to celebrate African-Bahian culture as a defining feature of what it meant to be Bahian. The nature of this cultural inclusion, however, was such that, although it was an improvement on the prejudice and persecution of the 1920s, it led to very little, if any, improvement in the political and economic position of working-class people of African descent. As such, the book explores the possibilities and limitations of cross-class alliances based around cultural inclusion in a specific historical setting and the potential of cultural politics for the social inclusion of people of African descent in multi-racial, multi-cultural communities within Brazil and the African diaspora.Less
A close study of six major public religious festivals, including carnival, African-Brazilian Culture and Regional Identity in Bahia, Brazil, explores the cultural politics of regional identity in the state of Bahia in northeast Brazil. The author shows how, after 1930, the festivals provided a platform for African-Bahians and their allies to re-formulate Bahian regional identity to allow for a greater degree of cultural inclusion for Bahians of African descent. The book emphasizes the agency of African-Bahians as samba, capoeira, and Candomblé ritual were performed during the festivals and describes how politicians, journalists, song writers, and public intellectuals came to celebrate African-Bahian culture as a defining feature of what it meant to be Bahian. The nature of this cultural inclusion, however, was such that, although it was an improvement on the prejudice and persecution of the 1920s, it led to very little, if any, improvement in the political and economic position of working-class people of African descent. As such, the book explores the possibilities and limitations of cross-class alliances based around cultural inclusion in a specific historical setting and the potential of cultural politics for the social inclusion of people of African descent in multi-racial, multi-cultural communities within Brazil and the African diaspora.
Scott Ickes
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813044781
- eISBN:
- 9780813046433
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044781.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This chapter introduces the argument that African-Bahians and their allies were central players in the remaking of Bahian regional identity. This occurred mainly through the major religious festivals ...
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This chapter introduces the argument that African-Bahians and their allies were central players in the remaking of Bahian regional identity. This occurred mainly through the major religious festivals in Salvador, the capital of Bahia. The festivals provided opportunities for African-Bahians to perform their cultural practices, such as Candomblé ritual, samba, and capoeira. After 1930, politicians and journalists began to celebrate these practices as essential components of Bahian regional identity. The chapter also situates these arguments within the historical literature and elaborates on the author's argument that the process of cultural inclusion should be understood as a process of the formation of hegemony.Less
This chapter introduces the argument that African-Bahians and their allies were central players in the remaking of Bahian regional identity. This occurred mainly through the major religious festivals in Salvador, the capital of Bahia. The festivals provided opportunities for African-Bahians to perform their cultural practices, such as Candomblé ritual, samba, and capoeira. After 1930, politicians and journalists began to celebrate these practices as essential components of Bahian regional identity. The chapter also situates these arguments within the historical literature and elaborates on the author's argument that the process of cultural inclusion should be understood as a process of the formation of hegemony.
Clive D. Field
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198799474
- eISBN:
- 9780191839740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198799474.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Two of the three principal rites of passage showed significant falls during the long 1960s, the proportion of children baptized as infants (from 85 per cent in 1960 to 60 per cent in 1980), and of ...
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Two of the three principal rites of passage showed significant falls during the long 1960s, the proportion of children baptized as infants (from 85 per cent in 1960 to 60 per cent in 1980), and of marriages solemnized according to religious rites (from 73 per cent in 1957 to 51 per cent in 1980), but the Churches retained their near monopoly over funerals. The churching of women after childbirth disappeared almost entirely. Audiences for televised religious broadcasts grew absolutely but not in relation to the number of television licences and households capable of receiving Independent Television; they were also artificially boosted by the ‘God Slot’ and disproportionately comprised women, older persons, and the most religious. About one-half of adults claimed to pray regularly, but a diminishing minority read the Bible, whose authority and authenticity were increasingly doubted. Churchgoing apart, the religious observance of Christmas and Easter weakened.Less
Two of the three principal rites of passage showed significant falls during the long 1960s, the proportion of children baptized as infants (from 85 per cent in 1960 to 60 per cent in 1980), and of marriages solemnized according to religious rites (from 73 per cent in 1957 to 51 per cent in 1980), but the Churches retained their near monopoly over funerals. The churching of women after childbirth disappeared almost entirely. Audiences for televised religious broadcasts grew absolutely but not in relation to the number of television licences and households capable of receiving Independent Television; they were also artificially boosted by the ‘God Slot’ and disproportionately comprised women, older persons, and the most religious. About one-half of adults claimed to pray regularly, but a diminishing minority read the Bible, whose authority and authenticity were increasingly doubted. Churchgoing apart, the religious observance of Christmas and Easter weakened.
Scott Ickes
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813044781
- eISBN:
- 9780813046433
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044781.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This chapter argues that the Vargas era in Salvador bequeathed a legacy for the rest of the twentieth century. This legacy was the creation of a political-cultural struggle over the meaning of Bahian ...
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This chapter argues that the Vargas era in Salvador bequeathed a legacy for the rest of the twentieth century. This legacy was the creation of a political-cultural struggle over the meaning of Bahian regional identity and the degree to which Bahia would be associated with African-Bahian cultural practices. These vectors of conflict and negotiation fed into wider political contestation over what the cultural inclusion of those practices should mean for justice, discrimination, equal opportunity, and quality of life for Bahians of African descent.Less
This chapter argues that the Vargas era in Salvador bequeathed a legacy for the rest of the twentieth century. This legacy was the creation of a political-cultural struggle over the meaning of Bahian regional identity and the degree to which Bahia would be associated with African-Bahian cultural practices. These vectors of conflict and negotiation fed into wider political contestation over what the cultural inclusion of those practices should mean for justice, discrimination, equal opportunity, and quality of life for Bahians of African descent.
P.G. Walsh (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780856688546
- eISBN:
- 9781800343016
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9780856688546.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This chapter provides the commentary on Book VIII of St. Augustine's The City of God. It reviews the main thrust of Augustine's criticism that has been directed at the civic rituals that were based ...
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This chapter provides the commentary on Book VIII of St. Augustine's The City of God. It reviews the main thrust of Augustine's criticism that has been directed at the civic rituals that were based on the mythological accounts of the Graeco-Roman deities. The myths were enacted in the stage shows mounted at the religious festivals, which Augustine repeatedly emphasized are important in the pagan religious traditions. Augustine cites and condemns the portrayal of the deities as thieves, adulterers, and slaves for the demons impersonate the gods and portray them unworthily. Augustine gives notice that he will exclude from his discussion the Epicureans, who believed that gods exist but live a life of self-absorption, with no interest in the affairs of men.Less
This chapter provides the commentary on Book VIII of St. Augustine's The City of God. It reviews the main thrust of Augustine's criticism that has been directed at the civic rituals that were based on the mythological accounts of the Graeco-Roman deities. The myths were enacted in the stage shows mounted at the religious festivals, which Augustine repeatedly emphasized are important in the pagan religious traditions. Augustine cites and condemns the portrayal of the deities as thieves, adulterers, and slaves for the demons impersonate the gods and portray them unworthily. Augustine gives notice that he will exclude from his discussion the Epicureans, who believed that gods exist but live a life of self-absorption, with no interest in the affairs of men.
Robert M. Marovich
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252039102
- eISBN:
- 9780252097089
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252039102.003.0011
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter focuses on the explosion of gospel music recording in Chicago during the 1940s. One of the first Chicago gospel singers to record for an indie label in the immediate postwar period was ...
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This chapter focuses on the explosion of gospel music recording in Chicago during the 1940s. One of the first Chicago gospel singers to record for an indie label in the immediate postwar period was Brother John Sellers. Meanwhile, his mentor, Mahalia Jackson, recorded the song “Move on Up a Little Higher,” for Apollo Records. This chapter examines some of the recordings made by Chicago gospel artists for Apollo Records, including the Roberta Martin Singers' “Old Ship of Zion,” as well as those by independent Chicago-based record companies like Hy-Tone Records. It also discusses the recordings of Rev. John Branham and the St. Paul Echoes of Eden Choir, Sallie Martin, and Louis Henry Ford and the St. Paul Church of God in Christ Choir. Finally, it considers the broadcasts of the Greater Harvest Baptist Church and the Forty-Fourth Street Baptist Church; the 1948 National Baptist Music Convention held in Houston, Texas; the Argo Singers; and gospel singing during the Religious Festival of Song, part of Chicago's annual Bud Billiken Parade.Less
This chapter focuses on the explosion of gospel music recording in Chicago during the 1940s. One of the first Chicago gospel singers to record for an indie label in the immediate postwar period was Brother John Sellers. Meanwhile, his mentor, Mahalia Jackson, recorded the song “Move on Up a Little Higher,” for Apollo Records. This chapter examines some of the recordings made by Chicago gospel artists for Apollo Records, including the Roberta Martin Singers' “Old Ship of Zion,” as well as those by independent Chicago-based record companies like Hy-Tone Records. It also discusses the recordings of Rev. John Branham and the St. Paul Echoes of Eden Choir, Sallie Martin, and Louis Henry Ford and the St. Paul Church of God in Christ Choir. Finally, it considers the broadcasts of the Greater Harvest Baptist Church and the Forty-Fourth Street Baptist Church; the 1948 National Baptist Music Convention held in Houston, Texas; the Argo Singers; and gospel singing during the Religious Festival of Song, part of Chicago's annual Bud Billiken Parade.
Jon Stewart
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198829492
- eISBN:
- 9780191868030
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198829492.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Hegel notes that it has been traditional to treat Greek and Roman religion together since there seems to be a general correspondence among their divinities. But in fact, he claims, they represent two ...
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Hegel notes that it has been traditional to treat Greek and Roman religion together since there seems to be a general correspondence among their divinities. But in fact, he claims, they represent two quite different general conceptions. Since the Romans and the Greeks had such different political developments, their cultures and religions are fundamentally distinct. The Roman gods are associated with numerous fixed goals or purposes. Hegel takes this to be an important point of contrast with the Greek religion. For the Greeks, the individual gods had a variety of individual powers and characteristics, but they were never fixed to their goals or ends in a dogged way. The Greek gods can be fickle, changing their minds just as humans tend to do. But the Roman gods are one-dimensional since they are fixed on a single end and are not anything more complex than this end.Less
Hegel notes that it has been traditional to treat Greek and Roman religion together since there seems to be a general correspondence among their divinities. But in fact, he claims, they represent two quite different general conceptions. Since the Romans and the Greeks had such different political developments, their cultures and religions are fundamentally distinct. The Roman gods are associated with numerous fixed goals or purposes. Hegel takes this to be an important point of contrast with the Greek religion. For the Greeks, the individual gods had a variety of individual powers and characteristics, but they were never fixed to their goals or ends in a dogged way. The Greek gods can be fickle, changing their minds just as humans tend to do. But the Roman gods are one-dimensional since they are fixed on a single end and are not anything more complex than this end.
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853239147
- eISBN:
- 9781846313264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853239147.003.0012
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
The Inca nobles of Peru had to negotiate paradoxes, ironies, privileges, and exemptions under Spanish colonial rule. Downward mobility often took place by degrees, which was hardly applicable to ...
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The Inca nobles of Peru had to negotiate paradoxes, ironies, privileges, and exemptions under Spanish colonial rule. Downward mobility often took place by degrees, which was hardly applicable to elites who were an integral part of a ruling class. Indeed, the colonial Inca nobility's very lack of power was remarkably inconsistent with the status and prestige to which it laid claim. In the light of cultural, religious, and lexical identifications between the Inca, Santiago, Illapa, the Sun, and other symbolism on display during the great processions, such rituals seem to be much more than folklore in the minds of native Andean participants and onlookers. Whatever their political objectives, grand cultural and religious festivals and other festivities provided a principal means for the Incas of Peru to retain, maintain, and reaffirm their colonial culture and identity.Less
The Inca nobles of Peru had to negotiate paradoxes, ironies, privileges, and exemptions under Spanish colonial rule. Downward mobility often took place by degrees, which was hardly applicable to elites who were an integral part of a ruling class. Indeed, the colonial Inca nobility's very lack of power was remarkably inconsistent with the status and prestige to which it laid claim. In the light of cultural, religious, and lexical identifications between the Inca, Santiago, Illapa, the Sun, and other symbolism on display during the great processions, such rituals seem to be much more than folklore in the minds of native Andean participants and onlookers. Whatever their political objectives, grand cultural and religious festivals and other festivities provided a principal means for the Incas of Peru to retain, maintain, and reaffirm their colonial culture and identity.
Helen Watanabe-O'Kelly
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- July 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198802471
- eISBN:
- 9780191840777
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198802471.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Political History
Religion plays a central role in any monarchical system, for it is God Himself who is considered the fount of monarchical power. Imperial regimes, like monarchical ones, used religion to legitimate ...
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Religion plays a central role in any monarchical system, for it is God Himself who is considered the fount of monarchical power. Imperial regimes, like monarchical ones, used religion to legitimate as well as to project their power. This chapter discusses Franz Joseph of Austria’s Catholic piety and how Napoleon I instrumentalized religion and clashed with the pope. It analyses the Feast of the Saint-Napoleon, which Napoleon III used to project his power, and the Hohenzollerns’ presentation of themselves as the defenders of Protestantism. The renovation of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, a huge programme of church building in the Prussian lands, and Wilhelm II’s three most prestigious church projects are discussed in detail.Less
Religion plays a central role in any monarchical system, for it is God Himself who is considered the fount of monarchical power. Imperial regimes, like monarchical ones, used religion to legitimate as well as to project their power. This chapter discusses Franz Joseph of Austria’s Catholic piety and how Napoleon I instrumentalized religion and clashed with the pope. It analyses the Feast of the Saint-Napoleon, which Napoleon III used to project his power, and the Hohenzollerns’ presentation of themselves as the defenders of Protestantism. The renovation of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, a huge programme of church building in the Prussian lands, and Wilhelm II’s three most prestigious church projects are discussed in detail.
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853239147
- eISBN:
- 9781846313264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853239147.003.0011
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter examines the participation of the Inca nobility in a customary annual fiesta and procession held in honour of Our Lady of Loreto on August 22, 1692 in the Inca capital of Cuzco in Peru. ...
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This chapter examines the participation of the Inca nobility in a customary annual fiesta and procession held in honour of Our Lady of Loreto on August 22, 1692 in the Inca capital of Cuzco in Peru. Aside from the great religious festivals such as Corpus Christi and Semana Santa, such processions were a common occurrence under Spanish colonial rule. What was striking about the Loreto fiesta and procession is that it appears to have been celebrated primarily by the Inca nobles of Cuzco. This chapter considers why the Incas should have celebrated precisely under the aegis of the Virgin of Loreto, and why in August. It shows that the Loreto procession was remarkable not only for its Incan insignia, raiment, and symbolism but also for the colonial Inca nobility's apparent appropriation of the cofradía ‘format’ to celebrate an apparent symbolic gesture towards the quondam feast of Coya Raimi and the Citua rites.Less
This chapter examines the participation of the Inca nobility in a customary annual fiesta and procession held in honour of Our Lady of Loreto on August 22, 1692 in the Inca capital of Cuzco in Peru. Aside from the great religious festivals such as Corpus Christi and Semana Santa, such processions were a common occurrence under Spanish colonial rule. What was striking about the Loreto fiesta and procession is that it appears to have been celebrated primarily by the Inca nobles of Cuzco. This chapter considers why the Incas should have celebrated precisely under the aegis of the Virgin of Loreto, and why in August. It shows that the Loreto procession was remarkable not only for its Incan insignia, raiment, and symbolism but also for the colonial Inca nobility's apparent appropriation of the cofradía ‘format’ to celebrate an apparent symbolic gesture towards the quondam feast of Coya Raimi and the Citua rites.