Jason Stanley
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199288038
- eISBN:
- 9780191603679
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199288038.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
The thesis of this book is that whether or not someone knows a proposition at a given time is in part determined by his or her practical interests, i.e., by how much is at stake for that person at ...
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The thesis of this book is that whether or not someone knows a proposition at a given time is in part determined by his or her practical interests, i.e., by how much is at stake for that person at that time. Thus, whether a true belief is knowledge is not merely a matter of supporting beliefs or reliability; in the case of knowledge, practical rationality and theoretical rationality are intertwined. This thesis, called Interest-Relative Invariantism about knowledge, is defended against alternative accounts of the phenomena that motivate it, such as the claim that knowledge attributions are linguistically context-sensitive and the claim that the truth of a knowledge claim is somehow relative to the person making the claim. The strategies available for resolving skepticism to the strategies available for resolving other philosophical paradoxes are compared. For example, contextualist solutions to the sorites paradox and the liar paradox, as well as interest-relative accounts of the sorites paradox are considered. It is shown that the argument for the interest-relative character of epistemic notions is not the result of an application of a general strategy for resolving philosophical quandaries, but arises from the distinctive nature of epistemic properties.Less
The thesis of this book is that whether or not someone knows a proposition at a given time is in part determined by his or her practical interests, i.e., by how much is at stake for that person at that time. Thus, whether a true belief is knowledge is not merely a matter of supporting beliefs or reliability; in the case of knowledge, practical rationality and theoretical rationality are intertwined. This thesis, called Interest-Relative Invariantism about knowledge, is defended against alternative accounts of the phenomena that motivate it, such as the claim that knowledge attributions are linguistically context-sensitive and the claim that the truth of a knowledge claim is somehow relative to the person making the claim. The strategies available for resolving skepticism to the strategies available for resolving other philosophical paradoxes are compared. For example, contextualist solutions to the sorites paradox and the liar paradox, as well as interest-relative accounts of the sorites paradox are considered. It is shown that the argument for the interest-relative character of epistemic notions is not the result of an application of a general strategy for resolving philosophical quandaries, but arises from the distinctive nature of epistemic properties.
Mark Richard
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199239955
- eISBN:
- 9780191716881
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239955.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology, Philosophy of Language
Is the point of belief and assertion invariably to think or say something true? Is the truth of a belief or assertion absolute, or is it only relative to human interests? Most philosophers think it ...
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Is the point of belief and assertion invariably to think or say something true? Is the truth of a belief or assertion absolute, or is it only relative to human interests? Most philosophers think it incoherent to profess to believe something but not think it true, or to say that some of the things we believe are only relatively true. Common sense disagrees. It sees many opinions, such as those about matters of taste, as neither true nor false; it takes it as obvious that some of the truth is relative. This book argues that when it comes to truth, common sense is right, philosophical orthodoxy wrong. The first half of the book examines connections between the performative aspects of talk (what we do when we speak), our emotions and evaluations, and the conditions under which talk and thought qualifies as true or false. It argues that the performative and expressive sometimes trump the semantic, making truth and falsity the wrong dimension of evaluation for belief or assertion. Among the topics taken up are: racial slurs and other epithets; relations between logic and truth; the status of moral and ethical talk; vagueness, and the liar paradox. The book's second half defends the idea that much of everyday thought and talk is only relatively true or false. Truth is inevitably relative, given that we cannot work out in advance how our concepts will apply to the world. The book explains what it is for truth to be relative, rebuts standard objections to relativism, and argues that relativism is consistent with the idea that one view can be objectively better than another. The book concludes with an account of matters of taste and of how it is possible for divergent views of such matters to be equally valid, even if not true or false.Less
Is the point of belief and assertion invariably to think or say something true? Is the truth of a belief or assertion absolute, or is it only relative to human interests? Most philosophers think it incoherent to profess to believe something but not think it true, or to say that some of the things we believe are only relatively true. Common sense disagrees. It sees many opinions, such as those about matters of taste, as neither true nor false; it takes it as obvious that some of the truth is relative. This book argues that when it comes to truth, common sense is right, philosophical orthodoxy wrong. The first half of the book examines connections between the performative aspects of talk (what we do when we speak), our emotions and evaluations, and the conditions under which talk and thought qualifies as true or false. It argues that the performative and expressive sometimes trump the semantic, making truth and falsity the wrong dimension of evaluation for belief or assertion. Among the topics taken up are: racial slurs and other epithets; relations between logic and truth; the status of moral and ethical talk; vagueness, and the liar paradox. The book's second half defends the idea that much of everyday thought and talk is only relatively true or false. Truth is inevitably relative, given that we cannot work out in advance how our concepts will apply to the world. The book explains what it is for truth to be relative, rebuts standard objections to relativism, and argues that relativism is consistent with the idea that one view can be objectively better than another. The book concludes with an account of matters of taste and of how it is possible for divergent views of such matters to be equally valid, even if not true or false.
Lane Kenworthy
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199591527
- eISBN:
- 9780191731389
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199591527.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
One of the principal goals of antipoverty efforts should be to improve the absolute living standards of the least well-off. This book aims to enhance our understanding of how to do that.
One of the principal goals of antipoverty efforts should be to improve the absolute living standards of the least well-off. This book aims to enhance our understanding of how to do that.
Walker Connor
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242146
- eISBN:
- 9780191599651
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242143.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Attempts to correct a common tendency to exaggerate the impact of economic factors upon ethno‐national conflict, which stems from a theory of ‘relative economic deprivation’ holding that ...
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Attempts to correct a common tendency to exaggerate the impact of economic factors upon ethno‐national conflict, which stems from a theory of ‘relative economic deprivation’ holding that ethno‐nationalism stems from essentially economic impulse. To be sure, relative economic deprivation exists wherever ethno‐nationalist conflict is found, but so does oxygen, and mere contiguity does not imply causation. The historical evidence suggests that while relative economic deprivation can be a powerful contributory factor, the sense of relative political deprivation offers a more satisfactory explanation.Less
Attempts to correct a common tendency to exaggerate the impact of economic factors upon ethno‐national conflict, which stems from a theory of ‘relative economic deprivation’ holding that ethno‐nationalism stems from essentially economic impulse. To be sure, relative economic deprivation exists wherever ethno‐nationalist conflict is found, but so does oxygen, and mere contiguity does not imply causation. The historical evidence suggests that while relative economic deprivation can be a powerful contributory factor, the sense of relative political deprivation offers a more satisfactory explanation.
Nigel Daw
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199751617
- eISBN:
- 9780199932375
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751617.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
The human visual system consists of a system for inspecting objects, starting with the fovea in the retina, and a system for noticing which objects should be inspected, and directing the eyes to look ...
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The human visual system consists of a system for inspecting objects, starting with the fovea in the retina, and a system for noticing which objects should be inspected, and directing the eyes to look at them. In daylight, the cones are the photoreceptors used, with three types, leading to trichromatic color vision. At night, the rods are active. As the eyes move, the world appears to be stationary, which is accomplished by noticing and carrying forward a limited number of objects from one snapshot to the next. Most aspects of vision are relative—the brightness, color, motion, and depth of an object are all seen relative to the background. Finally, absence of activity in the neurons of the visual system is interpreted as continuity with the rest of the scene, so that lesions in the brain may simply not be noticed.Less
The human visual system consists of a system for inspecting objects, starting with the fovea in the retina, and a system for noticing which objects should be inspected, and directing the eyes to look at them. In daylight, the cones are the photoreceptors used, with three types, leading to trichromatic color vision. At night, the rods are active. As the eyes move, the world appears to be stationary, which is accomplished by noticing and carrying forward a limited number of objects from one snapshot to the next. Most aspects of vision are relative—the brightness, color, motion, and depth of an object are all seen relative to the background. Finally, absence of activity in the neurons of the visual system is interpreted as continuity with the rest of the scene, so that lesions in the brain may simply not be noticed.
Fred Campano and Dominick Salvatore
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195300918
- eISBN:
- 9780199783441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195300912.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter addresses some of the normative issues related to poverty. Both absolute and relative poverty are discussed as well as the more common poverty measures. The connection between the income ...
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This chapter addresses some of the normative issues related to poverty. Both absolute and relative poverty are discussed as well as the more common poverty measures. The connection between the income distribution model and the computation of the poverty measure is illustrated.Less
This chapter addresses some of the normative issues related to poverty. Both absolute and relative poverty are discussed as well as the more common poverty measures. The connection between the income distribution model and the computation of the poverty measure is illustrated.
Roger Undy
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199544943
- eISBN:
- 9780191719936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199544943.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR
Inter‐union negotiating strategies and tactics used in completing transfers are at the centre of this chapter. The framework used for analysing transfer negotiations is developed around the relative ...
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Inter‐union negotiating strategies and tactics used in completing transfers are at the centre of this chapter. The framework used for analysing transfer negotiations is developed around the relative status of the minor and major partner unions and the degree of effective merger competition. In general, minor unions achieve their main negotiating objectives. The major unions tend to make generous concessions in order to secure the transfers of what are often financially troubled minor unions.Less
Inter‐union negotiating strategies and tactics used in completing transfers are at the centre of this chapter. The framework used for analysing transfer negotiations is developed around the relative status of the minor and major partner unions and the degree of effective merger competition. In general, minor unions achieve their main negotiating objectives. The major unions tend to make generous concessions in order to secure the transfers of what are often financially troubled minor unions.
Péter Róbert and Erzsébet Bukodi
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199258451
- eISBN:
- 9780191601491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199258457.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Investigates temporal changes in Hungarian mobility patterns. Large-scale data sets of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, collected between 1973 and 2000 are used for this purpose. In addition ...
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Investigates temporal changes in Hungarian mobility patterns. Large-scale data sets of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, collected between 1973 and 2000 are used for this purpose. In addition to descriptive statistics, log-linear and log-multiplicative models are fitted to the data in order to investigate trends of temporal changes. Descriptive results indicate that the restructuring of the class distribution slowed down in the 1980s in comparison to the 1970s but it increased again in the 1990s. Observed mobility rates turned out to be relatively high but data does not indicate an increase in the openness of the Hungarian society. For relative mobility rates, the hypothesis of constant social fluidity cannot be rejected for Hungary. Though an increase in social fluidity did occur between 1973 and 1983, it levelled off between 1983 and 1992, and it reversed between 1992 and 2000.Less
Investigates temporal changes in Hungarian mobility patterns. Large-scale data sets of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, collected between 1973 and 2000 are used for this purpose. In addition to descriptive statistics, log-linear and log-multiplicative models are fitted to the data in order to investigate trends of temporal changes. Descriptive results indicate that the restructuring of the class distribution slowed down in the 1980s in comparison to the 1970s but it increased again in the 1990s. Observed mobility rates turned out to be relatively high but data does not indicate an increase in the openness of the Hungarian society. For relative mobility rates, the hypothesis of constant social fluidity cannot be rejected for Hungary. Though an increase in social fluidity did occur between 1973 and 1983, it levelled off between 1983 and 1992, and it reversed between 1992 and 2000.
Kathleen Segerson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195189650
- eISBN:
- 9780199783694
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189650.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This essay focuses on the deterrence effect of liability, recognizing that the motivation for imposition of liability (particularly retroactive imposition) may instead be victim compensation or ...
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This essay focuses on the deterrence effect of liability, recognizing that the motivation for imposition of liability (particularly retroactive imposition) may instead be victim compensation or corrective justice. It evaluates what is known about whether liability creates an effective market for environmental goods and services. It provides an overview of the issues regarding the impact of liability that have been addressed in the theoretical literature to identify key conditions or factors that can be expected to influence the effectiveness of liability as a policy tool. It then turns to a well-known and controversial example of the imposition of liability-liability under CERCLA, to demonstrate the role of some of these factors in a specific policy context. Finally, it looks more generally at the empirical literature that exists to see what, if anything, it suggests about the effectiveness of pricing environmental services through the use of liability.Less
This essay focuses on the deterrence effect of liability, recognizing that the motivation for imposition of liability (particularly retroactive imposition) may instead be victim compensation or corrective justice. It evaluates what is known about whether liability creates an effective market for environmental goods and services. It provides an overview of the issues regarding the impact of liability that have been addressed in the theoretical literature to identify key conditions or factors that can be expected to influence the effectiveness of liability as a policy tool. It then turns to a well-known and controversial example of the imposition of liability-liability under CERCLA, to demonstrate the role of some of these factors in a specific policy context. Finally, it looks more generally at the empirical literature that exists to see what, if anything, it suggests about the effectiveness of pricing environmental services through the use of liability.
John V. Kulvicki
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199290758
- eISBN:
- 9780191604010
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019929075X.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
This chapter reviews Nelson Goodman’s proposals concerning depiction, identifies problems with them, and suggests how they can be overcome without appealing to a perceptual account of pictorial ...
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This chapter reviews Nelson Goodman’s proposals concerning depiction, identifies problems with them, and suggests how they can be overcome without appealing to a perceptual account of pictorial representation. Goodman’s proposal is that all pictorial systems are relatively replete, syntactically dense, and semantically dense. This is problematic because repleteness is not as well-defined as it should be, and density requires that pictures be analog representations, while many seem to be digital. These conditions were never meant to be sufficient for a system to be pictorial, but the problem is that they seem to be unnecessary as well.Less
This chapter reviews Nelson Goodman’s proposals concerning depiction, identifies problems with them, and suggests how they can be overcome without appealing to a perceptual account of pictorial representation. Goodman’s proposal is that all pictorial systems are relatively replete, syntactically dense, and semantically dense. This is problematic because repleteness is not as well-defined as it should be, and density requires that pictures be analog representations, while many seem to be digital. These conditions were never meant to be sufficient for a system to be pictorial, but the problem is that they seem to be unnecessary as well.
John V. Kulvicki
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199290758
- eISBN:
- 9780191604010
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019929075X.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
With the worries about Goodman on the table, this chapter introduces an alternative set of conditions: a modified form of Goodman’s relative repleteness, syntactic sensitivity, and semantic richness. ...
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With the worries about Goodman on the table, this chapter introduces an alternative set of conditions: a modified form of Goodman’s relative repleteness, syntactic sensitivity, and semantic richness. These three are necessary for a representational system to be pictorial and they make no reference to the perception of pictures, but they are not sufficient for a representational system to be pictorial. They accommodate digital pictures comfortably, but are much too broad to capture what makes pictures pictures.Less
With the worries about Goodman on the table, this chapter introduces an alternative set of conditions: a modified form of Goodman’s relative repleteness, syntactic sensitivity, and semantic richness. These three are necessary for a representational system to be pictorial and they make no reference to the perception of pictures, but they are not sufficient for a representational system to be pictorial. They accommodate digital pictures comfortably, but are much too broad to capture what makes pictures pictures.
Lynne Dale Halamish and Doron Hermoni
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195325379
- eISBN:
- 9780199999811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325379.003.0002
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter discusses ways to handle children dealing with the impending death of a relative, describing the case of three-year-old Sachar, who visited her grandmother who had already lost ...
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This chapter discusses ways to handle children dealing with the impending death of a relative, describing the case of three-year-old Sachar, who visited her grandmother who had already lost consciousness. It suggests that children, like adults, should be a part of the dying process of their close relatives, and also highlights the importance of allowing children to have the opportunity to say goodbye to dying relatives in a comfortable way.Less
This chapter discusses ways to handle children dealing with the impending death of a relative, describing the case of three-year-old Sachar, who visited her grandmother who had already lost consciousness. It suggests that children, like adults, should be a part of the dying process of their close relatives, and also highlights the importance of allowing children to have the opportunity to say goodbye to dying relatives in a comfortable way.
Lynne Dale Halamish and Doron Hermoni
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195325379
- eISBN:
- 9780199999811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325379.003.0005
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter discusses the experience of a South American native, Sarah, in growing and living a normal life after trauma. It describes how Sarah handled the death of relatives who died when she was ...
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This chapter discusses the experience of a South American native, Sarah, in growing and living a normal life after trauma. It describes how Sarah handled the death of relatives who died when she was living abroad in another country, explaining that when there is no opportunity for separation before a death, it is possible to effect a separation after the death, for example, through a letter.Less
This chapter discusses the experience of a South American native, Sarah, in growing and living a normal life after trauma. It describes how Sarah handled the death of relatives who died when she was living abroad in another country, explaining that when there is no opportunity for separation before a death, it is possible to effect a separation after the death, for example, through a letter.
Harold D. Clarke, David Sanders, Marianne C. Stewart, and Paul Whiteley
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199244881
- eISBN:
- 9780191601521
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924488X.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Uses confirmatory factor analysis to locate electoral participation in a broader matrix of political activities, and presents alternative theoretical models that might be used to explain the decline ...
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Uses confirmatory factor analysis to locate electoral participation in a broader matrix of political activities, and presents alternative theoretical models that might be used to explain the decline in electoral turnout in Britain and other mature democracies. The relative deprivation or equity-fairness model stresses the gap between what an individual expects and what s/he gets out of life. The civic voluntarism model focuses on the resources that individuals bring to bear on the decision to vote or not and the mobilization efforts that are made by other actors. The social capital model emphasizes social trust and the individual’s involvement with social organizations. The cognitive mobilization model highlights the role of political interest, political knowledge, and media usage. Finally, the general incentives model supplements a broadly defined Downsian-style cost-benefit analysis with variables that take account of a variety of other incentives, such as ‘doing one’s democratic duty’.Less
Uses confirmatory factor analysis to locate electoral participation in a broader matrix of political activities, and presents alternative theoretical models that might be used to explain the decline in electoral turnout in Britain and other mature democracies. The relative deprivation or equity-fairness model stresses the gap between what an individual expects and what s/he gets out of life. The civic voluntarism model focuses on the resources that individuals bring to bear on the decision to vote or not and the mobilization efforts that are made by other actors. The social capital model emphasizes social trust and the individual’s involvement with social organizations. The cognitive mobilization model highlights the role of political interest, political knowledge, and media usage. Finally, the general incentives model supplements a broadly defined Downsian-style cost-benefit analysis with variables that take account of a variety of other incentives, such as ‘doing one’s democratic duty’.
Sarah Harper
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199251162
- eISBN:
- 9780191602740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199251169.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter examines the availability and supportive functions of extended kin relationships in later life, drawing on the results of the Berlin Ageing study. It is shown that in addition to close ...
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This chapter examines the availability and supportive functions of extended kin relationships in later life, drawing on the results of the Berlin Ageing study. It is shown that in addition to close family, distant relatives are an important resource of social functioning in later life. Extended kinship activation is associated with reduced risk of loneliness, regardless of whether relatives were involved in specific functional transactions.Less
This chapter examines the availability and supportive functions of extended kin relationships in later life, drawing on the results of the Berlin Ageing study. It is shown that in addition to close family, distant relatives are an important resource of social functioning in later life. Extended kinship activation is associated with reduced risk of loneliness, regardless of whether relatives were involved in specific functional transactions.
D.N.S. BHAT
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199230242
- eISBN:
- 9780191710124
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199230242.003.0012
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics
This chapter provides a summary of the major conclusions of the book, namely (i) using the distinction between personal pronouns and proforms for providing a satisfactory definition for the words ...
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This chapter provides a summary of the major conclusions of the book, namely (i) using the distinction between personal pronouns and proforms for providing a satisfactory definition for the words that are traditionally included under the category of ‘pronouns’; (ii) establishing a distinction between plurality and conjunction in order to account for some of the idiosyncratic characteristics of non-singular personal pronouns; (iii) using a distinction between semantic and pragmatic identifications for resolving certain problems concerning definiteness and referentiality; and (iv) resolving the puzzle concerning the affinity between indefinite, interrogative, and relative proforms by regarding constituent questions of many languages as not containing an interrogative proform.Less
This chapter provides a summary of the major conclusions of the book, namely (i) using the distinction between personal pronouns and proforms for providing a satisfactory definition for the words that are traditionally included under the category of ‘pronouns’; (ii) establishing a distinction between plurality and conjunction in order to account for some of the idiosyncratic characteristics of non-singular personal pronouns; (iii) using a distinction between semantic and pragmatic identifications for resolving certain problems concerning definiteness and referentiality; and (iv) resolving the puzzle concerning the affinity between indefinite, interrogative, and relative proforms by regarding constituent questions of many languages as not containing an interrogative proform.
Jason Stanley
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199288038
- eISBN:
- 9780191603679
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199288038.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter explains and develops a version of Interest-Relative Invariantism about knowledge, according to which whether or not someone knows that p at a certain time depends in part on what is at ...
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This chapter explains and develops a version of Interest-Relative Invariantism about knowledge, according to which whether or not someone knows that p at a certain time depends in part on what is at stake for them in being right about p at that time.Less
This chapter explains and develops a version of Interest-Relative Invariantism about knowledge, according to which whether or not someone knows that p at a certain time depends in part on what is at stake for them in being right about p at that time.
Jason Stanley
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199288038
- eISBN:
- 9780191603679
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199288038.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter is devoted to a thorough-going comparison of Interest-Relativism Invariantism and contextualism. It argues that the contextualist is committed to a worse error-theory than the advocate ...
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This chapter is devoted to a thorough-going comparison of Interest-Relativism Invariantism and contextualism. It argues that the contextualist is committed to a worse error-theory than the advocate of Interest-Relativism Invariantism. It concludes by arguing that neither contextualism nor Interest-Relative Invariantism helps with the problem of skepticism.Less
This chapter is devoted to a thorough-going comparison of Interest-Relativism Invariantism and contextualism. It argues that the contextualist is committed to a worse error-theory than the advocate of Interest-Relativism Invariantism. It concludes by arguing that neither contextualism nor Interest-Relative Invariantism helps with the problem of skepticism.
Jason Stanley
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199288038
- eISBN:
- 9780191603679
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199288038.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Relativism about knowledge-attributions is the thesis that knowledge attributions express propositions the truth of which is relative to a judge. On this view, a knowledge attribution may express a ...
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Relativism about knowledge-attributions is the thesis that knowledge attributions express propositions the truth of which is relative to a judge. On this view, a knowledge attribution may express a proposition that is true for one judge, and false for another. This chapter explains and criticizes various versions of relativism about knowledge attributions.Less
Relativism about knowledge-attributions is the thesis that knowledge attributions express propositions the truth of which is relative to a judge. On this view, a knowledge attribution may express a proposition that is true for one judge, and false for another. This chapter explains and criticizes various versions of relativism about knowledge attributions.
Jason Stanley
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199288038
- eISBN:
- 9780191603679
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199288038.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter discusses contextualist and interest-relative accounts of the sorites paradox and the Liar Paradox. It concludes that a pure interest-relative account is completely untenable for such ...
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This chapter discusses contextualist and interest-relative accounts of the sorites paradox and the Liar Paradox. It concludes that a pure interest-relative account is completely untenable for such cases. Thus, Interest-Relative Invariantism is plausible in the epistemic case only because of specific features of epistemic notions.Less
This chapter discusses contextualist and interest-relative accounts of the sorites paradox and the Liar Paradox. It concludes that a pure interest-relative account is completely untenable for such cases. Thus, Interest-Relative Invariantism is plausible in the epistemic case only because of specific features of epistemic notions.
