Debbora Battaglia (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520087989
- eISBN:
- 9780520915251
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520087989.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
Departing from an essentialist concept of the self, this book advances the cross-cultural study of selfhood with three contributions to the literature: First, it approaches the self as an ideological ...
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Departing from an essentialist concept of the self, this book advances the cross-cultural study of selfhood with three contributions to the literature: First, it approaches the self as an ideological process, arguing that selfhood is culturally situated and emergent in social practices of persuasion. Second, it demonstrates how postmodernity problematizes the experience and concept of the self. Finally, the book challenges the pervasive practice of equating an individuated self with the Western world and a relational self with the non-Western world. Contributions cover a broad range of topics—from the development of the eccentric self to the ritual circumcision of Jewish males.Less
Departing from an essentialist concept of the self, this book advances the cross-cultural study of selfhood with three contributions to the literature: First, it approaches the self as an ideological process, arguing that selfhood is culturally situated and emergent in social practices of persuasion. Second, it demonstrates how postmodernity problematizes the experience and concept of the self. Finally, the book challenges the pervasive practice of equating an individuated self with the Western world and a relational self with the non-Western world. Contributions cover a broad range of topics—from the development of the eccentric self to the ritual circumcision of Jewish males.
Ash Amin and Joanne Roberts (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199545490
- eISBN:
- 9780191720093
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199545490.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Knowledge Management
It has long been an interest of researchers in economics, sociology, organization studies, and economic geography to understand how firms innovate. Most recently, this interest has begun to examine ...
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It has long been an interest of researchers in economics, sociology, organization studies, and economic geography to understand how firms innovate. Most recently, this interest has begun to examine the micro-processes of work and organization that sustain social creativity, emphasizing the learning and knowing through action when social actors and technologies come together in ‘communities of practice’; everyday interactions of common purpose and mutual obligation. These communities are said to spark both incremental and radical innovation. This book examines the concept of communities of practice and its applications in different spatial, organizational, and creative settings. Chapters examine the development of the concept, the link between situated practice and different types of creative outcome, the interface between spatial and relational proximity, and the organizational demands of learning and knowing through communities of practice. More widely, the chapters examine the compatibility between markets, knowledge capitalism, and community; seemingly in conflict with each other, but discursively not.Less
It has long been an interest of researchers in economics, sociology, organization studies, and economic geography to understand how firms innovate. Most recently, this interest has begun to examine the micro-processes of work and organization that sustain social creativity, emphasizing the learning and knowing through action when social actors and technologies come together in ‘communities of practice’; everyday interactions of common purpose and mutual obligation. These communities are said to spark both incremental and radical innovation. This book examines the concept of communities of practice and its applications in different spatial, organizational, and creative settings. Chapters examine the development of the concept, the link between situated practice and different types of creative outcome, the interface between spatial and relational proximity, and the organizational demands of learning and knowing through communities of practice. More widely, the chapters examine the compatibility between markets, knowledge capitalism, and community; seemingly in conflict with each other, but discursively not.
Claus Nielsen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199593859
- eISBN:
- 9780191731457
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199593859.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter considers the different methodologies grounding the justification of cosmopolitan principles and shows that they are affected by significant difficulties. It distinguishes between two ...
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This chapter considers the different methodologies grounding the justification of cosmopolitan principles and shows that they are affected by significant difficulties. It distinguishes between two forms of cosmopolitanism: relational and non-relational. Proponents of the former problematically ground their defence of global egalitarian justice on the empirically dubious claim that there exists a basic global structure much like the basic structure of domestic societies. Proponents of the latter fail to offer a convincing defence of global equality because they give excessive weight to intuitions about highly counterfactual scenarios, which should be largely discounted when designing a theory of justice for the world we live in. Because both relational and non-relational cosmopolitans’ defence of global egalitarian justice rests on shaky grounds – either dubious empirical claims or unreliable moral intuitions – the chapter concludes that neither is vindicated.Less
This chapter considers the different methodologies grounding the justification of cosmopolitan principles and shows that they are affected by significant difficulties. It distinguishes between two forms of cosmopolitanism: relational and non-relational. Proponents of the former problematically ground their defence of global egalitarian justice on the empirically dubious claim that there exists a basic global structure much like the basic structure of domestic societies. Proponents of the latter fail to offer a convincing defence of global equality because they give excessive weight to intuitions about highly counterfactual scenarios, which should be largely discounted when designing a theory of justice for the world we live in. Because both relational and non-relational cosmopolitans’ defence of global egalitarian justice rests on shaky grounds – either dubious empirical claims or unreliable moral intuitions – the chapter concludes that neither is vindicated.
Rory Fox
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199285754
- eISBN:
- 9780191603563
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199285756.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter examines 13th century views about temporal relations. It shows that although medieval thinkers used differently nuanced terminology, a broadly shared approach to a theory of relations ...
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This chapter examines 13th century views about temporal relations. It shows that although medieval thinkers used differently nuanced terminology, a broadly shared approach to a theory of relations became apparent. Application of this theory of relations to the case of time generated serious difficulties. Relations were considered by 13th century thinkers to be accidents, thus temporal relations needed a substance in which to inhere. This substance was considered by many to be the Primum Mobile, but such an identification was problematic even within the framework of medieval thought.Less
This chapter examines 13th century views about temporal relations. It shows that although medieval thinkers used differently nuanced terminology, a broadly shared approach to a theory of relations became apparent. Application of this theory of relations to the case of time generated serious difficulties. Relations were considered by 13th century thinkers to be accidents, thus temporal relations needed a substance in which to inhere. This substance was considered by many to be the Primum Mobile, but such an identification was problematic even within the framework of medieval thought.
BOB JESSOP
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199259250
- eISBN:
- 9780191600968
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259259.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Bob Jessop seeks to criticize the ‘principal theoretical approaches to EU government and/or governance from the viewpoint of a strategic‐relational approach to the state’. In particular, Jessop ...
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Bob Jessop seeks to criticize the ‘principal theoretical approaches to EU government and/or governance from the viewpoint of a strategic‐relational approach to the state’. In particular, Jessop considers the rival approaches for understanding multi‐level governance in the EU that can be conceptualized as ‘state‐centric’ and ‘simple governance’ perspectives. The failure of these approaches leads him to propose an alternative account ‘in terms of the strategic selectivity of the state as a social relation, issues of governance failure, meta governance, and meta governance failure’. From this critique, Jessop suggests that what we are perhaps witnessing is the ‘re‐scaling of the sovereign state or the emergence of just one more arena in which national states pursue national interests’.Less
Bob Jessop seeks to criticize the ‘principal theoretical approaches to EU government and/or governance from the viewpoint of a strategic‐relational approach to the state’. In particular, Jessop considers the rival approaches for understanding multi‐level governance in the EU that can be conceptualized as ‘state‐centric’ and ‘simple governance’ perspectives. The failure of these approaches leads him to propose an alternative account ‘in terms of the strategic selectivity of the state as a social relation, issues of governance failure, meta governance, and meta governance failure’. From this critique, Jessop suggests that what we are perhaps witnessing is the ‘re‐scaling of the sovereign state or the emergence of just one more arena in which national states pursue national interests’.
Meric S. Gertler
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199545490
- eISBN:
- 9780191720093
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199545490.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Knowledge Management
The geographical literature on communities of practice suggests that geographical proximity should not be confused with relational proximity, and that the latter is more important in determining how ...
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The geographical literature on communities of practice suggests that geographical proximity should not be confused with relational proximity, and that the latter is more important in determining how easily specialized knowledge can be jointly produced and shared through distributed innovation processes. However, the existing body of work has not specified the critical determinants of relational proximity, and the conditions under which we should expect it to be achieved effectively at a distance. This chapter reviews recent findings from a number of case studies in which distributed teams participating in joint problem-solving projects have attempted to engage in long-distance learning and knowledge translation, with varying degrees of success. Effective distanciated learning is shown to depend on the degree of social affinity between economic actors, and this affinity is comprised of several different dimensions: linguistic, educational, experiential, occupational, organizational, industrial, and institutional. The frictional effects of distance are also shown to depend on the types of knowledge supporting innovation in each case, with synthetic and symbolic forms of knowledge the least amenable to distanciated learning.Less
The geographical literature on communities of practice suggests that geographical proximity should not be confused with relational proximity, and that the latter is more important in determining how easily specialized knowledge can be jointly produced and shared through distributed innovation processes. However, the existing body of work has not specified the critical determinants of relational proximity, and the conditions under which we should expect it to be achieved effectively at a distance. This chapter reviews recent findings from a number of case studies in which distributed teams participating in joint problem-solving projects have attempted to engage in long-distance learning and knowledge translation, with varying degrees of success. Effective distanciated learning is shown to depend on the degree of social affinity between economic actors, and this affinity is comprised of several different dimensions: linguistic, educational, experiential, occupational, organizational, industrial, and institutional. The frictional effects of distance are also shown to depend on the types of knowledge supporting innovation in each case, with synthetic and symbolic forms of knowledge the least amenable to distanciated learning.
Christopher Hood, Colin Scott, Oliver James, George Jones, and Tony Travers
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198280996
- eISBN:
- 9780191599491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198280998.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Explores three interrelated themes: the tools and approaches regulators used to do their job; the extent to which regulation of government resembled regulation of business; and the extent to which ...
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Explores three interrelated themes: the tools and approaches regulators used to do their job; the extent to which regulation of government resembled regulation of business; and the extent to which regulatory behaviour and style were linked to the relational distance between the regulators and those they regulate. It argues that while there is no single style of regulation in government, the tools and approaches used by the regulators cut across the different institutional forms taken by the regulators.Less
Explores three interrelated themes: the tools and approaches regulators used to do their job; the extent to which regulation of government resembled regulation of business; and the extent to which regulatory behaviour and style were linked to the relational distance between the regulators and those they regulate. It argues that while there is no single style of regulation in government, the tools and approaches used by the regulators cut across the different institutional forms taken by the regulators.
Douglas E. Cowan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195177299
- eISBN:
- 9780199785537
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195177299.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter considers NRMs and the Internet from two broad perspectives: (a) new religions on the Web, and (b) the Internet as both a pedagogical tool for teaching about NRMS and a sociological or ...
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This chapter considers NRMs and the Internet from two broad perspectives: (a) new religions on the Web, and (b) the Internet as both a pedagogical tool for teaching about NRMS and a sociological or anthropological research site for the study of NRMs. In terms of the Internet as a research site, the chapter offers some suggestions for the exploration online discussion forums as evidence (or not) of emergent electronic communities. It concludes with a discussion of the Internet as one component in a responsible research and teaching agenda, and suggestions for teaching students how to employ the World Wide Web usefully and responsibly.Less
This chapter considers NRMs and the Internet from two broad perspectives: (a) new religions on the Web, and (b) the Internet as both a pedagogical tool for teaching about NRMS and a sociological or anthropological research site for the study of NRMs. In terms of the Internet as a research site, the chapter offers some suggestions for the exploration online discussion forums as evidence (or not) of emergent electronic communities. It concludes with a discussion of the Internet as one component in a responsible research and teaching agenda, and suggestions for teaching students how to employ the World Wide Web usefully and responsibly.
Peter H. Schuck
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292296
- eISBN:
- 9780191599569
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292295.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter analyses the reasons behind increasing debates on the issue of American citizenship. It is argued that the intensity of these debates reflects the tensions arising within and among three ...
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This chapter analyses the reasons behind increasing debates on the issue of American citizenship. It is argued that the intensity of these debates reflects the tensions arising within and among three analytically distinct relational domains: international law and politics, national politics, and federalism. Observations are presented on the theory of “post-national citizenship”.Less
This chapter analyses the reasons behind increasing debates on the issue of American citizenship. It is argued that the intensity of these debates reflects the tensions arising within and among three analytically distinct relational domains: international law and politics, national politics, and federalism. Observations are presented on the theory of “post-national citizenship”.
Nikolas Gisborne
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199577798
- eISBN:
- 9780191722417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577798.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter presents the main salient features of Word Grammar. Word Grammar is a formal theory in the cognitive framework which eschews phrase structure, and which treats language as a network. The ...
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This chapter presents the main salient features of Word Grammar. Word Grammar is a formal theory in the cognitive framework which eschews phrase structure, and which treats language as a network. The chapter begins with a chapter of reference in cognitive theories; moves on to an account of syntactic and semantic composition; explores default inheritance which is the formal aspect of Word Grammar; discusses argument linking, dependency types, and predicate types. The chapter ends with a discussion of some of the theoretical consequences of the Word Grammar position, and an account of what is forthcoming. The section on inheritance is the longest in the chapter, and it discusses some of the consequences of the WG treatment of inheritance for other topics that come up in the book such as polysemy and the question of whether syntax and semantics are discrete systems.Less
This chapter presents the main salient features of Word Grammar. Word Grammar is a formal theory in the cognitive framework which eschews phrase structure, and which treats language as a network. The chapter begins with a chapter of reference in cognitive theories; moves on to an account of syntactic and semantic composition; explores default inheritance which is the formal aspect of Word Grammar; discusses argument linking, dependency types, and predicate types. The chapter ends with a discussion of some of the theoretical consequences of the Word Grammar position, and an account of what is forthcoming. The section on inheritance is the longest in the chapter, and it discusses some of the consequences of the WG treatment of inheritance for other topics that come up in the book such as polysemy and the question of whether syntax and semantics are discrete systems.
Kenneth J. Gergen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199594566
- eISBN:
- 9780191595721
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199594566.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
The shift in focus from entities to process in organizational theory is both theoretically challenging and rich in potential. In this chapter I first consider two major challenges to the traditional ...
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The shift in focus from entities to process in organizational theory is both theoretically challenging and rich in potential. In this chapter I first consider two major challenges to the traditional science of organizations, including a shift from research devoted to establishing empirically based covering laws to a science invested in generating futures through participatory practices. I then consider a theoretical orientation to process, one that illuminates the collaborative or co‐active constitution of what we take to be entities, and the ongoing process required to sustain a world of independent events or actions. Finally, with this emphasis on co‐active process in place, I take up the possibility of understanding organizational activity in terms of confluence theory. The latter emphasizes wholistic collations of co‐constituting “entities” that are in motion across time. Such an orientation to understanding invites the scholar to engage in future building activities that are sensitized to the protean potentials for organizational re‐constitution.Less
The shift in focus from entities to process in organizational theory is both theoretically challenging and rich in potential. In this chapter I first consider two major challenges to the traditional science of organizations, including a shift from research devoted to establishing empirically based covering laws to a science invested in generating futures through participatory practices. I then consider a theoretical orientation to process, one that illuminates the collaborative or co‐active constitution of what we take to be entities, and the ongoing process required to sustain a world of independent events or actions. Finally, with this emphasis on co‐active process in place, I take up the possibility of understanding organizational activity in terms of confluence theory. The latter emphasizes wholistic collations of co‐constituting “entities” that are in motion across time. Such an orientation to understanding invites the scholar to engage in future building activities that are sensitized to the protean potentials for organizational re‐constitution.
John Shotter
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199594566
- eISBN:
- 9780191595721
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199594566.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
What is involved in our adopting a process orientation, in practice, rather than just talking about it in theory? Below, I explore some of the difficulties involved in terms of Wittgenstein's (1980) ...
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What is involved in our adopting a process orientation, in practice, rather than just talking about it in theory? Below, I explore some of the difficulties involved in terms of Wittgenstein's (1980) distinction between difficulties of the intellect—difficulties that can be solved by rational thought—and those of the will—which require our coming to embody new ways of relating or orienting ourselves towards events happening in our surroundings. So although I begin by examining what both Whitehead (1925/1975; 1929/1978) and Bergson (1911) had to say about a process orientation, in theory, now, after Wittgenstein's (1953, 1969) emphasis on the fact that our utterances can only take on determinate meanings within the confines of a “language‐game,” I argue that our talk of various entities can only take on a determinate meaning within a particular language‐entwined practice, and will remain indeterminate outside such practices. And straightaway, in situating us within the realm of practice and practices, this requirement re‐orients us toward the importance of poetic forms of talk, utterances which can “touch” us and “move” us towards adopting expectations and anticipations relevant to going out to meet events happening around us with the right kind of embodied responses, at the ready, so to speak.Less
What is involved in our adopting a process orientation, in practice, rather than just talking about it in theory? Below, I explore some of the difficulties involved in terms of Wittgenstein's (1980) distinction between difficulties of the intellect—difficulties that can be solved by rational thought—and those of the will—which require our coming to embody new ways of relating or orienting ourselves towards events happening in our surroundings. So although I begin by examining what both Whitehead (1925/1975; 1929/1978) and Bergson (1911) had to say about a process orientation, in theory, now, after Wittgenstein's (1953, 1969) emphasis on the fact that our utterances can only take on determinate meanings within the confines of a “language‐game,” I argue that our talk of various entities can only take on a determinate meaning within a particular language‐entwined practice, and will remain indeterminate outside such practices. And straightaway, in situating us within the realm of practice and practices, this requirement re‐orients us toward the importance of poetic forms of talk, utterances which can “touch” us and “move” us towards adopting expectations and anticipations relevant to going out to meet events happening around us with the right kind of embodied responses, at the ready, so to speak.
Alec Stone Sweet
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780198297710
- eISBN:
- 9780191601095
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297718.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Focuses on how and why parliamentary systems of governance have accommodated constitutional review. The American and European models of constitutional review are contrasted, and the history, ...
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Focuses on how and why parliamentary systems of governance have accommodated constitutional review. The American and European models of constitutional review are contrasted, and the history, structure, and function of European constitutional courts are surveyed. The necessity of review in defending human rights and its conceptualization as a means of completing the constitution over time are found to be particularly important across these cases, but factors explaining the variance in the judicialization of European law‐making are also identified. The chapter ends with a discussion of the main determinants of European constitutional politics.Less
Focuses on how and why parliamentary systems of governance have accommodated constitutional review. The American and European models of constitutional review are contrasted, and the history, structure, and function of European constitutional courts are surveyed. The necessity of review in defending human rights and its conceptualization as a means of completing the constitution over time are found to be particularly important across these cases, but factors explaining the variance in the judicialization of European law‐making are also identified. The chapter ends with a discussion of the main determinants of European constitutional politics.
Gary Herrigel
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199557738
- eISBN:
- 9780191720871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557738.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
Chapter introduces the problem of vertical disintegration, outlining the basic competitive dynamics that give rise to it. A five fold typology of supplier-customer relations is presented: arms ...
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Chapter introduces the problem of vertical disintegration, outlining the basic competitive dynamics that give rise to it. A five fold typology of supplier-customer relations is presented: arms length, captured, modular, relational contracts and sustained contingent collaboration. Sustained contingent collaboration is the modal relation in the current historical environment. The range of supplier strategies and public policies that are emerging to cope with sustained contingent collaboration are extensively discussed.Less
Chapter introduces the problem of vertical disintegration, outlining the basic competitive dynamics that give rise to it. A five fold typology of supplier-customer relations is presented: arms length, captured, modular, relational contracts and sustained contingent collaboration. Sustained contingent collaboration is the modal relation in the current historical environment. The range of supplier strategies and public policies that are emerging to cope with sustained contingent collaboration are extensively discussed.
Siegwart Lindenberg
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199269761
- eISBN:
- 9780191710087
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199269761.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability
This chapter uses the cognitive psychology notion of ‘framing’ to highlight how profitable cooperation can benefit from a partial suspension of a gain frame. It argues that even when interests are ...
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This chapter uses the cognitive psychology notion of ‘framing’ to highlight how profitable cooperation can benefit from a partial suspension of a gain frame. It argues that even when interests are broadly aligned, there is too much room for opportunism in the absence of an alignment of commitment to the relationship, and the suspension of the possibility of its instrumental use. The chapter then focuses on how a perception of transactions as ‘joint production’ can be built through a variety of ‘relational signals’ (credible commitments to the suspension of a calculative propensity to exploit any opportunity of gain even if it would damage the relationship).Less
This chapter uses the cognitive psychology notion of ‘framing’ to highlight how profitable cooperation can benefit from a partial suspension of a gain frame. It argues that even when interests are broadly aligned, there is too much room for opportunism in the absence of an alignment of commitment to the relationship, and the suspension of the possibility of its instrumental use. The chapter then focuses on how a perception of transactions as ‘joint production’ can be built through a variety of ‘relational signals’ (credible commitments to the suspension of a calculative propensity to exploit any opportunity of gain even if it would damage the relationship).
Masahiko Aoki
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199269761
- eISBN:
- 9780191710087
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199269761.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability
This chapter applies a ‘comparative institutional analysis’ approach to CG. It criticizes the property right approach for being a special case, and develops a more general model of governance with ...
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This chapter applies a ‘comparative institutional analysis’ approach to CG. It criticizes the property right approach for being a special case, and develops a more general model of governance with shifting allocations of property rights to different internal and external actors, contingent to the overall economic performance of the firm. This contingent relational governance solution is deemed to be complementary with an uncontingently horizontal organization, at least in innovative activities. The Silicon Valley model is discussed as supportive evidence of this mode of CG.Less
This chapter applies a ‘comparative institutional analysis’ approach to CG. It criticizes the property right approach for being a special case, and develops a more general model of governance with shifting allocations of property rights to different internal and external actors, contingent to the overall economic performance of the firm. This contingent relational governance solution is deemed to be complementary with an uncontingently horizontal organization, at least in innovative activities. The Silicon Valley model is discussed as supportive evidence of this mode of CG.
Jones James W
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195335972
- eISBN:
- 9780199868957
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335972.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
“Introduction: Religion, Psychology, and Terrorism.” Focusing on both the dynamics of individual personalities and the diversity of religious traditions, this is a clinical psychology of religion, ...
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“Introduction: Religion, Psychology, and Terrorism.” Focusing on both the dynamics of individual personalities and the diversity of religious traditions, this is a clinical psychology of religion, written by a clinical psychologist who is also a professor of religion and who as been involved in teaching and research on religious terrorism for some time. This chapter introduces contemporary relational psychoanalytic theory and emphasizes the importance of understanding religion for understanding religious terrorism. Primary motivation for this book is the question of what the psychology of religious terrorism tells us about religion.Less
“Introduction: Religion, Psychology, and Terrorism.” Focusing on both the dynamics of individual personalities and the diversity of religious traditions, this is a clinical psychology of religion, written by a clinical psychologist who is also a professor of religion and who as been involved in teaching and research on religious terrorism for some time. This chapter introduces contemporary relational psychoanalytic theory and emphasizes the importance of understanding religion for understanding religious terrorism. Primary motivation for this book is the question of what the psychology of religious terrorism tells us about religion.
Jones James W
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195335972
- eISBN:
- 9780199868957
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335972.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
“The Role of the Individual: Toward a Clinical Psychology of Religious Terrorism.” Having laid out some of the primary psychological-religious themes expressed by religiously motivated terrorists and ...
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“The Role of the Individual: Toward a Clinical Psychology of Religious Terrorism.” Having laid out some of the primary psychological-religious themes expressed by religiously motivated terrorists and illustrated them in three different religious traditions, in this chapter the author offers a clinical, primarily psychodynamic, examination of them. Given a multidisciplinary framework, the role of group processes in the radicalization of terrorists is acknowledged. But not every member of a cohort or group becomes radicalized, and not every fanatical religious partisan commits terrorist acts. Individual factors can also play a role. Drawing on contemporary relational psychoanalytic theory and building on the work of Fairbairn, Klein, and Kohut, this chapter discusses some of the psychology involved in themes found in the writings and interviews of religious terrorists.Less
“The Role of the Individual: Toward a Clinical Psychology of Religious Terrorism.” Having laid out some of the primary psychological-religious themes expressed by religiously motivated terrorists and illustrated them in three different religious traditions, in this chapter the author offers a clinical, primarily psychodynamic, examination of them. Given a multidisciplinary framework, the role of group processes in the radicalization of terrorists is acknowledged. But not every member of a cohort or group becomes radicalized, and not every fanatical religious partisan commits terrorist acts. Individual factors can also play a role. Drawing on contemporary relational psychoanalytic theory and building on the work of Fairbairn, Klein, and Kohut, this chapter discusses some of the psychology involved in themes found in the writings and interviews of religious terrorists.
Johannes Roessler, Hemdat Lerman, and Naomi Eilan (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199692040
- eISBN:
- 9780191729713
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199692040.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology, Philosophy of Mind
Perceptual experience, that paradigm of subjectivity, constitutes our most immediate and fundamental access to the objective world. At least, this would seem to be so if commonsense realism is ...
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Perceptual experience, that paradigm of subjectivity, constitutes our most immediate and fundamental access to the objective world. At least, this would seem to be so if commonsense realism is correct — if perceptual experience is (in general) an immediate awareness of mind-independent objects, and a source of direct knowledge of what such objects are like. Commonsense realism raises many questions. First, can we be more precise about its commitments? Does it entail any particular conception of the nature of perceptual experience and its relation to perceived objects, or any particular view of the way perception yields knowledge? Second, what explains the apparent intuitive appeal of commonsense realism? Should we think of it as a kind of folk theory held by most human adults or is there a sense in which we are pre-theoretically committed to it — in virtue of the experience we enjoy or in virtue of the concepts we use or in virtue of the explanations we give? Third, is commonsense realism defensible, in the face of formidable challenges from epistemology, metaphysics and cognitive science? The project of the present volume is to advance our understanding of these issues and thus to shed light on the commitments and credentials of commonsense realism. As you may have guessed from the title, the volume also aims to highlight the key role the concept of causation plays in these debates. Central issues to be addressed include the status and nature of causal requirements on perception, the causal role of perceptual experience, and the relation between objective perception and causal thinking — issues that, as many chapters in the volume bring out, are inseparable from concerns with the very nature of causation.Less
Perceptual experience, that paradigm of subjectivity, constitutes our most immediate and fundamental access to the objective world. At least, this would seem to be so if commonsense realism is correct — if perceptual experience is (in general) an immediate awareness of mind-independent objects, and a source of direct knowledge of what such objects are like. Commonsense realism raises many questions. First, can we be more precise about its commitments? Does it entail any particular conception of the nature of perceptual experience and its relation to perceived objects, or any particular view of the way perception yields knowledge? Second, what explains the apparent intuitive appeal of commonsense realism? Should we think of it as a kind of folk theory held by most human adults or is there a sense in which we are pre-theoretically committed to it — in virtue of the experience we enjoy or in virtue of the concepts we use or in virtue of the explanations we give? Third, is commonsense realism defensible, in the face of formidable challenges from epistemology, metaphysics and cognitive science? The project of the present volume is to advance our understanding of these issues and thus to shed light on the commitments and credentials of commonsense realism. As you may have guessed from the title, the volume also aims to highlight the key role the concept of causation plays in these debates. Central issues to be addressed include the status and nature of causal requirements on perception, the causal role of perceptual experience, and the relation between objective perception and causal thinking — issues that, as many chapters in the volume bring out, are inseparable from concerns with the very nature of causation.
Pavol Hell and Jaroslav Nešetřil
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528173
- eISBN:
- 9780191713644
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528173.003.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Combinatorics / Graph Theory / Discrete Mathematics
This introductory chapter is a sampler of the material covered in the book. It introduces the notation and terminology in the book, and provides motivational examples and applications, many taken up ...
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This introductory chapter is a sampler of the material covered in the book. It introduces the notation and terminology in the book, and provides motivational examples and applications, many taken up in more detail in later chapters. It gives the flavour of combinatorial aspects, algorithmic aspects, retractions, duality, constraint satisfaction problems, as well as structural properties of homomorphism composition. The highlights of this chapter include a simple proof of the Colouring Interpolation Theorem, a generalization of the No-Homomorphism Lemma, the construction of a triangle-free graph to which all cubic triangle-free graphs are homomorphic, a case of the Edge Reconstruction Conjecture, and a generalization of a theorem of Frucht on graphs with prescribed automorphism groups.Less
This introductory chapter is a sampler of the material covered in the book. It introduces the notation and terminology in the book, and provides motivational examples and applications, many taken up in more detail in later chapters. It gives the flavour of combinatorial aspects, algorithmic aspects, retractions, duality, constraint satisfaction problems, as well as structural properties of homomorphism composition. The highlights of this chapter include a simple proof of the Colouring Interpolation Theorem, a generalization of the No-Homomorphism Lemma, the construction of a triangle-free graph to which all cubic triangle-free graphs are homomorphic, a case of the Edge Reconstruction Conjecture, and a generalization of a theorem of Frucht on graphs with prescribed automorphism groups.
