David Ward
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199211470
- eISBN:
- 9780191728143
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211470.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Although there is a common perception that deserts support few species, some deserts have high local diversity, largely because organisms are able to exploit patches of high productivity. This ...
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Although there is a common perception that deserts support few species, some deserts have high local diversity, largely because organisms are able to exploit patches of high productivity. This chapter differentiates between local species richness (also called α diversity), β diversity, which is also known as species turnover or the change in species among sites, and γ diversity, which is regional species diversity. Productivity-diversity relationships have been well studied in some deserts and have helped us understand the factors controlling ecosystem function at a large spatial scale. Studies of convergence of desert communities and consideration of the similarity of desert communities with neighbouring mesic communities are some of the best elucidated of this genre. The chapter also considers the major differences and similarities among desert taxa in the various deserts of the world, to draw inferences on the major biogeographic patterns.Less
Although there is a common perception that deserts support few species, some deserts have high local diversity, largely because organisms are able to exploit patches of high productivity. This chapter differentiates between local species richness (also called α diversity), β diversity, which is also known as species turnover or the change in species among sites, and γ diversity, which is regional species diversity. Productivity-diversity relationships have been well studied in some deserts and have helped us understand the factors controlling ecosystem function at a large spatial scale. Studies of convergence of desert communities and consideration of the similarity of desert communities with neighbouring mesic communities are some of the best elucidated of this genre. The chapter also considers the major differences and similarities among desert taxa in the various deserts of the world, to draw inferences on the major biogeographic patterns.
Bas van Bavel
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199278664
- eISBN:
- 9780191707032
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278664.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
The chapter sets out the goals and approach of the book. It introduces the various explanations offered in historiography for the patterns of social change and economic development in the ...
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The chapter sets out the goals and approach of the book. It introduces the various explanations offered in historiography for the patterns of social change and economic development in the pre‐industrial period, and for the regional differences in this process. It proposes to use a combination of new institutional economics and an analysis of the social distribution of power and property in order to better understand these differences. It argues that the relevant factors are located at the regional level and showed strong path‐dependency. It will test this approach for the Low Countries, starting from the hypothesis that the regional socio‐institutional structures formed in the early and high Middle Ages exercised a determining influence on later development, resulting in distinctive paths of regional development.Less
The chapter sets out the goals and approach of the book. It introduces the various explanations offered in historiography for the patterns of social change and economic development in the pre‐industrial period, and for the regional differences in this process. It proposes to use a combination of new institutional economics and an analysis of the social distribution of power and property in order to better understand these differences. It argues that the relevant factors are located at the regional level and showed strong path‐dependency. It will test this approach for the Low Countries, starting from the hypothesis that the regional socio‐institutional structures formed in the early and high Middle Ages exercised a determining influence on later development, resulting in distinctive paths of regional development.
Mark Baldassare
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520225121
- eISBN:
- 9780520928817
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520225121.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
What will California look like by the middle of the twenty-first century? Change is occurring in the state at a breathtaking pace. It will face many extraordinary challenges. Yet today most ...
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What will California look like by the middle of the twenty-first century? Change is occurring in the state at a breathtaking pace. It will face many extraordinary challenges. Yet today most Californians believe that their elected officials are unable to develop effective public policies. The book examines the powerful undercurrents — economic, demographic, and political — shaping California at this critical juncture in its history. It focuses on three trends that are profoundly affecting the social and political landscape of the state: political distrust, racial and ethnic change, and regional diversity. The book discusses the complexities of this situation and offers a series of substantive recommendations for how California can come to terms with the unprecedented challenges it faces.Less
What will California look like by the middle of the twenty-first century? Change is occurring in the state at a breathtaking pace. It will face many extraordinary challenges. Yet today most Californians believe that their elected officials are unable to develop effective public policies. The book examines the powerful undercurrents — economic, demographic, and political — shaping California at this critical juncture in its history. It focuses on three trends that are profoundly affecting the social and political landscape of the state: political distrust, racial and ethnic change, and regional diversity. The book discusses the complexities of this situation and offers a series of substantive recommendations for how California can come to terms with the unprecedented challenges it faces.
Mladen Lazić, Miguel Jerez-Mir, Vladimir Vuletić, and Rafael Vázquez-García
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199602315
- eISBN:
- 9780191738951
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602315.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union, Comparative Politics
This chapter examines whether differences in attitudes toward the process of EU integration among members of political elites in various European countries are patterned and to what extent common ...
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This chapter examines whether differences in attitudes toward the process of EU integration among members of political elites in various European countries are patterned and to what extent common regional, economic, political, and cultural characteristics of certain country groups influence these attitudes. Results show elites from Southern Europe to be the main proponents of further EU integration, while Eastern European elites are the most cautious. Variables with the strongest influence are economic development (measured by GDP per capita), the prevalent religious denomination (respondents from predominantly Protestant countries are less ready to support stronger EU integration than those from mostly Catholic countries), ethnic homogeneity (increasing level of homogeneity reduces elites’ orientation towards stronger EU integration), and the existence of separatist experience (elites from countries with recent independence by secession are less oriented toward EU integration than those from countries without secession problems).Less
This chapter examines whether differences in attitudes toward the process of EU integration among members of political elites in various European countries are patterned and to what extent common regional, economic, political, and cultural characteristics of certain country groups influence these attitudes. Results show elites from Southern Europe to be the main proponents of further EU integration, while Eastern European elites are the most cautious. Variables with the strongest influence are economic development (measured by GDP per capita), the prevalent religious denomination (respondents from predominantly Protestant countries are less ready to support stronger EU integration than those from mostly Catholic countries), ethnic homogeneity (increasing level of homogeneity reduces elites’ orientation towards stronger EU integration), and the existence of separatist experience (elites from countries with recent independence by secession are less oriented toward EU integration than those from countries without secession problems).
Takanori Matsumoto
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780198292746
- eISBN:
- 9780191603891
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292740.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter assesses the quantitative position of ‘traditional’ industries in the economy. Traditional industry — which accounted for the largest number of gainfully occupied workers — developed ...
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This chapter assesses the quantitative position of ‘traditional’ industries in the economy. Traditional industry — which accounted for the largest number of gainfully occupied workers — developed steadily in the modern era and continued to provide opportunities to workers that were not absorbed by the modern industrial sector. The role of the traditional commerce and service industries is emphasized, which functioned as a ‘buffer’ for economic fluctuations. The regional diversity of these industries is also analyzed using the statistical method of principal component analysis.Less
This chapter assesses the quantitative position of ‘traditional’ industries in the economy. Traditional industry — which accounted for the largest number of gainfully occupied workers — developed steadily in the modern era and continued to provide opportunities to workers that were not absorbed by the modern industrial sector. The role of the traditional commerce and service industries is emphasized, which functioned as a ‘buffer’ for economic fluctuations. The regional diversity of these industries is also analyzed using the statistical method of principal component analysis.
Keith Robbins
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205852
- eISBN:
- 9780191676819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205852.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on regional diversity and unity in Great Britain. The results suggest that Britain was a unity in diversity. The analyses of various indicators of ...
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This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on regional diversity and unity in Great Britain. The results suggest that Britain was a unity in diversity. The analyses of various indicators of national identity indicate that through the 19th century the ‘British nation’ was made. Though there was no uniform tendency operating in all fields simultaneously, England, Scotland, and Wales were in certain respects more closely bound together than they ever were in the past.Less
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on regional diversity and unity in Great Britain. The results suggest that Britain was a unity in diversity. The analyses of various indicators of national identity indicate that through the 19th century the ‘British nation’ was made. Though there was no uniform tendency operating in all fields simultaneously, England, Scotland, and Wales were in certain respects more closely bound together than they ever were in the past.
Theodore H. Fleming and W. John Kress
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226253404
- eISBN:
- 9780226023328
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226023328.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses patterns of regional and community diversity. It addresses the following questions: how does the diversity, defined simply as number of species or species richness of these ...
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This chapter discusses patterns of regional and community diversity. It addresses the following questions: how does the diversity, defined simply as number of species or species richness of these plant and animal mutualists, differ among biogeographic regions, including islands, and along gradients of temperature, rainfall, and elevation? What is the diversity and structure of local communities of these plant and animal mutualists? To what extent does community structure differ in different biogeographic regions? Do quantitative community assembly rules exist for these plant and animal mutualists, and, if so, are these rules the same in different biogeographic regions?Less
This chapter discusses patterns of regional and community diversity. It addresses the following questions: how does the diversity, defined simply as number of species or species richness of these plant and animal mutualists, differ among biogeographic regions, including islands, and along gradients of temperature, rainfall, and elevation? What is the diversity and structure of local communities of these plant and animal mutualists? To what extent does community structure differ in different biogeographic regions? Do quantitative community assembly rules exist for these plant and animal mutualists, and, if so, are these rules the same in different biogeographic regions?
Keith Robbins
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205852
- eISBN:
- 9780191676819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205852.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the identity of Great Britain as it was manifested in language, literature, religion, politics, business, education, music, and sport during 19th century. It investigates the ...
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This chapter examines the identity of Great Britain as it was manifested in language, literature, religion, politics, business, education, music, and sport during 19th century. It investigates the triangular relations between, and the internal dynamics within England, Scotland, and Wales. It also examines the conflicting trends of preserving regional diversity and promoting integration and unity and identifies the various factors that served to unite or divide the regions.Less
This chapter examines the identity of Great Britain as it was manifested in language, literature, religion, politics, business, education, music, and sport during 19th century. It investigates the triangular relations between, and the internal dynamics within England, Scotland, and Wales. It also examines the conflicting trends of preserving regional diversity and promoting integration and unity and identifies the various factors that served to unite or divide the regions.
Keith Robbins
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205852
- eISBN:
- 9780191676819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205852.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the role of language, literature, and music in uniting or dividing England, Wales, and Scotland. It suggests that language was both a link and barrier to integration and that ...
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This chapter examines the role of language, literature, and music in uniting or dividing England, Wales, and Scotland. It suggests that language was both a link and barrier to integration and that the central issue of conflict was the relationship between a master language used administratively and the claims of minority language to parity. The link between the English language and the English national had long ceased to be exclusive, even within Britain. There was also great diversity in terms of music and literature.Less
This chapter examines the role of language, literature, and music in uniting or dividing England, Wales, and Scotland. It suggests that language was both a link and barrier to integration and that the central issue of conflict was the relationship between a master language used administratively and the claims of minority language to parity. The link between the English language and the English national had long ceased to be exclusive, even within Britain. There was also great diversity in terms of music and literature.
Enrique Macpherson, Philip A. Hastings, and D. Ross Robertson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226904115
- eISBN:
- 9780226904146
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226904146.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter reviews current knowledge about patterns in the distribution and diversity of marine fish species in the context of the enormous spatial and temporal variation that results from ...
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This chapter reviews current knowledge about patterns in the distribution and diversity of marine fish species in the context of the enormous spatial and temporal variation that results from oceanographic variability. This chapter also discusses processes commonly implicated in controlling the distribution and regional diversity of marine fishes. Broader study of the genetics of putative species, especially widespread coral reef species and open-ocean species may reveal significantly greater cryptic species diversity. In addition, recent analysis indicates no decline in the rate of morphospecies descriptions of tropical shore-fishes in recent decades. The chapter is also couched within the prevailing concept of species. Broader application of a phylogenetic species concept, recently advocated for coral-reef fishes, would result in an increase in overall species diversity and a concomitant decrease in average species range.Less
This chapter reviews current knowledge about patterns in the distribution and diversity of marine fish species in the context of the enormous spatial and temporal variation that results from oceanographic variability. This chapter also discusses processes commonly implicated in controlling the distribution and regional diversity of marine fishes. Broader study of the genetics of putative species, especially widespread coral reef species and open-ocean species may reveal significantly greater cryptic species diversity. In addition, recent analysis indicates no decline in the rate of morphospecies descriptions of tropical shore-fishes in recent decades. The chapter is also couched within the prevailing concept of species. Broader application of a phylogenetic species concept, recently advocated for coral-reef fishes, would result in an increase in overall species diversity and a concomitant decrease in average species range.
Keith Robbins
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205852
- eISBN:
- 9780191676819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205852.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the role of sport and patriotism in creating regional diversity or unity in Great Britain. The emergence of sports in its modern form in the 1860s had unexpected consequences ...
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This chapter examines the role of sport and patriotism in creating regional diversity or unity in Great Britain. The emergence of sports in its modern form in the 1860s had unexpected consequences for the maintenance and reinforcement of national and regional loyalties within Britain. The tensions which have become familiar in other aspects of British life reappeared in the world of sport and it proved difficult to strike a balance both between the north and the home countries and between England, Scotland, and Wales.Less
This chapter examines the role of sport and patriotism in creating regional diversity or unity in Great Britain. The emergence of sports in its modern form in the 1860s had unexpected consequences for the maintenance and reinforcement of national and regional loyalties within Britain. The tensions which have become familiar in other aspects of British life reappeared in the world of sport and it proved difficult to strike a balance both between the north and the home countries and between England, Scotland, and Wales.
Keith Robbins
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205852
- eISBN:
- 9780191676819
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205852.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This is a study of two conflicting trends in nineteenth-century Britain: the promotion of integration and unity, and the commitment to preserve regional diversity. In the nineteenth century, ...
More
This is a study of two conflicting trends in nineteenth-century Britain: the promotion of integration and unity, and the commitment to preserve regional diversity. In the nineteenth century, communications between different parts of Britain improved enormously, through the spread of railways, the penny post, newspapers, and increased affluence which enabled more people to take holidays; but this did not necessarily lead to uniformity. The Scots and the Welsh in particular were concerned to retain their own ‘nationality’ and culture, yet in ways which would not lead to political separation. The author examines the various aspects which served to unite or divide the regions: the role of the church and religious beliefs, patterns of eating and drinking, the political system, commercial development, the educational system, language, literature, and music. He concludes that there was a ‘British’ nation which was consolidated through the century. Although not uniform in character, it held together during the supreme test of the First World War, under the political guidance of a Welshman whose first language was not English, and the spiritual guidance of an Archbishop of Canterbury who was a Scot. The relationship between region and state still lies at the heart of today's concerns with local government, devolution, and the North/South divide.Less
This is a study of two conflicting trends in nineteenth-century Britain: the promotion of integration and unity, and the commitment to preserve regional diversity. In the nineteenth century, communications between different parts of Britain improved enormously, through the spread of railways, the penny post, newspapers, and increased affluence which enabled more people to take holidays; but this did not necessarily lead to uniformity. The Scots and the Welsh in particular were concerned to retain their own ‘nationality’ and culture, yet in ways which would not lead to political separation. The author examines the various aspects which served to unite or divide the regions: the role of the church and religious beliefs, patterns of eating and drinking, the political system, commercial development, the educational system, language, literature, and music. He concludes that there was a ‘British’ nation which was consolidated through the century. Although not uniform in character, it held together during the supreme test of the First World War, under the political guidance of a Welshman whose first language was not English, and the spiritual guidance of an Archbishop of Canterbury who was a Scot. The relationship between region and state still lies at the heart of today's concerns with local government, devolution, and the North/South divide.
Keith Robbins
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205852
- eISBN:
- 9780191676819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205852.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the role of religion and the church in creating regional diversity or unity in Great Britain. The splintered condition of 19th century British Christianity was in itself a ...
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This chapter examines the role of religion and the church in creating regional diversity or unity in Great Britain. The splintered condition of 19th century British Christianity was in itself a testimony to the difficulty of the Church in reconciling a theoretical commitment to unity with the remorseless disposition of believers to reject uniformity in worship, doctrine, and doctrine. All the various churches of England, Scotland, and Wales carried the traditions which they believed to be deeply embedded in the spiritual life of their peoples.Less
This chapter examines the role of religion and the church in creating regional diversity or unity in Great Britain. The splintered condition of 19th century British Christianity was in itself a testimony to the difficulty of the Church in reconciling a theoretical commitment to unity with the remorseless disposition of believers to reject uniformity in worship, doctrine, and doctrine. All the various churches of England, Scotland, and Wales carried the traditions which they believed to be deeply embedded in the spiritual life of their peoples.
Mark Baldassare
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520225121
- eISBN:
- 9780520928817
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520225121.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
Californians know they are living in the midst of historic growth and change, and they are clearly worried about it. More than 80 percent of residents said in the surveys that they expect their ...
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Californians know they are living in the midst of historic growth and change, and they are clearly worried about it. More than 80 percent of residents said in the surveys that they expect their regions to grow either fast or modestly in population over the next ten years. This chapter looks beyond 2000 and offers some general ideas about how forces such as political distrust, racial and ethnic change, and regional diversity are likely to play out in the state's political and policy process. Some recommendations are offered that will help the state find better ways to cope with the many challenges looming before it.Less
Californians know they are living in the midst of historic growth and change, and they are clearly worried about it. More than 80 percent of residents said in the surveys that they expect their regions to grow either fast or modestly in population over the next ten years. This chapter looks beyond 2000 and offers some general ideas about how forces such as political distrust, racial and ethnic change, and regional diversity are likely to play out in the state's political and policy process. Some recommendations are offered that will help the state find better ways to cope with the many challenges looming before it.
Keith Robbins
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205852
- eISBN:
- 9780191676819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205852.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the role of science and education in creating regional diversity or unity in Great Britain. It cites evidence indicating that there existed a unified ‘British mind’. There were ...
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This chapter examines the role of science and education in creating regional diversity or unity in Great Britain. It cites evidence indicating that there existed a unified ‘British mind’. There were also occasions when the growth and dissemination of knowledge took place in Anglo-Scottish contexts.Less
This chapter examines the role of science and education in creating regional diversity or unity in Great Britain. It cites evidence indicating that there existed a unified ‘British mind’. There were also occasions when the growth and dissemination of knowledge took place in Anglo-Scottish contexts.
David Ward
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- October 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198732754
- eISBN:
- 9780191796982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198732754.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Productivity–diversity relationships have been well studied in some deserts and have helped us to understand the factors controlling ecosystem function at a large spatial scale. Studies of ...
More
Productivity–diversity relationships have been well studied in some deserts and have helped us to understand the factors controlling ecosystem function at a large spatial scale. Studies of convergence of desert communities and consideration of their similarity with neighbouring mesic communities are some of the best elucidated of this genre. One of the main differences between floras and faunas of the world, particularly in deserts, occurred because of the break-up of Pangaea and the later split between the southern Gondwanan continent and the northern Laurasian continent. Although there is clear derivation of many desert organisms from their mesic adjacent taxa, cases of convergent evolution of desert forms abound, presumably because of the similarities in selection pressures placed on these organisms. There are also some interesting cases of ecological character displacement in deserts that may occur when any two or more species overlap in a crucial aspect of their niches.Less
Productivity–diversity relationships have been well studied in some deserts and have helped us to understand the factors controlling ecosystem function at a large spatial scale. Studies of convergence of desert communities and consideration of their similarity with neighbouring mesic communities are some of the best elucidated of this genre. One of the main differences between floras and faunas of the world, particularly in deserts, occurred because of the break-up of Pangaea and the later split between the southern Gondwanan continent and the northern Laurasian continent. Although there is clear derivation of many desert organisms from their mesic adjacent taxa, cases of convergent evolution of desert forms abound, presumably because of the similarities in selection pressures placed on these organisms. There are also some interesting cases of ecological character displacement in deserts that may occur when any two or more species overlap in a crucial aspect of their niches.
Anthony P. D'Costa and Achin Chakraborty (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198792444
- eISBN:
- 9780191834431
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198792444.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This book takes a fresh look at the land question in India. It goes beyond re-engagement in the rich transition debate by critically examining both theoretically and empirically the role of land in ...
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This book takes a fresh look at the land question in India. It goes beyond re-engagement in the rich transition debate by critically examining both theoretically and empirically the role of land in contemporary India. Springing from the political economy discourse surrounding the classic capitalist transition issue in agriculture in India, the book gravitates toward the development discourse that inevitably veers toward land and the role of the state in pushing a process of dispossession of peasants through direct expropriation for developmental purposes. Contemporary dispossession may look similar to the historical process of primitive accumulation that makes room for capitalist agriculture and expanded accumulation. But this volume shows that land in India is sought increasingly for non-agricultural purposes as well. These include risk mitigation by farmers, real estate development, infrastructure development by states often on behalf of business, and special economic zones. Tribal communities (advasis), who depend on land for their livelihoods and a moral economy that is independent of any price-driven markets, hold on to land for collective security. Thus land acquisition continues to be a turbulent arena in which classes, castes, and communities are in conflict with the state and capital, each jockeying to determine the terms and conditions of land transactions or their prevention, through both market and non-market mechanisms. The volume collectively addresses the role of the state involved in the process of dispossession of peasants and tribal communities. It provides new analytical insights into the land acquisition processes, their legal-institutional and ethical implications, and captures empirically the multifaceted regional diversity of the contestations surrounding the acquisition experiences in India.Less
This book takes a fresh look at the land question in India. It goes beyond re-engagement in the rich transition debate by critically examining both theoretically and empirically the role of land in contemporary India. Springing from the political economy discourse surrounding the classic capitalist transition issue in agriculture in India, the book gravitates toward the development discourse that inevitably veers toward land and the role of the state in pushing a process of dispossession of peasants through direct expropriation for developmental purposes. Contemporary dispossession may look similar to the historical process of primitive accumulation that makes room for capitalist agriculture and expanded accumulation. But this volume shows that land in India is sought increasingly for non-agricultural purposes as well. These include risk mitigation by farmers, real estate development, infrastructure development by states often on behalf of business, and special economic zones. Tribal communities (advasis), who depend on land for their livelihoods and a moral economy that is independent of any price-driven markets, hold on to land for collective security. Thus land acquisition continues to be a turbulent arena in which classes, castes, and communities are in conflict with the state and capital, each jockeying to determine the terms and conditions of land transactions or their prevention, through both market and non-market mechanisms. The volume collectively addresses the role of the state involved in the process of dispossession of peasants and tribal communities. It provides new analytical insights into the land acquisition processes, their legal-institutional and ethical implications, and captures empirically the multifaceted regional diversity of the contestations surrounding the acquisition experiences in India.
Greg Barnhisel
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231162302
- eISBN:
- 9780231538626
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231162302.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter examines the State Department's programs to distribute books among foreign audiences (particularly in central and eastern Europe)—books which were carefully chosen to convey American ...
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This chapter examines the State Department's programs to distribute books among foreign audiences (particularly in central and eastern Europe)—books which were carefully chosen to convey American values or to further policy priorities. Unlike the art program, the book programs remained quite conservative in their artistic tastes and included very little modernism, framing what modernist titles they did feature as representative not only of freedom and individualism, but of America's regional diversity. Following the influential arguments of Arthur Schlesinger and others, the book programs presented modernism as being congenial to or even constitutive of Cold War liberalism. The chapter concludes by recounting William Faulkner's participation in the cultural-diplomacy program as well as the equivocal and cautious way the book programs included and presented his difficult works.Less
This chapter examines the State Department's programs to distribute books among foreign audiences (particularly in central and eastern Europe)—books which were carefully chosen to convey American values or to further policy priorities. Unlike the art program, the book programs remained quite conservative in their artistic tastes and included very little modernism, framing what modernist titles they did feature as representative not only of freedom and individualism, but of America's regional diversity. Following the influential arguments of Arthur Schlesinger and others, the book programs presented modernism as being congenial to or even constitutive of Cold War liberalism. The chapter concludes by recounting William Faulkner's participation in the cultural-diplomacy program as well as the equivocal and cautious way the book programs included and presented his difficult works.
