Daniel Butt
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199218240
- eISBN:
- 9780191711589
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199218240.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
This chapter outlines a number of critical responses to the project of seeking to rectify historic injustice, and explains why they largely do not apply to international libertarian accounts of ...
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This chapter outlines a number of critical responses to the project of seeking to rectify historic injustice, and explains why they largely do not apply to international libertarian accounts of international justice. It distinguishes between backward-looking and forward-looking accounts of distributive justice in both ideal and non-ideal theory, and looks at how both accounts relate to ideas of rectificatory justice. If one advocates a forward-looking account of distributive justice, and so advocates a redistribution of resources with each new generation, then the rectificatory project will seem to be of little importance. However, this nonchalance in the face of historic injustice is unsustainable if one advocates backward-looking principles. Since international libertarians resist cosmopolitan calls for a generational redistribution of resources across political boundaries, they must carefully scrutinize the provenance of modern day distributions.Less
This chapter outlines a number of critical responses to the project of seeking to rectify historic injustice, and explains why they largely do not apply to international libertarian accounts of international justice. It distinguishes between backward-looking and forward-looking accounts of distributive justice in both ideal and non-ideal theory, and looks at how both accounts relate to ideas of rectificatory justice. If one advocates a forward-looking account of distributive justice, and so advocates a redistribution of resources with each new generation, then the rectificatory project will seem to be of little importance. However, this nonchalance in the face of historic injustice is unsustainable if one advocates backward-looking principles. Since international libertarians resist cosmopolitan calls for a generational redistribution of resources across political boundaries, they must carefully scrutinize the provenance of modern day distributions.
David Miller
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199235056
- eISBN:
- 9780191715792
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235056.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Russian Politics
This chapter examines historical rectification as an aspect of global justice, and focuses on the question of whether nations can be held responsible for the deeds of their forebears. It argues that ...
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This chapter examines historical rectification as an aspect of global justice, and focuses on the question of whether nations can be held responsible for the deeds of their forebears. It argues that anyone who is prepared to accept the general idea of national responsibility should also accept the idea of responsibility for the national past. The key is to reflect on the benefits that membership in a national community can provide — primarily tangible benefits in the form of inherited territory and capital — but also intangible benefits in the form of pride in the national past. One cannot legitimately enjoy such benefits without at the same time acknowledging responsibility for aspects of the national past that have involved the unjust treatment of people inside or outside the national community itself, and liability to provide redress in whatever form the particular circumstances demand. Although such redress is by no means the whole of global justice, it is certainly one part of the picture, and one that no theory that takes the idea of national responsibility seriously can afford to dismiss.Less
This chapter examines historical rectification as an aspect of global justice, and focuses on the question of whether nations can be held responsible for the deeds of their forebears. It argues that anyone who is prepared to accept the general idea of national responsibility should also accept the idea of responsibility for the national past. The key is to reflect on the benefits that membership in a national community can provide — primarily tangible benefits in the form of inherited territory and capital — but also intangible benefits in the form of pride in the national past. One cannot legitimately enjoy such benefits without at the same time acknowledging responsibility for aspects of the national past that have involved the unjust treatment of people inside or outside the national community itself, and liability to provide redress in whatever form the particular circumstances demand. Although such redress is by no means the whole of global justice, it is certainly one part of the picture, and one that no theory that takes the idea of national responsibility seriously can afford to dismiss.
Russell L. De Valois and Karen K. De Valois
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195066579
- eISBN:
- 9780199872220
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195066579.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter discusses the nonlinear responses of the visual system. Topics covered include threshold nonlinearity, phase nonlinearity, amplitude nonlinearity, half-wave rectification, and ...
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This chapter discusses the nonlinear responses of the visual system. Topics covered include threshold nonlinearity, phase nonlinearity, amplitude nonlinearity, half-wave rectification, and interactions between different spatial frequencies.Less
This chapter discusses the nonlinear responses of the visual system. Topics covered include threshold nonlinearity, phase nonlinearity, amplitude nonlinearity, half-wave rectification, and interactions between different spatial frequencies.
Robert Chambers
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199567751
- eISBN:
- 9780191705267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567751.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Law of Obligations, Philosophy of Law
This chapter argues that there are two different kinds of enrichment: pecuniary value and assignable rights. While most enrichments are valuable rights, enrichment can consist of value without rights ...
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This chapter argues that there are two different kinds of enrichment: pecuniary value and assignable rights. While most enrichments are valuable rights, enrichment can consist of value without rights or rights without value. When enrichment is an assignable right, its value is irrelevant to the claim for restitution. It has been assumed that there are two different kinds of restitution, either of the enrichment itself or its value in money. However, if there are two kinds of enrichment, then there is really only one kind of restitution, which always consists of giving up the actual enrichment received, which is either value or rights. The difficulty is not in deciding which kind of restitution is available, but in deciding which kind of unjust enrichment has occurred. This problem affects mistaken payments and failure of consideration in particular. Also, if change of position is concerned with disenrichment, then what counts as a relevant change of position will depend on whether the enrichment is value or rights.Less
This chapter argues that there are two different kinds of enrichment: pecuniary value and assignable rights. While most enrichments are valuable rights, enrichment can consist of value without rights or rights without value. When enrichment is an assignable right, its value is irrelevant to the claim for restitution. It has been assumed that there are two different kinds of restitution, either of the enrichment itself or its value in money. However, if there are two kinds of enrichment, then there is really only one kind of restitution, which always consists of giving up the actual enrichment received, which is either value or rights. The difficulty is not in deciding which kind of restitution is available, but in deciding which kind of unjust enrichment has occurred. This problem affects mistaken payments and failure of consideration in particular. Also, if change of position is concerned with disenrichment, then what counts as a relevant change of position will depend on whether the enrichment is value or rights.
Claudia Card
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195145083
- eISBN:
- 9780199833115
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195145089.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
The moral powers of victims include the negative power of blame, which can sometimes evoke guilt and a sense of obligation in wrongdoers, and the positive power of forgiveness, which can relieve ...
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The moral powers of victims include the negative power of blame, which can sometimes evoke guilt and a sense of obligation in wrongdoers, and the positive power of forgiveness, which can relieve burdens for both victims and wrongdoers that may be otherwise unrelievable, even by punishment. Punishment is an attempt at rectification and restoration of the balance disrupted by wrongdoing. But not all wrongs are rectifiable or completely rectifiable; moral remainders are what is left after all has been rectified that can be. This chapter extends the concept of remainders to include not only unexpiated wrongs but also emotional and attitudinal responses to them, such as forgiveness. But is forgiveness always good or even always possible? This chapter explores issues in the nature and ethics of forgiveness, with an extended look at Simon Wiesenthal's dilemma in his narrative, The Sunflower.Less
The moral powers of victims include the negative power of blame, which can sometimes evoke guilt and a sense of obligation in wrongdoers, and the positive power of forgiveness, which can relieve burdens for both victims and wrongdoers that may be otherwise unrelievable, even by punishment. Punishment is an attempt at rectification and restoration of the balance disrupted by wrongdoing. But not all wrongs are rectifiable or completely rectifiable; moral remainders are what is left after all has been rectified that can be. This chapter extends the concept of remainders to include not only unexpiated wrongs but also emotional and attitudinal responses to them, such as forgiveness. But is forgiveness always good or even always possible? This chapter explores issues in the nature and ethics of forgiveness, with an extended look at Simon Wiesenthal's dilemma in his narrative, The Sunflower.
Christopher A. Ford
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813192635
- eISBN:
- 9780813135519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813192635.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The impact of Confucius on Chinese philosophy and politics perhaps eclipses that of any other single human being, and the ethical teachings attributed to him lie today in many respects at the core of ...
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The impact of Confucius on Chinese philosophy and politics perhaps eclipses that of any other single human being, and the ethical teachings attributed to him lie today in many respects at the core of traditional East Asian civilization. Confucianism is at its core an ethical teaching that stresses the importance of benevolence and righteousness. Through its theory of the “rectification of names,” Confucianism aspires to “an ideal social order with ‘everything in its own place.’” Because this philosophy did not sharply distinguish between personal and political spheres, Confucians never developed a specific theory of government. However, the web of social responsibilities that defined proper behavior in Confucian society encompassed all institutions and relationships, both political and social. Hence, the key to successful governance can be found in the same processes of cultivating right conduct and living out its realization in interactions with others. The monist ideal of Chinese statecraft also can be seen in the Confucian classics, which suggest that a legitimate international order cannot rest on the formal equality of coequal sovereigns. Confucian ethics thus presumes that there cannot be interstate relations in the sense that are conceived in the modern West.Less
The impact of Confucius on Chinese philosophy and politics perhaps eclipses that of any other single human being, and the ethical teachings attributed to him lie today in many respects at the core of traditional East Asian civilization. Confucianism is at its core an ethical teaching that stresses the importance of benevolence and righteousness. Through its theory of the “rectification of names,” Confucianism aspires to “an ideal social order with ‘everything in its own place.’” Because this philosophy did not sharply distinguish between personal and political spheres, Confucians never developed a specific theory of government. However, the web of social responsibilities that defined proper behavior in Confucian society encompassed all institutions and relationships, both political and social. Hence, the key to successful governance can be found in the same processes of cultivating right conduct and living out its realization in interactions with others. The monist ideal of Chinese statecraft also can be seen in the Confucian classics, which suggest that a legitimate international order cannot rest on the formal equality of coequal sovereigns. Confucian ethics thus presumes that there cannot be interstate relations in the sense that are conceived in the modern West.
Ciaran McMorran
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813066288
- eISBN:
- 9780813065267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813066288.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter highlights the practical and metaphysical issues which James Joyce associates with the application of Euclidean geometry as a geo-meter (a measure of the Earth) in “Ithaca.” It ...
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This chapter highlights the practical and metaphysical issues which James Joyce associates with the application of Euclidean geometry as a geo-meter (a measure of the Earth) in “Ithaca.” It demonstrates how the “mathematical catechism” of “Ithaca” geometrizes the visible world, translating natural phenomena into their ideal Euclidean equivalents. In a topographical context, it illustrates how variably curved surfaces undergo a process of rectification as they are mediated by the catechetical narrative, and how this leads to a confusion between maps and their territories. In light of the narrative’s conceptualization of Molly Bloom as both a human and a heavenly body, this chapter also examines the mythical notions which originate from the mathematical catechism’s conflation of geometric objects and the visible world. By evoking an incongruity between visual objects and their meters, it argues, Joyce explores the possible limits of squaring the circle, both topographically (in terms of projecting a curved natural surface onto a two-dimensional map, as in Mercator’s projection) and figuratively (in the sense that the irregularly curved features of the natural world are rectified as they are represented textually on a rectilinear page).Less
This chapter highlights the practical and metaphysical issues which James Joyce associates with the application of Euclidean geometry as a geo-meter (a measure of the Earth) in “Ithaca.” It demonstrates how the “mathematical catechism” of “Ithaca” geometrizes the visible world, translating natural phenomena into their ideal Euclidean equivalents. In a topographical context, it illustrates how variably curved surfaces undergo a process of rectification as they are mediated by the catechetical narrative, and how this leads to a confusion between maps and their territories. In light of the narrative’s conceptualization of Molly Bloom as both a human and a heavenly body, this chapter also examines the mythical notions which originate from the mathematical catechism’s conflation of geometric objects and the visible world. By evoking an incongruity between visual objects and their meters, it argues, Joyce explores the possible limits of squaring the circle, both topographically (in terms of projecting a curved natural surface onto a two-dimensional map, as in Mercator’s projection) and figuratively (in the sense that the irregularly curved features of the natural world are rectified as they are represented textually on a rectilinear page).
Henry S. Richardson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780195388930
- eISBN:
- 9780199979196
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388930.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
In our highly imperfect world, many of the most compelling claims for ancillary care arise in contexts of deep injustice. One might think, then, that the idea of justice could ground medical ...
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In our highly imperfect world, many of the most compelling claims for ancillary care arise in contexts of deep injustice. One might think, then, that the idea of justice could ground medical researchers’ special ancillary-care obligations; however, because of the kind of generality that is essential to justice, this chapter argues, it cannot ground these special obligations. Still, it is important that the partial-entrustment model not conflict with justice. Some argue that offering ancillary care will serve in many instances unduly to induce study participation; but those worries about exploitation are better addressed by adequate review of study risks. Special ancillary-care obligations such as those posited by the partial-entrustment model do call for departures from impartialist accounts of distributive justice: this is only appropriate. Further, these departures will not be radical, as the model’s strength factors will tend to favor those who are victims of the severest distributive injustice.Less
In our highly imperfect world, many of the most compelling claims for ancillary care arise in contexts of deep injustice. One might think, then, that the idea of justice could ground medical researchers’ special ancillary-care obligations; however, because of the kind of generality that is essential to justice, this chapter argues, it cannot ground these special obligations. Still, it is important that the partial-entrustment model not conflict with justice. Some argue that offering ancillary care will serve in many instances unduly to induce study participation; but those worries about exploitation are better addressed by adequate review of study risks. Special ancillary-care obligations such as those posited by the partial-entrustment model do call for departures from impartialist accounts of distributive justice: this is only appropriate. Further, these departures will not be radical, as the model’s strength factors will tend to favor those who are victims of the severest distributive injustice.
Kenneth W. Holloway
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199744824
- eISBN:
- 9780199979400
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744824.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
The recently excavated Guodian manuscript “Xing zi mingchu” understands morality as something that is inherently expansive and not restrictive. Dating from China’s Warring States Period, this text ...
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The recently excavated Guodian manuscript “Xing zi mingchu” understands morality as something that is inherently expansive and not restrictive. Dating from China’s Warring States Period, this text has a hybrid of beliefs that later come to be called Confucianism and Daoism. One contribution of this book is its clarification of the role of the term “qing,” a concept that in some passages could be translated as “emotions” save for the fact that it is seen as having a surprising power to enable us to become more connected to our world. Becoming a moral person is seen as involving reaching the Dao by leveraging our qing and the teaching of the sages. These two levels, immanent and Dao, represent truths and higher truths. Both are crucial elements of our quest for morality, but the path we follow is not a linear progression since conflict on a lower level becomes irrelevant when we reach the Dao. The text does not seek to ameliorate the friction we commonly encounter from our mundane view of problems; rather the goal is to transcend it with the Dao.Less
The recently excavated Guodian manuscript “Xing zi mingchu” understands morality as something that is inherently expansive and not restrictive. Dating from China’s Warring States Period, this text has a hybrid of beliefs that later come to be called Confucianism and Daoism. One contribution of this book is its clarification of the role of the term “qing,” a concept that in some passages could be translated as “emotions” save for the fact that it is seen as having a surprising power to enable us to become more connected to our world. Becoming a moral person is seen as involving reaching the Dao by leveraging our qing and the teaching of the sages. These two levels, immanent and Dao, represent truths and higher truths. Both are crucial elements of our quest for morality, but the path we follow is not a linear progression since conflict on a lower level becomes irrelevant when we reach the Dao. The text does not seek to ameliorate the friction we commonly encounter from our mundane view of problems; rather the goal is to transcend it with the Dao.
Victor Tadros
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199592814
- eISBN:
- 9780191729034
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592814.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter investigates the significance of the outcomes of a person's conduct for punishment. It does so by comparing Antony Duff's view of punishment as a communicative enterprise with an ...
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This chapter investigates the significance of the outcomes of a person's conduct for punishment. It does so by comparing Antony Duff's view of punishment as a communicative enterprise with an alternative view, which sees punishment as grounded in the rectificatory duties that wrongdoers incur in virtue of their wrongdoing. It argues that the rectificatory view, like the communicative view, draws on the obligations that are incurred through wrongdoing, and suggests that the latter view has a more comprehensive account to give of those duties. This provides a more compelling account than Duff gives of the difference in the liability to be punished between those who cause harm through their wrongful conduct and those who do not. As there are special duties that one incurs by harming others, one may also be punished to a greater degree to ensure that those duties are enforced. The chapter also suggests some reasons why those who cause no harm through their wrongful conduct may nevertheless be punished to some lesser degree.Less
This chapter investigates the significance of the outcomes of a person's conduct for punishment. It does so by comparing Antony Duff's view of punishment as a communicative enterprise with an alternative view, which sees punishment as grounded in the rectificatory duties that wrongdoers incur in virtue of their wrongdoing. It argues that the rectificatory view, like the communicative view, draws on the obligations that are incurred through wrongdoing, and suggests that the latter view has a more comprehensive account to give of those duties. This provides a more compelling account than Duff gives of the difference in the liability to be punished between those who cause harm through their wrongful conduct and those who do not. As there are special duties that one incurs by harming others, one may also be punished to a greater degree to ensure that those duties are enforced. The chapter also suggests some reasons why those who cause no harm through their wrongful conduct may nevertheless be punished to some lesser degree.
Jethro K. Lieberman
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199919840
- eISBN:
- 9780199980376
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199919840.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter examines taxation and welfare and other forms of state-provided benefits and concludes that under the harm principle the state may legitimately provide a host of public benefits and ...
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This chapter examines taxation and welfare and other forms of state-provided benefits and concludes that under the harm principle the state may legitimately provide a host of public benefits and engage in many projects and pay for the undertaking with tax revenues.Less
This chapter examines taxation and welfare and other forms of state-provided benefits and concludes that under the harm principle the state may legitimately provide a host of public benefits and engage in many projects and pay for the undertaking with tax revenues.
Gary Holthaus
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813124872
- eISBN:
- 9780813135281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813124872.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
As pointed out by Confucius in around 490 B.C., the rectification of names is important, since the world without this becomes unreal—government policies will not be realistic and various efforts at ...
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As pointed out by Confucius in around 490 B.C., the rectification of names is important, since the world without this becomes unreal—government policies will not be realistic and various efforts at complying with these policies would not result in substantial conclusions. Also, it is suggested that music and ritual, which are greatly valued by indigenous peoples, are required for maintaining harmony and balance within society and within oneself as well. The significance of language becomes evident, as the notion that spirituality is associated with the notion of a right name is considered as everything, particularly for Christians, begins with the word or logos. This chapter illustrates the power of the word across several different traditions and how this may be related to the power to name things.Less
As pointed out by Confucius in around 490 B.C., the rectification of names is important, since the world without this becomes unreal—government policies will not be realistic and various efforts at complying with these policies would not result in substantial conclusions. Also, it is suggested that music and ritual, which are greatly valued by indigenous peoples, are required for maintaining harmony and balance within society and within oneself as well. The significance of language becomes evident, as the notion that spirituality is associated with the notion of a right name is considered as everything, particularly for Christians, begins with the word or logos. This chapter illustrates the power of the word across several different traditions and how this may be related to the power to name things.
Robert Chambers
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198764441
- eISBN:
- 9780191695254
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198764441.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Law of Obligations
Examination of the relationship between the usual remedies for the recovery of property such as rectification and rescission and resulting trust is the main concern of this chapter. It argues that ...
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Examination of the relationship between the usual remedies for the recovery of property such as rectification and rescission and resulting trust is the main concern of this chapter. It argues that whenever a provider of property to another is entitled to rescind a transaction or rectify an instrument and thereby recover any portion of that property, the recipient holds the recoverable property on a resulting trust for the provider from the moment the right of rescission or rectification first arises. Also, this chapter aims to remove the objection derived from Phillips v. Phillips, which states that a person with a right to rescind or rectify a transaction has a mere equity and no equitable interest in the property involved. Equitable interests in recoverable property are illustrated including established principles and a comparison with constructive trusts. Latec Investments v. Hotel Terrigal and other cases related to the matter are explored.Less
Examination of the relationship between the usual remedies for the recovery of property such as rectification and rescission and resulting trust is the main concern of this chapter. It argues that whenever a provider of property to another is entitled to rescind a transaction or rectify an instrument and thereby recover any portion of that property, the recipient holds the recoverable property on a resulting trust for the provider from the moment the right of rescission or rectification first arises. Also, this chapter aims to remove the objection derived from Phillips v. Phillips, which states that a person with a right to rescind or rectify a transaction has a mere equity and no equitable interest in the property involved. Equitable interests in recoverable property are illustrated including established principles and a comparison with constructive trusts. Latec Investments v. Hotel Terrigal and other cases related to the matter are explored.
Martin Chakraborty and Verena Dormann
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- March 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198755463
- eISBN:
- 9780191927706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198755463.003.0515
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
The Court may, by way of order, of its own motion or on application by a party made within one month of service of the decision or order to be rectified, after hearing the parties, rectify clerical ...
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The Court may, by way of order, of its own motion or on application by a party made within one month of service of the decision or order to be rectified, after hearing the parties, rectify clerical mistakes, errors in calculation and obvious slips in the decision or order.
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The Court may, by way of order, of its own motion or on application by a party made within one month of service of the decision or order to be rectified, after hearing the parties, rectify clerical mistakes, errors in calculation and obvious slips in the decision or order.
Markus Kuczera
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- March 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198755463
- eISBN:
- 9780191927706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198755463.003.0114
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
In actions brought under Article 32(1)(i), the Court may exercise any power entrusted on the European Patent Office in accordance with Article 9 of Regulation (EU) No 1257/2012, including the ...
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In actions brought under Article 32(1)(i), the Court may exercise any power entrusted on the European Patent Office in accordance with Article 9 of Regulation (EU) No 1257/2012, including the rectification of the Register for unitary patent protection.
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In actions brought under Article 32(1)(i), the Court may exercise any power entrusted on the European Patent Office in accordance with Article 9 of Regulation (EU) No 1257/2012, including the rectification of the Register for unitary patent protection.
Luis Martínez-Fernández
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780813049953
- eISBN:
- 9780813050416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813049953.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This short chapter looks at developments in Cuba during the thawing of the Cold War. While the Soviet Union and other communist nations embarked on a process of reformism away from socialism and ...
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This short chapter looks at developments in Cuba during the thawing of the Cold War. While the Soviet Union and other communist nations embarked on a process of reformism away from socialism and absolutist rule, Cuba hardened its position on communist principles and dictatorial rule. This process came to be known as the Rectification Campaign, a process whereby Cuba returned to orthodox Marxism and ended opportunities for private entrepreneurship and self-employment. Cuba's economic recession emboldened both the U.S. government and Cuban exile organizations to take a harder line against the regime.Less
This short chapter looks at developments in Cuba during the thawing of the Cold War. While the Soviet Union and other communist nations embarked on a process of reformism away from socialism and absolutist rule, Cuba hardened its position on communist principles and dictatorial rule. This process came to be known as the Rectification Campaign, a process whereby Cuba returned to orthodox Marxism and ended opportunities for private entrepreneurship and self-employment. Cuba's economic recession emboldened both the U.S. government and Cuban exile organizations to take a harder line against the regime.
Yan Xu
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813176741
- eISBN:
- 9780813176772
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813176741.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
The sixth chapter outlines another political force that influenced modern China: the Chinese Communists during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Xu claims that the CCP constructed the soldier figure here ...
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The sixth chapter outlines another political force that influenced modern China: the Chinese Communists during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Xu claims that the CCP constructed the soldier figure here within the parameters of an emotional bond between the army and the people, believing it to be essential for the state-building agenda that was contingent on winning support from peasants in the area and social integration in the revolutionary base. Xu, furthermore, splits the chapter up by examining first the CCP’s policies in Yan’an for integration and winning support from peasants, then later the army-peasant bond during the yangge movement.Less
The sixth chapter outlines another political force that influenced modern China: the Chinese Communists during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Xu claims that the CCP constructed the soldier figure here within the parameters of an emotional bond between the army and the people, believing it to be essential for the state-building agenda that was contingent on winning support from peasants in the area and social integration in the revolutionary base. Xu, furthermore, splits the chapter up by examining first the CCP’s policies in Yan’an for integration and winning support from peasants, then later the army-peasant bond during the yangge movement.
Blake Hereth
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- August 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198848844
- eISBN:
- 9780191883224
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198848844.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
Trans persons endure terrible injustices in this life: They are bullied, murdered, forced to conceal their identities, and denied opportunities that would be available to them if they were cis. This ...
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Trans persons endure terrible injustices in this life: They are bullied, murdered, forced to conceal their identities, and denied opportunities that would be available to them if they were cis. This chapter offers grounds for theological hope—in particular, hope that the afterlife would be better for trans persons. I argue that we should view trans identities as worthy of respect and that, as a matter of justice, their gender identities should be preserved in the afterlife. I focus specifically on trans persons with interests in transitioning and argue that they are owed an opportunity to transition in the afterlife. Moreover, the parties responsible for their earthly abuse are principally responsible for any transitioning costs and must participate directly in the process. Finally, trans persons should be provided opportunities to procreate and enter romantic unions they were denied during their earthly lives because of their trans identities.Less
Trans persons endure terrible injustices in this life: They are bullied, murdered, forced to conceal their identities, and denied opportunities that would be available to them if they were cis. This chapter offers grounds for theological hope—in particular, hope that the afterlife would be better for trans persons. I argue that we should view trans identities as worthy of respect and that, as a matter of justice, their gender identities should be preserved in the afterlife. I focus specifically on trans persons with interests in transitioning and argue that they are owed an opportunity to transition in the afterlife. Moreover, the parties responsible for their earthly abuse are principally responsible for any transitioning costs and must participate directly in the process. Finally, trans persons should be provided opportunities to procreate and enter romantic unions they were denied during their earthly lives because of their trans identities.
Kenneth W. Holloway
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199744824
- eISBN:
- 9780199979400
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744824.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
The thesis of this chapter is that the role of qing in the “Xing zi mingchu” is best understood as a corollary of the concept of naming as it appears in both the Daode jing of Laozi and the Analects ...
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The thesis of this chapter is that the role of qing in the “Xing zi mingchu” is best understood as a corollary of the concept of naming as it appears in both the Daode jing of Laozi and the Analects of Confucius. This challenges the longstanding assumption that the rectification of names is contrary to Laozi’s position that names are unworthy of careful consideration. By analyzing these two classical texts from a Guodian perspective, we gain an entirely new understanding of the early development of Chinese religion.Less
The thesis of this chapter is that the role of qing in the “Xing zi mingchu” is best understood as a corollary of the concept of naming as it appears in both the Daode jing of Laozi and the Analects of Confucius. This challenges the longstanding assumption that the rectification of names is contrary to Laozi’s position that names are unworthy of careful consideration. By analyzing these two classical texts from a Guodian perspective, we gain an entirely new understanding of the early development of Chinese religion.
David Erdos
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- March 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198841982
- eISBN:
- 9780191878039
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198841982.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law, EU Law
This chapter explores the interface between professional journalism and early efforts at European data protection regulation prior to the genesis of the Data Protection Directive in the 1990s. ...
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This chapter explores the interface between professional journalism and early efforts at European data protection regulation prior to the genesis of the Data Protection Directive in the 1990s. Despite some pan-European efforts to explore this interaction including through the Council of Europe’s Committee of Experts on Data Protection, European States took a strongly divergent approach to this from the beginning. In many cases, a clear gap—generally in favour of the media—was apparent between the statutory requirements laid down in law and practical implementation on the ground. Nevertheless, a number of Nordic Data Protection Authorities made a sustained and far-reaching attempt to constrain media databases including, in some cases, by banning publicly available electronic news archives entirely and heavily regulating internal record-keeping or press libraries. This regulation was particularly focused on ensuring a right to be forgotten, to rehabilitation, and to the rectification of inaccuracies. However, this stringent approach came under sustained attack especially following the birth of the World Wide Web. The end of the period was marked by a growing consensus that most journalistic activity did fall within the scope of data protection but that wide-ranging derogations from its default norms were necessary in order to safeguard freedom of expression.Less
This chapter explores the interface between professional journalism and early efforts at European data protection regulation prior to the genesis of the Data Protection Directive in the 1990s. Despite some pan-European efforts to explore this interaction including through the Council of Europe’s Committee of Experts on Data Protection, European States took a strongly divergent approach to this from the beginning. In many cases, a clear gap—generally in favour of the media—was apparent between the statutory requirements laid down in law and practical implementation on the ground. Nevertheless, a number of Nordic Data Protection Authorities made a sustained and far-reaching attempt to constrain media databases including, in some cases, by banning publicly available electronic news archives entirely and heavily regulating internal record-keeping or press libraries. This regulation was particularly focused on ensuring a right to be forgotten, to rehabilitation, and to the rectification of inaccuracies. However, this stringent approach came under sustained attack especially following the birth of the World Wide Web. The end of the period was marked by a growing consensus that most journalistic activity did fall within the scope of data protection but that wide-ranging derogations from its default norms were necessary in order to safeguard freedom of expression.
