Deborah Howard and Laura Moretti (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197265055
- eISBN:
- 9780191754166
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265055.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This book investigates the use of secular space for music-making in Early Modern France and Italy. This era is remarkable for the growing importance of music in domestic life, ranging from elaborate ...
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This book investigates the use of secular space for music-making in Early Modern France and Italy. This era is remarkable for the growing importance of music in domestic life, ranging from elaborate court festivities to family recreation. In parallel with the emergence of the theatre as a separate building type, music-making in elite circles became more specialised through the employment of paid musicians, as opposed to amateur participation by the inhabitants and their guests. Meanwhile, however, music printing and the mass-production of instruments, especially lutes, allowed music-making to diffuse down the social scale. The book shows how spaces specifically designed for music began to appear in private dwellings, while existing rooms became adapted for the purpose. At first, the number of rooms specifically identifiable as ‘music rooms’ was very small, but gradually, over the following 150 years, specialised music rooms began to appear in larger residences in both France and Italy. A major theme of the book is the relationship between the size and purpose of the room and the kinds of music performed – depending on the size, portability and loudness of different instruments; the types of music suited to spaces of different dimensions; the role of music in dancing and banqueting; and the positions of players and listeners. Musical instruments were often elaborately decorated to become works of art in their own right.Less
This book investigates the use of secular space for music-making in Early Modern France and Italy. This era is remarkable for the growing importance of music in domestic life, ranging from elaborate court festivities to family recreation. In parallel with the emergence of the theatre as a separate building type, music-making in elite circles became more specialised through the employment of paid musicians, as opposed to amateur participation by the inhabitants and their guests. Meanwhile, however, music printing and the mass-production of instruments, especially lutes, allowed music-making to diffuse down the social scale. The book shows how spaces specifically designed for music began to appear in private dwellings, while existing rooms became adapted for the purpose. At first, the number of rooms specifically identifiable as ‘music rooms’ was very small, but gradually, over the following 150 years, specialised music rooms began to appear in larger residences in both France and Italy. A major theme of the book is the relationship between the size and purpose of the room and the kinds of music performed – depending on the size, portability and loudness of different instruments; the types of music suited to spaces of different dimensions; the role of music in dancing and banqueting; and the positions of players and listeners. Musical instruments were often elaborately decorated to become works of art in their own right.
Emma Griffin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263211
- eISBN:
- 9780191734427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263211.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter gives an extended analysis of street recreations. It does this in two ways. It continues the chronological history of street recreations from earlier chapters and looks at the fortunes ...
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This chapter gives an extended analysis of street recreations. It does this in two ways. It continues the chronological history of street recreations from earlier chapters and looks at the fortunes of events that were once funded by civic elites in the years following the end of these payments. It also considers forms of civic recreations that did not have routine funding, and examines the cycle of pleasure fairs and the occasional public celebrations. The chapter concludes with a discussion of ephemeral events and plebeian street recreation.Less
This chapter gives an extended analysis of street recreations. It does this in two ways. It continues the chronological history of street recreations from earlier chapters and looks at the fortunes of events that were once funded by civic elites in the years following the end of these payments. It also considers forms of civic recreations that did not have routine funding, and examines the cycle of pleasure fairs and the occasional public celebrations. The chapter concludes with a discussion of ephemeral events and plebeian street recreation.
John MacDonald, Charles Branas, and Robert Stokes
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691195216
- eISBN:
- 9780691197791
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691195216.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
The design of every aspect of the urban landscape—from streets and sidewalks to green spaces, mass transit, and housing—fundamentally influences the health and safety of the communities who live ...
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The design of every aspect of the urban landscape—from streets and sidewalks to green spaces, mass transit, and housing—fundamentally influences the health and safety of the communities who live there. It can affect people's stress levels and determine whether they walk or drive, the quality of the air they breathe, and how free they are from crime. This book provides a compelling look at the new science and art of urban planning, showing how scientists, planners, and citizens can work together to reshape city life in measurably positive ways. It demonstrates how well-designed changes to place can significantly improve the well-being of large groups of people. The book argues that there is a disconnect between those who implement place-based changes, such as planners and developers, and the urban scientists who are now able to rigorously evaluate these changes through testing and experimentation. It covers a broad range of structural interventions, such as building and housing, land and open space, transportation and street environments, and entertainment and recreation centers. Science shows we can enhance people's health and safety by changing neighborhoods block-by-block. The book explains why planners and developers need to recognize the value of scientific testing, and why scientists need to embrace the indispensable know-how of planners and developers. It reveals how these professionals, working together and with urban residents, can create place-based interventions that are simple, affordable, and scalable to entire cities.Less
The design of every aspect of the urban landscape—from streets and sidewalks to green spaces, mass transit, and housing—fundamentally influences the health and safety of the communities who live there. It can affect people's stress levels and determine whether they walk or drive, the quality of the air they breathe, and how free they are from crime. This book provides a compelling look at the new science and art of urban planning, showing how scientists, planners, and citizens can work together to reshape city life in measurably positive ways. It demonstrates how well-designed changes to place can significantly improve the well-being of large groups of people. The book argues that there is a disconnect between those who implement place-based changes, such as planners and developers, and the urban scientists who are now able to rigorously evaluate these changes through testing and experimentation. It covers a broad range of structural interventions, such as building and housing, land and open space, transportation and street environments, and entertainment and recreation centers. Science shows we can enhance people's health and safety by changing neighborhoods block-by-block. The book explains why planners and developers need to recognize the value of scientific testing, and why scientists need to embrace the indispensable know-how of planners and developers. It reveals how these professionals, working together and with urban residents, can create place-based interventions that are simple, affordable, and scalable to entire cities.
Bernard Capp
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199255986
- eISBN:
- 9780191719592
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199255986.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This chapter addresses the question: what opportunities did ordinary women enjoy for recreation in early modern England, and what forms might it take? It considers the role of religion in women's ...
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This chapter addresses the question: what opportunities did ordinary women enjoy for recreation in early modern England, and what forms might it take? It considers the role of religion in women's lives. It cites the importance of mutual support in women's lives, which remains the clearest evidence for a distinctively female subculture.Less
This chapter addresses the question: what opportunities did ordinary women enjoy for recreation in early modern England, and what forms might it take? It considers the role of religion in women's lives. It cites the importance of mutual support in women's lives, which remains the clearest evidence for a distinctively female subculture.
Roger B. Manning
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198203247
- eISBN:
- 9780191675805
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203247.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This study of hunting and poaching, both of which played significant roles in England during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, explores symbolic and covert forms of protest, and adds to the ...
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This study of hunting and poaching, both of which played significant roles in England during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, explores symbolic and covert forms of protest, and adds to the knowledge of the interaction between aristocratic and popular culture in early-modern England. Deer hunting was an integral part of aristocratic and gentry culture. It afforded not only recreation, but also served as a symbolic substitute for war and rebellion. Deer hunting provided the occasion for adolescent rites of passage, displays of power and feats of daring, the pursuit of aristocratic feuds, and competition for forest and game offices. The distinction between lawful and unlawful hunting remained unclear, for the game laws were obscure and difficult to enforce, and tumultuous hunting was frequently a reaction to changes in land use and conflicting use-rights.Less
This study of hunting and poaching, both of which played significant roles in England during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, explores symbolic and covert forms of protest, and adds to the knowledge of the interaction between aristocratic and popular culture in early-modern England. Deer hunting was an integral part of aristocratic and gentry culture. It afforded not only recreation, but also served as a symbolic substitute for war and rebellion. Deer hunting provided the occasion for adolescent rites of passage, displays of power and feats of daring, the pursuit of aristocratic feuds, and competition for forest and game offices. The distinction between lawful and unlawful hunting remained unclear, for the game laws were obscure and difficult to enforce, and tumultuous hunting was frequently a reaction to changes in land use and conflicting use-rights.
Emma Griffin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263211
- eISBN:
- 9780191734427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263211.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter discusses the practice of recreation in rural areas. It focuses on the spaces where the games were played. It examines the long-forgotten sport of camping, which illustrates both the ...
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This chapter discusses the practice of recreation in rural areas. It focuses on the spaces where the games were played. It examines the long-forgotten sport of camping, which illustrates both the possibilities and the problems of using space to explore the history of popular recreations in the rural context.Less
This chapter discusses the practice of recreation in rural areas. It focuses on the spaces where the games were played. It examines the long-forgotten sport of camping, which illustrates both the possibilities and the problems of using space to explore the history of popular recreations in the rural context.
Peter Borsay
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202554
- eISBN:
- 9780191675409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202554.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter discusses a popular physical recreation: sports. Several sports became popular during the Renaissance. Bat and ball sports, animal sports, and horse-racing all gained popularity during ...
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This chapter discusses a popular physical recreation: sports. Several sports became popular during the Renaissance. Bat and ball sports, animal sports, and horse-racing all gained popularity during this time. One of the most popular sports during the 17th and early 18th centuries was bowling. Several bowling-green houses were built and could be found in almost every city. Animal sports also became a popular leisure for gentlemen during this period. Cock-fighting grew in popularity also during this time. Aside from cock-fighting, horse-racing gained its popularity primarily as an animal sport for the elites and aristocrats. Indeed, horse-racing was the most rapidly developing and commercially oriented physical recreation during the 18th century.Less
This chapter discusses a popular physical recreation: sports. Several sports became popular during the Renaissance. Bat and ball sports, animal sports, and horse-racing all gained popularity during this time. One of the most popular sports during the 17th and early 18th centuries was bowling. Several bowling-green houses were built and could be found in almost every city. Animal sports also became a popular leisure for gentlemen during this period. Cock-fighting grew in popularity also during this time. Aside from cock-fighting, horse-racing gained its popularity primarily as an animal sport for the elites and aristocrats. Indeed, horse-racing was the most rapidly developing and commercially oriented physical recreation during the 18th century.
Helena Chance
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781784993009
- eISBN:
- 9781526124043
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784993009.001.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
From the 1880s, a new type of designed green space appeared in the industrial landscape in Britain and the USA, the factory pleasure garden and recreation park, and some companies opened allotment ...
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From the 1880s, a new type of designed green space appeared in the industrial landscape in Britain and the USA, the factory pleasure garden and recreation park, and some companies opened allotment gardens for local children. Initially inspired by the landscapes of industrial villages in the UK, progressive American and British industrialists employed landscape and garden architects to improve the advantages and aesthetic of their factories. In the US, these landscapes were created at a time of the USA’s ascendancy as the world’s leading industrial nation. The factory garden and park movement flourished between the Wars, driven by the belief in the value of gardens and parks to employee welfare and to recruitment and retention. Arguably above all, in an age of burgeoning mass media, factory landscaping represented calculated exercises in public relations, materially contributing to advertising and the development of attractive corporate identities. Following the Second World War the Americans led the way in corporate landscaping as suburban office campuses, estates and parks multiplied. In the twenty-first century a refreshed approach brings designs closer in spirit to pioneering early twentieth century factory landscapes. This book gives the first comprehensive and comparative account of the contribution of gardens, gardening and sports to the history of responsible capitalism and ethical working practices from multiple critical perspectives and draws together the existing literature with key primary material from some of the most innovative and best documented of the corporate landscapes; Cadbury, the National Cash Register Company, Shredded Wheat and Spirella Corsets.Less
From the 1880s, a new type of designed green space appeared in the industrial landscape in Britain and the USA, the factory pleasure garden and recreation park, and some companies opened allotment gardens for local children. Initially inspired by the landscapes of industrial villages in the UK, progressive American and British industrialists employed landscape and garden architects to improve the advantages and aesthetic of their factories. In the US, these landscapes were created at a time of the USA’s ascendancy as the world’s leading industrial nation. The factory garden and park movement flourished between the Wars, driven by the belief in the value of gardens and parks to employee welfare and to recruitment and retention. Arguably above all, in an age of burgeoning mass media, factory landscaping represented calculated exercises in public relations, materially contributing to advertising and the development of attractive corporate identities. Following the Second World War the Americans led the way in corporate landscaping as suburban office campuses, estates and parks multiplied. In the twenty-first century a refreshed approach brings designs closer in spirit to pioneering early twentieth century factory landscapes. This book gives the first comprehensive and comparative account of the contribution of gardens, gardening and sports to the history of responsible capitalism and ethical working practices from multiple critical perspectives and draws together the existing literature with key primary material from some of the most innovative and best documented of the corporate landscapes; Cadbury, the National Cash Register Company, Shredded Wheat and Spirella Corsets.
Cindy S. Aron
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195142341
- eISBN:
- 9780199849024
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195142341.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter charts the foundation of resorts in the United States, the development of the first American vacationing public, and the debate over leisure that emerged toward the middle decades of the ...
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This chapter charts the foundation of resorts in the United States, the development of the first American vacationing public, and the debate over leisure that emerged toward the middle decades of the 19th century. It explores how elite Americans sought health and pleasure at springs and seashore and how more middling folks used religious camp meetings as sources of both recreation and spiritual restoration. Significantly, neither of these groups would have used the word “vacation” to characterize their ventures. Only in the mid-century were vacations used to describe such journeys—at roughly the same time that ministers, doctors, and journalists began to devote considerable attention to the problems of leisure and amusement. The debate that ensued echoed persistent and enduring tensions within American culture over whether, how much, and under what conditions men and women might allow themselves time away from work for the purpose of recreation.Less
This chapter charts the foundation of resorts in the United States, the development of the first American vacationing public, and the debate over leisure that emerged toward the middle decades of the 19th century. It explores how elite Americans sought health and pleasure at springs and seashore and how more middling folks used religious camp meetings as sources of both recreation and spiritual restoration. Significantly, neither of these groups would have used the word “vacation” to characterize their ventures. Only in the mid-century were vacations used to describe such journeys—at roughly the same time that ministers, doctors, and journalists began to devote considerable attention to the problems of leisure and amusement. The debate that ensued echoed persistent and enduring tensions within American culture over whether, how much, and under what conditions men and women might allow themselves time away from work for the purpose of recreation.
Cindy S. Aron
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195142341
- eISBN:
- 9780199849024
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195142341.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Social History
Beginning in the 1850s and only temporarily interrupted by the Civil War, the growth of vacationing in the United States proceeded rapidly in the three decades after 1870. Railroads played a critical ...
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Beginning in the 1850s and only temporarily interrupted by the Civil War, the growth of vacationing in the United States proceeded rapidly in the three decades after 1870. Railroads played a critical role, providing not only the means of getting vacationers where they wanted to go, but the advertisements to lure them and the capital to build many resorts. Over the last half of the 19th century, part of what distinguished the middle class from those lower down the social ladder was the possibility, if not necessarily the guarantee, of a summer vacation. Reading in their newspapers and hearing from ministers and doctors that recreation could be good for them, more men and women began during the 1850s to venture from home for at least short pleasure trips. The decision—hotel or boarding house, cottage or farmhouse—depended partly on the needs, desires, and expectations of the vacationers. But it also rested on money. Vacation places came at all prices.Less
Beginning in the 1850s and only temporarily interrupted by the Civil War, the growth of vacationing in the United States proceeded rapidly in the three decades after 1870. Railroads played a critical role, providing not only the means of getting vacationers where they wanted to go, but the advertisements to lure them and the capital to build many resorts. Over the last half of the 19th century, part of what distinguished the middle class from those lower down the social ladder was the possibility, if not necessarily the guarantee, of a summer vacation. Reading in their newspapers and hearing from ministers and doctors that recreation could be good for them, more men and women began during the 1850s to venture from home for at least short pleasure trips. The decision—hotel or boarding house, cottage or farmhouse—depended partly on the needs, desires, and expectations of the vacationers. But it also rested on money. Vacation places came at all prices.
Cindy S. Aron
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195142341
- eISBN:
- 9780199849024
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195142341.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Social History
The last quarter of the 19th century witnessed the emergence of camping as an increasingly prevalent form of vacationing. As early as the 1850s, some members of the elite began tramping off into the ...
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The last quarter of the 19th century witnessed the emergence of camping as an increasingly prevalent form of vacationing. As early as the 1850s, some members of the elite began tramping off into the wilderness for rest and recreation, sometimes taking with them an entourage of friends, family, servants, guides, and equipment. Camping seemed to fit perfectly the needs of a growing vacationing public. It promised health, rest, and enjoyment—all for a moderate price. While much less self-consciously a time for intellectual self-improvement than a vacation at a chautauqua or even a touring vacation, camping nevertheless offered the spiritual benefits that allegedly came from close contact with nature and the physical benefits that accrued from fresh air and healthful outdoor living. The camping vacations of the upper and middle class with which this chapter deals differed from the hunting ventures of rural people.Less
The last quarter of the 19th century witnessed the emergence of camping as an increasingly prevalent form of vacationing. As early as the 1850s, some members of the elite began tramping off into the wilderness for rest and recreation, sometimes taking with them an entourage of friends, family, servants, guides, and equipment. Camping seemed to fit perfectly the needs of a growing vacationing public. It promised health, rest, and enjoyment—all for a moderate price. While much less self-consciously a time for intellectual self-improvement than a vacation at a chautauqua or even a touring vacation, camping nevertheless offered the spiritual benefits that allegedly came from close contact with nature and the physical benefits that accrued from fresh air and healthful outdoor living. The camping vacations of the upper and middle class with which this chapter deals differed from the hunting ventures of rural people.
Anne D. Wallace
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198183280
- eISBN:
- 9780191674006
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198183280.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
This chapter discusses the changing interpretative meaning of excursive walking observed and practiced by the educated and the wealthy during the 19th century. In this chapter, the focus is centred ...
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This chapter discusses the changing interpretative meaning of excursive walking observed and practiced by the educated and the wealthy during the 19th century. In this chapter, the focus is centred on excursive walking, wandering, and pedestrian touring — an increasing trend in the highest echelon of English society during the mid-19th century seen and perceived as an educative means of travel. The restrictive nature of walking as a necessity was changed into a deliberate educative travel bounded by aesthetics and recreation. This chapter discusses the natural and primitive quality of the physical act of walking wherein walking is seen as a means to reconnect with the natural proportions of man's perceptions, to reconnect the physical world to the moral order inherent in it, and to enable the recollection of the personal past and the racial past.Less
This chapter discusses the changing interpretative meaning of excursive walking observed and practiced by the educated and the wealthy during the 19th century. In this chapter, the focus is centred on excursive walking, wandering, and pedestrian touring — an increasing trend in the highest echelon of English society during the mid-19th century seen and perceived as an educative means of travel. The restrictive nature of walking as a necessity was changed into a deliberate educative travel bounded by aesthetics and recreation. This chapter discusses the natural and primitive quality of the physical act of walking wherein walking is seen as a means to reconnect with the natural proportions of man's perceptions, to reconnect the physical world to the moral order inherent in it, and to enable the recollection of the personal past and the racial past.
J. G. Fuller
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201786
- eISBN:
- 9780191675010
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201786.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, Military History
This chapter discusses the continuity of the leisure and recreational traditions of the British and Dominion armies even after the war. The development of recreation in the British army, including ...
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This chapter discusses the continuity of the leisure and recreational traditions of the British and Dominion armies even after the war. The development of recreation in the British army, including divisional concert parties, race meetings, and football matches, owed much to the lead given by the Regulars, which in turn built upon the traditions of the peacetime army. These traditions evolved in response to the social character of the peacetime army and the isolation of the garrison life overseas.Less
This chapter discusses the continuity of the leisure and recreational traditions of the British and Dominion armies even after the war. The development of recreation in the British army, including divisional concert parties, race meetings, and football matches, owed much to the lead given by the Regulars, which in turn built upon the traditions of the peacetime army. These traditions evolved in response to the social character of the peacetime army and the isolation of the garrison life overseas.
J. G. Fuller
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201786
- eISBN:
- 9780191675010
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201786.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, Military History
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on troop morale of the frontline soldiers of the British and Dominion armies during World War I. The evidence of the troop journals and other ...
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This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on troop morale of the frontline soldiers of the British and Dominion armies during World War I. The evidence of the troop journals and other sources reveals that the British and Dominion troops carried over from civilian life many institutions and attitudes which helped them cope with the trench experience. The soldiers were able to enjoy various types of recreation, including football, musical comedy, and music hall. Regular army traditions of control and keeping the men always busy helped create the scope for the translation of these forms of civilian life to take place.Less
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on troop morale of the frontline soldiers of the British and Dominion armies during World War I. The evidence of the troop journals and other sources reveals that the British and Dominion troops carried over from civilian life many institutions and attitudes which helped them cope with the trench experience. The soldiers were able to enjoy various types of recreation, including football, musical comedy, and music hall. Regular army traditions of control and keeping the men always busy helped create the scope for the translation of these forms of civilian life to take place.
Barbara K. Jones
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781683401049
- eISBN:
- 9781683401728
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683401049.003.0003
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
The ecosystem services model as a valuation tool for cultural capital relies on human well-being as the metric for assigning nature a value that makes sense in a world full of competing choices. If ...
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The ecosystem services model as a valuation tool for cultural capital relies on human well-being as the metric for assigning nature a value that makes sense in a world full of competing choices. If the entire added value of a forest that includes wildlife habitat, recreation, and carbon sequestration is calculated, its continued existence as an intact forest ecosystem can more effectively compete against alternative uses that could either destroy the forest or diminish its services to us. Without a measurable value determined through marginal cost-benefit analysis and the consumer’s willingness to pay, however, the forest ecosystem would be assigned a dollar value of zero, making development the easy default choice. Since outdoor recreation in nature contributes to our well-being, it becomes one of the tools we can use to assign nature value. Responsible travel as ecotourists involves taking visitors into natural areas to educate them about a region’s natural and cultural heritage, as well as to sustain the well-being of local people. Ecotourism can change our relationship with the natural world, as well as teach us how to be better tourists.Less
The ecosystem services model as a valuation tool for cultural capital relies on human well-being as the metric for assigning nature a value that makes sense in a world full of competing choices. If the entire added value of a forest that includes wildlife habitat, recreation, and carbon sequestration is calculated, its continued existence as an intact forest ecosystem can more effectively compete against alternative uses that could either destroy the forest or diminish its services to us. Without a measurable value determined through marginal cost-benefit analysis and the consumer’s willingness to pay, however, the forest ecosystem would be assigned a dollar value of zero, making development the easy default choice. Since outdoor recreation in nature contributes to our well-being, it becomes one of the tools we can use to assign nature value. Responsible travel as ecotourists involves taking visitors into natural areas to educate them about a region’s natural and cultural heritage, as well as to sustain the well-being of local people. Ecotourism can change our relationship with the natural world, as well as teach us how to be better tourists.
Barbara K. Jones
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781683401049
- eISBN:
- 9781683401728
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683401049.003.0010
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
The ecosystem services model plays a critical role in explaining how natural resources can be turned into wild or natural capital. The logic of economics relies on weighing the measurable values of ...
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The ecosystem services model plays a critical role in explaining how natural resources can be turned into wild or natural capital. The logic of economics relies on weighing the measurable values of competing choices when making decisions. Through that process, if we value the functions and products of ecosystems that benefit humans or yield welfare to society, we become better stewards of the natural world. For this book’s purposes, ecotourism as a cultural service clearly demonstrates how consumers of outdoor recreation see value in activities like wildlife viewing or hiking in nature. For wild nature to persist, however, it must be part of a larger system that is bound not only by biological ties, but by economic and cultural incentives as well. Since the boundaries that determine human and wild nature’s space are rather fluid and rarely entirely isolated from the other, using ecotourism to help assign nature value is logical. By offering individuals the opportunity to see nature through a variety of lenses, nature can be protected and preserved in different degrees. If nature and wildlife remain outside our human experience, however, inspiring the love and concern necessary for its survival becomes more and more difficult.Less
The ecosystem services model plays a critical role in explaining how natural resources can be turned into wild or natural capital. The logic of economics relies on weighing the measurable values of competing choices when making decisions. Through that process, if we value the functions and products of ecosystems that benefit humans or yield welfare to society, we become better stewards of the natural world. For this book’s purposes, ecotourism as a cultural service clearly demonstrates how consumers of outdoor recreation see value in activities like wildlife viewing or hiking in nature. For wild nature to persist, however, it must be part of a larger system that is bound not only by biological ties, but by economic and cultural incentives as well. Since the boundaries that determine human and wild nature’s space are rather fluid and rarely entirely isolated from the other, using ecotourism to help assign nature value is logical. By offering individuals the opportunity to see nature through a variety of lenses, nature can be protected and preserved in different degrees. If nature and wildlife remain outside our human experience, however, inspiring the love and concern necessary for its survival becomes more and more difficult.
Ashley Jackson
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207641
- eISBN:
- 9780191677762
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207641.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Because the Botswana troops were of a different origin and were generally unfamiliar with the military system, their effectiveness as soldiers mainly depended on those who served as liasons between ...
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Because the Botswana troops were of a different origin and were generally unfamiliar with the military system, their effectiveness as soldiers mainly depended on those who served as liasons between them, the other soldiers they worked with, and the British officers, which included the following: the British welfare officers, the Botswana RSMs, and the sergeants who were in charge of leading their men in daily responsibilities and dealt with the concerns and grievances of these soldiers in terms of matters of both army life and home. Aside from providing the necessary communications network for keeping in touch with the families these soldiers had left at home, the HC and the DO ensured that the soldiers received the most sympathetic treatment possible during warfare. This chapter looks into various aspects of welfare and how the soldiers were with disciplined at war. It also examines how the soldiers were able to learn more about white people, ‘white prestige’, and other such issues of race relations, along with investigating how the soldiers kept themselves busy when they were off duty.Less
Because the Botswana troops were of a different origin and were generally unfamiliar with the military system, their effectiveness as soldiers mainly depended on those who served as liasons between them, the other soldiers they worked with, and the British officers, which included the following: the British welfare officers, the Botswana RSMs, and the sergeants who were in charge of leading their men in daily responsibilities and dealt with the concerns and grievances of these soldiers in terms of matters of both army life and home. Aside from providing the necessary communications network for keeping in touch with the families these soldiers had left at home, the HC and the DO ensured that the soldiers received the most sympathetic treatment possible during warfare. This chapter looks into various aspects of welfare and how the soldiers were with disciplined at war. It also examines how the soldiers were able to learn more about white people, ‘white prestige’, and other such issues of race relations, along with investigating how the soldiers kept themselves busy when they were off duty.
Paul Griffiths
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204756
- eISBN:
- 9780191676390
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204756.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This chapter examines the religious commitment and recreation of youth in Tudor and Stuart England. It explores the issues of peer association, formative experiences, conformity and opposition from a ...
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This chapter examines the religious commitment and recreation of youth in Tudor and Stuart England. It explores the issues of peer association, formative experiences, conformity and opposition from a youthful perspective. It highlights the role of the Church in shaping the time and manners of youth, analyses the youth's involvement in divine service, and their visits to alehouses in order to trace the expressions of identities which communicated the difference of the ages in hairstyles, dress, and entertainment.Less
This chapter examines the religious commitment and recreation of youth in Tudor and Stuart England. It explores the issues of peer association, formative experiences, conformity and opposition from a youthful perspective. It highlights the role of the Church in shaping the time and manners of youth, analyses the youth's involvement in divine service, and their visits to alehouses in order to trace the expressions of identities which communicated the difference of the ages in hairstyles, dress, and entertainment.
Emma Griffin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263211
- eISBN:
- 9780191734427
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263211.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This study looks at the relationship between popular recreations and the spaces in which they took place, and in doing so it provides a history of how England enjoyed itself during the long ...
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This study looks at the relationship between popular recreations and the spaces in which they took place, and in doing so it provides a history of how England enjoyed itself during the long eighteenth century. Because the poor lacked land of their own, public spaces were needed for their sports and pastimes. Such recreations included: parish wakes and feasts; civic fairs and celebrations; football, cricket and other athletic sports; bull- and bear-baiting; and the annual celebrations of Shrove Tuesday and Guy Fawkes. Three case studies form the core of this book, each looking at the recreations and spaces to be found in different types of settlement: first, the streets and squares of provincial market towns; then the diverse vacant spaces to be found in industrialising towns and villages of the west Midlands and West Riding of Yorkshire; and finally the village greens of rural England. Through a detailed examination of contemporary books, diaries and newspapers, and records in over forty archives, the book addresses the questions of what spaces were used, and what was the interaction with those who used and controlled the land. The Industrial Revolution has been seen to have had a negative impact on popular recreation; through its use of the concept of space, this book provides an alternative to this traditional view.Less
This study looks at the relationship between popular recreations and the spaces in which they took place, and in doing so it provides a history of how England enjoyed itself during the long eighteenth century. Because the poor lacked land of their own, public spaces were needed for their sports and pastimes. Such recreations included: parish wakes and feasts; civic fairs and celebrations; football, cricket and other athletic sports; bull- and bear-baiting; and the annual celebrations of Shrove Tuesday and Guy Fawkes. Three case studies form the core of this book, each looking at the recreations and spaces to be found in different types of settlement: first, the streets and squares of provincial market towns; then the diverse vacant spaces to be found in industrialising towns and villages of the west Midlands and West Riding of Yorkshire; and finally the village greens of rural England. Through a detailed examination of contemporary books, diaries and newspapers, and records in over forty archives, the book addresses the questions of what spaces were used, and what was the interaction with those who used and controlled the land. The Industrial Revolution has been seen to have had a negative impact on popular recreation; through its use of the concept of space, this book provides an alternative to this traditional view.
S. P. Mackenzie
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199203079
- eISBN:
- 9780191695469
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199203079.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Military History
The single most significant difference in the prisoner-of-war experience of other ranks, as against that of officers, related to employment. Jobs could be immensely tedious and fatiguing, a world ...
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The single most significant difference in the prisoner-of-war experience of other ranks, as against that of officers, related to employment. Jobs could be immensely tedious and fatiguing, a world away from the concerts, games, and other forms of recreation working men imagined were available to ‘Stalag Wallahs’ and those confined in oflags. Many officers at Colditz took goon baiting to a level of rambunctiousness bordering on sometimes outright violence that was rare in most prison camps. The prisoners of war at Oflag IVC worked hard at playing, and for some of their transgressions against enemy authority would pay the penalty in the form of German retaliatory actions. Yet relations never deteriorated to the extent feared by some, and Colditz in fact turned out to be the very opposite of a Straflager, insofar as most of its inhabitants avoided the mass reprisals imposed on the men of other oflags or stalags. In a paradoxical way, being a prisoner at Colditz turned out to have its rewards.Less
The single most significant difference in the prisoner-of-war experience of other ranks, as against that of officers, related to employment. Jobs could be immensely tedious and fatiguing, a world away from the concerts, games, and other forms of recreation working men imagined were available to ‘Stalag Wallahs’ and those confined in oflags. Many officers at Colditz took goon baiting to a level of rambunctiousness bordering on sometimes outright violence that was rare in most prison camps. The prisoners of war at Oflag IVC worked hard at playing, and for some of their transgressions against enemy authority would pay the penalty in the form of German retaliatory actions. Yet relations never deteriorated to the extent feared by some, and Colditz in fact turned out to be the very opposite of a Straflager, insofar as most of its inhabitants avoided the mass reprisals imposed on the men of other oflags or stalags. In a paradoxical way, being a prisoner at Colditz turned out to have its rewards.
