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This chapter describes methods for validating the measurements made using flow-through respirometry. These methods include the injection of nitrogen at a known flow rate into a respirometry system; burning a small flame of ethanol or methanol at a rate measured by weighing the lamp (often called “alcohol recovery”); and burning hydrocarbon gases such as methane, ethane, or propane. The first two techniques yield information on absolute oxygen consumption rates; the gas flame technique yields information on ratios between oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, as does the alcohol recovery technique. Full practical details including all relevant equations are given.

This chapter describes some of the theoretical notions that led to the foundation of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) approach to supported employment. Psychiatric rehabilitation theory indicates that individual functioning is enhanced by supportive environments and skill development. The theory of recovery is that people can move beyond illness and have meaningful life activities such as work. Disability is not an inherent part of illness but a secondary problem resulting from ways society marginalizes people (e.g., stigma, segregation). Furthermore, community mental health treatments and policies have resulted in experiences that lead to disempowerment and deflating learning experiences. For example, people steered to work in sheltered workshops come to believe that they can only work in that setting. Theories that have not been tested may lead to false information. For example, the notion that parallel services are more effective than integrated services was tested and found to be false. While there are many theories in psychology and rehabilitation, IPS supported employment is based not only on theory but also on empirical outcome studies.

This chapter summarizes the arguments of the book and considers their ethical implications for both medieval and contemporary readers of the Compendium of Training. It employs a feminist hermeneutics of recovery and suspicion to suggest how an early medieval Indian Buddhist discourse on bodies can offer intellectual resources for contemporary scholars and practitioners.

This chapter explores Russia’s attempts to come to terms with its Stalinist past in an endeavour to build a civil society based on the rule of law. It begins by examining the nature of Stalinist repression and the legacy of Soviet terror. It goes on to focus on halted official efforts at truth telling, and persistent unofficial efforts, led by the organization Memorial, at remembering and commemorating; this provides insight into the issues that daunted the quest for moral recovery. The chapter then looks at post-Soviet efforts to come to terms with the Stalinist past, and finally it assesses the impact of the discussion of past injustices, or the politics of memory, on Russia’s subsequent process of democratization. The information presented and the conclusions drawn are necessarily based on a number of scattered sources, including memoirs, interviews and official archives; Russia’s experience is unique, and difficult to compare with other post-authoritarian political systems, especially as democracy has not taken substantial hold, and, since the transition is so new, questions of accountability are only beginning to be addressed.

This chapter describes three different types of situations in organizations where knowledge retention strategies are needed. It then provides an overview of an integrated knowledge retention framework that includes: human resources practices and processes; knowledge transfer practices; information technology applications to capture, store, and share knowledge; and knowledge recovery initiatives.

This chapter describes three strategies that managers can use when employees actually leave an organization with critical intellectual capital. One is effectively rehiring retirees or other ex-employees who return to work in the organization as contractors or consultants. The pros and cons of this increasingly common practice, which has led to the growth of a segment known as the “working retired”, are discussed. Another solution involves making smart outsourcing decisions about how to replace critical capabilities that a firm can no longer sustain internally. It is argued that outsourcing can actually accelerate the loss of essential knowledge and make organizations more vulnerable in the long term. When unique capabilities are lost, a detailed case study is presented with a suggested process for lost knowledge recovery.

This chapter examines the New Left argument that the Marshall Plan evolved out of the corporatist framework of American foreign economic policy-making set before the Second World War. It also challenges the notion that the economic goals and programmes of the Marshall Plan enhanced and remained compatible with the thrust of cold war strategic defence. As evidence to the contrary, this chapter focuses on one Marshall Aid programme, the US Productivity and Technical Assistance Programme (USTA&P), and its struggle to advance business reform overseas in the face of shifting cold war military objectives and European reactions.

The canonization process always sought the input of doctors wielding the most up-to-date diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Over time, the average number of physicians involved steadily increased. Consultants sometimes argued over the diagnosis or management. Local experts were invoked to ascertain the physical condition of the supposedly cured patient, or to comment on the extraordinary nature of the events. The average number of medical experts also increased through time.

The investigation annoyed some doctors; others were defensive, especially when the testimony was elicited many years after the cure. Originally a question about the religious practices of witnesses was a key part of their testimony. Eventually, medical witnesses were not required to be practicing Catholics; some were Protestants or Jews. In all cases, the doctors’ testimony was sought for its scientific content and clinical expertise. Miracles take place when the doctor is surprised by the outcome of desperate situations.

This chapter explores the ethical implications resulting from this revised understanding of the self, freedom, and God's grace—implications that are relevant to trauma survivors and to Christian communities as a whole. This chapter argues that this revised theology of freedom and grace intensifies our sense of collective responsibility for enabling one another's freedom before God. The chapter proceeds to examine how Christian communities can practically reach out to trauma survivors to facilitate healing and recovery from traumatic violence. There is hope that creative acts of neighbor‐love can mediate divine grace, fostering incest survivors' freedom to relate lovingly to God and neighbor.

This chapter introduces all the abstract notions and results on Gamma-convergence. Starting from upper and lower-semicontinuous functions, Gamma-convergence is defined and its differences from other types of convergence are illustrated. A number of equivalent definitions are given, including the liminf inequality and the existence of recovery sequences; the equality of upper and lower bonds, through Moreau-Yosida transforms; and the convergence of minimum problems. Upper and lower Gamma-limits are introduced, and their properties in the framework of lower-semicontinuous functions are illustrated. The main properties of compactness and stability are proved. The notion of development by Gamma-convergence is introduced.

This chapter assembles evidence for the ‘British empire’ created by the usurpation of Carausius, which lasted from AD 286 to 293; his overthrow by his lieutenant Allectus; and the latter’s rule from 293 to 296. For both men, the questions of their origin and previous career are analysed. In the case of Allectus, it is argued that he was not rationalis summae rei (finance minister) of Carausius, but probably prefect of the guard. This is followed by an account of the recovery of Britain by the Caesar Constantius I. The literary sources and the single inscription of Carausius are cited in full, with translations and particular attention paid to the coinage of the two usurpers. On Carausius’ coins, several references to Virgil can now be identified.

This chapter reviews a program of research that was designed to explore the health benefits of helping or giving support to others. This work was inspired by a new evolutionary theory of altruism, selective investment theory (SIT), which recasts the functional significance of social bonds as designed by natural selection to promote adaptive instances of giving. SIT assumes that social bonds enable individuals to suppress self-interest so that they can reliably prioritize and promote the well-being of another, even at a cost to the self. In this way, the social bond resolves the motivational conflict inherent in deciding whether to promote self versus other interests. The chapter describes the results of four studies that demonstrate the health benefits of helping others, including decreased mortality risk, recovery from depressive symptoms following spousal loss, and relief from cardiovascular stress. It concludes with a discussion of promising new directions for future research in this area.

The conventional model of treatment for mental illness involves a dynamic of expert and patient. By contrast, a social development approach to treating mental illness embraces the core tenets of the client-led wellness, recovery and resiliency movement. This chapter compares the two approaches and explores how a social development approach can harness social capital and human capital to promote wellness and integrate mentally ill people into their communities. These principles are explored through a case study of the Village, a residential community located in Long Beach, California, where clients are involved in every level of organizational decision-making, provide peer-support services, and run businesses including catering and a credit union.

The study of survival (or mortality) rates and movement patterns are central in bird population studies, but the collection and analysis of relevant data is sometimes difficult and beset with potential biases. This chapter discusses the pros and cons of various methods of estimating the survival and movements of wild birds, including methods based on radio-telemetry, capture-recapture/re-sighting, and band recoveries — the latter often provided by members of the public. A large part of the chapter is concerned with the merits of the various statistical models available for analysing the resulting data. Advice is given on the selection of suitable methods and on which procedures are most appropriate in different situations.