Search Results

China-Inner Asian Borderlands: Discourse and Reality

Jonathan Karam Skaff

in Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol Neighbors: Culture, Power, and Connections, 580-800

This chapter presents a comparison of the Sui-Tan elite perceptions of the borderlands with the complications of interethnic relations in frontier regions. It describes the attitudes of the Sui-Tang ... More

This chapter presents a comparison of the Sui-Tan elite perceptions of the borderlands with the complications of interethnic relations in frontier regions. It describes the attitudes of the Sui-Tang elites towards the Turko-Mongols and discusses Confucian ideology and record-keeping practices that influenced premodern historiography to overlook the Turko-Mongols and other borderland inhabitants living within the empires. This chapter also assesses the Sui-Tang elite, the role of Turko-Mongols, and the China-Inner Asian borderlands.Less

Reporting Systematic Qualitative Synthesis

Michael Saini and Aron Shlonsky

in Systematic Synthesis of Qualitative Research

Transparency of the review process acts as a driving principle when considering how to organize and present the results of qualitative synthesis within systematic reviews. In this chapter, we ... More

Transparency of the review process acts as a driving principle when considering how to organize and present the results of qualitative synthesis within systematic reviews. In this chapter, we illustrate strategies for reporting systematic qualitative synthesis. Findings in a systematic review approach should detail a clear process of the review. A comprehensive presentation of the review means keeping detailed and accurate records throughout the review process. Record keeping means recording the following: all decision points made during the review, key questions for the review, search terms used, the time period for conducting the search, the number of hits located, details of the screening process and decisions to include or exclude studies, the included studies, and clear articulation of the steps taken for the data analysis and report writing.Less

Protecting the health and safety of rescue and recovery workers

Bruce Lippy

in Terrorism and Public Health: A balanced approach to strengthening systems and protecting people

This chapter addresses the protection of the health and safety of rescue and recovery workers at the World Trade Center site. It covers hazards faced by rescue and recovery workers, deficiencies in ... More

This chapter addresses the protection of the health and safety of rescue and recovery workers at the World Trade Center site. It covers hazards faced by rescue and recovery workers, deficiencies in systems, including inappropriate gaps and overlaps in responsibilities of governmental agencies, the delayed health and safety plan, difficulties with communication, inadequate respiratory protection, inadequate safety protection, and medical services and record-keeping issues. It concludes with recommendations to planners for future responses, including OSHA responsibilities, personal protective equipment, air monitoring, training, and using technology to protect workers.Less

The Rise of Mass Misdemeanors

Issa Kohler-Hausmann

in Misdemeanorland: Criminal Courts and Social Control in an Age of Broken Windows Policing

This chapter briefly recounts the origins of the policing experiment of the early 1990s that flew under the Broken Windows banner. It also explores how that experiment has become an institutionalized ... More

This chapter briefly recounts the origins of the policing experiment of the early 1990s that flew under the Broken Windows banner. It also explores how that experiment has become an institutionalized feature of New York City's law enforcement since then. The history is tailored to highlight those changes in enforcement that most affected the flow and composition of cases into the lower criminal courts. It also portrays how the justifications for this policing model demanded bureaucratic practices that in turn shaped how these low-level cases came to be processed by criminal justice actors. Specifically, the chapter emphasizes the new record-keeping and record-sharing practices that the police and courts innovated in this period in an effort to mark suspected persons for later encounters and to check up on prior records to identify and target persistent or serious offenders.Less

Making Recipe Books in Early Modern England: Material Practices and the Social Production of Knowledge

Elaine Leong

in Recipes and Everyday Knowledge: Medicine, Science, and the Household in Early Modern England

Centered on the notebooks of Archdale Palmer (1610–73) and the Somerset-based Bennett family, this chapter presents a general overview of patterns of recipe collecting: adopting “starter” collections ... More

Centered on the notebooks of Archdale Palmer (1610–73) and the Somerset-based Bennett family, this chapter presents a general overview of patterns of recipe collecting: adopting “starter” collections and gathering single recipes. The chapter shows that many families cultivated local social relationships and used them to extend their treasuries of recipes. It situates the gathering and writing down of recipe knowledge alongside a range of social practices from forming alliances to giving gifts. Thus, it demonstrates that manuscript recipe collections had a dual role: on one hand as repositories of recipe knowledge and on the other as ledgers recording social ties, credits, and debts. Social structures, local networks and alliances shaped recipe knowledge in crucial ways, from information access to record keeping to practices of trying and testing.Less

Writing the Family Archive: Recipes and the Paperwork of Kinship

Elaine Leong

in Recipes and Everyday Knowledge: Medicine, Science, and the Household in Early Modern England

This chapter explores the multitude of ways householders used collecting recipes and creating recipe collections to construct and write their own family histories. It argues that gathering recipes ... More

This chapter explores the multitude of ways householders used collecting recipes and creating recipe collections to construct and write their own family histories. It argues that gathering recipes and creating recipe collections constituted one aspect of what we might call the “paperwork of kinship.” Early modern householders, it shows, wrote down, collated, and preserved all kinds of paperwork concerning the social and economic holdings of the household, from land deeds to rent accounts to lists of births and deaths. Working together, these documents not only sketch out a social and economic history of a family but also construct its very identity. Recipes and recipe books, it contends, were a crucial part of this paperwork, and it is in no small part due to this role that so many examples survive in the archives.Less

A Diplomatic Narrative in the Archive: The War of Cyprus, Record Keeping Practices, and Historical Research in the Early Modern Venetian Chancery

Fabio Antonini

in Cultures of Diplomacy and Literary Writing in the Early Modern World

Just as critical approaches to diplomatic records should be mindful of their form and physicality, so too must they consider the context of their initial storage, preservation, and arrangement within ... More

Just as critical approaches to diplomatic records should be mindful of their form and physicality, so too must they consider the context of their initial storage, preservation, and arrangement within a wider collection of texts. The recent ‘archival turn’ in historical studies has illustrated the pivotal role of record keeping institutions in the transmission of historical information across the centuries, and how their physical and organizational structures dictate the relationship between the historian and their sources. This chapter focuses on the Secret Chancery of the Republic of Venice, and its role in shaping contemporary historical narratives of the outbreak of the War of Cyprus in 1570. It demonstrates that changes in record keeping practices corresponded with a shift in historical paradigms, by analysing how individual dispatches were organized and relayed from the archive by state historians to the reading public; and it examines the early development of the diplomatic record from a political tool into a historical and cultural artefact.Less

Making a Diary Standard

Molly McCarthy

in The Accidental Diarist: A History of the Daily Planner in America

This chapter discusses the end of the nineteenth century, when the diary was transformed from what once was a businessman's accounting accessory into a record-keeping standard. Diaries appealed to ... More

This chapter discusses the end of the nineteenth century, when the diary was transformed from what once was a businessman's accounting accessory into a record-keeping standard. Diaries appealed to national audiences, and publishers created a variety of diaries to satisfy any personal preference using advances in publishing technology. Diaries started not only to look modern, but also became actually modern by adding new features for users like an entire page for metric system charts, and a page dedicated to “Antidotes for Poison,”, which added more novelty to its content.Less

Mother, My Medical Record: What Role Do Patients with Chronic Conditions and Parents Play in the Management of Their Medical Information?

Carsten S. Østerlund, Nienke P. Dosa, and Catherine Arnott Smith

in Health Informatics: A Patient-Centered Approach to Diabetes

This chapter evaluates how young adults with chronic disease and their parents interact with their medical records. It analyzes how medical information is stored, who is involved in record keeping, ... More

This chapter evaluates how young adults with chronic disease and their parents interact with their medical records. It analyzes how medical information is stored, who is involved in record keeping, and what information is kept and shared among the different constituencies. It argues that mothers play a central role in the medical record management of adolescents with chronic diseases and explains that parent-maintained home-based records serve as a linking pin in a heterogeneous health care information environment.Less

Mediating Information, 1450–1800

Ann Blair and Peter Stallybrass

in This Is Enlightenment

This chapter argues that the Enlightenment involved not so much a radical break with, but an inheritance of, established technologies for storing, organizing, and retrieving information. In the long ... More

This chapter argues that the Enlightenment involved not so much a radical break with, but an inheritance of, established technologies for storing, organizing, and retrieving information. In the long history of information management, the first early modern period (ca. 1450–1650) was especially significant in the development of new techniques and the refinement of existing ones to manage an explosion of printed matter and manuscript record keeping. In portraying their work as a radical break from the Renaissance, Enlightenment authors often obscured the indebtedness of their works to preexisting methods of compiling.Less

Introduction

Alexandra Gajda and Paul Cavill

in Writing the history of parliament in Tudor and early Stuart England

This introduction explores the relationship between intellectual, political and religious history, and how they should fruitfully be integrated with classic parliamentary history. It argues that the ... More

This introduction explores the relationship between intellectual, political and religious history, and how they should fruitfully be integrated with classic parliamentary history. It argues that the early modern parliament must be understood through broader developments in historical thought and practice. The first part of the introduction examines the changing and unchanging character of history in this period, which provides the context for the essays in the volume. Thereafter the introduction relates approaches to the past to the growing historical consciousness within and about parliament and the historicised modes through which early modern authors chose to think and write about it. These new perspectives are analysed in the context of the historiography of parliament of the past century. It is argued that the constitutionalist mode of thinking so dominant at the end of our period grew out of the interaction of history, law and politics in, around and about parliament. The collection thus restates the crucial role of institutions for the study of political culture and thought.Less

Institutional memory and contemporary history in the House of Commons, 1547–1640

Paul Seaward

in Writing the history of parliament in Tudor and early Stuart England

Parliament in the course of a century after 1547 became almost certainly the best-recorded institution in Britain. This essay considers the nature of institutional memory in the late sixteenth-and ... More

Parliament in the course of a century after 1547 became almost certainly the best-recorded institution in Britain. This essay considers the nature of institutional memory in the late sixteenth-and early seventeenth-century House of Commons. It concerns firstly the nature and quality of institutional memory, and how, while it relied considerably on non-inscribed memory, it changed with the growth of the written record. It discusses the importance of precedent to parliamentarians, and how precedents were identified and selectively used. But more broadly it considers how written records, both of a formal and official nature and a private and unofficial kind, were developed over the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in order to generate a narrative about parliament that helps to consolidate its landmark status. As a result, parliament came to be recognised and revered as the key institution in the relationship between the state and the individual.Less

The Synergies of Civilization

in Ancient Mesopotamia at the Dawn of Civilization: The Evolution of an Urban Landscape

This chapter argues that the environmental and geographical advantages accruing to southern Mesopotamian societies and the increases in the density and agglomeration of populations in the alluvium ... More

This chapter argues that the environmental and geographical advantages accruing to southern Mesopotamian societies and the increases in the density and agglomeration of populations in the alluvium throughout the Uruk period that were selected for by those natural advantages represent necessary but insufficient conditions for the Sumerian takeoff. The sufficient conditions were organizational innovations within the nascent city-states of southern Mesopotamian that fall entirely within the realm of Cronon's “created landscape.” Most important among these were new forms of organizing labor that delivered economies of scale in the production of subsistence and industrial commodities to southern societies; and new forms of record keeping that were much more capable of conveying information across time and space than the simpler reckoning systems used by contemporary polities elsewhere. These innovations furnished early Sumerian leaders and polities of the fourth millennium with what turned out to be their most important competitive advantages over neighboring societies.Less