Kate Peters, Alexandra Walsham, and Liesbeth Corens (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780197266250
- eISBN:
- 9780191869181
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266250.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This volume investigates the relationship between archives and information in the early modern world. It explores how the physical documentation that proliferated on an unprecedented scale between ...
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This volume investigates the relationship between archives and information in the early modern world. It explores how the physical documentation that proliferated on an unprecedented scale between the 16th and 18th centuries was managed in the context of wider innovations in the sphere of communication and of significant upheaval and change. The chapters assess how archives were implicated in patterns of statecraft and scrutinise critical issues of secrecy and publicity, access and concealment. They analyse the interconnections between documentation and geographical distance, probing the part played by record-keeping in administration, governance, and justice, as well as its links with trade, commerce, education, evangelism, and piety. Alive to how the contents of archives were organised and filed, the contributors place paper technologies and physical repositories under the microscope. Extending beyond the framework of formal institutions to the family, household, and sect, this volume offers fresh insight into the possibilities and constraints of political participation and the nature of human agency. It deepens our understanding of the role of archives in the construction and preservation of knowledge and the exercise of power in its broadest sense. Above all, it calls for greater dialogue and creative collaboration to breach the lingering disciplinary divide between historians and archival scientists.Less
This volume investigates the relationship between archives and information in the early modern world. It explores how the physical documentation that proliferated on an unprecedented scale between the 16th and 18th centuries was managed in the context of wider innovations in the sphere of communication and of significant upheaval and change. The chapters assess how archives were implicated in patterns of statecraft and scrutinise critical issues of secrecy and publicity, access and concealment. They analyse the interconnections between documentation and geographical distance, probing the part played by record-keeping in administration, governance, and justice, as well as its links with trade, commerce, education, evangelism, and piety. Alive to how the contents of archives were organised and filed, the contributors place paper technologies and physical repositories under the microscope. Extending beyond the framework of formal institutions to the family, household, and sect, this volume offers fresh insight into the possibilities and constraints of political participation and the nature of human agency. It deepens our understanding of the role of archives in the construction and preservation of knowledge and the exercise of power in its broadest sense. Above all, it calls for greater dialogue and creative collaboration to breach the lingering disciplinary divide between historians and archival scientists.
Jonathan Karam Skaff
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199734139
- eISBN:
- 9780199950195
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199734139.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, World History: BCE to 500CE, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter presents a comparison of the Sui-Tan elite perceptions of the borderlands with the complications of interethnic relations in frontier regions. It describes the attitudes of the Sui-Tang ...
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This chapter presents a comparison of the Sui-Tan elite perceptions of the borderlands with the complications of interethnic relations in frontier regions. It describes the attitudes of the Sui-Tang elites towards the Turko-Mongols and discusses Confucian ideology and record-keeping practices that influenced premodern historiography to overlook the Turko-Mongols and other borderland inhabitants living within the empires. This chapter also assesses the Sui-Tang elite, the role of Turko-Mongols, and the China-Inner Asian borderlands.Less
This chapter presents a comparison of the Sui-Tan elite perceptions of the borderlands with the complications of interethnic relations in frontier regions. It describes the attitudes of the Sui-Tang elites towards the Turko-Mongols and discusses Confucian ideology and record-keeping practices that influenced premodern historiography to overlook the Turko-Mongols and other borderland inhabitants living within the empires. This chapter also assesses the Sui-Tang elite, the role of Turko-Mongols, and the China-Inner Asian borderlands.
Michael Saini and Aron Shlonsky
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195387216
- eISBN:
- 9780199932092
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387216.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Transparency of the review process acts as a driving principle when considering how to organize and present the results of qualitative synthesis within systematic reviews. In this chapter, we ...
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Transparency of the review process acts as a driving principle when considering how to organize and present the results of qualitative synthesis within systematic reviews. In this chapter, we illustrate strategies for reporting systematic qualitative synthesis. Findings in a systematic review approach should detail a clear process of the review. A comprehensive presentation of the review means keeping detailed and accurate records throughout the review process. Record keeping means recording the following: all decision points made during the review, key questions for the review, search terms used, the time period for conducting the search, the number of hits located, details of the screening process and decisions to include or exclude studies, the included studies, and clear articulation of the steps taken for the data analysis and report writing.Less
Transparency of the review process acts as a driving principle when considering how to organize and present the results of qualitative synthesis within systematic reviews. In this chapter, we illustrate strategies for reporting systematic qualitative synthesis. Findings in a systematic review approach should detail a clear process of the review. A comprehensive presentation of the review means keeping detailed and accurate records throughout the review process. Record keeping means recording the following: all decision points made during the review, key questions for the review, search terms used, the time period for conducting the search, the number of hits located, details of the screening process and decisions to include or exclude studies, the included studies, and clear articulation of the steps taken for the data analysis and report writing.
Bhavani Raman
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226703275
- eISBN:
- 9780226703299
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226703299.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Historians of British colonial rule in India have noted both the place of military might and the imposition of new cultural categories in the making of Empire, but this book uncovers a lesser-known ...
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Historians of British colonial rule in India have noted both the place of military might and the imposition of new cultural categories in the making of Empire, but this book uncovers a lesser-known story of power: the power of bureaucracy. Drawing on archival research in the files of the East India Company's administrative offices in Madras, this book tells the story of a bureaucracy gone awry in a fever of documentation practices that grew ever more abstract—and the power, both economic and cultural, this created. In order to assert its legitimacy and value within the British Empire, the East India Company was diligent about record keeping. The book shows, however, that the sheer volume of their document production allowed colonial managers to subtly but substantively manipulate records for their own ends, increasingly drawing the real and the recorded further apart. While this administrative sleight of hand increased the company's reach and power within the Empire, it also bolstered profoundly new orientations to language, writing, memory, and pedagogy for the officers and Indian subordinates involved. Immersed in a subterranean world of delinquent scribes, translators, village accountants, and entrepreneurial fixers, the book maps the shifting boundaries of the legible and illegible, the legal and illegitimate, that would usher India into the modern world.Less
Historians of British colonial rule in India have noted both the place of military might and the imposition of new cultural categories in the making of Empire, but this book uncovers a lesser-known story of power: the power of bureaucracy. Drawing on archival research in the files of the East India Company's administrative offices in Madras, this book tells the story of a bureaucracy gone awry in a fever of documentation practices that grew ever more abstract—and the power, both economic and cultural, this created. In order to assert its legitimacy and value within the British Empire, the East India Company was diligent about record keeping. The book shows, however, that the sheer volume of their document production allowed colonial managers to subtly but substantively manipulate records for their own ends, increasingly drawing the real and the recorded further apart. While this administrative sleight of hand increased the company's reach and power within the Empire, it also bolstered profoundly new orientations to language, writing, memory, and pedagogy for the officers and Indian subordinates involved. Immersed in a subterranean world of delinquent scribes, translators, village accountants, and entrepreneurial fixers, the book maps the shifting boundaries of the legible and illegible, the legal and illegitimate, that would usher India into the modern world.
Bruce Lippy
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195325256
- eISBN:
- 9780199864409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325256.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter addresses the protection of the health and safety of rescue and recovery workers at the World Trade Center site. It covers hazards faced by rescue and recovery workers, deficiencies in ...
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This chapter addresses the protection of the health and safety of rescue and recovery workers at the World Trade Center site. It covers hazards faced by rescue and recovery workers, deficiencies in systems, including inappropriate gaps and overlaps in responsibilities of governmental agencies, the delayed health and safety plan, difficulties with communication, inadequate respiratory protection, inadequate safety protection, and medical services and record-keeping issues. It concludes with recommendations to planners for future responses, including OSHA responsibilities, personal protective equipment, air monitoring, training, and using technology to protect workers.Less
This chapter addresses the protection of the health and safety of rescue and recovery workers at the World Trade Center site. It covers hazards faced by rescue and recovery workers, deficiencies in systems, including inappropriate gaps and overlaps in responsibilities of governmental agencies, the delayed health and safety plan, difficulties with communication, inadequate respiratory protection, inadequate safety protection, and medical services and record-keeping issues. It concludes with recommendations to planners for future responses, including OSHA responsibilities, personal protective equipment, air monitoring, training, and using technology to protect workers.
Guillermo Algaze
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226013770
- eISBN:
- 9780226013787
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226013787.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
The alluvial lowlands of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in southern Mesopotamia are widely known as the “cradle of civilization”; owing to the scale of the processes of urbanization that took place ...
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The alluvial lowlands of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in southern Mesopotamia are widely known as the “cradle of civilization”; owing to the scale of the processes of urbanization that took place in the area by the second half of the fourth millennium bc. This book draws on the work of modern economic geographers to explore how the unique river-based ecology and geography of the Tigris–Euphrates alluvium impacted the development of urban civilization in southern Mesopotamia. It argues that these natural conditions granted southern polities significant competitive advantages over their landlocked rivals elsewhere in Southwest Asia, most importantly the ability to transport easily commodities. In due course, this resulted in increased trade and economic activity and higher population densities in the south than were possible elsewhere. As southern polities grew in scale and complexity throughout the fourth millennium, revolutionary new forms of labor organization and record keeping were created, and it is these socially created innovations, the author argues, that ultimately account for why fully developed city-states emerged earlier in southern Mesopotamia than elsewhere in Southwest Asia or the world.Less
The alluvial lowlands of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in southern Mesopotamia are widely known as the “cradle of civilization”; owing to the scale of the processes of urbanization that took place in the area by the second half of the fourth millennium bc. This book draws on the work of modern economic geographers to explore how the unique river-based ecology and geography of the Tigris–Euphrates alluvium impacted the development of urban civilization in southern Mesopotamia. It argues that these natural conditions granted southern polities significant competitive advantages over their landlocked rivals elsewhere in Southwest Asia, most importantly the ability to transport easily commodities. In due course, this resulted in increased trade and economic activity and higher population densities in the south than were possible elsewhere. As southern polities grew in scale and complexity throughout the fourth millennium, revolutionary new forms of labor organization and record keeping were created, and it is these socially created innovations, the author argues, that ultimately account for why fully developed city-states emerged earlier in southern Mesopotamia than elsewhere in Southwest Asia or the world.
Alexandra Walsham, Kate Peters, and Liesbeth Corens
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780197266250
- eISBN:
- 9780191869181
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266250.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
The introduction to the volume explores the evolution and effect of the scholarly trends that have brought the study of archives and record-keeping to the forefront in both historical and archival ...
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The introduction to the volume explores the evolution and effect of the scholarly trends that have brought the study of archives and record-keeping to the forefront in both historical and archival circles in recent decades. It discusses key questions of definition that continue to obscure and bedevil our comprehension of how archival and information cultures functioned in the early modern era. It also provides an overview of the salient themes emerging from this collection of chapters and identifies some avenues for investigation in this field in the future. It calls for greater collaboration and cross-fertilisation to breach the lingering disciplinary divide between historians and archival scientists.Less
The introduction to the volume explores the evolution and effect of the scholarly trends that have brought the study of archives and record-keeping to the forefront in both historical and archival circles in recent decades. It discusses key questions of definition that continue to obscure and bedevil our comprehension of how archival and information cultures functioned in the early modern era. It also provides an overview of the salient themes emerging from this collection of chapters and identifies some avenues for investigation in this field in the future. It calls for greater collaboration and cross-fertilisation to breach the lingering disciplinary divide between historians and archival scientists.
Randolph C. Head
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780197266250
- eISBN:
- 9780191869181
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266250.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Comparative case-study analysis can provide valuable insights into record-keeping systems within Europe and cross-culturally. Building on a comparison of empirical evidence from 16th-century Lisbon ...
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Comparative case-study analysis can provide valuable insights into record-keeping systems within Europe and cross-culturally. Building on a comparison of empirical evidence from 16th-century Lisbon and Würzburg, this chapter makes three methodological arguments. First, a critique of Ernst Posner’s path-breaking Archives of the Ancient World (1972) leads to the conclusion that we must revise our categories for the analysis of record-keeping across cultures. Instead of assimilating non-European repositories to European archives, the broader category of archivality avoids the uncritical naturalisation of European practices while still recognising similarities cross-culturally. Second, archivality is most useful if applied primarily to the accumulation of records by institutions of power, such as empires, kingdoms, and states, as one subset of record-keeping more broadly. Third, inventories and organisational structures represent a particularly promising area for comparative analysis. Comparison of the Lisbon and Würzburg evidence shows two related but diverging archivalities at work in early modern Europe.Less
Comparative case-study analysis can provide valuable insights into record-keeping systems within Europe and cross-culturally. Building on a comparison of empirical evidence from 16th-century Lisbon and Würzburg, this chapter makes three methodological arguments. First, a critique of Ernst Posner’s path-breaking Archives of the Ancient World (1972) leads to the conclusion that we must revise our categories for the analysis of record-keeping across cultures. Instead of assimilating non-European repositories to European archives, the broader category of archivality avoids the uncritical naturalisation of European practices while still recognising similarities cross-culturally. Second, archivality is most useful if applied primarily to the accumulation of records by institutions of power, such as empires, kingdoms, and states, as one subset of record-keeping more broadly. Third, inventories and organisational structures represent a particularly promising area for comparative analysis. Comparison of the Lisbon and Würzburg evidence shows two related but diverging archivalities at work in early modern Europe.
Kate Peters
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780197266250
- eISBN:
- 9780191869181
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266250.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter traces the legal and political frameworks that underpinned rights of access to archives in the decades preceding the outbreak of civil war in 1642, showing that there were two different ...
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This chapter traces the legal and political frameworks that underpinned rights of access to archives in the decades preceding the outbreak of civil war in 1642, showing that there were two different cultures of access: one determined by the rights of subjects to consult legal court records; the other shaped by the culture of secrecy associated with the records of crown estates and royal prerogative. Over the course of the civil war, a new language of access emerged. The assertion of parliamentary sovereignty and the dislocating experiences of civil war mobilisation led to a radical, perhaps unprecedented, articulation of the rights of the people to control and access the information that defined their material rights and status. Ultimately this chapter argues that this new, if short lived, articulation of public right of access to records is important not only for the history of record-keeping, but also reveals much about the political and material interests that were at stake in the English revolution.Less
This chapter traces the legal and political frameworks that underpinned rights of access to archives in the decades preceding the outbreak of civil war in 1642, showing that there were two different cultures of access: one determined by the rights of subjects to consult legal court records; the other shaped by the culture of secrecy associated with the records of crown estates and royal prerogative. Over the course of the civil war, a new language of access emerged. The assertion of parliamentary sovereignty and the dislocating experiences of civil war mobilisation led to a radical, perhaps unprecedented, articulation of the rights of the people to control and access the information that defined their material rights and status. Ultimately this chapter argues that this new, if short lived, articulation of public right of access to records is important not only for the history of record-keeping, but also reveals much about the political and material interests that were at stake in the English revolution.
Tom Hamilton
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198800095
- eISBN:
- 9780191839870
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198800095.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion, European Early Modern History
The Wars of Religion embroiled France in decades of faction, violence, and peacemaking in the late sixteenth century. When historians interpret these events, inevitably they depend on sources of ...
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The Wars of Religion embroiled France in decades of faction, violence, and peacemaking in the late sixteenth century. When historians interpret these events, inevitably they depend on sources of information gathered by contemporaries, none more valuable than the diaries and the collection of Pierre de L’Estoile (1546–1611), who lived through the civil wars in Paris and shaped how they have been remembered ever since. Taking him out of the footnotes, and demonstrating his significance in the culture of the late Renaissance, this book is the first life of L’Estoile in any language. It examines how he negotiated and commemorated the conflicts that divided France as he assembled an extraordinary collection of the relics of the troubles, a collection that he called ‘the storehouse of my curiosities’. The story of his life and times is the history of the civil wars in the making. Focusing on a crucial individual for understanding Reformation Europe, this book challenges historians’ assumptions about the widespread impact of confessional conflict in the sixteenth century. L’Estoile’s prudent, non-confessional responses to the events he lived through and recorded were common among his milieu of Gallican Catholics. His life writing and engagement with contemporary news, books, and pictures reveals how individuals used different genres and media to destabilize rather than fix confessional identities. Bringing together the great variety of topics in society and culture that attracted L’Estoile’s curiosity, this book rethinks his world in the Wars of Religion.Less
The Wars of Religion embroiled France in decades of faction, violence, and peacemaking in the late sixteenth century. When historians interpret these events, inevitably they depend on sources of information gathered by contemporaries, none more valuable than the diaries and the collection of Pierre de L’Estoile (1546–1611), who lived through the civil wars in Paris and shaped how they have been remembered ever since. Taking him out of the footnotes, and demonstrating his significance in the culture of the late Renaissance, this book is the first life of L’Estoile in any language. It examines how he negotiated and commemorated the conflicts that divided France as he assembled an extraordinary collection of the relics of the troubles, a collection that he called ‘the storehouse of my curiosities’. The story of his life and times is the history of the civil wars in the making. Focusing on a crucial individual for understanding Reformation Europe, this book challenges historians’ assumptions about the widespread impact of confessional conflict in the sixteenth century. L’Estoile’s prudent, non-confessional responses to the events he lived through and recorded were common among his milieu of Gallican Catholics. His life writing and engagement with contemporary news, books, and pictures reveals how individuals used different genres and media to destabilize rather than fix confessional identities. Bringing together the great variety of topics in society and culture that attracted L’Estoile’s curiosity, this book rethinks his world in the Wars of Religion.
Elaine Leong
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226583495
- eISBN:
- 9780226583525
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226583525.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Centered on the notebooks of Archdale Palmer (1610–73) and the Somerset-based Bennett family, this chapter presents a general overview of patterns of recipe collecting: adopting “starter” collections ...
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Centered on the notebooks of Archdale Palmer (1610–73) and the Somerset-based Bennett family, this chapter presents a general overview of patterns of recipe collecting: adopting “starter” collections and gathering single recipes. The chapter shows that many families cultivated local social relationships and used them to extend their treasuries of recipes. It situates the gathering and writing down of recipe knowledge alongside a range of social practices from forming alliances to giving gifts. Thus, it demonstrates that manuscript recipe collections had a dual role: on one hand as repositories of recipe knowledge and on the other as ledgers recording social ties, credits, and debts. Social structures, local networks and alliances shaped recipe knowledge in crucial ways, from information access to record keeping to practices of trying and testing.Less
Centered on the notebooks of Archdale Palmer (1610–73) and the Somerset-based Bennett family, this chapter presents a general overview of patterns of recipe collecting: adopting “starter” collections and gathering single recipes. The chapter shows that many families cultivated local social relationships and used them to extend their treasuries of recipes. It situates the gathering and writing down of recipe knowledge alongside a range of social practices from forming alliances to giving gifts. Thus, it demonstrates that manuscript recipe collections had a dual role: on one hand as repositories of recipe knowledge and on the other as ledgers recording social ties, credits, and debts. Social structures, local networks and alliances shaped recipe knowledge in crucial ways, from information access to record keeping to practices of trying and testing.
Elaine Leong
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226583495
- eISBN:
- 9780226583525
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226583525.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter explores the multitude of ways householders used collecting recipes and creating recipe collections to construct and write their own family histories. It argues that gathering recipes ...
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This chapter explores the multitude of ways householders used collecting recipes and creating recipe collections to construct and write their own family histories. It argues that gathering recipes and creating recipe collections constituted one aspect of what we might call the “paperwork of kinship.” Early modern householders, it shows, wrote down, collated, and preserved all kinds of paperwork concerning the social and economic holdings of the household, from land deeds to rent accounts to lists of births and deaths. Working together, these documents not only sketch out a social and economic history of a family but also construct its very identity. Recipes and recipe books, it contends, were a crucial part of this paperwork, and it is in no small part due to this role that so many examples survive in the archives.Less
This chapter explores the multitude of ways householders used collecting recipes and creating recipe collections to construct and write their own family histories. It argues that gathering recipes and creating recipe collections constituted one aspect of what we might call the “paperwork of kinship.” Early modern householders, it shows, wrote down, collated, and preserved all kinds of paperwork concerning the social and economic holdings of the household, from land deeds to rent accounts to lists of births and deaths. Working together, these documents not only sketch out a social and economic history of a family but also construct its very identity. Recipes and recipe books, it contends, were a crucial part of this paperwork, and it is in no small part due to this role that so many examples survive in the archives.
Carsten S. Østerlund, Nienke P. Dosa, and Catherine Arnott Smith
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014328
- eISBN:
- 9780262289498
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014328.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
This chapter evaluates how young adults with chronic disease and their parents interact with their medical records. It analyzes how medical information is stored, who is involved in record keeping, ...
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This chapter evaluates how young adults with chronic disease and their parents interact with their medical records. It analyzes how medical information is stored, who is involved in record keeping, and what information is kept and shared among the different constituencies. It argues that mothers play a central role in the medical record management of adolescents with chronic diseases and explains that parent-maintained home-based records serve as a linking pin in a heterogeneous health care information environment.Less
This chapter evaluates how young adults with chronic disease and their parents interact with their medical records. It analyzes how medical information is stored, who is involved in record keeping, and what information is kept and shared among the different constituencies. It argues that mothers play a central role in the medical record management of adolescents with chronic diseases and explains that parent-maintained home-based records serve as a linking pin in a heterogeneous health care information environment.
Llewellyn J. Cornelius and Donna Harrington
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199739301
- eISBN:
- 9780190222499
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199739301.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Because data analyses are only as strong as the data available, Chapter 6 addresses data handling approaches that can be used with primary (i.e., data you collect yourself) or secondary (i.e., data ...
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Because data analyses are only as strong as the data available, Chapter 6 addresses data handling approaches that can be used with primary (i.e., data you collect yourself) or secondary (i.e., data that someone else has collected) survey data, with an emphasis on addressing social justice issues. Chapter 6 begins by addressing preliminary data analyses and “cleaning” that should be completed prior to conducting analyses to answer your research questions. This chapter also briefly discusses issues related to missing data, transformations, computing composite variables, and coding. Although much of the information presented in Chapter 6 is not unique to social justice research, approaching the data handling through a social justice framework may impact some of the data handling decisions that you will make.Less
Because data analyses are only as strong as the data available, Chapter 6 addresses data handling approaches that can be used with primary (i.e., data you collect yourself) or secondary (i.e., data that someone else has collected) survey data, with an emphasis on addressing social justice issues. Chapter 6 begins by addressing preliminary data analyses and “cleaning” that should be completed prior to conducting analyses to answer your research questions. This chapter also briefly discusses issues related to missing data, transformations, computing composite variables, and coding. Although much of the information presented in Chapter 6 is not unique to social justice research, approaching the data handling through a social justice framework may impact some of the data handling decisions that you will make.
Alexandra Gajda and Paul Cavill
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780719099588
- eISBN:
- 9781526139030
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099588.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This introduction explores the relationship between intellectual, political and religious history, and how they should fruitfully be integrated with classic parliamentary history. It argues that the ...
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This introduction explores the relationship between intellectual, political and religious history, and how they should fruitfully be integrated with classic parliamentary history. It argues that the early modern parliament must be understood through broader developments in historical thought and practice. The first part of the introduction examines the changing and unchanging character of history in this period, which provides the context for the essays in the volume. Thereafter the introduction relates approaches to the past to the growing historical consciousness within and about parliament and the historicised modes through which early modern authors chose to think and write about it. These new perspectives are analysed in the context of the historiography of parliament of the past century. It is argued that the constitutionalist mode of thinking so dominant at the end of our period grew out of the interaction of history, law and politics in, around and about parliament. The collection thus restates the crucial role of institutions for the study of political culture and thought.Less
This introduction explores the relationship between intellectual, political and religious history, and how they should fruitfully be integrated with classic parliamentary history. It argues that the early modern parliament must be understood through broader developments in historical thought and practice. The first part of the introduction examines the changing and unchanging character of history in this period, which provides the context for the essays in the volume. Thereafter the introduction relates approaches to the past to the growing historical consciousness within and about parliament and the historicised modes through which early modern authors chose to think and write about it. These new perspectives are analysed in the context of the historiography of parliament of the past century. It is argued that the constitutionalist mode of thinking so dominant at the end of our period grew out of the interaction of history, law and politics in, around and about parliament. The collection thus restates the crucial role of institutions for the study of political culture and thought.
Paul Seaward
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780719099588
- eISBN:
- 9781526139030
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099588.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Parliament in the course of a century after 1547 became almost certainly the best-recorded institution in Britain. This essay considers the nature of institutional memory in the late sixteenth-and ...
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Parliament in the course of a century after 1547 became almost certainly the best-recorded institution in Britain. This essay considers the nature of institutional memory in the late sixteenth-and early seventeenth-century House of Commons. It concerns firstly the nature and quality of institutional memory, and how, while it relied considerably on non-inscribed memory, it changed with the growth of the written record. It discusses the importance of precedent to parliamentarians, and how precedents were identified and selectively used. But more broadly it considers how written records, both of a formal and official nature and a private and unofficial kind, were developed over the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in order to generate a narrative about parliament that helps to consolidate its landmark status. As a result, parliament came to be recognised and revered as the key institution in the relationship between the state and the individual.Less
Parliament in the course of a century after 1547 became almost certainly the best-recorded institution in Britain. This essay considers the nature of institutional memory in the late sixteenth-and early seventeenth-century House of Commons. It concerns firstly the nature and quality of institutional memory, and how, while it relied considerably on non-inscribed memory, it changed with the growth of the written record. It discusses the importance of precedent to parliamentarians, and how precedents were identified and selectively used. But more broadly it considers how written records, both of a formal and official nature and a private and unofficial kind, were developed over the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in order to generate a narrative about parliament that helps to consolidate its landmark status. As a result, parliament came to be recognised and revered as the key institution in the relationship between the state and the individual.
Richard Rottenburg
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262182645
- eISBN:
- 9780262255035
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262182645.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
In the Ruritania water supply project, the engineer was supposed to solve technical tasks for an Organizational Improvement Program without the necessary means at his disposal, and the system of ...
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In the Ruritania water supply project, the engineer was supposed to solve technical tasks for an Organizational Improvement Program without the necessary means at his disposal, and the system of process control was supposed to be reformed. The water management system is a central protagonist in the project and a full member in an actor network, equipped with human qualities. Although the data provided by the urban water engineers was incomplete and inconsistent, the project could not wait any longer for more reliable data. The causes behind the inconsistent lists are insufficient commitment to the system and a general lack of system standardization, and the waterworks of Baridi and Jamala started correcting and completing their customer data in 1994. This chapter explains a point of sale that requires six data records and reliable cross-referencing of those six records, and describes a house payment record card for a water customer.Less
In the Ruritania water supply project, the engineer was supposed to solve technical tasks for an Organizational Improvement Program without the necessary means at his disposal, and the system of process control was supposed to be reformed. The water management system is a central protagonist in the project and a full member in an actor network, equipped with human qualities. Although the data provided by the urban water engineers was incomplete and inconsistent, the project could not wait any longer for more reliable data. The causes behind the inconsistent lists are insufficient commitment to the system and a general lack of system standardization, and the waterworks of Baridi and Jamala started correcting and completing their customer data in 1994. This chapter explains a point of sale that requires six data records and reliable cross-referencing of those six records, and describes a house payment record card for a water customer.
Ed Nosal and Guillaume Rocheteau
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262016285
- eISBN:
- 9780262298285
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262016285.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
This chapter examines pure credit economies. It first focuses on the conditions needed for bilateral credit to be feasible. It also examines a set of socially desirable allocations that can be ...
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This chapter examines pure credit economies. It first focuses on the conditions needed for bilateral credit to be feasible. It also examines a set of socially desirable allocations that can be obtained, and the ones that are exactly feasible. Four related environments that can support credit arrangements are considered. Each environment differs from the other in terms of the amount of commitment, or trust, that agents possess, and the punishments that can be imposed on a debtor that tries to evade his payment obligations. The four credit economies that are observed are credit with commitment, credit default, credit with public record keeping, and credit with reputation.Less
This chapter examines pure credit economies. It first focuses on the conditions needed for bilateral credit to be feasible. It also examines a set of socially desirable allocations that can be obtained, and the ones that are exactly feasible. Four related environments that can support credit arrangements are considered. Each environment differs from the other in terms of the amount of commitment, or trust, that agents possess, and the punishments that can be imposed on a debtor that tries to evade his payment obligations. The four credit economies that are observed are credit with commitment, credit default, credit with public record keeping, and credit with reputation.
Ed Nosal and Guillaume Rocheteau
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262016285
- eISBN:
- 9780262298285
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262016285.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
Building on the previous chapter’s presentation of credit arrangements that allow intertemporal gains from trade to be exploited by agents, this chapter studies agents under an environment of ...
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Building on the previous chapter’s presentation of credit arrangements that allow intertemporal gains from trade to be exploited by agents, this chapter studies agents under an environment of distrust. Assuming that buyers and sellers have no trust for one another due to the lack of commitment in repaying their debts, trade by credit may not be incentive feasible. If ever trade were to occur, agents would need a kind of tangible medium of exchange. The chapter demonstrates that money is essential in an environment where agents cannot commit and there is no record-keeping technology. The role of money is the record-keeping technology itself.Less
Building on the previous chapter’s presentation of credit arrangements that allow intertemporal gains from trade to be exploited by agents, this chapter studies agents under an environment of distrust. Assuming that buyers and sellers have no trust for one another due to the lack of commitment in repaying their debts, trade by credit may not be incentive feasible. If ever trade were to occur, agents would need a kind of tangible medium of exchange. The chapter demonstrates that money is essential in an environment where agents cannot commit and there is no record-keeping technology. The role of money is the record-keeping technology itself.
Molly McCarthy
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226033211
- eISBN:
- 9780226033495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226033495.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter discusses the end of the nineteenth century, when the diary was transformed from what once was a businessman's accounting accessory into a record-keeping standard. Diaries appealed to ...
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This chapter discusses the end of the nineteenth century, when the diary was transformed from what once was a businessman's accounting accessory into a record-keeping standard. Diaries appealed to national audiences, and publishers created a variety of diaries to satisfy any personal preference using advances in publishing technology. Diaries started not only to look modern, but also became actually modern by adding new features for users like an entire page for metric system charts, and a page dedicated to “Antidotes for Poison,”, which added more novelty to its content.Less
This chapter discusses the end of the nineteenth century, when the diary was transformed from what once was a businessman's accounting accessory into a record-keeping standard. Diaries appealed to national audiences, and publishers created a variety of diaries to satisfy any personal preference using advances in publishing technology. Diaries started not only to look modern, but also became actually modern by adding new features for users like an entire page for metric system charts, and a page dedicated to “Antidotes for Poison,”, which added more novelty to its content.
