Jerome Murphy-O'Connor
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199592104
- eISBN:
- 9780191595608
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592104.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies, Early Christian Studies
This book brings together twelve originally independent articles dealing with various aspects of 2 Corinthians which were published between 1985 and 1993. The articles deal with (a) co‐authorship in ...
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This book brings together twelve originally independent articles dealing with various aspects of 2 Corinthians which were published between 1985 and 1993. The articles deal with (a) co‐authorship in 2 Cor; (b) the connection between 2 Cor 2:13 and 14; (c) the problems envisaged by 2 Cor 3:1‐6; (d) a comparison between the ‘new covenant’ in Paul and in the Dead Sea Scrolls; (e) the effort to drive a wedge between the resident pneumatikoi and the intruding Judaizers in 2 Cor 2:14‐4:6; (f) what ‘resurrection’ in 2 Cor 4:13‐14 means; (g) 2 Cor 5:6b as a Corinthian slogan; (h) how 2 Cor 6:14‐7:1 fits into its context; (i) the parallels to Philo in 2 Cor 6:14‐7:1; (j) a synthetic presentation of the problems created by the pneumatikoi in 1‐2 Cor; (k) the identification of 2 Cor 10‐13 as ‘the sorrowful/severe letter’ (2 Cor 2:4); (l) what Paul means when he uses ‘Jesus’ unqualified.Less
This book brings together twelve originally independent articles dealing with various aspects of 2 Corinthians which were published between 1985 and 1993. The articles deal with (a) co‐authorship in 2 Cor; (b) the connection between 2 Cor 2:13 and 14; (c) the problems envisaged by 2 Cor 3:1‐6; (d) a comparison between the ‘new covenant’ in Paul and in the Dead Sea Scrolls; (e) the effort to drive a wedge between the resident pneumatikoi and the intruding Judaizers in 2 Cor 2:14‐4:6; (f) what ‘resurrection’ in 2 Cor 4:13‐14 means; (g) 2 Cor 5:6b as a Corinthian slogan; (h) how 2 Cor 6:14‐7:1 fits into its context; (i) the parallels to Philo in 2 Cor 6:14‐7:1; (j) a synthetic presentation of the problems created by the pneumatikoi in 1‐2 Cor; (k) the identification of 2 Cor 10‐13 as ‘the sorrowful/severe letter’ (2 Cor 2:4); (l) what Paul means when he uses ‘Jesus’ unqualified.
Arad Reisberg
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199204892
- eISBN:
- 9780191709487
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199204892.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
This chapter develops a model to analyse and explain the use of the derivative action referred to as the Functional and Focused Model (FFM). It is organized in two parts. Part A provides the setting. ...
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This chapter develops a model to analyse and explain the use of the derivative action referred to as the Functional and Focused Model (FFM). It is organized in two parts. Part A provides the setting. Section 5.2 discusses the role of derivative actions in the corporate governance matrix. Section 5.3 then discusses the specific role that the derivative action may play in such a constantly changing system. The various points teased out throughout the preceding discussion are finally crystallized in Part B of the chapter. First, section 5.4.1 sets out the aims of the model, followed by an outline and the policy premises underlying the FFM. Section 5.4.2 then unearths and illuminates the value of deterrence against corporate misconduct. Section 5.4.3 considers strategies that can be pursued to reverse the negative effects of those forces that weaken the social meaning of derivative actions. Subsequently, these key characteristics are reduced to practical recommendations in Section 5.4.4.Less
This chapter develops a model to analyse and explain the use of the derivative action referred to as the Functional and Focused Model (FFM). It is organized in two parts. Part A provides the setting. Section 5.2 discusses the role of derivative actions in the corporate governance matrix. Section 5.3 then discusses the specific role that the derivative action may play in such a constantly changing system. The various points teased out throughout the preceding discussion are finally crystallized in Part B of the chapter. First, section 5.4.1 sets out the aims of the model, followed by an outline and the policy premises underlying the FFM. Section 5.4.2 then unearths and illuminates the value of deterrence against corporate misconduct. Section 5.4.3 considers strategies that can be pursued to reverse the negative effects of those forces that weaken the social meaning of derivative actions. Subsequently, these key characteristics are reduced to practical recommendations in Section 5.4.4.
Mary Briody Mahowald
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195176179
- eISBN:
- 9780199786558
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195176170.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
Cases illustrating variables relevant to pregnant women’s noncompliance with medical recommendations intended to benefit the fetus or potential child are presented. These involve refusal of ...
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Cases illustrating variables relevant to pregnant women’s noncompliance with medical recommendations intended to benefit the fetus or potential child are presented. These involve refusal of hospitalization, refusal to comply with dietary recommendations, and refusal of cesarean section delivery. For each topic, empirical and theoretical factors relevant to the cases are discussed from an “egalitarian perspective” that imputes privileged status to the standpoint of those who are “nondominant”. Implications of different positions about the moral status of the fetus are also considered.Less
Cases illustrating variables relevant to pregnant women’s noncompliance with medical recommendations intended to benefit the fetus or potential child are presented. These involve refusal of hospitalization, refusal to comply with dietary recommendations, and refusal of cesarean section delivery. For each topic, empirical and theoretical factors relevant to the cases are discussed from an “egalitarian perspective” that imputes privileged status to the standpoint of those who are “nondominant”. Implications of different positions about the moral status of the fetus are also considered.
Peter J. Pecora, Ronald C. Kessler, Jason Williams, A. Chris Downs, Diana J. English, James White, and Kirk O'Brien
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195175912
- eISBN:
- 9780199865628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195175912.003.0013
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter summarizes the Northwest Alumni Study's main study research questions, hypotheses, and findings. Recommendations tied directly to the study data are discussed, along with other ...
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This chapter summarizes the Northwest Alumni Study's main study research questions, hypotheses, and findings. Recommendations tied directly to the study data are discussed, along with other strategies that have been identified through discussions with alumni from foster care, staff, and others. The summary of major study findings is divided into findings from the (1) primary research questions and corresponding hypotheses and (2) supplemental research questions. Many of the questions and hypotheses concern the overall status of outcomes such as mental health functioning, while other questions concern relations among variables, such as the effect of child maltreatment on future financial health. In addition to answering the questions and testing hypotheses, data presented in previous chapters have provided answers to many unasked questions. These findings are presented where appropriate.Less
This chapter summarizes the Northwest Alumni Study's main study research questions, hypotheses, and findings. Recommendations tied directly to the study data are discussed, along with other strategies that have been identified through discussions with alumni from foster care, staff, and others. The summary of major study findings is divided into findings from the (1) primary research questions and corresponding hypotheses and (2) supplemental research questions. Many of the questions and hypotheses concern the overall status of outcomes such as mental health functioning, while other questions concern relations among variables, such as the effect of child maltreatment on future financial health. In addition to answering the questions and testing hypotheses, data presented in previous chapters have provided answers to many unasked questions. These findings are presented where appropriate.
Leah F. Vosko
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199574810
- eISBN:
- 9780191722080
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574810.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy, HRM / IR
This chapter examines responses to the destabilization of the employment relationship and labour market insecurities coming in its train. The regulation of principal focus is the ILO Recommendation ...
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This chapter examines responses to the destabilization of the employment relationship and labour market insecurities coming in its train. The regulation of principal focus is the ILO Recommendation on the Employment Relationship (2006), marking a shift from equal treatment to effective protection. The empirical focus is Industrialized Market Economy Countries experiencing a rise of self‐employment resembling paid employment, a subset of which was precarious, in the late 20th century. Two approaches to self‐employment are scrutinized: the approach advanced in Australia at the federal level, characterized by the promotion of independent contracting, and the approach pursued in several EU countries as well as at the Community level, characterized by measures supporting entrepreneurship while aiming to limit insecurities among the self‐employed. Among these approaches, EU‐level proposals addressing ‘economically dependent work’ hold promise. However, even they retain the binary division between paid or subordinate employment and self‐employment rather than extending labour protection to all workers.Less
This chapter examines responses to the destabilization of the employment relationship and labour market insecurities coming in its train. The regulation of principal focus is the ILO Recommendation on the Employment Relationship (2006), marking a shift from equal treatment to effective protection. The empirical focus is Industrialized Market Economy Countries experiencing a rise of self‐employment resembling paid employment, a subset of which was precarious, in the late 20th century. Two approaches to self‐employment are scrutinized: the approach advanced in Australia at the federal level, characterized by the promotion of independent contracting, and the approach pursued in several EU countries as well as at the Community level, characterized by measures supporting entrepreneurship while aiming to limit insecurities among the self‐employed. Among these approaches, EU‐level proposals addressing ‘economically dependent work’ hold promise. However, even they retain the binary division between paid or subordinate employment and self‐employment rather than extending labour protection to all workers.
Roger Cousens, Calvin Dytham, and Richard Law
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199299126
- eISBN:
- 9780191715006
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299126.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This short concluding chapter first summarizes the book's take-home messages from the three sections of the book, and then lists some recommendations for future research.
This short concluding chapter first summarizes the book's take-home messages from the three sections of the book, and then lists some recommendations for future research.
Stephen J. Simpson and David Raubenheimer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691145655
- eISBN:
- 9781400842803
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691145655.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This introductory chapter expands on three important themes that form the backdrop of this book's study: nutrition touches and links all living things; nutrition is complex; and there have been ...
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This introductory chapter expands on three important themes that form the backdrop of this book's study: nutrition touches and links all living things; nutrition is complex; and there have been benefits both from the highly specific and detailed approach of applied nutritional sciences and the simplified, general approaches adopted in the ecological sciences. At the most conspicuous level, nutrition is a primary factor defining the geographic distribution and temporal pattern of activity for many animals. Achieving nutritional homeostasis involves a complex interplay between multiple and changing nutrient needs and variable foods. The detailed studies of human and animal nutritionists have yielded a wealth of information for deriving dietary recommendations for human health, formulating animal feeds, designing dietary regimes for captive animals, supplementing the nutrition of free-ranging animals—and many other important practical applications.Less
This introductory chapter expands on three important themes that form the backdrop of this book's study: nutrition touches and links all living things; nutrition is complex; and there have been benefits both from the highly specific and detailed approach of applied nutritional sciences and the simplified, general approaches adopted in the ecological sciences. At the most conspicuous level, nutrition is a primary factor defining the geographic distribution and temporal pattern of activity for many animals. Achieving nutritional homeostasis involves a complex interplay between multiple and changing nutrient needs and variable foods. The detailed studies of human and animal nutritionists have yielded a wealth of information for deriving dietary recommendations for human health, formulating animal feeds, designing dietary regimes for captive animals, supplementing the nutrition of free-ranging animals—and many other important practical applications.
Prudence L. Carter
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199899630
- eISBN:
- 9780199951147
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199899630.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education, Race and Ethnicity
Chapter Seven summarizes the findings and arguments, ranging from cross-national to inter-organizational to between-group analyses. The chapter returns to the question: what are the features of ...
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Chapter Seven summarizes the findings and arguments, ranging from cross-national to inter-organizational to between-group analyses. The chapter returns to the question: what are the features of school environments that make students' of color incorporation in education greater at some schools and smaller at others? It offers some recommendations for policy makers and educators to consider in attempts to uproot the weeds of educational inequality that have long vexed two national systems. Overall, it encapsulates the research discussed throughout Stubborn Roots, maintaining how the obstinate legacy of past injustices can be overturned to weed out the invasion of both overt and latent practices that stifle the growth of equity in schools found within two just, democratic societies.Less
Chapter Seven summarizes the findings and arguments, ranging from cross-national to inter-organizational to between-group analyses. The chapter returns to the question: what are the features of school environments that make students' of color incorporation in education greater at some schools and smaller at others? It offers some recommendations for policy makers and educators to consider in attempts to uproot the weeds of educational inequality that have long vexed two national systems. Overall, it encapsulates the research discussed throughout Stubborn Roots, maintaining how the obstinate legacy of past injustices can be overturned to weed out the invasion of both overt and latent practices that stifle the growth of equity in schools found within two just, democratic societies.
Francesco Boldizzoni
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144009
- eISBN:
- 9781400838851
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144009.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter begins with a discussion of the roots of economic history. It then turns to the identity crisis faced by economic history today, brought about by the development of a movement founded in ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of the roots of economic history. It then turns to the identity crisis faced by economic history today, brought about by the development of a movement founded in the United States at the end of the 1950s known as “new economic history” or “cliometrics.” History is normally expected to improve our understanding of the past. It is probably agreed that what distinguishes good historical research is its capacity to throw light on the workings of societies that differ to varying degrees from our own. However, the aim of cliometrics is not to increase our knowledge of the past. It is to create narratives of the past compatible with neoliberal economics, and often it is a highly ideological exercise to endorse specific worldviews, theories, and policy recommendations.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the roots of economic history. It then turns to the identity crisis faced by economic history today, brought about by the development of a movement founded in the United States at the end of the 1950s known as “new economic history” or “cliometrics.” History is normally expected to improve our understanding of the past. It is probably agreed that what distinguishes good historical research is its capacity to throw light on the workings of societies that differ to varying degrees from our own. However, the aim of cliometrics is not to increase our knowledge of the past. It is to create narratives of the past compatible with neoliberal economics, and often it is a highly ideological exercise to endorse specific worldviews, theories, and policy recommendations.
J. Patrick Meyer
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195380361
- eISBN:
- 9780199847914
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380361.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Absolutely no judgment or evaluation should be included when reporting a reliability analysis. Estimates should speak for themselves and it is the task of the readers to judge their values. The ...
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Absolutely no judgment or evaluation should be included when reporting a reliability analysis. Estimates should speak for themselves and it is the task of the readers to judge their values. The discussion should focus on limitations of analysis. In this chapter, example discussions for the Benchmark Assessment of English Language Arts (ELA), the Palmetto Achievement Challenge Test (PACT) of mathematics, and the MSCAN are provided. Several books for future reading are recommended. These include books on classical test theory. Some of the recommended book include Theory of Mental Tests by Gulliksen, Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores by Lord and Novick, and Reliability for the Social Sciences: Theory and Applications by Traub. The chapter also advises that reading be done on original references so that one can read the original words of the author. Other references are given after this chapter.Less
Absolutely no judgment or evaluation should be included when reporting a reliability analysis. Estimates should speak for themselves and it is the task of the readers to judge their values. The discussion should focus on limitations of analysis. In this chapter, example discussions for the Benchmark Assessment of English Language Arts (ELA), the Palmetto Achievement Challenge Test (PACT) of mathematics, and the MSCAN are provided. Several books for future reading are recommended. These include books on classical test theory. Some of the recommended book include Theory of Mental Tests by Gulliksen, Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores by Lord and Novick, and Reliability for the Social Sciences: Theory and Applications by Traub. The chapter also advises that reading be done on original references so that one can read the original words of the author. Other references are given after this chapter.
Roger Rees
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199203956
- eISBN:
- 9780191708244
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199203956.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter examines letters of reference or recommendations written by Charlesworth, Cicero, Pliny, and Fronto, focusing on how the authors emphasize their own discretion in offering their ...
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This chapter examines letters of reference or recommendations written by Charlesworth, Cicero, Pliny, and Fronto, focusing on how the authors emphasize their own discretion in offering their evaluation of the subject and how their statements about the subject's merit can be interwoven with praise. The style confirms its vintage, with the formal pairing of substantives and adjectives, the fondness for abstractions and the contrastive ‘but’ and certain details of phrasing, such as ‘I am glad indeed’ or ‘standing in work or games’. It is easy to identify both continuities and changes. Alignment of interests and obligations through triangulation can be seen throughout surviving letters of recommendation and identify them as best textual evidence for the processes of Roman patronage in action.Less
This chapter examines letters of reference or recommendations written by Charlesworth, Cicero, Pliny, and Fronto, focusing on how the authors emphasize their own discretion in offering their evaluation of the subject and how their statements about the subject's merit can be interwoven with praise. The style confirms its vintage, with the formal pairing of substantives and adjectives, the fondness for abstractions and the contrastive ‘but’ and certain details of phrasing, such as ‘I am glad indeed’ or ‘standing in work or games’. It is easy to identify both continuities and changes. Alignment of interests and obligations through triangulation can be seen throughout surviving letters of recommendation and identify them as best textual evidence for the processes of Roman patronage in action.
Brian H. Bornstein and Monica K. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195328677
- eISBN:
- 9780199869954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328677.003.010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Forensic Psychology
This concluding chapter summarizes the major findings, identifies some of the key themes running through the book, and discusses future research directions. It also revisits the questions raised in ...
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This concluding chapter summarizes the major findings, identifies some of the key themes running through the book, and discusses future research directions. It also revisits the questions raised in earlier chapter of why religion at trial matters, whether it should matter, and the extent to which it does matter.Less
This concluding chapter summarizes the major findings, identifies some of the key themes running through the book, and discusses future research directions. It also revisits the questions raised in earlier chapter of why religion at trial matters, whether it should matter, and the extent to which it does matter.
John L. Campbell and Ove K. Pedersen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150314
- eISBN:
- 9781400850365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150314.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter assesses the degree to which knowledge regimes influence policymaking. It begins by asking whether individual policy research organizations influence policymakers' thinking? For ...
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This chapter assesses the degree to which knowledge regimes influence policymaking. It begins by asking whether individual policy research organizations influence policymakers' thinking? For methodological reasons, it is enormously difficult to determine which policy research organizations are influential on an individual basis. Notably, the evidence offered by people in these organizations by which they try to measure their organization's influence is, by their own admission, often circumstantial at best. Meanwhile, based on content analysis of reports from national councils of economic advisors in the four countries studied here, arguments, analyses, and policy recommendations from these councils reflect the arrangement of the knowledge regimes in which they are located. As such, these cases demonstrate that the structure of knowledge regimes affects the content of the ideas that they produce.Less
This chapter assesses the degree to which knowledge regimes influence policymaking. It begins by asking whether individual policy research organizations influence policymakers' thinking? For methodological reasons, it is enormously difficult to determine which policy research organizations are influential on an individual basis. Notably, the evidence offered by people in these organizations by which they try to measure their organization's influence is, by their own admission, often circumstantial at best. Meanwhile, based on content analysis of reports from national councils of economic advisors in the four countries studied here, arguments, analyses, and policy recommendations from these councils reflect the arrangement of the knowledge regimes in which they are located. As such, these cases demonstrate that the structure of knowledge regimes affects the content of the ideas that they produce.
Judith G. Kelley
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691152776
- eISBN:
- 9781400842520
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691152776.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter compares how several countries respond to recommendations by monitors in the long run, and whether the overall quality of elections improves throughout multiple monitored elections. Most ...
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This chapter compares how several countries respond to recommendations by monitors in the long run, and whether the overall quality of elections improves throughout multiple monitored elections. Most monitoring efforts aim not simply to deter overt cheating in a single round of elections, but to bring changes in the long run. This is one reason many organizations invest considerable time on the ground. More than half of monitored elections have at least one pre-election visit by an organizational delegation, and in about 40 percent of elections at least one organization arrived a month or more in advance. Most importantly, international election monitors usually include many recommendations in their reports. These recommendations call attention to current problems in the legal and administrative framework for elections and often make concrete suggestions about how to address them.Less
This chapter compares how several countries respond to recommendations by monitors in the long run, and whether the overall quality of elections improves throughout multiple monitored elections. Most monitoring efforts aim not simply to deter overt cheating in a single round of elections, but to bring changes in the long run. This is one reason many organizations invest considerable time on the ground. More than half of monitored elections have at least one pre-election visit by an organizational delegation, and in about 40 percent of elections at least one organization arrived a month or more in advance. Most importantly, international election monitors usually include many recommendations in their reports. These recommendations call attention to current problems in the legal and administrative framework for elections and often make concrete suggestions about how to address them.
Leonardo Morlino
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199572533
- eISBN:
- 9780191731082
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572533.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization, Comparative Politics
The four key theoretical mechanisms that came out of the entire research are recalled and the prospects for future research on the field are proposed. Finally, the issue of what policy ...
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The four key theoretical mechanisms that came out of the entire research are recalled and the prospects for future research on the field are proposed. Finally, the issue of what policy recommendations should be addressed is discussed.Less
The four key theoretical mechanisms that came out of the entire research are recalled and the prospects for future research on the field are proposed. Finally, the issue of what policy recommendations should be addressed is discussed.
Margaret Rosso Grossman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199542482
- eISBN:
- 9780191594342
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199542482.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
Increased global cultivation of GM crops raises concerns about the coexistence of GM varieties with conventional and organic crops. In the European Union, where few GM crops are grown, GM content ...
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Increased global cultivation of GM crops raises concerns about the coexistence of GM varieties with conventional and organic crops. In the European Union, where few GM crops are grown, GM content that exceeds strict regulatory thresholds triggers requirements for labelling and traceability. Successful coexistence measures can minimize GM presence and avoid those labelling and traceability requirements. Though the European Union does not impose standards for coexistence, a 2003 Commission Recommendation lays down guidelines for Member State strategies and best practices. Member States have enacted (or will enact) coexistence measures, including education, notification, and on-farm practices. Significant issues related to coexistence include limits on GM content in seeds, the effects of GMOs on organic production, the legality of GM-free areas in the European Union, and liability for damage caused by commingling of GM and other crops.Less
Increased global cultivation of GM crops raises concerns about the coexistence of GM varieties with conventional and organic crops. In the European Union, where few GM crops are grown, GM content that exceeds strict regulatory thresholds triggers requirements for labelling and traceability. Successful coexistence measures can minimize GM presence and avoid those labelling and traceability requirements. Though the European Union does not impose standards for coexistence, a 2003 Commission Recommendation lays down guidelines for Member State strategies and best practices. Member States have enacted (or will enact) coexistence measures, including education, notification, and on-farm practices. Significant issues related to coexistence include limits on GM content in seeds, the effects of GMOs on organic production, the legality of GM-free areas in the European Union, and liability for damage caused by commingling of GM and other crops.
Peter White
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195388510
- eISBN:
- 9780199866717
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388510.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
The editor of Cicero's correspondence did not publish all the letter files that Cicero left when he died. Many letters were omitted that did not concern politics or involve members of the political ...
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The editor of Cicero's correspondence did not publish all the letter files that Cicero left when he died. Many letters were omitted that did not concern politics or involve members of the political class. Among those selected, the preference shown for enclosures, recommendations, and letters addressed to Cicero had the effect of highlighting his influence at every level of Roman society. The editor also made a point of creating arrangements of the letters that emphasized Cicero's role in dramatic events. The published correspondence thus served to project an image of Cicero as an important public man.Less
The editor of Cicero's correspondence did not publish all the letter files that Cicero left when he died. Many letters were omitted that did not concern politics or involve members of the political class. Among those selected, the preference shown for enclosures, recommendations, and letters addressed to Cicero had the effect of highlighting his influence at every level of Roman society. The editor also made a point of creating arrangements of the letters that emphasized Cicero's role in dramatic events. The published correspondence thus served to project an image of Cicero as an important public man.
Patrick Dattalo
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195315493
- eISBN:
- 9780199865475
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195315493.003.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter defines important terms and concepts. It a familiarity with issues related to the appropriate application of each statistical procedure in terms of assumptions and purpose. The chapter ...
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This chapter defines important terms and concepts. It a familiarity with issues related to the appropriate application of each statistical procedure in terms of assumptions and purpose. The chapter summarizes the book's organization as follows: approaches to estimating sample size including power analysis, confidence intervals, computer-intensive methods, ethical and cost considerations; synthesis and recommendations; comprehensive worked examples; and annotated bibliography of recommended readings and resources for sample size determination.Less
This chapter defines important terms and concepts. It a familiarity with issues related to the appropriate application of each statistical procedure in terms of assumptions and purpose. The chapter summarizes the book's organization as follows: approaches to estimating sample size including power analysis, confidence intervals, computer-intensive methods, ethical and cost considerations; synthesis and recommendations; comprehensive worked examples; and annotated bibliography of recommended readings and resources for sample size determination.
Ananish Chaudhuri and Tirnud Paichayontvijit
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198073970
- eISBN:
- 9780199081615
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198073970.003.0017
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
Numerous studies have investigated the issue of private provision of public goods using a linear public goods game. This game creates conflict between cooperation, which contributes to the public ...
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Numerous studies have investigated the issue of private provision of public goods using a linear public goods game. This game creates conflict between cooperation, which contributes to the public good, and self-interest, which involves free-riding on others' contributions. Using decision-making experiments, this chapter examines voluntary contributions to a public good. It considers two separate mechanisms for sustaining cooperation over time: recommended play and costly punishments. It compares behaviour in these two experimental treatments to a control treatment with no recommendations or punishments. It also analyses behaviour in groups with a fixed composition over time as well as behaviour in groups with members who are randomly re-matched at the end of each round. The chapter shows that contributions in the initial rounds are higher in the treatment with recommendations than in the baseline and punishment treatments. Contributions decrease much faster with recommendation, whereas contributions increase in treatments with punishment over time.Less
Numerous studies have investigated the issue of private provision of public goods using a linear public goods game. This game creates conflict between cooperation, which contributes to the public good, and self-interest, which involves free-riding on others' contributions. Using decision-making experiments, this chapter examines voluntary contributions to a public good. It considers two separate mechanisms for sustaining cooperation over time: recommended play and costly punishments. It compares behaviour in these two experimental treatments to a control treatment with no recommendations or punishments. It also analyses behaviour in groups with a fixed composition over time as well as behaviour in groups with members who are randomly re-matched at the end of each round. The chapter shows that contributions in the initial rounds are higher in the treatment with recommendations than in the baseline and punishment treatments. Contributions decrease much faster with recommendation, whereas contributions increase in treatments with punishment over time.
Katharine Mumford
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861344960
- eISBN:
- 9781447302179
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861344960.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
What impact do poor neighbourhood conditions have on family life? Why does ‘neighbourhood’ matter to low-income families? How important is community spirit to people living in deprived areas? Does ...
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What impact do poor neighbourhood conditions have on family life? Why does ‘neighbourhood’ matter to low-income families? How important is community spirit to people living in deprived areas? Does major regeneration funding improve social conditions? Using an up-to-date account of life in East London, this book illustrates how cities faced with neighbourhoods in decline are changing. It gives a bird's-eye view of neighbourhood problems and assets; provides policy recommendations based on real life experiences; and tackles topical issues such as race relations, mothers and work, urban revival, and social disorder through the eyes of families.Less
What impact do poor neighbourhood conditions have on family life? Why does ‘neighbourhood’ matter to low-income families? How important is community spirit to people living in deprived areas? Does major regeneration funding improve social conditions? Using an up-to-date account of life in East London, this book illustrates how cities faced with neighbourhoods in decline are changing. It gives a bird's-eye view of neighbourhood problems and assets; provides policy recommendations based on real life experiences; and tackles topical issues such as race relations, mothers and work, urban revival, and social disorder through the eyes of families.
