Joel James Shuman and Keith G. Meador
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195154696
- eISBN:
- 9780199784714
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019515469X.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Sickness and suffering are nearly universal human concerns, and many of the world's great religious traditions are devoted, in part, to teaching their adherents how to live faithfully in the midst of ...
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Sickness and suffering are nearly universal human concerns, and many of the world's great religious traditions are devoted, in part, to teaching their adherents how to live faithfully in the midst of these unhappy realities. A recent spate of scholarly and popular literature suggests that religious activity – what frequently is referred to as spirituality – is a potentially effective means of achieving better health. This contemporary rapprochement between religion and medicine, however, has little in common with the Christian tradition and its concern for the well‐being of the human creature. The God whose presence is displayed to the world in the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth is not one who may be domesticated by human belief, but who calls into existence a community of friends who care for one another as a sign of God's care for the world.Less
Sickness and suffering are nearly universal human concerns, and many of the world's great religious traditions are devoted, in part, to teaching their adherents how to live faithfully in the midst of these unhappy realities. A recent spate of scholarly and popular literature suggests that religious activity – what frequently is referred to as spirituality – is a potentially effective means of achieving better health. This contemporary rapprochement between religion and medicine, however, has little in common with the Christian tradition and its concern for the well‐being of the human creature. The God whose presence is displayed to the world in the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth is not one who may be domesticated by human belief, but who calls into existence a community of friends who care for one another as a sign of God's care for the world.
Volker L. Menze
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199534876
- eISBN:
- 9780191716041
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199534876.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
Chapter 4 combines a discussion of the developments of non-Chalcedonian church life with an account of how the imperial government tried to reintegrate the centrifugal elements in the eastern ...
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Chapter 4 combines a discussion of the developments of non-Chalcedonian church life with an account of how the imperial government tried to reintegrate the centrifugal elements in the eastern provinces. After a few years in exile the non-Chalcedonian bishops started to ordain a separate hierarchy that challenged the sacramental authority of the Chalcedonians—most visible by taking a non-Chalcedonian Eucharist. Prominent among the non-Chalcedonians appears John of Tella whose mass ordinations made him one of Justinian's dangerous opponents (and perhaps also an advocate of a different (eucharistic) ecclesiology). The problems which the religious controversy caused for the average layperson are addressed as well as the development of the different Chalcedonian and non-Chalcedonian liturgies (especially the case of the Trisagion). If read in context, the sources show that Justinian responded with a genuine attempt of rapprochement towards the non-Chalcedonians in the early 530s.Less
Chapter 4 combines a discussion of the developments of non-Chalcedonian church life with an account of how the imperial government tried to reintegrate the centrifugal elements in the eastern provinces. After a few years in exile the non-Chalcedonian bishops started to ordain a separate hierarchy that challenged the sacramental authority of the Chalcedonians—most visible by taking a non-Chalcedonian Eucharist. Prominent among the non-Chalcedonians appears John of Tella whose mass ordinations made him one of Justinian's dangerous opponents (and perhaps also an advocate of a different (eucharistic) ecclesiology). The problems which the religious controversy caused for the average layperson are addressed as well as the development of the different Chalcedonian and non-Chalcedonian liturgies (especially the case of the Trisagion). If read in context, the sources show that Justinian responded with a genuine attempt of rapprochement towards the non-Chalcedonians in the early 530s.
Ennis Barrington Edmonds
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195133769
- eISBN:
- 9780199834167
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195133765.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
Since its emergence in the margins of 1930s Jamaican society, Rastafari has moved to the forefront of Jamaican popular culture. This transition has been occasioned by Rastafari's own internal ...
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Since its emergence in the margins of 1930s Jamaican society, Rastafari has moved to the forefront of Jamaican popular culture. This transition has been occasioned by Rastafari's own internal dynamics, by the gradual shift from a more conflict‐ridden relationship to rapprochement between the movement and the wider society, and by the ability of the movement to insert itself in the cultural life of the society. With regard to its internal development, Rastas have evolved a dynamic social ethos with informal social relationships facilitated through a network of “houses” and “mansions,” a highly developed view of the world expressed in a variety of symbols, and period ritual activities that initiate and confirm individuals in the principles and ethos of Rastafari. The relationship between Rastafari and the wider society has evolved from outright confrontation in the early years of the movement, to a more accommodating posture in the 1960s, to a more aggressive cooptation and use of Rastafarian symbols in the 1970s, and finally, to a positive embrace of Rastafarian contribution to the indigenous culture and the commodification of the Rastafarian image and symbols for “culture tourism” since the 1980s. Rastafarian influence on Jamaica's indigenous culture is quite pervasive, but the most celebrated influence has been on reggae, Jamaican popular music, made famous around the world by Bob Marley and the Wailers, Jimmy Cliff, Third World, and others. Though Rastafari does not have the centralized institutions that Max Weber regarded as necessary for routinization, the factors outlined above have contributed to its entrenchment in the fabric of Jamaica's cultural life.Less
Since its emergence in the margins of 1930s Jamaican society, Rastafari has moved to the forefront of Jamaican popular culture. This transition has been occasioned by Rastafari's own internal dynamics, by the gradual shift from a more conflict‐ridden relationship to rapprochement between the movement and the wider society, and by the ability of the movement to insert itself in the cultural life of the society. With regard to its internal development, Rastas have evolved a dynamic social ethos with informal social relationships facilitated through a network of “houses” and “mansions,” a highly developed view of the world expressed in a variety of symbols, and period ritual activities that initiate and confirm individuals in the principles and ethos of Rastafari. The relationship between Rastafari and the wider society has evolved from outright confrontation in the early years of the movement, to a more accommodating posture in the 1960s, to a more aggressive cooptation and use of Rastafarian symbols in the 1970s, and finally, to a positive embrace of Rastafarian contribution to the indigenous culture and the commodification of the Rastafarian image and symbols for “culture tourism” since the 1980s. Rastafarian influence on Jamaica's indigenous culture is quite pervasive, but the most celebrated influence has been on reggae, Jamaican popular music, made famous around the world by Bob Marley and the Wailers, Jimmy Cliff, Third World, and others. Though Rastafari does not have the centralized institutions that Max Weber regarded as necessary for routinization, the factors outlined above have contributed to its entrenchment in the fabric of Jamaica's cultural life.
Michael Lumbers
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719077784
- eISBN:
- 9781781700808
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719077784.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This is a comprehensive study of US policy towards China during the presidency of Lyndon Baines Johnson, a critical phase of the Cold War immediately preceding the dramatic Sino-American ...
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This is a comprehensive study of US policy towards China during the presidency of Lyndon Baines Johnson, a critical phase of the Cold War immediately preceding the dramatic Sino-American rapprochement of the early 1970s. Based on a wide array of recently declassified government documents, it challenges the popular view that Johnson's approach to China was marked by stagnation and sterility, exploring the administration's relationship to both the Vietnam War and the Cultural Revolution. By documenting Johnson's contributions to the decision-making process, the book offers a new perspective on both his capacity as a foreign-policy leader and his role in the further development of the Cold War.Less
This is a comprehensive study of US policy towards China during the presidency of Lyndon Baines Johnson, a critical phase of the Cold War immediately preceding the dramatic Sino-American rapprochement of the early 1970s. Based on a wide array of recently declassified government documents, it challenges the popular view that Johnson's approach to China was marked by stagnation and sterility, exploring the administration's relationship to both the Vietnam War and the Cultural Revolution. By documenting Johnson's contributions to the decision-making process, the book offers a new perspective on both his capacity as a foreign-policy leader and his role in the further development of the Cold War.
Joel James Shuman and Keith G. Meador
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195154696
- eISBN:
- 9780199784714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019515469X.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
In the past 30 years, physicians and social scientists have begun to study the salutary effects of religious belief and practice on mental and physical health, concluding in general that a ...
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In the past 30 years, physicians and social scientists have begun to study the salutary effects of religious belief and practice on mental and physical health, concluding in general that a correlation exists between religiosity and health. Recently, some of these researchers have written for popular audiences, books and articles advocating religiosity for its health benefits. Generally speaking, these authors assume the existence of religion as such and of a universal human capacity for religiosity. This chapter suggests that the religion of this contemporary rapprochement is a distinctly modern phenomenon, a product of contemporary culture's cult of the self‐interested individual and a variant of the ancient Christian heresy called Gnosticism.Less
In the past 30 years, physicians and social scientists have begun to study the salutary effects of religious belief and practice on mental and physical health, concluding in general that a correlation exists between religiosity and health. Recently, some of these researchers have written for popular audiences, books and articles advocating religiosity for its health benefits. Generally speaking, these authors assume the existence of religion as such and of a universal human capacity for religiosity. This chapter suggests that the religion of this contemporary rapprochement is a distinctly modern phenomenon, a product of contemporary culture's cult of the self‐interested individual and a variant of the ancient Christian heresy called Gnosticism.
Rosemary Foot
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292920
- eISBN:
- 9780191599286
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292929.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This is the second of four chapters focusing on America’s perceptions of China’s capabilities, and dwelling on the correspondence between those perceptions and the projected consequences. It looks at ...
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This is the second of four chapters focusing on America’s perceptions of China’s capabilities, and dwelling on the correspondence between those perceptions and the projected consequences. It looks at American perceptions of China’s capabilities as a military power, discussing them in relation to the successive conflicts in which China was involved: the Korean war, the two Taiwan Straits crises, the Sino-Indian and Sino-Soviet border conflicts, the Vietnam war and the Sino-Vietnamese fighting in 1979. The discussion marks the transition from the Truman and Eisenhower administration appraisals of China’s conventional strength as a ‘candidate great power’ (in military terms), to the perceptions in the 1960s and throughout the 1970s, that China had not developed advanced conventional forces, and had been sufficiently weakened through its domestic and foreign policies eventually to require it to embark on a domestic modernization programme that led to the reduction and then ending of its support for the national liberation struggles it had previously championed. Moreover, it needed American military protection to help it deal with Soviet encirclement. This evolution in the understanding of China’s needs and capacities helped ease the path to the rapprochement and then normalization of relations between these two former military opponents, much as America’s own defeat in Vietnam made it easier for Mao to turn to Washington.Less
This is the second of four chapters focusing on America’s perceptions of China’s capabilities, and dwelling on the correspondence between those perceptions and the projected consequences. It looks at American perceptions of China’s capabilities as a military power, discussing them in relation to the successive conflicts in which China was involved: the Korean war, the two Taiwan Straits crises, the Sino-Indian and Sino-Soviet border conflicts, the Vietnam war and the Sino-Vietnamese fighting in 1979. The discussion marks the transition from the Truman and Eisenhower administration appraisals of China’s conventional strength as a ‘candidate great power’ (in military terms), to the perceptions in the 1960s and throughout the 1970s, that China had not developed advanced conventional forces, and had been sufficiently weakened through its domestic and foreign policies eventually to require it to embark on a domestic modernization programme that led to the reduction and then ending of its support for the national liberation struggles it had previously championed. Moreover, it needed American military protection to help it deal with Soviet encirclement. This evolution in the understanding of China’s needs and capacities helped ease the path to the rapprochement and then normalization of relations between these two former military opponents, much as America’s own defeat in Vietnam made it easier for Mao to turn to Washington.
Norman Ingram
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198222958
- eISBN:
- 9780191678547
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198222958.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
From 1919 to 1929, France experienced a decade of optimism towards old-style pacifism. This was a period of tremendous upheaval in European society; France was gradually changing from an anarchistic ...
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From 1919 to 1929, France experienced a decade of optimism towards old-style pacifism. This was a period of tremendous upheaval in European society; France was gradually changing from an anarchistic society to a state inspired by reason and law. Wars existed but the rule of law was increasingly mushrooming in Geneva and in other parts of the world. This chapter discusses and examines the nature of the APD's optimism, its reaction to the international developments of the 1920s, and its position on the question of Franco-German rapprochement in the light of the debate over war guilt.Less
From 1919 to 1929, France experienced a decade of optimism towards old-style pacifism. This was a period of tremendous upheaval in European society; France was gradually changing from an anarchistic society to a state inspired by reason and law. Wars existed but the rule of law was increasingly mushrooming in Geneva and in other parts of the world. This chapter discusses and examines the nature of the APD's optimism, its reaction to the international developments of the 1920s, and its position on the question of Franco-German rapprochement in the light of the debate over war guilt.
Ira Chernus
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804758079
- eISBN:
- 9780804768467
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804758079.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
For eight years President Dwight Eisenhower claimed to pursue peace and national security. Yet his policies entrenched the United States in a seemingly permanent cold war, a spiraling nuclear arms ...
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For eight years President Dwight Eisenhower claimed to pursue peace and national security. Yet his policies entrenched the United States in a seemingly permanent cold war, a spiraling nuclear arms race, and a deepening state of national insecurity. This book uncovers the key to this paradox in Eisenhower's unwavering commitment to a consistent way of talking, in private as well as in public, about the cold war rivalry. Contrary to what most historians have concluded, Eisenhower never aimed at any genuine rapprochement with the Soviet Union. The discourse always assumed that the United States would forever face an enemy bent on destroying it, making national insecurity a permanent way of life. The “peace” he sought was only an endless process of managing apocalyptic threats, a permanent state of “apocalypse management,” intended to give the United States unchallenged advantage in every arena of the cold war. The goal and the discourse that supported it were inherently self-defeating. Yet the discourse is Eisenhower's most enduring legacy, for it has shaped the United States' foreign policy ever since, leaving it still a national insecurity state.Less
For eight years President Dwight Eisenhower claimed to pursue peace and national security. Yet his policies entrenched the United States in a seemingly permanent cold war, a spiraling nuclear arms race, and a deepening state of national insecurity. This book uncovers the key to this paradox in Eisenhower's unwavering commitment to a consistent way of talking, in private as well as in public, about the cold war rivalry. Contrary to what most historians have concluded, Eisenhower never aimed at any genuine rapprochement with the Soviet Union. The discourse always assumed that the United States would forever face an enemy bent on destroying it, making national insecurity a permanent way of life. The “peace” he sought was only an endless process of managing apocalyptic threats, a permanent state of “apocalypse management,” intended to give the United States unchallenged advantage in every arena of the cold war. The goal and the discourse that supported it were inherently self-defeating. Yet the discourse is Eisenhower's most enduring legacy, for it has shaped the United States' foreign policy ever since, leaving it still a national insecurity state.
William M. LeoGrande and Peter Kornbluh
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469626604
- eISBN:
- 9781469626628
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469626604.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
History is being made in U.S.-Cuban relations. This book tells the real story behind the stunning December 17, 2014, announcement by President Obama and President Castro of their move to restore full ...
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History is being made in U.S.-Cuban relations. This book tells the real story behind the stunning December 17, 2014, announcement by President Obama and President Castro of their move to restore full diplomatic relations. It examines the ongoing efforts toward normalization in a new era of engagement. Challenging the conventional wisdom of perpetual conflict and aggression between the United States and Cuba since 1959, this book chronicles a surprising, untold history of bilateral efforts toward rapprochement and reconciliation. The text describes how, despite the intense political clamor surrounding efforts to improve relations with Havana, negotiations have been conducted by every presidential administration since Eisenhower’s through secret, back-channel diplomacy. From John F. Kennedy’s offering of an olive branch to Fidel Castro after the missile crisis, to Henry Kissinger’s top secret quest for normalization, to Barack Obama’s promise of a new approach, hundreds of formerly secret U.S. documents were uncovered and interviews with dozens of negotiators, intermediaries, and policy makers, including Fidel Castro and Jimmy Carter were conducted. The book reveals a fifty-year record of dialogue and negotiations, both open and furtive, that provides the historical foundation for the dramatic breakthrough in U.S.-Cuba ties.Less
History is being made in U.S.-Cuban relations. This book tells the real story behind the stunning December 17, 2014, announcement by President Obama and President Castro of their move to restore full diplomatic relations. It examines the ongoing efforts toward normalization in a new era of engagement. Challenging the conventional wisdom of perpetual conflict and aggression between the United States and Cuba since 1959, this book chronicles a surprising, untold history of bilateral efforts toward rapprochement and reconciliation. The text describes how, despite the intense political clamor surrounding efforts to improve relations with Havana, negotiations have been conducted by every presidential administration since Eisenhower’s through secret, back-channel diplomacy. From John F. Kennedy’s offering of an olive branch to Fidel Castro after the missile crisis, to Henry Kissinger’s top secret quest for normalization, to Barack Obama’s promise of a new approach, hundreds of formerly secret U.S. documents were uncovered and interviews with dozens of negotiators, intermediaries, and policy makers, including Fidel Castro and Jimmy Carter were conducted. The book reveals a fifty-year record of dialogue and negotiations, both open and furtive, that provides the historical foundation for the dramatic breakthrough in U.S.-Cuba ties.
William M. LeoGrande and Peter Kornbluh
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469626604
- eISBN:
- 9781469626628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469626604.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter describes how the Kennedy administration secretly explored the alternative of accommodation in dealing with Cuba, despite the administration’s otherwise infamously aggressive actions ...
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This chapter describes how the Kennedy administration secretly explored the alternative of accommodation in dealing with Cuba, despite the administration’s otherwise infamously aggressive actions against the country. Given that more aggressive options proved unequal to the task of ousting Castro, and the missile crisis dramatically demonstrated the dangers of hostility, the more civil option of trying to domesticate him through dialogue gained adherents—including the president himself. Amid economic destabilization, covert operations, and assassination plots, the Kennedy administration secretly but actively began to pursue what classified National Security Council (NSC) and CIA records referred to as “the rapprochement track” with Cuba.Less
This chapter describes how the Kennedy administration secretly explored the alternative of accommodation in dealing with Cuba, despite the administration’s otherwise infamously aggressive actions against the country. Given that more aggressive options proved unequal to the task of ousting Castro, and the missile crisis dramatically demonstrated the dangers of hostility, the more civil option of trying to domesticate him through dialogue gained adherents—including the president himself. Amid economic destabilization, covert operations, and assassination plots, the Kennedy administration secretly but actively began to pursue what classified National Security Council (NSC) and CIA records referred to as “the rapprochement track” with Cuba.
William M. LeoGrande and Peter Kornbluh
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469626604
- eISBN:
- 9781469626628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469626604.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter examines how Obama changed the domestic political dynamics of U.S.-Cuban relations, making new thinking about Cuba politically feasible. Obama promised to end restrictions on remittances ...
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This chapter examines how Obama changed the domestic political dynamics of U.S.-Cuban relations, making new thinking about Cuba politically feasible. Obama promised to end restrictions on remittances and family travel for Cuban Americans, resume “people-to-people” educational and cultural exchanges, and engage Cuba in talks on issues of mutual interest. Engagement, he argued, offered the best hope for promoting “a democratic opening in Cuba,” which would be “the foremost objective of our policy.” As the new president took the oath of office, conditions for a rapprochement between Cuba and the United States appeared more propitious than at any time in a half century.Less
This chapter examines how Obama changed the domestic political dynamics of U.S.-Cuban relations, making new thinking about Cuba politically feasible. Obama promised to end restrictions on remittances and family travel for Cuban Americans, resume “people-to-people” educational and cultural exchanges, and engage Cuba in talks on issues of mutual interest. Engagement, he argued, offered the best hope for promoting “a democratic opening in Cuba,” which would be “the foremost objective of our policy.” As the new president took the oath of office, conditions for a rapprochement between Cuba and the United States appeared more propitious than at any time in a half century.
Allen Douglas
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520228764
- eISBN:
- 9780520926943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520228764.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter studies how peace and the abolition of the censor paved the way for the Canard to become slightly less openly pacifist and frankly antimilitarist. It shows that about a year after the ...
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This chapter studies how peace and the abolition of the censor paved the way for the Canard to become slightly less openly pacifist and frankly antimilitarist. It shows that about a year after the peace treaty was signed, the weekly started to air its pessimism through a pun that eventually became a topos. The writers manipulated the dual meanings of the phrase la dernière guerre, which means the most recent war, and invented the phrase prochaine dernière guerre, or “next last war.” The Canard not only attacked those who criticized the efforts at Franco-German rapprochement and who continued to trade in anti-German hysteria, but also cynically greeted the peace offensives of Aristide Briand.Less
This chapter studies how peace and the abolition of the censor paved the way for the Canard to become slightly less openly pacifist and frankly antimilitarist. It shows that about a year after the peace treaty was signed, the weekly started to air its pessimism through a pun that eventually became a topos. The writers manipulated the dual meanings of the phrase la dernière guerre, which means the most recent war, and invented the phrase prochaine dernière guerre, or “next last war.” The Canard not only attacked those who criticized the efforts at Franco-German rapprochement and who continued to trade in anti-German hysteria, but also cynically greeted the peace offensives of Aristide Briand.
Wayne D. Gray
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195374827
- eISBN:
- 9780199847693
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374827.003.0021
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter provides a discussion on the emerging rapprochement between cognitive and ecological analyses. It introduces three of advances, namely embodied cognition, architectures of cognition, and ...
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This chapter provides a discussion on the emerging rapprochement between cognitive and ecological analyses. It introduces three of advances, namely embodied cognition, architectures of cognition, and soft constraints. In addition, it describes a research from the CogWorks Laboratory at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute that illustrates how these three advances yield an understanding of the functional task environment that is the key to the rapprochement between cognitive and ecological analyses. It also discusses two related questions, both of which ignore resource limits to focus on design limits. The reported work suggests that ignoring the analysis of optimality may lead one to draw false conclusions about people's willingness or success at implementing different strategies in a given task environment. Advances in the study of embodied cognition have led to the realization that properties of functional cognition and of the world are in a tight loop.Less
This chapter provides a discussion on the emerging rapprochement between cognitive and ecological analyses. It introduces three of advances, namely embodied cognition, architectures of cognition, and soft constraints. In addition, it describes a research from the CogWorks Laboratory at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute that illustrates how these three advances yield an understanding of the functional task environment that is the key to the rapprochement between cognitive and ecological analyses. It also discusses two related questions, both of which ignore resource limits to focus on design limits. The reported work suggests that ignoring the analysis of optimality may lead one to draw false conclusions about people's willingness or success at implementing different strategies in a given task environment. Advances in the study of embodied cognition have led to the realization that properties of functional cognition and of the world are in a tight loop.
Arthur Berger
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520232518
- eISBN:
- 9780520928213
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520232518.003.0008
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
The chapter elucidates the friendly takeover of the world of contemporary composition by the serialists. In the 1950s the two leading camps in the world of contemporary composition, the followers of ...
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The chapter elucidates the friendly takeover of the world of contemporary composition by the serialists. In the 1950s the two leading camps in the world of contemporary composition, the followers of Arnold Schoenberg and those of Igor Stravinsky, who had inhabited opposite sides of the barricades for well nigh half a century, finally made peace. The eventuality was sometimes referred to as a “rapprochement,” but for some composers, Stravinsky among them, it was actually more like a friendly takeover on the part of the serialists. The music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Anton Webern in the 1920s was considered extremely iconoclastic at that time but the composers now appear to have used musical form. In addition, classicism was quite superficial and the music that flowed from Schoenberg's pen was essentially modern. For Nabokov serialism had the “earmarks of a Messianic cult,” and far from being innovative it was the last stage in a harmonic development that could be traced back to 1600, whereas Stravinsky, on the other hand, had proclaimed a new domain that would start a new cycle—the domain of rhythm.Less
The chapter elucidates the friendly takeover of the world of contemporary composition by the serialists. In the 1950s the two leading camps in the world of contemporary composition, the followers of Arnold Schoenberg and those of Igor Stravinsky, who had inhabited opposite sides of the barricades for well nigh half a century, finally made peace. The eventuality was sometimes referred to as a “rapprochement,” but for some composers, Stravinsky among them, it was actually more like a friendly takeover on the part of the serialists. The music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Anton Webern in the 1920s was considered extremely iconoclastic at that time but the composers now appear to have used musical form. In addition, classicism was quite superficial and the music that flowed from Schoenberg's pen was essentially modern. For Nabokov serialism had the “earmarks of a Messianic cult,” and far from being innovative it was the last stage in a harmonic development that could be traced back to 1600, whereas Stravinsky, on the other hand, had proclaimed a new domain that would start a new cycle—the domain of rhythm.
Katja Garloff
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781501704963
- eISBN:
- 9781501706011
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501704963.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
This chapter draws on psychoanalytically inflected theories of ideology to offer a new explanation of the apparent inconsistencies of Arnim's antisemitism. Slavoj Žižek's concept of the “social ...
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This chapter draws on psychoanalytically inflected theories of ideology to offer a new explanation of the apparent inconsistencies of Arnim's antisemitism. Slavoj Žižek's concept of the “social fantasy” and Homi Bhabha's notion of “colonial mimicry” both stipulate that ideologies can incorporate a great deal of inconsistency and ambivalence without losing their effectiveness. These post-Freudian theories shed new light on Arnim precisely because ambiguity and ambivalence proliferate in his writings around the motif of interreligious love. It is shown that romantic attachments are the means by which Arnim figures the possibilities and the limits of Christian-Jewish rapprochement. It is also argued that interfaith love stories fulfill a distinct function in Arnim's political thought, which combines German nationalism with a critique of rising industrial capitalism. Arnim wrote several texts that either stage the emergence of a German community that excludes Jews or depict the corrosion of such a community through French occupation and rising industrial capitalism. These texts include the openly antisemitic speech “On the Distinguishing Signs of Jewishness,” the unpublished prose fragment “Reconciliation in the Summer Holiday,” and the complex novella Gentry by Entailment (Die Majorats-Herren). In each of these texts, the dramatization of failing Christian-Jewish love affairs serves to gloss over the tensions that trouble Arnim's visions of social harmony and political unity.Less
This chapter draws on psychoanalytically inflected theories of ideology to offer a new explanation of the apparent inconsistencies of Arnim's antisemitism. Slavoj Žižek's concept of the “social fantasy” and Homi Bhabha's notion of “colonial mimicry” both stipulate that ideologies can incorporate a great deal of inconsistency and ambivalence without losing their effectiveness. These post-Freudian theories shed new light on Arnim precisely because ambiguity and ambivalence proliferate in his writings around the motif of interreligious love. It is shown that romantic attachments are the means by which Arnim figures the possibilities and the limits of Christian-Jewish rapprochement. It is also argued that interfaith love stories fulfill a distinct function in Arnim's political thought, which combines German nationalism with a critique of rising industrial capitalism. Arnim wrote several texts that either stage the emergence of a German community that excludes Jews or depict the corrosion of such a community through French occupation and rising industrial capitalism. These texts include the openly antisemitic speech “On the Distinguishing Signs of Jewishness,” the unpublished prose fragment “Reconciliation in the Summer Holiday,” and the complex novella Gentry by Entailment (Die Majorats-Herren). In each of these texts, the dramatization of failing Christian-Jewish love affairs serves to gloss over the tensions that trouble Arnim's visions of social harmony and political unity.
Richard A. Moss
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780813167879
- eISBN:
- 9780813167909
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813167879.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Political History
The Sino-Soviet conflict, which first surfaced in the late 1950s and degenerated into armed border clashes in 1969, proved to be the main catalyst for Sino-American rapprochement. The China question ...
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The Sino-Soviet conflict, which first surfaced in the late 1950s and degenerated into armed border clashes in 1969, proved to be the main catalyst for Sino-American rapprochement. The China question almost immediately entered into the dialogue of the Kissinger-Dobrynin channel. Publicly, the Nixon administration said it would pursue relationships with both the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China. Privately, Nixon and Kissinger hoped to play the Soviets and the Chinese off each other—the concept of triangular diplomacy. Triangular diplomacy had less to do with the concrete and crude move of playing the powers off each other than it did with trying to influence the perceptions and emotions of Communist leaders. The documentary record suggests that it was only after Sino-American rapprochement had been set in motion in April-May 1971, with the Chinese Ping Pong diplomacy and the secret traffic through the Pakistani channel, that U.S. policymakers began to talk of playing the Communist powers off one another for American advantage.Less
The Sino-Soviet conflict, which first surfaced in the late 1950s and degenerated into armed border clashes in 1969, proved to be the main catalyst for Sino-American rapprochement. The China question almost immediately entered into the dialogue of the Kissinger-Dobrynin channel. Publicly, the Nixon administration said it would pursue relationships with both the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China. Privately, Nixon and Kissinger hoped to play the Soviets and the Chinese off each other—the concept of triangular diplomacy. Triangular diplomacy had less to do with the concrete and crude move of playing the powers off each other than it did with trying to influence the perceptions and emotions of Communist leaders. The documentary record suggests that it was only after Sino-American rapprochement had been set in motion in April-May 1971, with the Chinese Ping Pong diplomacy and the secret traffic through the Pakistani channel, that U.S. policymakers began to talk of playing the Communist powers off one another for American advantage.
Lawrence M. Crutcher
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813136882
- eISBN:
- 9780813141411
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813136882.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Georgiana continues to party in the palace, and a year later marries a Scotsman, John Jeffrey, who is twenty years younger. James Freeman Clarke writes a touching Sketch of George in The Dial. Isabel ...
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Georgiana continues to party in the palace, and a year later marries a Scotsman, John Jeffrey, who is twenty years younger. James Freeman Clarke writes a touching Sketch of George in The Dial. Isabel Keats dies in the palace of a gunshot wound to the chest, a likely suicide. Jeffrey writes to Monckton Milnes to offer transcriptions of John Keats’ letters, which he provides in a ragged form. Georgiana and Jeffrey have a marital spat, leading to her miscarrying his baby. Jeffrey commences a career of far- flung travels, installing gasworks. They move to Cincinnati, where the marriage settles down, although he is often away. A brief description of the Keats children as adults, including a visit to Emma Keats Speed by Oscar Wilde.Less
Georgiana continues to party in the palace, and a year later marries a Scotsman, John Jeffrey, who is twenty years younger. James Freeman Clarke writes a touching Sketch of George in The Dial. Isabel Keats dies in the palace of a gunshot wound to the chest, a likely suicide. Jeffrey writes to Monckton Milnes to offer transcriptions of John Keats’ letters, which he provides in a ragged form. Georgiana and Jeffrey have a marital spat, leading to her miscarrying his baby. Jeffrey commences a career of far- flung travels, installing gasworks. They move to Cincinnati, where the marriage settles down, although he is often away. A brief description of the Keats children as adults, including a visit to Emma Keats Speed by Oscar Wilde.
Stephen Bowman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474417815
- eISBN:
- 9781474445184
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474417815.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The introduction provides a grounding in the diplomatic history of Anglo-American relations and surveys the main events of the so-called ‘Great Rapprochement’ between the two countries, including the ...
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The introduction provides a grounding in the diplomatic history of Anglo-American relations and surveys the main events of the so-called ‘Great Rapprochement’ between the two countries, including the Alaskan Boundary Dispute, Britain’s response to the Spanish-American War in 1898, and the US’s subsequent attitude to Britain’s war with the Boers. The introduction analyses the concept of ‘Anglo-Saxonism’ and discusses the ways in which it was important both to the Pilgrims Society and to official Anglo-American relations. The introduction also provides a chapter by chapter breakdown of the rest of the book and outlines the argument that while the Pilgrims never set the agenda for official Anglo-American relations it nevertheless played a leading role in public diplomacy and, by extension, in how people have thought about how Britain and the United States have related to each other.Less
The introduction provides a grounding in the diplomatic history of Anglo-American relations and surveys the main events of the so-called ‘Great Rapprochement’ between the two countries, including the Alaskan Boundary Dispute, Britain’s response to the Spanish-American War in 1898, and the US’s subsequent attitude to Britain’s war with the Boers. The introduction analyses the concept of ‘Anglo-Saxonism’ and discusses the ways in which it was important both to the Pilgrims Society and to official Anglo-American relations. The introduction also provides a chapter by chapter breakdown of the rest of the book and outlines the argument that while the Pilgrims never set the agenda for official Anglo-American relations it nevertheless played a leading role in public diplomacy and, by extension, in how people have thought about how Britain and the United States have related to each other.
Sergey Radchenko
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780804798099
- eISBN:
- 9781503600133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804798099.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This chapter analyzes the border clashes between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union in March 1969. It details the development of Chinese leader Mao Zedong's perception of the Soviet ...
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This chapter analyzes the border clashes between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union in March 1969. It details the development of Chinese leader Mao Zedong's perception of the Soviet Union as a challenge to China's autonomy and the (cultural) revolution, underscoring Mao's failure to understand how the Soviet Union interpreted his actions as a credible threat. Employing his own frame of reference, Mao failed to grasp that the Soviet Union did not see the border conflict as a catalyst for internal mobilization and political control at home and in its satellite states, but as yet another manifestation of the seeming irrationality of Chinese foreign policy. Mao's surprise and feeling of hostile encirclement, as well as the deepening of Soviet distrust, paved the way in turn for China's famous rapprochement with the United States under President Richard Nixon.Less
This chapter analyzes the border clashes between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union in March 1969. It details the development of Chinese leader Mao Zedong's perception of the Soviet Union as a challenge to China's autonomy and the (cultural) revolution, underscoring Mao's failure to understand how the Soviet Union interpreted his actions as a credible threat. Employing his own frame of reference, Mao failed to grasp that the Soviet Union did not see the border conflict as a catalyst for internal mobilization and political control at home and in its satellite states, but as yet another manifestation of the seeming irrationality of Chinese foreign policy. Mao's surprise and feeling of hostile encirclement, as well as the deepening of Soviet distrust, paved the way in turn for China's famous rapprochement with the United States under President Richard Nixon.
Zeki Saritoprak
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813049403
- eISBN:
- 9780813050171
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813049403.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
Chapter 9 explores Islamic theology related to Jesus in light of its implications for Muslim-Christian cooperation, pluralism, and world peace. Saritoprak emphasizes the importance of dialogue and ...
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Chapter 9 explores Islamic theology related to Jesus in light of its implications for Muslim-Christian cooperation, pluralism, and world peace. Saritoprak emphasizes the importance of dialogue and pluralism in Islamic tradition and discusses the place of dialogue and the concept of the “People of the Book” in the Qur’an. He builds on a consideration of Qur’anic and historical associations between Muslims and Christians to address their current relationships and the many practical, philosophical, and theological efforts at rapprochement now under way. Such efforts include those of Fethullah Gülen as well as the Islamic idea of a “common word” which is being used to advance Christian-Muslim fellowship and dialogue through the Common Word Initiative. Such initiatives, Saritoprak argues, hold out promise of possibilities for broader transreligious and transcultural dialogue.Less
Chapter 9 explores Islamic theology related to Jesus in light of its implications for Muslim-Christian cooperation, pluralism, and world peace. Saritoprak emphasizes the importance of dialogue and pluralism in Islamic tradition and discusses the place of dialogue and the concept of the “People of the Book” in the Qur’an. He builds on a consideration of Qur’anic and historical associations between Muslims and Christians to address their current relationships and the many practical, philosophical, and theological efforts at rapprochement now under way. Such efforts include those of Fethullah Gülen as well as the Islamic idea of a “common word” which is being used to advance Christian-Muslim fellowship and dialogue through the Common Word Initiative. Such initiatives, Saritoprak argues, hold out promise of possibilities for broader transreligious and transcultural dialogue.
