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Imaging Takabuti: Radiology and Osteology

Eileen Murphy, Robert Loynes, and Judith Adams

in Life and Times of Takabuti in Ancient Egypt: Investigating the Belfast Mummy

In 2008, Takabuti was taken to Manchester Royal Infirmary where radiography and CT-scanning were performed; recent analysis has revealed several unexpected and unusual features. Initially, the scans ... More

In 2008, Takabuti was taken to Manchester Royal Infirmary where radiography and CT-scanning were performed; recent analysis has revealed several unexpected and unusual features. Initially, the scans indicated that she was around 25-35 years of age at death; there were no signs of disease and her cause of death remained unidentified. Current research on the CT-scans has revealed that the only organ tissue returned to the body after evisceration was the heart which, as the locus of the owner’s personality, was usually afforded special treatment. Endoscopy was used to take samples to identify any traces of disease. Partial visual examination of her teeth, together with the CT scans, enabled Takabuti’s dental state to be determined: all her teeth were present, there is no evidence of tooth decay and little indication of gum disease, in contrast to many ancient Egyptians who suffered from worn, sensitive and abscessed teeth. Stable carbon and isotope analysis undertaken on a sample of Takabuti’s hair has demonstrated that she probably ate a diet lacking cereals but rich in food derived from trees and shrubs as well as legumes, beans and pods. The lack of cereals is unusual in an ancient Egyptian diet.Less

Radiology and radiography

Nicholas Longridge, Pete Clarke, Raheel Aftab, and Tariq Ali

Katharine Boursicot and David Sales (eds)

in Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Dentistry

When you consider that, with direct vision alone, you can only see the coronal few millimetres of teeth and none of the surrounding alveolus, it becomes clear that, without additional visual aids, ... More

When you consider that, with direct vision alone, you can only see the coronal few millimetres of teeth and none of the surrounding alveolus, it becomes clear that, without additional visual aids, we can only assess and treat a relatively small proportion of our patient’s oral health needs. In 1895, only months after the very first medical radiograph, Dr Otto Walkhoff recorded the very first dental radiograph. This exposure was of his own dentition and lasted a lengthy 25 minutes. Since then, radiography has become a staple tool of the profession and refinement of the technology has allowed us to reduce exposure times down to milliseconds, with radiation doses smaller than those ex­perienced by people taking short- haul flights. Further advances in dose reduction and reformatting protocols have allowed for computed tom­ography to become increasingly popular for diagnostics and treatment planning in endodontic, oral surgery, and orthodontic cases. The benefits of dental radiography make them an indispensable resource, but since all types of radiation pose some degree of risk to human health, the clinician must consider how useful the information from the proposed exposure will be. There are no shortages of tragic stories of employees working with radiation who suffered ill health years after stopping work. Today dental radiography can be performed routinely and safely as a result of the valuable lesson learnt from the debilitating consequences suffered by past medical professionals, nuclear workers, and even the ‘radium girls’ who painted luminous material onto watch faces. Key topics include: ● Limitations of radiographs ● Image selection criteria ● Radiation physics, protection, and legislation ● Radiographic interpretation ● Types of dental radiographic imagery. Less

Digital Radiography

Varut Vardhanabhuti, Julia James, Rosemary Gray, Rehaan Nensey, Vivien Shuen, and Tishi Ninan

in MCQs for the First FRCR

Questions The intrinsic resolution in computed radiography (CR) is limited by: Pixel size. Scattering of laser light in the phosphor layer. Thickness of the phosphor layer. Diameter of the ... More

Questions The intrinsic resolution in computed radiography (CR) is limited by: Pixel size. Scattering of laser light in the phosphor layer. Thickness of the phosphor layer. Diameter of the scanning laser beam. Orientation of the x-ray beam. The...Less

The established allied health professions

Susan Nancarrow and Alan Borthwick

in The Allied Health Professions: A Sociological Perspective

This chapter explores in detail using the examples of optometry and radiography the early development of the well-established and more mature allied health professions who have had to negotiate their ... More

This chapter explores in detail using the examples of optometry and radiography the early development of the well-established and more mature allied health professions who have had to negotiate their professional boundaries with the state and the medical profession. In many ways, it is these early disputes and negotiations that are responsible for shaping the modern health workforce and the allied health division of labour. Optometry and radiology constitute two clear examples of professions that may be regarded as established within contemporary mainstream healthcare. One has a long pre-modern history, with a degree of autonomy built on its claim to a unique knowledge base that is independent of medicine and a track record of retail business success; the other emerged firmly rooted in hospital practice comprising technicians competing with medicine within a medical sphere of practice. Optometry, historically male-dominated, was established prior to the advent of full medical hegemony and power; radiography, mainly female, arose within it. Yet, both continue to operate within limits to a scope of practice defined by the presence of two major medical specialities with which they closely interface: ophthalmology and radiology. Both groups have a clearly limited and subordinate role in the provision of healthcare within their own spheres, and both had to concede the right to make diagnoses within their fields of expertise. It is the latter that has so clearly influenced the limitations set on the prescribing of medicines for both groups, even in the current policy climate of workforce redesign and role flexibility.Less

Film Screen Radiography

Varut Vardhanabhuti, Julia James, Rosemary Gray, Rehaan Nensey, Vivien Shuen, and Tishi Ninan

in MCQs for the First FRCR

Questions Regarding intensifying screens: Calcium tungstate emits blue light. The light production efficiency of a calcium tungstate intensifying screen is 5%. They emit electrons when bombarded ... More

Questions Regarding intensifying screens: Calcium tungstate emits blue light. The light production efficiency of a calcium tungstate intensifying screen is 5%. They emit electrons when bombarded with x-rays. The intensification factor is not related to patient dose. Shorter exposures...Less

Exam 7

Rebecca Hanlon, John Curtis, Hulya Wieshmann, David White, Caren Landes, and Val Gough

in Long Cases for the Final FRCR 2B

Case 7.1 Clinical details A 52-year-old male presenting with haemoptysis and weight loss. Imaging Coronal FDG PET image of the whole body. Axialfused FDG PET–CT image of the chest (see also ... More

Case 7.1 Clinical details A 52-year-old male presenting with haemoptysis and weight loss. Imaging Coronal FDG PET image of the whole body. Axialfused FDG PET–CT image of the chest (see also Plate 7). Axialfused FDG PET–CT image...Less