Juliet Hooker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195335361
- eISBN:
- 9780199868995
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335361.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This book examines how the social fact of race shapes the ethical-political orientations of citizens in diverse democracies. It develops the concept of racialized solidarity; explores its impact on ...
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This book examines how the social fact of race shapes the ethical-political orientations of citizens in diverse democracies. It develops the concept of racialized solidarity; explores its impact on current conceptions of racial justice, particularly as formulated in theories of multiculturalism; and suggests how it might begin to be addressed. Political solidarity is the reciprocal relation of trust and obligation between members of a political community necessary for them to live together on terms of fairness, reciprocity, and mutual respect. The contours of political solidarity continue to be indelibly shaped by race, however. Racialized solidarity is thus an important obstacle to racial justice. Weaving together insights drawn from African American political philosophy, theories of multiculturalism, and the literature on solidarity in political theory, the book develops a distinctive approach to questions of racial justice. Against the prevailing tendency to claim that the best way to deal with racism is to abandon the concept of race altogether, the book suggests that one way to begin to confront the racialized politics of solidarity is to attempt to transform the ethical-historical perspectives of dominant groups by making whiteness visible. This requires confronting past collective injustices and transforming the content of the political community's public memory so that it reflects the ethical-political perspectives of both dominant and subordinated groups. The book provides a detailed analysis of Latin American models of multiculturalism, which are compared to those developed in the United States and Canada.Less
This book examines how the social fact of race shapes the ethical-political orientations of citizens in diverse democracies. It develops the concept of racialized solidarity; explores its impact on current conceptions of racial justice, particularly as formulated in theories of multiculturalism; and suggests how it might begin to be addressed. Political solidarity is the reciprocal relation of trust and obligation between members of a political community necessary for them to live together on terms of fairness, reciprocity, and mutual respect. The contours of political solidarity continue to be indelibly shaped by race, however. Racialized solidarity is thus an important obstacle to racial justice. Weaving together insights drawn from African American political philosophy, theories of multiculturalism, and the literature on solidarity in political theory, the book develops a distinctive approach to questions of racial justice. Against the prevailing tendency to claim that the best way to deal with racism is to abandon the concept of race altogether, the book suggests that one way to begin to confront the racialized politics of solidarity is to attempt to transform the ethical-historical perspectives of dominant groups by making whiteness visible. This requires confronting past collective injustices and transforming the content of the political community's public memory so that it reflects the ethical-political perspectives of both dominant and subordinated groups. The book provides a detailed analysis of Latin American models of multiculturalism, which are compared to those developed in the United States and Canada.
Juliet Hooker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195335361
- eISBN:
- 9780199868995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335361.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This introductory chapter presents the main arguments of the book: that the disparate ethical-historical perspectives developed by dominant and subordinated racialized groups have enormous ...
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This introductory chapter presents the main arguments of the book: that the disparate ethical-historical perspectives developed by dominant and subordinated racialized groups have enormous consequences for how remedies to racialized oppression are adjudicated in the public sphere, and that as a result theorists of multiculturalism must begin to grapple with the obstacle the racialized politics of solidarity poses to the long-term project of achieving racial justice. It explains the concept of racialized solidarity and shows its pervasive presence in most diverse democracies, despite assumptions to the contrary. Key terms are defined and an overview of the objectives and structure of the book is provided.Less
This introductory chapter presents the main arguments of the book: that the disparate ethical-historical perspectives developed by dominant and subordinated racialized groups have enormous consequences for how remedies to racialized oppression are adjudicated in the public sphere, and that as a result theorists of multiculturalism must begin to grapple with the obstacle the racialized politics of solidarity poses to the long-term project of achieving racial justice. It explains the concept of racialized solidarity and shows its pervasive presence in most diverse democracies, despite assumptions to the contrary. Key terms are defined and an overview of the objectives and structure of the book is provided.
Juliet Hooker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195335361
- eISBN:
- 9780199868995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335361.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
What is the effect of the institutional design of minority group rights on political solidarity? Can debates about such rights begin to address racialized solidarity? This chapter examines these ...
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What is the effect of the institutional design of minority group rights on political solidarity? Can debates about such rights begin to address racialized solidarity? This chapter examines these questions more concretely by analyzing the model of multiculturalism adopted in Nicaragua, where multiple indigenous and Afro-descendant groups requiring remedies for both racialized oppression and the accommodation of cultural difference are present (as in Latin America generally). The Nicaraguan case is analyzed in order to evaluate the kinds of minority group rights that might best enable the fair accommodation of ethnocultural diversity, remedy racialized oppression, and foster political solidarity. It suggests that debates about such rights can begin to address racialized solidarity by ushering in contestation about the content of public memory, but only if and when arguments for these rights reveal the existence of a state organized on the basis of cultural difference and racial hierarchy.Less
What is the effect of the institutional design of minority group rights on political solidarity? Can debates about such rights begin to address racialized solidarity? This chapter examines these questions more concretely by analyzing the model of multiculturalism adopted in Nicaragua, where multiple indigenous and Afro-descendant groups requiring remedies for both racialized oppression and the accommodation of cultural difference are present (as in Latin America generally). The Nicaraguan case is analyzed in order to evaluate the kinds of minority group rights that might best enable the fair accommodation of ethnocultural diversity, remedy racialized oppression, and foster political solidarity. It suggests that debates about such rights can begin to address racialized solidarity by ushering in contestation about the content of public memory, but only if and when arguments for these rights reveal the existence of a state organized on the basis of cultural difference and racial hierarchy.
Esra Özyürek
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691162782
- eISBN:
- 9781400852710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691162782.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This introductory chapter discusses some questions on the contradictions and challenges in the lives of German converts to Islam. It aims to provide a preliminary understanding of what it means to ...
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This introductory chapter discusses some questions on the contradictions and challenges in the lives of German converts to Islam. It aims to provide a preliminary understanding of what it means to embrace Islam in a society that increasingly marginalizes and racializes Muslims. The chapter begins with a discussion of conversion to racialized religions, before considering whether Islamophobia is similar to anti-Semitism or homophobia. Afterward, the chapter narrows the context to Germany, revealing that even though Germany has a long history of racializing religion, especially Judaism, the racialization of Muslims with a clear class dimension is relatively new. This chapter also discusses the role of converts for a European Islam and Germany's long history of European conversions to Islam. Finally, the chapter lays out the methods and sources of research for this volume.Less
This introductory chapter discusses some questions on the contradictions and challenges in the lives of German converts to Islam. It aims to provide a preliminary understanding of what it means to embrace Islam in a society that increasingly marginalizes and racializes Muslims. The chapter begins with a discussion of conversion to racialized religions, before considering whether Islamophobia is similar to anti-Semitism or homophobia. Afterward, the chapter narrows the context to Germany, revealing that even though Germany has a long history of racializing religion, especially Judaism, the racialization of Muslims with a clear class dimension is relatively new. This chapter also discusses the role of converts for a European Islam and Germany's long history of European conversions to Islam. Finally, the chapter lays out the methods and sources of research for this volume.
Juliet Hooker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195335361
- eISBN:
- 9780199868995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335361.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter sketches the concepts of political solidarity and racialized solidarity. Contemporary political theorists have questioned the nature, scope, and basis of political solidarity: Is it ...
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This chapter sketches the concepts of political solidarity and racialized solidarity. Contemporary political theorists have questioned the nature, scope, and basis of political solidarity: Is it primarily affective (based on fellow feeling) or rational (based on a capacity to will the common good)? Is it best conceived in local or global terms? Does it spring from shared membership in a nation or a more universal humanity? They have had little to say about the impact of race on political solidarity, however. Political solidarity, it is argued, is best conceived as simultaneously having an important affective dimension and an ethical orientation that moves us to action; as multiple and overlapping; as the product of structural conditions that require individuals to develop contingent solidarities not dependent on common interests or identities; and as being fundamentally shaped by race.Less
This chapter sketches the concepts of political solidarity and racialized solidarity. Contemporary political theorists have questioned the nature, scope, and basis of political solidarity: Is it primarily affective (based on fellow feeling) or rational (based on a capacity to will the common good)? Is it best conceived in local or global terms? Does it spring from shared membership in a nation or a more universal humanity? They have had little to say about the impact of race on political solidarity, however. Political solidarity, it is argued, is best conceived as simultaneously having an important affective dimension and an ethical orientation that moves us to action; as multiple and overlapping; as the product of structural conditions that require individuals to develop contingent solidarities not dependent on common interests or identities; and as being fundamentally shaped by race.
Juliet Hooker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195335361
- eISBN:
- 9780199868995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335361.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter traces the development of the contemporary debate about minority group rights in political theory, and shows its lack of attention to solidarity. It (a) charts the bifurcation of the ...
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This chapter traces the development of the contemporary debate about minority group rights in political theory, and shows its lack of attention to solidarity. It (a) charts the bifurcation of the multiculturalism literature into two branches: one concerned with the justice of temporary group rights as compensation for historic racial injustice and another focused on permanent group rights for cultural minorities as enduring terms of fair coexistence; (b) analyzes the consequences of this split; and (c) argues that the two branches need to be reintegrated. Drawing on examples from Latin America—where indigenous peoples suffer from racial discrimination and racialized groups make claims relating to language, culture, and territory—it shows that the artificial theoretical division between race and culture in theories of multiculturalism can be misleading, and suggests that as a result of this bifurcation neither strand has sufficiently considered the potential effects of minority group rights on political solidarity.Less
This chapter traces the development of the contemporary debate about minority group rights in political theory, and shows its lack of attention to solidarity. It (a) charts the bifurcation of the multiculturalism literature into two branches: one concerned with the justice of temporary group rights as compensation for historic racial injustice and another focused on permanent group rights for cultural minorities as enduring terms of fair coexistence; (b) analyzes the consequences of this split; and (c) argues that the two branches need to be reintegrated. Drawing on examples from Latin America—where indigenous peoples suffer from racial discrimination and racialized groups make claims relating to language, culture, and territory—it shows that the artificial theoretical division between race and culture in theories of multiculturalism can be misleading, and suggests that as a result of this bifurcation neither strand has sufficiently considered the potential effects of minority group rights on political solidarity.
Juliet Hooker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195335361
- eISBN:
- 9780199868995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335361.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter argues that taking racialized solidarity into account in theories of multiculturalism requires that existing normative justifications of minority group rights be reframed in order to ...
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This chapter argues that taking racialized solidarity into account in theories of multiculturalism requires that existing normative justifications of minority group rights be reframed in order to make whiteness visible. This entails focusing arguments for such rights on the need to reverse past and continuing disadvantages suffered by subordinated groups as a result of either cultural difference and/or racial hierarchy, thereby reintegrating the two branches of the multiculturalism literature. This would bring questions of collective injustice to the forefront of debates about minority group rights, which are one of the few instances where the content of the political community's public memory is challenged and the differences between the ethical-political perspectives of dominant and subordinated groups are confronted. Through such processes of contestation the ethical-political perspectives of dominant groups might be transformed, thereby leading to the development of greater political will to achieve racial justice.Less
This chapter argues that taking racialized solidarity into account in theories of multiculturalism requires that existing normative justifications of minority group rights be reframed in order to make whiteness visible. This entails focusing arguments for such rights on the need to reverse past and continuing disadvantages suffered by subordinated groups as a result of either cultural difference and/or racial hierarchy, thereby reintegrating the two branches of the multiculturalism literature. This would bring questions of collective injustice to the forefront of debates about minority group rights, which are one of the few instances where the content of the political community's public memory is challenged and the differences between the ethical-political perspectives of dominant and subordinated groups are confronted. Through such processes of contestation the ethical-political perspectives of dominant groups might be transformed, thereby leading to the development of greater political will to achieve racial justice.
Juliet Hooker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195335361
- eISBN:
- 9780199868995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335361.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The central aims of the book—to show that racialized solidarity poses a significant obstacle to racial justice, and to consider how theories of multiculturalism might incorporate the promotion of ...
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The central aims of the book—to show that racialized solidarity poses a significant obstacle to racial justice, and to consider how theories of multiculturalism might incorporate the promotion of political solidarity (both between disadvantaged groups, and between subordinated groups and dominant groups) into their conceptual apparatus—are discussed. The principal contributions of the book are noted, including (a) developing the concept of racialized solidarity, (b) bringing together African American political philosophy, theories of multiculturalism, and the literature on solidarity in political theory in order to develop a distinctive approach to the problem of racial justice, and (c) bringing Latin American experiences with multiculturalism to the forefront of debates about minority group rights in political theory.Less
The central aims of the book—to show that racialized solidarity poses a significant obstacle to racial justice, and to consider how theories of multiculturalism might incorporate the promotion of political solidarity (both between disadvantaged groups, and between subordinated groups and dominant groups) into their conceptual apparatus—are discussed. The principal contributions of the book are noted, including (a) developing the concept of racialized solidarity, (b) bringing together African American political philosophy, theories of multiculturalism, and the literature on solidarity in political theory in order to develop a distinctive approach to the problem of racial justice, and (c) bringing Latin American experiences with multiculturalism to the forefront of debates about minority group rights in political theory.
Thomas Blom Hansen
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691152950
- eISBN:
- 9781400842612
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691152950.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This introductory chapter looks at how every South African had to learn to live according to a complex cultural economy that was structured by several forms of (imputed) gaze. This is because life ...
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This introductory chapter looks at how every South African had to learn to live according to a complex cultural economy that was structured by several forms of (imputed) gaze. This is because life during apartheid became so rigidly divided along race lines, and yet remained intimate and close in workplaces and homes. Racialized identities and anxieties were played out at every level of social and intimate life. The result was a set of complex, performative anxieties that are by no means unique to South Africa but became more developed there than in most other societies. The chapter suggests that the legacy of colonial and apartheid regulation and cultural policy has made the embodied imagination of a range of imputed gazes extraordinarily compelling and complex in everyday life.Less
This introductory chapter looks at how every South African had to learn to live according to a complex cultural economy that was structured by several forms of (imputed) gaze. This is because life during apartheid became so rigidly divided along race lines, and yet remained intimate and close in workplaces and homes. Racialized identities and anxieties were played out at every level of social and intimate life. The result was a set of complex, performative anxieties that are by no means unique to South Africa but became more developed there than in most other societies. The chapter suggests that the legacy of colonial and apartheid regulation and cultural policy has made the embodied imagination of a range of imputed gazes extraordinarily compelling and complex in everyday life.
George Yancey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199735433
- eISBN:
- 9780199866267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199735433.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter explores the attitudes of minority students of color who attend Protestant campuses. A significant percentage of such students have racial attitudes like those of majority group ...
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This chapter explores the attitudes of minority students of color who attend Protestant campuses. A significant percentage of such students have racial attitudes like those of majority group students. However, minority students who have not adopted such attitudes struggle with the racial atmosphere on Protestant campuses. I term the first group “assimilated” and the second group “racialized” racial minorities. Both assimilated and racialized students of color lack faith in the general diversity programs but for different reasons. Assimilated students of color find such programs ineffective because they may offend majority group students; racialized students of color perceive the unwillingness of majority group students to acknowledge continuing racial problems as the reason such programs fail. Like majority group students, students of color are also more likely to perceive professors of color and diversity courses to be more helpful than general diversity programs; however; they did not tie this perception to personally liking a particular professor. Students of color also valued student-led multicultural organizations but only if they perceived these organizations as uniting, instead of dividing, students of different races.Less
This chapter explores the attitudes of minority students of color who attend Protestant campuses. A significant percentage of such students have racial attitudes like those of majority group students. However, minority students who have not adopted such attitudes struggle with the racial atmosphere on Protestant campuses. I term the first group “assimilated” and the second group “racialized” racial minorities. Both assimilated and racialized students of color lack faith in the general diversity programs but for different reasons. Assimilated students of color find such programs ineffective because they may offend majority group students; racialized students of color perceive the unwillingness of majority group students to acknowledge continuing racial problems as the reason such programs fail. Like majority group students, students of color are also more likely to perceive professors of color and diversity courses to be more helpful than general diversity programs; however; they did not tie this perception to personally liking a particular professor. Students of color also valued student-led multicultural organizations but only if they perceived these organizations as uniting, instead of dividing, students of different races.
Karolyn Tyson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199736447
- eISBN:
- 9780199943951
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736447.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
The topic of acting white has received a great deal of scholarly attention, but the process by which the link between race and academic achievement has developed among contemporary black youth ...
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The topic of acting white has received a great deal of scholarly attention, but the process by which the link between race and academic achievement has developed among contemporary black youth remains very much under-examined. This chapter provides a theoretical outline of the formation of this association. It argues that students' tendency to link achievement with whiteness emerged after desegregation and is a consequence of racialized tracking. The dominant perspective regarding black students' attitudes toward school and achievement frames the issue as largely about culture and values: black youth learn to disparage school learning and academic success because they grow up in communities where a cultural orientation in opposition to mainstream (white) culture is widespread. This chapter examines the strengths and weaknesses of this popular idea. In explaining the limitations of the cultural explanation, it shows the advantages of focusing on students' in-school experiences as the most important source of their actions and ideas regarding academic achievement.Less
The topic of acting white has received a great deal of scholarly attention, but the process by which the link between race and academic achievement has developed among contemporary black youth remains very much under-examined. This chapter provides a theoretical outline of the formation of this association. It argues that students' tendency to link achievement with whiteness emerged after desegregation and is a consequence of racialized tracking. The dominant perspective regarding black students' attitudes toward school and achievement frames the issue as largely about culture and values: black youth learn to disparage school learning and academic success because they grow up in communities where a cultural orientation in opposition to mainstream (white) culture is widespread. This chapter examines the strengths and weaknesses of this popular idea. In explaining the limitations of the cultural explanation, it shows the advantages of focusing on students' in-school experiences as the most important source of their actions and ideas regarding academic achievement.
Karolyn Tyson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199736447
- eISBN:
- 9780199943951
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736447.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
This chapter examines the way in which racialized tracking creates racial distinctions among students that lead to the interpretation of academic achievement as acting white. It begins with a short ...
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This chapter examines the way in which racialized tracking creates racial distinctions among students that lead to the interpretation of academic achievement as acting white. It begins with a short discussion of two topics: the meaning and use of the broad concept of acting white among African Americans; and the issue of racial disparities in elementary school gifted programs and race talk among pre-adolescents. The chapter then looks at the experiences of high-achieving black adolescents at nineteen public high schools in North Carolina. Finally, it investigates why some high-achieving black youth are targeted with the acting white slur while many others, including peers at the same school, are not.Less
This chapter examines the way in which racialized tracking creates racial distinctions among students that lead to the interpretation of academic achievement as acting white. It begins with a short discussion of two topics: the meaning and use of the broad concept of acting white among African Americans; and the issue of racial disparities in elementary school gifted programs and race talk among pre-adolescents. The chapter then looks at the experiences of high-achieving black adolescents at nineteen public high schools in North Carolina. Finally, it investigates why some high-achieving black youth are targeted with the acting white slur while many others, including peers at the same school, are not.
Karolyn Tyson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199736447
- eISBN:
- 9780199943951
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736447.003.0023
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
This chapter examines how and why segregation remains in high school classrooms even as students in the post-Brown era are able to select their own program of study. It describes the placement ...
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This chapter examines how and why segregation remains in high school classrooms even as students in the post-Brown era are able to select their own program of study. It describes the placement processes of six North Carolina high schools and recounts how a racially mixed group of sixty-one students attending those schools went about choosing their courses. The analysis shows how students make sense of the messages about race and academic achievement that are communicated through institutional practices such as racialized tracking and gifted identification and placement. The chapter also assesses the consequences of this meaning-making for students' developing sense of self, their friendship networks, and their school-based decisions. The findings reveal how schools' early sorting of students helps steer them toward particular programs of study, which also helps shape their friendship networks. Students, in turn, base their course decisions on a combination of subjective criteria: their interpretation of the meaning of their prior placement and achievement experiences, and their understanding of where they fit within both the intellectual pecking order and the social networks of their school.Less
This chapter examines how and why segregation remains in high school classrooms even as students in the post-Brown era are able to select their own program of study. It describes the placement processes of six North Carolina high schools and recounts how a racially mixed group of sixty-one students attending those schools went about choosing their courses. The analysis shows how students make sense of the messages about race and academic achievement that are communicated through institutional practices such as racialized tracking and gifted identification and placement. The chapter also assesses the consequences of this meaning-making for students' developing sense of self, their friendship networks, and their school-based decisions. The findings reveal how schools' early sorting of students helps steer them toward particular programs of study, which also helps shape their friendship networks. Students, in turn, base their course decisions on a combination of subjective criteria: their interpretation of the meaning of their prior placement and achievement experiences, and their understanding of where they fit within both the intellectual pecking order and the social networks of their school.
Karolyn Tyson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199736447
- eISBN:
- 9780199943951
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736447.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
The Supreme Court's decision in the 1954 case Brown v. Board of Education was supposed to eliminate school segregation. Brown promised more than desegregation; the decision also promised integration. ...
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The Supreme Court's decision in the 1954 case Brown v. Board of Education was supposed to eliminate school segregation. Brown promised more than desegregation; the decision also promised integration. More than five decades after the decision, however, black students and white students throughout much of the United States still experience separate and unequal schooling. Black-white racial segregation in public schools produced through tracking (and through gifted and magnet programs) remains a problem. Americans simply assume that academic placements reflect students' ability and their (and their parents') choices and attitudes toward school. Linking achievement with whiteness is one consequence of racialized tracking, but there are others that also shape academic achievement and interracial relations. This book takes a look at how institutional practices such as tracking affect black and other students' schooling experiences. Drawing on the narratives and school experiences of some of the more than 200 students studied in twenty-eight schools, it shows how racialized tracking and the messages it conveys affect students' daily life at school, their academic self-perceptions, school-based decisions and actions, and their relationships with peers.Less
The Supreme Court's decision in the 1954 case Brown v. Board of Education was supposed to eliminate school segregation. Brown promised more than desegregation; the decision also promised integration. More than five decades after the decision, however, black students and white students throughout much of the United States still experience separate and unequal schooling. Black-white racial segregation in public schools produced through tracking (and through gifted and magnet programs) remains a problem. Americans simply assume that academic placements reflect students' ability and their (and their parents') choices and attitudes toward school. Linking achievement with whiteness is one consequence of racialized tracking, but there are others that also shape academic achievement and interracial relations. This book takes a look at how institutional practices such as tracking affect black and other students' schooling experiences. Drawing on the narratives and school experiences of some of the more than 200 students studied in twenty-eight schools, it shows how racialized tracking and the messages it conveys affect students' daily life at school, their academic self-perceptions, school-based decisions and actions, and their relationships with peers.
Karolyn Tyson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199736447
- eISBN:
- 9780199943951
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736447.003.0028
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
This concluding chapter summarizes the book's findings and considers what the lack of true integration in American schools means for today's youth. Reflecting on the hardships created by classroom ...
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This concluding chapter summarizes the book's findings and considers what the lack of true integration in American schools means for today's youth. Reflecting on the hardships created by classroom racial isolation, the chapter offers suggestions for ways that schools might address the most damaging aspects of racialized tracking and reduce, rather than reinforce, the conditions that encourage students' casting academic achievement as acting white. Lastly, it suggests new directions for future research on the topic of acting white and academic achievement. In addressing these core issues, the chapter looks at the relationship between race and achievement in American schools.Less
This concluding chapter summarizes the book's findings and considers what the lack of true integration in American schools means for today's youth. Reflecting on the hardships created by classroom racial isolation, the chapter offers suggestions for ways that schools might address the most damaging aspects of racialized tracking and reduce, rather than reinforce, the conditions that encourage students' casting academic achievement as acting white. Lastly, it suggests new directions for future research on the topic of acting white and academic achievement. In addressing these core issues, the chapter looks at the relationship between race and achievement in American schools.
Karen W. Tice
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199842780
- eISBN:
- 9780199933440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199842780.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter explores the contemporary world of campus pageantry across diverse university contexts and examines the discourses of primarily white contestants and organizers as they attempt to ...
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This chapter explores the contemporary world of campus pageantry across diverse university contexts and examines the discourses of primarily white contestants and organizers as they attempt to accommodate and negotiate celebrity, corporeality, and the cerebral. Topics include the staging of pageants, the campus activities of various queens, the legitimations participants give for participating in pageants, and their arguments for why they see pageants as more than a vacuous world of sprays, gels, and silicone artifice. Today’s contestants often rely on post-feminist and “girl-power” discourses of choice and personal empowerment as well as neo-liberal discourses of self-enterprise to assert the academic relevance of beauty competition. This chapter also highlights a recent protracted struggle between feminists and post-feminists about a multi-university beauty pageant covered extensively in the mainstream media. The recent surge of male pageants showcasing racialized masculinities in a venue originally created for the display of women’s bodies is also profiled.Less
This chapter explores the contemporary world of campus pageantry across diverse university contexts and examines the discourses of primarily white contestants and organizers as they attempt to accommodate and negotiate celebrity, corporeality, and the cerebral. Topics include the staging of pageants, the campus activities of various queens, the legitimations participants give for participating in pageants, and their arguments for why they see pageants as more than a vacuous world of sprays, gels, and silicone artifice. Today’s contestants often rely on post-feminist and “girl-power” discourses of choice and personal empowerment as well as neo-liberal discourses of self-enterprise to assert the academic relevance of beauty competition. This chapter also highlights a recent protracted struggle between feminists and post-feminists about a multi-university beauty pageant covered extensively in the mainstream media. The recent surge of male pageants showcasing racialized masculinities in a venue originally created for the display of women’s bodies is also profiled.
Mérida M. Rúa
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199760268
- eISBN:
- 9780199950256
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199760268.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter investigates different dimensions of the “Chicago experiment,” the employment campaign intended to bring low-wage Puerto Rican maids to the city and also to serve as a form of birth ...
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This chapter investigates different dimensions of the “Chicago experiment,” the employment campaign intended to bring low-wage Puerto Rican maids to the city and also to serve as a form of birth control to reduce the population growth of the island. In doing so, it reveals not only the competing interests of the Puerto Rican government and the US government in regulating women’s bodies and the role of women in altering those schemes, but also the intellectual rivalries of scholars and institutions in producing gendered and racialized knowledge about migration and modernization.Less
This chapter investigates different dimensions of the “Chicago experiment,” the employment campaign intended to bring low-wage Puerto Rican maids to the city and also to serve as a form of birth control to reduce the population growth of the island. In doing so, it reveals not only the competing interests of the Puerto Rican government and the US government in regulating women’s bodies and the role of women in altering those schemes, but also the intellectual rivalries of scholars and institutions in producing gendered and racialized knowledge about migration and modernization.
Christine Kim
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040139
- eISBN:
- 9780252098338
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040139.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
An attempt to put an Asian woman on Canada's $100 bill in 2012 unleashed enormous controversy. The racism and xenophobia that answered this symbolic move toward inclusiveness revealed the nation's ...
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An attempt to put an Asian woman on Canada's $100 bill in 2012 unleashed enormous controversy. The racism and xenophobia that answered this symbolic move toward inclusiveness revealed the nation's trumpeted commitment to multiculturalism as a lie. It also showed how multiple minor publics as well as the dominant public responded to the ongoing issue of race in Canada. This book delves into the ways cultural conversations minimize race's relevance even as violent expressions and structural forms of racism continue to occur. The book turns to literary texts, artistic works, and media debates to highlight the struggles of minor publics with social intimacy. Its insightful engagement with everyday conversations as well as artistic expressions that invoke the figure of the Asian enables the book to reveal the affective dimensions of racialized publics. It also extends ongoing critical conversations within Asian Canadian and Asian American studies about Orientalism, diasporic memory, racialized citizenship, and migration and human rights.Less
An attempt to put an Asian woman on Canada's $100 bill in 2012 unleashed enormous controversy. The racism and xenophobia that answered this symbolic move toward inclusiveness revealed the nation's trumpeted commitment to multiculturalism as a lie. It also showed how multiple minor publics as well as the dominant public responded to the ongoing issue of race in Canada. This book delves into the ways cultural conversations minimize race's relevance even as violent expressions and structural forms of racism continue to occur. The book turns to literary texts, artistic works, and media debates to highlight the struggles of minor publics with social intimacy. Its insightful engagement with everyday conversations as well as artistic expressions that invoke the figure of the Asian enables the book to reveal the affective dimensions of racialized publics. It also extends ongoing critical conversations within Asian Canadian and Asian American studies about Orientalism, diasporic memory, racialized citizenship, and migration and human rights.
Irene Tucker
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226922935
- eISBN:
- 9780226922959
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226922959.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This book overturns the most familiar form of racial analysis in contemporary culture: the idea that race is constructed, that it operates by attaching visible marks of difference to arbitrary ...
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This book overturns the most familiar form of racial analysis in contemporary culture: the idea that race is constructed, that it operates by attaching visible marks of difference to arbitrary meanings and associations. Searching for the history of the constructed racial sign, this book argues that if people instantly perceive racial differences despite knowing better, then the underlying function of race is to produce this immediate knowledge. Racial perception, then, is not just a mark of acculturation, but a part of how people know one another. The book begins the investigation in the Enlightenment, at the moment when skin first came to be used as the primary mark of racial difference. Through Kant and his writing on the relation of philosophy and medicine, it describes how racialized skin was created as a mechanism to enable us to perceive the likeness of individuals in a moment. From there, the book tells the story of instantaneous racial seeing across centuries—from the fictive bodies described but not seen in Wilkie Collins’s realism to the medium of common public opinion in John Stuart Mill, from the invention of the notion of a constructed racial sign in Darwin’s late work to the institutionalizing of racial sight on display in the HBO series The Wire.Less
This book overturns the most familiar form of racial analysis in contemporary culture: the idea that race is constructed, that it operates by attaching visible marks of difference to arbitrary meanings and associations. Searching for the history of the constructed racial sign, this book argues that if people instantly perceive racial differences despite knowing better, then the underlying function of race is to produce this immediate knowledge. Racial perception, then, is not just a mark of acculturation, but a part of how people know one another. The book begins the investigation in the Enlightenment, at the moment when skin first came to be used as the primary mark of racial difference. Through Kant and his writing on the relation of philosophy and medicine, it describes how racialized skin was created as a mechanism to enable us to perceive the likeness of individuals in a moment. From there, the book tells the story of instantaneous racial seeing across centuries—from the fictive bodies described but not seen in Wilkie Collins’s realism to the medium of common public opinion in John Stuart Mill, from the invention of the notion of a constructed racial sign in Darwin’s late work to the institutionalizing of racial sight on display in the HBO series The Wire.
Rebecca M. Bodenheimer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781628462395
- eISBN:
- 9781626746886
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628462395.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
Derived from the nationalist writings of José Martí, the concept of Cubanidad (Cubanness) has always imagined a unified hybrid nation where racial difference is nonexistent and nationality trumps all ...
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Derived from the nationalist writings of José Martí, the concept of Cubanidad (Cubanness) has always imagined a unified hybrid nation where racial difference is nonexistent and nationality trumps all other axes of identity. Scholars have critiqued this celebration of racial mixture, highlighting a gap between the claim of racial harmony and the realities of inequality faced by Afro-Cubans since Independence in 1898. This book argues that it is not only the recognition of racial difference that threatens to divide the nation, but that popular regional sentiment further contests the hegemonic nationalist discourse. Given that music is a prominent symbol of Cubanidad, musical practices play an important role in constructing regional and local, as well as national, identities, and the book thus suggests that regional identity exerts a significant influence on the aesthetic choices Cuban musicians make. Through the examination of several genres, the book explores the various ways that race and the politics of place are entangled in contemporary Cuban music-making. It argues that racialized discourses that circulate about different cities affect both the formation of local identity and musical performance. Thus, the musical practices discussed—including rumba, timba, eastern Cuban folklore, and son—are examples of the intersections between regional identity formation, racialized notions of place, and music-making.Less
Derived from the nationalist writings of José Martí, the concept of Cubanidad (Cubanness) has always imagined a unified hybrid nation where racial difference is nonexistent and nationality trumps all other axes of identity. Scholars have critiqued this celebration of racial mixture, highlighting a gap between the claim of racial harmony and the realities of inequality faced by Afro-Cubans since Independence in 1898. This book argues that it is not only the recognition of racial difference that threatens to divide the nation, but that popular regional sentiment further contests the hegemonic nationalist discourse. Given that music is a prominent symbol of Cubanidad, musical practices play an important role in constructing regional and local, as well as national, identities, and the book thus suggests that regional identity exerts a significant influence on the aesthetic choices Cuban musicians make. Through the examination of several genres, the book explores the various ways that race and the politics of place are entangled in contemporary Cuban music-making. It argues that racialized discourses that circulate about different cities affect both the formation of local identity and musical performance. Thus, the musical practices discussed—including rumba, timba, eastern Cuban folklore, and son—are examples of the intersections between regional identity formation, racialized notions of place, and music-making.
