Korie L. Edwards
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195314243
- eISBN:
- 9780199871810
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314243.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This book looks at how churches attempt to realize Dr. King's dream of racial integration. Recognizing that race is central to the organization of American life, the book situates race theory at the ...
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This book looks at how churches attempt to realize Dr. King's dream of racial integration. Recognizing that race is central to the organization of American life, the book situates race theory at the heart of understanding the cultural and social dynamics of racially integrated congregations and how they attract and retain members. The book, focusing on black–white interracial churches, argues that for these organizations to sustain a racially diverse congregation they must primarily appeal to whites. African‐Americans will need to affirm whites' religious and cultural predilections to retain white membership and bear the brunt of the sacrifices required to make racial integration work. In the end, interracial churches end up reproducing the racial structures they purport to oppose. The compelling stories that unfold in this book expose the tenuous nature of interracial churches and the barriers they need to overcome to realize the dream.Less
This book looks at how churches attempt to realize Dr. King's dream of racial integration. Recognizing that race is central to the organization of American life, the book situates race theory at the heart of understanding the cultural and social dynamics of racially integrated congregations and how they attract and retain members. The book, focusing on black–white interracial churches, argues that for these organizations to sustain a racially diverse congregation they must primarily appeal to whites. African‐Americans will need to affirm whites' religious and cultural predilections to retain white membership and bear the brunt of the sacrifices required to make racial integration work. In the end, interracial churches end up reproducing the racial structures they purport to oppose. The compelling stories that unfold in this book expose the tenuous nature of interracial churches and the barriers they need to overcome to realize the dream.
Korie L. Edwards
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195314243
- eISBN:
- 9780199871810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314243.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The concluding chapter ends the book with a discussion on the implications of the book's findings for developing racially integrated religious organizations that truly epitomize Dr. Martin Luther ...
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The concluding chapter ends the book with a discussion on the implications of the book's findings for developing racially integrated religious organizations that truly epitomize Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s dream for a cooperative, egalitarian, multiracial religious community.Less
The concluding chapter ends the book with a discussion on the implications of the book's findings for developing racially integrated religious organizations that truly epitomize Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s dream for a cooperative, egalitarian, multiracial religious community.
Korie L. Edwards
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195314243
- eISBN:
- 9780199871810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314243.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The introductory chapter reviews the basic thesis of the book: whiteness (which includes the normativity of white culture, white privilege, and white structural dominance) governs how interracial ...
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The introductory chapter reviews the basic thesis of the book: whiteness (which includes the normativity of white culture, white privilege, and white structural dominance) governs how interracial churches work. Therefore, interracial churches work to the extent that they are first comfortable places for whites to attend. The chapter explains what is meant by whiteness and why whiteness matters. An historical overview of religious race relations in the United States is also provided. And the methods employed for this study are briefly reviewed.Less
The introductory chapter reviews the basic thesis of the book: whiteness (which includes the normativity of white culture, white privilege, and white structural dominance) governs how interracial churches work. Therefore, interracial churches work to the extent that they are first comfortable places for whites to attend. The chapter explains what is meant by whiteness and why whiteness matters. An historical overview of religious race relations in the United States is also provided. And the methods employed for this study are briefly reviewed.
Desmond S. King and Rogers M. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691142630
- eISBN:
- 9781400839766
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691142630.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter considers what makes racial equality in the American housing system such a divisive issue. Because housing choices profoundly affect people's personal lives and yet also have enormous ...
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This chapter considers what makes racial equality in the American housing system such a divisive issue. Because housing choices profoundly affect people's personal lives and yet also have enormous public consequences for the structure of the nation as a whole, there arose concerns to make sure that America's housing systems are not systems of racial inequality. But the fact that housing is so central to Americans' personal lives is also a major reason why they have long been more resistant to efforts to end de facto segregation in this area than in any other, except the related one of public schools. Here they remain profoundly divided even on the desirability of strong enforcement of anti-discrimination policies aimed at making residential racial integration not only an attractive ideal but an everyday reality.Less
This chapter considers what makes racial equality in the American housing system such a divisive issue. Because housing choices profoundly affect people's personal lives and yet also have enormous public consequences for the structure of the nation as a whole, there arose concerns to make sure that America's housing systems are not systems of racial inequality. But the fact that housing is so central to Americans' personal lives is also a major reason why they have long been more resistant to efforts to end de facto segregation in this area than in any other, except the related one of public schools. Here they remain profoundly divided even on the desirability of strong enforcement of anti-discrimination policies aimed at making residential racial integration not only an attractive ideal but an everyday reality.
Jill Quadagno
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195160390
- eISBN:
- 9780199944026
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195160390.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter explains how the radical politics of the South were enacted within the health care system. It shows how the performance of Medicare gave federal officials the resources to enforce racial ...
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This chapter explains how the radical politics of the South were enacted within the health care system. It shows how the performance of Medicare gave federal officials the resources to enforce racial integration on southern hospitals. The chapter notes that racial discrimination was widespread in the health care system, and that the legal basis for racial segregation was derived from the Plessy v. Ferguson case. It introduces the Hill-Burton, which was aimed at rural and poor communities that did not have access to health care, discusses the civil rights challenge, and also shows how Medicare was implemented.Less
This chapter explains how the radical politics of the South were enacted within the health care system. It shows how the performance of Medicare gave federal officials the resources to enforce racial integration on southern hospitals. The chapter notes that racial discrimination was widespread in the health care system, and that the legal basis for racial segregation was derived from the Plessy v. Ferguson case. It introduces the Hill-Burton, which was aimed at rural and poor communities that did not have access to health care, discusses the civil rights challenge, and also shows how Medicare was implemented.
D. R. M. Irving
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195378269
- eISBN:
- 9780199864614
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195378269.003.0009
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter provides an overview of festivities (fiestas) in early modern Manila, arguing that musical practice provided a focal point of interface between differing cultures, races, and religions. ...
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This chapter provides an overview of festivities (fiestas) in early modern Manila, arguing that musical practice provided a focal point of interface between differing cultures, races, and religions. It explores the ways in which different communities in Manila expressed collective identities through music, and contends that although some degree of temporary social liberation was embodied in these performances, fiestas essentially reinforced rigid hierarchies of class and race within colonial society. The chapter surveys musical performances in festivities for royal occasions, celebrations honoring the entries of important personages to the city (including a Sultan of Sulu, 'Azīm ud‐Dīn I), observances of beatifications and canonizations, and seasonal and votive festivities. Finally, it considers the question of whether fiestas in early modern Manila promoted racial integration or racial segregation.Less
This chapter provides an overview of festivities (fiestas) in early modern Manila, arguing that musical practice provided a focal point of interface between differing cultures, races, and religions. It explores the ways in which different communities in Manila expressed collective identities through music, and contends that although some degree of temporary social liberation was embodied in these performances, fiestas essentially reinforced rigid hierarchies of class and race within colonial society. The chapter surveys musical performances in festivities for royal occasions, celebrations honoring the entries of important personages to the city (including a Sultan of Sulu, 'Azīm ud‐Dīn I), observances of beatifications and canonizations, and seasonal and votive festivities. Finally, it considers the question of whether fiestas in early modern Manila promoted racial integration or racial segregation.
Roy L. Brooks
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300223309
- eISBN:
- 9780300227611
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300223309.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter focuses on the socio-legal race problem; namely juridical subordination. The Supreme Court engages in this form of racial subordination when its rulings freeze or impede racial progress ...
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This chapter focuses on the socio-legal race problem; namely juridical subordination. The Supreme Court engages in this form of racial subordination when its rulings freeze or impede racial progress for the sake of pursuing a nonracist, competing interest. Juridical subordination most often occurs today in the name of racial progress; in other words, when the Court’s vindication of a black equality norm (such as racial omission or racial integration) in reality inhibits black advancement. Since the end of Jim Crow, the black equality interest has been defined in ways that compete not only with the civil-rights-era norms but with other legitimate norms. Focusing on cases involving antidiscrimination law and racial preference (or affirmative action) law, this chapter illustrates how the Court can avoid juridical subordination in its civil rights cases.Less
This chapter focuses on the socio-legal race problem; namely juridical subordination. The Supreme Court engages in this form of racial subordination when its rulings freeze or impede racial progress for the sake of pursuing a nonracist, competing interest. Juridical subordination most often occurs today in the name of racial progress; in other words, when the Court’s vindication of a black equality norm (such as racial omission or racial integration) in reality inhibits black advancement. Since the end of Jim Crow, the black equality interest has been defined in ways that compete not only with the civil-rights-era norms but with other legitimate norms. Focusing on cases involving antidiscrimination law and racial preference (or affirmative action) law, this chapter illustrates how the Court can avoid juridical subordination in its civil rights cases.
Richard D. Kahlenberg
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195327892
- eISBN:
- 9780199301478
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327892.003.0014
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Child Psychology / School Psychology
In recent years, a growing number of school districts have tried to shape the social setting of the school by implementing student assignment policies to reduce concentrations of school poverty. This ...
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In recent years, a growing number of school districts have tried to shape the social setting of the school by implementing student assignment policies to reduce concentrations of school poverty. This chapter describes the research underlying socioeconomic school integration programs, including the finding that integration by socioeconomic status matters more to student achievement than does racial integration. It offers a theory of how to create economic integration in schools through choice and incentives rather than compulsion; articulates the ingredients of successful socioeconomic integration plans; describes how to measure the degree of economic school integration and its success or failure; outlines exemplars of efforts to create economic school integration; and considers the current status of the literature and promising future directions.Less
In recent years, a growing number of school districts have tried to shape the social setting of the school by implementing student assignment policies to reduce concentrations of school poverty. This chapter describes the research underlying socioeconomic school integration programs, including the finding that integration by socioeconomic status matters more to student achievement than does racial integration. It offers a theory of how to create economic integration in schools through choice and incentives rather than compulsion; articulates the ingredients of successful socioeconomic integration plans; describes how to measure the degree of economic school integration and its success or failure; outlines exemplars of efforts to create economic school integration; and considers the current status of the literature and promising future directions.
J. Oliver
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226626628
- eISBN:
- 9780226626642
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226626642.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The United States is rapidly changing from a country monochromatically divided between black and white into a multiethnic society. This book helps us to understand America's racial future by ...
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The United States is rapidly changing from a country monochromatically divided between black and white into a multiethnic society. This book helps us to understand America's racial future by revealing the complex relationships among racial integration, racial attitudes, and neighborhood life, demonstrating that the effects of integration differ tremendously, depending on which geographical level one is examining. Living among people of other races in a larger metropolitan area corresponds with greater racial intolerance, particularly for America's white majority, but when whites, blacks, Latinos, and Asian Americans actually live in integrated neighborhoods, they feel less racial resentment. Paradoxically, this racial tolerance is usually also accompanied by feeling less connected to their community; it is no longer “theirs.” Basing its findings on our most advanced means of gauging the impact of social environments on racial attitudes, this book explores the benefits and the at times, heavily borne, costs of integration.Less
The United States is rapidly changing from a country monochromatically divided between black and white into a multiethnic society. This book helps us to understand America's racial future by revealing the complex relationships among racial integration, racial attitudes, and neighborhood life, demonstrating that the effects of integration differ tremendously, depending on which geographical level one is examining. Living among people of other races in a larger metropolitan area corresponds with greater racial intolerance, particularly for America's white majority, but when whites, blacks, Latinos, and Asian Americans actually live in integrated neighborhoods, they feel less racial resentment. Paradoxically, this racial tolerance is usually also accompanied by feeling less connected to their community; it is no longer “theirs.” Basing its findings on our most advanced means of gauging the impact of social environments on racial attitudes, this book explores the benefits and the at times, heavily borne, costs of integration.
Anders Walker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195181746
- eISBN:
- 9780199870660
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181746.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This introductory chapter focuses on Florida Governor LeRoy Collins, North Carolina Governor Luther Hodges, and Mississippi Governor James Plemon (J. P.) Coleman and their resistance to racial ...
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This introductory chapter focuses on Florida Governor LeRoy Collins, North Carolina Governor Luther Hodges, and Mississippi Governor James Plemon (J. P.) Coleman and their resistance to racial integration. The perspective of moderates such as Collins, Coleman, and Hodges casts new light not only on white resistance to integration but also on the challenges faced by the civil rights movement generally. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.Less
This introductory chapter focuses on Florida Governor LeRoy Collins, North Carolina Governor Luther Hodges, and Mississippi Governor James Plemon (J. P.) Coleman and their resistance to racial integration. The perspective of moderates such as Collins, Coleman, and Hodges casts new light not only on white resistance to integration but also on the challenges faced by the civil rights movement generally. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
Neil J. Sullivan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195331837
- eISBN:
- 9780199851607
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331837.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines the role of the race factor in the renewed popularity of baseball in the U.S. in 1946. It suggests that the racial integration of baseball was not only an important step in ...
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This chapter examines the role of the race factor in the renewed popularity of baseball in the U.S. in 1946. It suggests that the racial integration of baseball was not only an important step in America's fitful pursuit of social justice, but also an important long-term stimulant for the popularity of the sport. The elimination of the color barrier increased the availability to great players to improve the quality of the major league game. Some of these African American players included Jackie Robinson, Monte Irvin and Willie Mays. During this year the New York Yankees had its first two-million fan season.Less
This chapter examines the role of the race factor in the renewed popularity of baseball in the U.S. in 1946. It suggests that the racial integration of baseball was not only an important step in America's fitful pursuit of social justice, but also an important long-term stimulant for the popularity of the sport. The elimination of the color barrier increased the availability to great players to improve the quality of the major league game. Some of these African American players included Jackie Robinson, Monte Irvin and Willie Mays. During this year the New York Yankees had its first two-million fan season.
Abigail Perkiss
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452284
- eISBN:
- 9780801470851
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452284.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter discusses the growing popularity of West Mount Airy among black persons. Through the West Mount Airy Neighbors Association's (WMAN) media campaign and coverage in both the mainstream and ...
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This chapter discusses the growing popularity of West Mount Airy among black persons. Through the West Mount Airy Neighbors Association's (WMAN) media campaign and coverage in both the mainstream and black press, wealthy and upwardly mobile black Philadelphians were becoming familiar and interested in settling in West Mount Airy. Black buyers saw in the neighborhood's residential racial integration the prospect of both the material conditions characteristically attached to economically stable white communities, as well as the opportunity to educate themselves and their children to a mainstream professional culture. Thus, in the first decades of integration, Mount Airy's black residents lived with a dual consciousness: a simultaneous commitment to civil rights progress, and a desire for the assurances of safety and security.Less
This chapter discusses the growing popularity of West Mount Airy among black persons. Through the West Mount Airy Neighbors Association's (WMAN) media campaign and coverage in both the mainstream and black press, wealthy and upwardly mobile black Philadelphians were becoming familiar and interested in settling in West Mount Airy. Black buyers saw in the neighborhood's residential racial integration the prospect of both the material conditions characteristically attached to economically stable white communities, as well as the opportunity to educate themselves and their children to a mainstream professional culture. Thus, in the first decades of integration, Mount Airy's black residents lived with a dual consciousness: a simultaneous commitment to civil rights progress, and a desire for the assurances of safety and security.
J. Samuel Walker
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807835036
- eISBN:
- 9781469602578
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807869123_walker.11
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines the exclusion of black players from ACC basketball teams before 1965, and how it reflected the customs and attitudes of ACC schools, where racial integration had occurred ...
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This chapter examines the exclusion of black players from ACC basketball teams before 1965, and how it reflected the customs and attitudes of ACC schools, where racial integration had occurred gradually and grudgingly, though peacefully. With the exception of a single applicant admitted to the University of Maryland under threat of a court order in 1951, no conference member accepted black students as undergraduates until after the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 ruling in Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, which struck down the “separate but equal” approach to education that was standard practice in the South and some parts of the North. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and NC State began to accept black undergraduates in small numbers in the mid-1950s; Duke, Wake Forest, Clemson, and South Carolina followed suit in the early 1960s.Less
This chapter examines the exclusion of black players from ACC basketball teams before 1965, and how it reflected the customs and attitudes of ACC schools, where racial integration had occurred gradually and grudgingly, though peacefully. With the exception of a single applicant admitted to the University of Maryland under threat of a court order in 1951, no conference member accepted black students as undergraduates until after the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 ruling in Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, which struck down the “separate but equal” approach to education that was standard practice in the South and some parts of the North. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and NC State began to accept black undergraduates in small numbers in the mid-1950s; Duke, Wake Forest, Clemson, and South Carolina followed suit in the early 1960s.
Jennifer Hochschild and Michael N. Danielson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300095418
- eISBN:
- 9780300129847
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300095418.003.0014
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter explains the demise of mandatory school desegregation and the quasi-mandatory desegregation of public housing. It presents a case study of white resistance to attempts at racial ...
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This chapter explains the demise of mandatory school desegregation and the quasi-mandatory desegregation of public housing. It presents a case study of white resistance to attempts at racial integration in Yonkers, New York to examine the role of the state in school and housing from 1950 to the present.Less
This chapter explains the demise of mandatory school desegregation and the quasi-mandatory desegregation of public housing. It presents a case study of white resistance to attempts at racial integration in Yonkers, New York to examine the role of the state in school and housing from 1950 to the present.
Anne M. Blankenship
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469629209
- eISBN:
- 9781469629223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469629209.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
As Japanese Christians left the camps, white church leaders instructed them to join established churches and prevented them from re-forming their prewar ethnic congregations. This final chapter ...
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As Japanese Christians left the camps, white church leaders instructed them to join established churches and prevented them from re-forming their prewar ethnic congregations. This final chapter analyzes attempts to mend the nation’s racial divisions by ending the segregation of white and Japanese Protestant worship. Efforts to drastically restructure the racial divisions within American Protestantism incited extensive debate about the role of racial minorities within the church. Like the decision to form ecumenical churches, leaders thought the long term benefits of fewer divisions in the church outweighed the temporary challenges to the subjects of their experiment. Most Japanese Americans formed ethnic fellowship groups or left the church rather than join predominantly white churches. The results of this experiment revealed the limited extent to which American Christians were interested in, capable of, and willing to reform definitions of race in order to unite the Christian church.Less
As Japanese Christians left the camps, white church leaders instructed them to join established churches and prevented them from re-forming their prewar ethnic congregations. This final chapter analyzes attempts to mend the nation’s racial divisions by ending the segregation of white and Japanese Protestant worship. Efforts to drastically restructure the racial divisions within American Protestantism incited extensive debate about the role of racial minorities within the church. Like the decision to form ecumenical churches, leaders thought the long term benefits of fewer divisions in the church outweighed the temporary challenges to the subjects of their experiment. Most Japanese Americans formed ethnic fellowship groups or left the church rather than join predominantly white churches. The results of this experiment revealed the limited extent to which American Christians were interested in, capable of, and willing to reform definitions of race in order to unite the Christian church.
Anders Walker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195181746
- eISBN:
- 9780199870660
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181746.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
In “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” Martin Luther King, Jr. asserted that “the Negro's great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen's Counciler or the Ku Klux Klanner, ...
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In “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” Martin Luther King, Jr. asserted that “the Negro's great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen's Counciler or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to “order” than to justice.” To date, our understanding of the Civil Rights era has been largely defined by high-profile public events such as the crisis at Little Rock high school, bus boycotts, and sit-ins-incidents that were met with massive resistance and brutality. The resistance of Southern moderates to racial integration was much less public and highly insidious, with far-reaching effects. This book draws long-overdue attention to the moderate tactics that stalled the progress of racial equality in the South. This book explores how three moderate Southern governors formulated masked resistance in the wake of Brown v. Board of Education. J. P. Coleman in Mississippi, Luther Hodges in North Carolina, and LeRoy Collins in Florida each developed workable, lasting strategies to neutralize black political activists and control white extremists. Believing it possible to reinterpret Brown on their own terms, these governors drew on creative legal solutions that allowed them to perpetuate segregation without overtly defying the federal government. Hodges, Collins, and Coleman instituted seemingly neutral criteria-academic, economic, and moral-in place of racial classifications, thereby laying the foundations for a new way of rationalizing racial inequality.Less
In “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” Martin Luther King, Jr. asserted that “the Negro's great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen's Counciler or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to “order” than to justice.” To date, our understanding of the Civil Rights era has been largely defined by high-profile public events such as the crisis at Little Rock high school, bus boycotts, and sit-ins-incidents that were met with massive resistance and brutality. The resistance of Southern moderates to racial integration was much less public and highly insidious, with far-reaching effects. This book draws long-overdue attention to the moderate tactics that stalled the progress of racial equality in the South. This book explores how three moderate Southern governors formulated masked resistance in the wake of Brown v. Board of Education. J. P. Coleman in Mississippi, Luther Hodges in North Carolina, and LeRoy Collins in Florida each developed workable, lasting strategies to neutralize black political activists and control white extremists. Believing it possible to reinterpret Brown on their own terms, these governors drew on creative legal solutions that allowed them to perpetuate segregation without overtly defying the federal government. Hodges, Collins, and Coleman instituted seemingly neutral criteria-academic, economic, and moral-in place of racial classifications, thereby laying the foundations for a new way of rationalizing racial inequality.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226360850
- eISBN:
- 9780226360874
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226360874.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Had they been approved by the Chicago City Council in the early 1950s, public housing projects on vacant land would have introduced African Americans into white areas and helped in small ways to ...
More
Had they been approved by the Chicago City Council in the early 1950s, public housing projects on vacant land would have introduced African Americans into white areas and helped in small ways to break up the ghetto. It does not follow, however, that such projects by themselves would have led to long-run residential integration. Given white antipathy to integration and black housing demand, sustaining mixed-race occupancy meant putting limits on African American admissions, a form of racial planning that conflicted with the civil rights agenda in the postwar period. In its first ten years, the Chicago Housing Authority's (CHA) approach to racial integration evolved considerably, from a cautious stance to a more outspoken liberalism. The CHA opened its relocation projects in white areas in the 1950s, although restrictive quotas imposed by the city council limited black rights. Residential integration, while still a tenuous idea, looked viable in Chicago's projects, but within a decade, it had died a painful death at the CHA, and the rights of African Americans remained unfulfilled.Less
Had they been approved by the Chicago City Council in the early 1950s, public housing projects on vacant land would have introduced African Americans into white areas and helped in small ways to break up the ghetto. It does not follow, however, that such projects by themselves would have led to long-run residential integration. Given white antipathy to integration and black housing demand, sustaining mixed-race occupancy meant putting limits on African American admissions, a form of racial planning that conflicted with the civil rights agenda in the postwar period. In its first ten years, the Chicago Housing Authority's (CHA) approach to racial integration evolved considerably, from a cautious stance to a more outspoken liberalism. The CHA opened its relocation projects in white areas in the 1950s, although restrictive quotas imposed by the city council limited black rights. Residential integration, while still a tenuous idea, looked viable in Chicago's projects, but within a decade, it had died a painful death at the CHA, and the rights of African Americans remained unfulfilled.
Sheneka Williams and Erica Frankenberg
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807835128
- eISBN:
- 9781469602585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807869208_frankenberg.16
- Subject:
- Education, History of Education
This chapter examine districts' use of “small-scale geography” to promote racial integration. Plans that use variations of geography and population characteristics are implemented in Wake County, ...
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This chapter examine districts' use of “small-scale geography” to promote racial integration. Plans that use variations of geography and population characteristics are implemented in Wake County, North Carolina, and Berkeley, California. This chapter examines how Wake County manages nodes in student assignment, and investigates how Berkeley utilizes more than 440 planning areas in its integration efforts.Less
This chapter examine districts' use of “small-scale geography” to promote racial integration. Plans that use variations of geography and population characteristics are implemented in Wake County, North Carolina, and Berkeley, California. This chapter examines how Wake County manages nodes in student assignment, and investigates how Berkeley utilizes more than 440 planning areas in its integration efforts.
M. Elise Marubbio
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813124148
- eISBN:
- 9780813134710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813124148.003.0003
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter discusses the Celluloid Princess during the 1950s. She is now depicted as a beautiful young maiden who embraces the white hero and symbolizes the best of Indian culture and the ...
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This chapter discusses the Celluloid Princess during the 1950s. She is now depicted as a beautiful young maiden who embraces the white hero and symbolizes the best of Indian culture and the possibility of assimilation into western European culture. Another similar character during this time is the Celluloid Indian Princess who aligns herself with a European American colonizer and dies for that choice. Unlike her earlier counterparts, the Celluloid Princess of the 1950s worked within the pro-Indian westerns as an index of liberalism, racial integration, and cultural pluralism.Less
This chapter discusses the Celluloid Princess during the 1950s. She is now depicted as a beautiful young maiden who embraces the white hero and symbolizes the best of Indian culture and the possibility of assimilation into western European culture. Another similar character during this time is the Celluloid Indian Princess who aligns herself with a European American colonizer and dies for that choice. Unlike her earlier counterparts, the Celluloid Princess of the 1950s worked within the pro-Indian westerns as an index of liberalism, racial integration, and cultural pluralism.
Rachael A. Woldoff
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449185
- eISBN:
- 9780801461033
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449185.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This book has explored the structural and cultural dynamics that occur in the aftermath of racial integration by focusing on the case of Parkmont. By following the neighborhood of Parkmont through ...
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This book has explored the structural and cultural dynamics that occur in the aftermath of racial integration by focusing on the case of Parkmont. By following the neighborhood of Parkmont through two distinct phases of change, it has demonstrated the complexities of race effects in the face of neighborhood transition. It has also shown that interracial cooperation and increased agency for both the black pioneers and white stayers are positive outcomes of Parkmont's changing racial composition. The book concludes by summarising its key findings and their implications for maintaining racially integrated neighborhoods and sustaining more viable, stable black communities. It also considers why and how neighborhoods that experience white flight work the way they do in the current era of white population loss in many U.S. cities. Finally, it discusses the reasons why these neighborhoods are vulnerable to black flight.Less
This book has explored the structural and cultural dynamics that occur in the aftermath of racial integration by focusing on the case of Parkmont. By following the neighborhood of Parkmont through two distinct phases of change, it has demonstrated the complexities of race effects in the face of neighborhood transition. It has also shown that interracial cooperation and increased agency for both the black pioneers and white stayers are positive outcomes of Parkmont's changing racial composition. The book concludes by summarising its key findings and their implications for maintaining racially integrated neighborhoods and sustaining more viable, stable black communities. It also considers why and how neighborhoods that experience white flight work the way they do in the current era of white population loss in many U.S. cities. Finally, it discusses the reasons why these neighborhoods are vulnerable to black flight.
