Keith Banting and Will Kymlicka
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199289172
- eISBN:
- 9780191711084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289172.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This introductory chapter provides an overview of two recent debates on the relationship between ethnic diversity, multiculturalism, and the welfare state. Some commentators argue that increasing ...
More
This introductory chapter provides an overview of two recent debates on the relationship between ethnic diversity, multiculturalism, and the welfare state. Some commentators argue that increasing levels of ethnic and racial heterogeneity make it difficult to sustain a welfare state (the ‘heterogeneity/redistribution trade-off’). This chapter reviews the evidence that has been emerged in previous research for both claims, which is shown to be inconclusive. There are many unanswered questions about the conditions under which the heterogeneity/redistribution and recognition/redistribution trade-offs may exist, about the causal mechanisms that underpin them, and about the possible strategies for reducing them. The subsequent chapters in this volume fill in some of these important gaps in our knowledge, drawing on cross-national statistical analyses, case studies, and theoretical reflections.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of two recent debates on the relationship between ethnic diversity, multiculturalism, and the welfare state. Some commentators argue that increasing levels of ethnic and racial heterogeneity make it difficult to sustain a welfare state (the ‘heterogeneity/redistribution trade-off’). This chapter reviews the evidence that has been emerged in previous research for both claims, which is shown to be inconclusive. There are many unanswered questions about the conditions under which the heterogeneity/redistribution and recognition/redistribution trade-offs may exist, about the causal mechanisms that underpin them, and about the possible strategies for reducing them. The subsequent chapters in this volume fill in some of these important gaps in our knowledge, drawing on cross-national statistical analyses, case studies, and theoretical reflections.
Korie L. Edwards
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195314243
- eISBN:
- 9780199871810
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314243.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This book looks at how churches attempt to realize Dr. King's dream of racial integration. Recognizing that race is central to the organization of American life, the book situates race theory at the ...
More
This book looks at how churches attempt to realize Dr. King's dream of racial integration. Recognizing that race is central to the organization of American life, the book situates race theory at the heart of understanding the cultural and social dynamics of racially integrated congregations and how they attract and retain members. The book, focusing on black–white interracial churches, argues that for these organizations to sustain a racially diverse congregation they must primarily appeal to whites. African‐Americans will need to affirm whites' religious and cultural predilections to retain white membership and bear the brunt of the sacrifices required to make racial integration work. In the end, interracial churches end up reproducing the racial structures they purport to oppose. The compelling stories that unfold in this book expose the tenuous nature of interracial churches and the barriers they need to overcome to realize the dream.Less
This book looks at how churches attempt to realize Dr. King's dream of racial integration. Recognizing that race is central to the organization of American life, the book situates race theory at the heart of understanding the cultural and social dynamics of racially integrated congregations and how they attract and retain members. The book, focusing on black–white interracial churches, argues that for these organizations to sustain a racially diverse congregation they must primarily appeal to whites. African‐Americans will need to affirm whites' religious and cultural predilections to retain white membership and bear the brunt of the sacrifices required to make racial integration work. In the end, interracial churches end up reproducing the racial structures they purport to oppose. The compelling stories that unfold in this book expose the tenuous nature of interracial churches and the barriers they need to overcome to realize the dream.
Yancey George Allan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199735433
- eISBN:
- 9780199866267
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199735433.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This book explores the racial climate on Protestant colleges and universities. It examines why these institutions succeed or fail to attract students of color and why students of color who attend ...
More
This book explores the racial climate on Protestant colleges and universities. It examines why these institutions succeed or fail to attract students of color and why students of color who attend these institutions succeed or fail to graduate from them. Using a national online Internet survey of Protestant campuses, an online survey of students from selected campuses, and two national data sets (National Center for Education Statistics and Princeton Review’s Complete Book of Colleges), research showed what works and what does not work in promoting racial diversity on Protestant campuses. There is quantitative evidence for the efficacy of diversity courses, minority professors, and student-led multicultural organizations but less support for multicultural programs, antiracism programs, and financial aid support in the promotion of racial diversity. The qualitative findings in the book explore why some programs are more successful in promoting racial diversity. These findings can provide guidance for leaders of Protestant institutions of higher education who want to increase racial diversity on their campuses. Since Protestant campuses are less likely to be racially diverse than other campuses, understanding factors that help Protestant campuses overcome their tendency toward racial homogeneity can also help other educational institutions become more racially diverse. The book explores the generalizabilty of its findings to non-Protestant campuses.Less
This book explores the racial climate on Protestant colleges and universities. It examines why these institutions succeed or fail to attract students of color and why students of color who attend these institutions succeed or fail to graduate from them. Using a national online Internet survey of Protestant campuses, an online survey of students from selected campuses, and two national data sets (National Center for Education Statistics and Princeton Review’s Complete Book of Colleges), research showed what works and what does not work in promoting racial diversity on Protestant campuses. There is quantitative evidence for the efficacy of diversity courses, minority professors, and student-led multicultural organizations but less support for multicultural programs, antiracism programs, and financial aid support in the promotion of racial diversity. The qualitative findings in the book explore why some programs are more successful in promoting racial diversity. These findings can provide guidance for leaders of Protestant institutions of higher education who want to increase racial diversity on their campuses. Since Protestant campuses are less likely to be racially diverse than other campuses, understanding factors that help Protestant campuses overcome their tendency toward racial homogeneity can also help other educational institutions become more racially diverse. The book explores the generalizabilty of its findings to non-Protestant campuses.
John Myles and Sébastien St‐Arnaud
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199289172
- eISBN:
- 9780191711084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289172.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This chapter argues that ethnic diversity has been largely absent in conventional welfare state theories, and that the evidence in this volume confirms that ethno-racial heterogeneity and MCPs have ...
More
This chapter argues that ethnic diversity has been largely absent in conventional welfare state theories, and that the evidence in this volume confirms that ethno-racial heterogeneity and MCPs have not played a significant role in the development of contemporary welfare states, outside the well-documented US case. However, evidence from the past, even the recent past, does not settle the issue for the future. There is still a danger, especially in Europe, that rising ethno-racial diversity due to immigration might be transformed into ethno-racial political cleavages, which can be manipulated by right-wing populist political parties, which could have corrosive effects for the welfare state. Forestalling this danger requires the successful economic and political integration of immigrants, which in turn depends on a complex range of factors, including the immigrant selection process, labour market institutions and policies, and the electoral strength of minority groups themselves.Less
This chapter argues that ethnic diversity has been largely absent in conventional welfare state theories, and that the evidence in this volume confirms that ethno-racial heterogeneity and MCPs have not played a significant role in the development of contemporary welfare states, outside the well-documented US case. However, evidence from the past, even the recent past, does not settle the issue for the future. There is still a danger, especially in Europe, that rising ethno-racial diversity due to immigration might be transformed into ethno-racial political cleavages, which can be manipulated by right-wing populist political parties, which could have corrosive effects for the welfare state. Forestalling this danger requires the successful economic and political integration of immigrants, which in turn depends on a complex range of factors, including the immigrant selection process, labour market institutions and policies, and the electoral strength of minority groups themselves.
John D. Skrentny
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159966
- eISBN:
- 9781400848492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159966.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter examines racial realism in white-collar and professional employment. It focuses on medicine, journalism, and marketing, providing evidence of the strong support for hiring on the basis ...
More
This chapter examines racial realism in white-collar and professional employment. It focuses on medicine, journalism, and marketing, providing evidence of the strong support for hiring on the basis of racial abilities and signaling in these jobs. The chapter also shows the support for the racial abilities and signaling that make racial “diversity” attractive to corporate employers. When it comes to legal authorization for racial realism, there is surprisingly little in this sector, as the courts have refused to allow a race BFOQ (“bona fide occupational qualification”), and they have not modified rulings that prohibit customer tastes as a justification for racial discrimination. Another key legal obstacle here is that courts have not allowed voluntary affirmative action to be motivated by racial-realist goals.Less
This chapter examines racial realism in white-collar and professional employment. It focuses on medicine, journalism, and marketing, providing evidence of the strong support for hiring on the basis of racial abilities and signaling in these jobs. The chapter also shows the support for the racial abilities and signaling that make racial “diversity” attractive to corporate employers. When it comes to legal authorization for racial realism, there is surprisingly little in this sector, as the courts have refused to allow a race BFOQ (“bona fide occupational qualification”), and they have not modified rulings that prohibit customer tastes as a justification for racial discrimination. Another key legal obstacle here is that courts have not allowed voluntary affirmative action to be motivated by racial-realist goals.
John D. Skrentny
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159966
- eISBN:
- 9781400848492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159966.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter introduces the problems of the roles racial differences play in the workplace. It discusses the changes in the way Americans talk about race and what pragmatic and progressive voices say ...
More
This chapter introduces the problems of the roles racial differences play in the workplace. It discusses the changes in the way Americans talk about race and what pragmatic and progressive voices say that they want since the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Never before has such a wide variety of employers, advocates, activists, and government leaders in American society discussed the benefits of racial diversity and the utility of racial difference in such a broad range of contexts. Thus, the chapter points out the emerging discourse of race as a qualification for employment, and briefly details the many issues as well as the role of established laws on such an issue. It also lays out the conceptual foundations upon which the following chapters will be based on.Less
This chapter introduces the problems of the roles racial differences play in the workplace. It discusses the changes in the way Americans talk about race and what pragmatic and progressive voices say that they want since the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Never before has such a wide variety of employers, advocates, activists, and government leaders in American society discussed the benefits of racial diversity and the utility of racial difference in such a broad range of contexts. Thus, the chapter points out the emerging discourse of race as a qualification for employment, and briefly details the many issues as well as the role of established laws on such an issue. It also lays out the conceptual foundations upon which the following chapters will be based on.
George Yancey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199735433
- eISBN:
- 9780199866267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199735433.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter introduces the challenges of studying Protestant colleges and universities. It looks at general issues about racial diversity on college campuses and discusses racial diversity as it is ...
More
This chapter introduces the challenges of studying Protestant colleges and universities. It looks at general issues about racial diversity on college campuses and discusses racial diversity as it is situated on Protestant campuses. Differences between mainline and conservative Protestant institutions of higher education as they pertain to issues of racial diversity are also examined.Less
This chapter introduces the challenges of studying Protestant colleges and universities. It looks at general issues about racial diversity on college campuses and discusses racial diversity as it is situated on Protestant campuses. Differences between mainline and conservative Protestant institutions of higher education as they pertain to issues of racial diversity are also examined.
Richard L. Wood and Brad R. Fulton
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226305974
- eISBN:
- 9780226306162
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226306162.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter draws on data from the National Study of Community Organizing Coalitions to analyze a fundamental dimension of diversity in the national field of faith-based community organizing: the ...
More
This chapter draws on data from the National Study of Community Organizing Coalitions to analyze a fundamental dimension of diversity in the national field of faith-based community organizing: the racial/ethnic diversity of its member institutions. Member institutions are primarily religious congregations from a variety of religious traditions, but about a fifth of member institutions are public schools, labor unions, faith-based organizations, neighborhood associations, and other non-congregations. National data show that the field embodies racial/ethnic diversity far beyond that of U.S. congregations, counties, public schools, or society as a whole, and with white, black, Hispanic, and multiracial institutions being well represented. However, by some measures racial/ethnic diversity in the field actually fell between 1999 and 2011. The chapter argues that an important strategic strength of the field lies in the fact that it achieves high racial/ethnic diversity by incorporating both institutions that are predominantly ‘of color’ and predominantly white institutions. The chapter locates the origins of high racial/ethnic diversity in particular strategic and institutional dynamics within the field; discusses the reasons for its changing diversity profile; and highlights how its handling of racial/ethnic diversity contrasts with its handling of religious diversity.Less
This chapter draws on data from the National Study of Community Organizing Coalitions to analyze a fundamental dimension of diversity in the national field of faith-based community organizing: the racial/ethnic diversity of its member institutions. Member institutions are primarily religious congregations from a variety of religious traditions, but about a fifth of member institutions are public schools, labor unions, faith-based organizations, neighborhood associations, and other non-congregations. National data show that the field embodies racial/ethnic diversity far beyond that of U.S. congregations, counties, public schools, or society as a whole, and with white, black, Hispanic, and multiracial institutions being well represented. However, by some measures racial/ethnic diversity in the field actually fell between 1999 and 2011. The chapter argues that an important strategic strength of the field lies in the fact that it achieves high racial/ethnic diversity by incorporating both institutions that are predominantly ‘of color’ and predominantly white institutions. The chapter locates the origins of high racial/ethnic diversity in particular strategic and institutional dynamics within the field; discusses the reasons for its changing diversity profile; and highlights how its handling of racial/ethnic diversity contrasts with its handling of religious diversity.
Korie L. Edwards
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195314243
- eISBN:
- 9780199871810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314243.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The introductory chapter reviews the basic thesis of the book: whiteness (which includes the normativity of white culture, white privilege, and white structural dominance) governs how interracial ...
More
The introductory chapter reviews the basic thesis of the book: whiteness (which includes the normativity of white culture, white privilege, and white structural dominance) governs how interracial churches work. Therefore, interracial churches work to the extent that they are first comfortable places for whites to attend. The chapter explains what is meant by whiteness and why whiteness matters. An historical overview of religious race relations in the United States is also provided. And the methods employed for this study are briefly reviewed.Less
The introductory chapter reviews the basic thesis of the book: whiteness (which includes the normativity of white culture, white privilege, and white structural dominance) governs how interracial churches work. Therefore, interracial churches work to the extent that they are first comfortable places for whites to attend. The chapter explains what is meant by whiteness and why whiteness matters. An historical overview of religious race relations in the United States is also provided. And the methods employed for this study are briefly reviewed.
Korie L. Edwards
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195314243
- eISBN:
- 9780199871810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314243.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter addresses why people attend an interracial church by exploring their past interracial and religious experiences as well as those qualities and practices they appreciate most about ...
More
This chapter addresses why people attend an interracial church by exploring their past interracial and religious experiences as well as those qualities and practices they appreciate most about attending an interracial church. The chapter gives an understanding of how past experiences and religious preferences influence people's reasons for attending interracial churches.Less
This chapter addresses why people attend an interracial church by exploring their past interracial and religious experiences as well as those qualities and practices they appreciate most about attending an interracial church. The chapter gives an understanding of how past experiences and religious preferences influence people's reasons for attending interracial churches.
John D. Skrentny
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159966
- eISBN:
- 9781400848492
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159966.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
What role should racial difference play in the American workplace? As a nation, we rely on civil rights law to address this question, and the monumental Civil Rights Act of 1964 seemingly answered ...
More
What role should racial difference play in the American workplace? As a nation, we rely on civil rights law to address this question, and the monumental Civil Rights Act of 1964 seemingly answered it: race must not be a factor in workplace decisions. This book contends that after decades of mass immigration, many employers, Democratic and Republican political leaders, and advocates have adopted a new strategy to manage race and work. Race is now relevant not only in negative cases of discrimination, but in more positive ways as well. In today's workplace, employers routinely practice “racial realism,” where they view race as real—as a job qualification. Many believe employee racial differences, and sometimes immigrant status, correspond to unique abilities or evoke desirable reactions from clients or citizens. They also see racial diversity as a way to increase workplace dynamism. The problem is that when employers see race as useful for organizational effectiveness, they are often in violation of civil rights law. This book examines this emerging strategy in a wide range of employment situations, including the low-skilled sector, professional and white-collar jobs, and entertainment and media. The book urges us to acknowledge the racial realism already occurring, and lays out a series of reforms that, if enacted, would bring the law and lived experience more in line, yet still remain respectful of the need to protect the civil rights of all workers.Less
What role should racial difference play in the American workplace? As a nation, we rely on civil rights law to address this question, and the monumental Civil Rights Act of 1964 seemingly answered it: race must not be a factor in workplace decisions. This book contends that after decades of mass immigration, many employers, Democratic and Republican political leaders, and advocates have adopted a new strategy to manage race and work. Race is now relevant not only in negative cases of discrimination, but in more positive ways as well. In today's workplace, employers routinely practice “racial realism,” where they view race as real—as a job qualification. Many believe employee racial differences, and sometimes immigrant status, correspond to unique abilities or evoke desirable reactions from clients or citizens. They also see racial diversity as a way to increase workplace dynamism. The problem is that when employers see race as useful for organizational effectiveness, they are often in violation of civil rights law. This book examines this emerging strategy in a wide range of employment situations, including the low-skilled sector, professional and white-collar jobs, and entertainment and media. The book urges us to acknowledge the racial realism already occurring, and lays out a series of reforms that, if enacted, would bring the law and lived experience more in line, yet still remain respectful of the need to protect the civil rights of all workers.
Nida Denson and Marsha Ing
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199794942
- eISBN:
- 9780199914500
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794942.003.0034
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Educational psychology is the study of how people learn. This chapter begins by discussing how issues of racial and cultural diversity relate to psychological literacy and psychology undergraduate ...
More
Educational psychology is the study of how people learn. This chapter begins by discussing how issues of racial and cultural diversity relate to psychological literacy and psychology undergraduate education. It then summarizes several theories about how people learn and focus on the impact of racial and cultural diversity in higher education. The chapter provides an overview of current trends in the higher education literature and the three distinct forms of diversity (i.e., structural diversity, curricular/co-curricular diversity, and interaction diversity). The chapter discusses how these forms of diversity help to address strengths and gaps in the literature. The chapter then discusses how diversity in higher education relates to psychological literacy and the psychologically literate citizen. The chapter concludes by providing some practical suggestions and implications for educational practice and, in particular, ways in which to facilitate the development of psychological literacy in undergraduate psychology courses.Less
Educational psychology is the study of how people learn. This chapter begins by discussing how issues of racial and cultural diversity relate to psychological literacy and psychology undergraduate education. It then summarizes several theories about how people learn and focus on the impact of racial and cultural diversity in higher education. The chapter provides an overview of current trends in the higher education literature and the three distinct forms of diversity (i.e., structural diversity, curricular/co-curricular diversity, and interaction diversity). The chapter discusses how these forms of diversity help to address strengths and gaps in the literature. The chapter then discusses how diversity in higher education relates to psychological literacy and the psychologically literate citizen. The chapter concludes by providing some practical suggestions and implications for educational practice and, in particular, ways in which to facilitate the development of psychological literacy in undergraduate psychology courses.
Richard L. Wood and Brad R. Fulton
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226305974
- eISBN:
- 9780226306162
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226306162.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter draws on data from the National Study of Community Organizing Coalitions to analyze the individual-level diversity among two sets of key leaders within faith-based community organizing: ...
More
This chapter draws on data from the National Study of Community Organizing Coalitions to analyze the individual-level diversity among two sets of key leaders within faith-based community organizing: professional staff and governing board members. The chapter focuses on racial and ethnic diversity, but also examines socioeconomic, gender, and age diversity. The high level of diversity within the field’s leadership makes this social movement unusual in American civil society, and its impressive racial/ethnic diversity in particular, combined with its historic emphasis on universalist democratic ideals, makes faith-based community organizing a suitable case for analyzing the dynamics between universalist and multicultural commitments in grassroots democratic movements. The chapter also argues that retaining professional staff embodying high levels of racial/ethnic diversity represents a critical challenge for the field, and examines the practices through which faith-based community organizing coalitions and networks have sought to retain diverse organizing staff. Those practices include paying professional salaries; engaging issues of racial equity internally and externally; building shared meaning within their organizational cultures; and offering professional development opportunities, including some focused on racial equity.Less
This chapter draws on data from the National Study of Community Organizing Coalitions to analyze the individual-level diversity among two sets of key leaders within faith-based community organizing: professional staff and governing board members. The chapter focuses on racial and ethnic diversity, but also examines socioeconomic, gender, and age diversity. The high level of diversity within the field’s leadership makes this social movement unusual in American civil society, and its impressive racial/ethnic diversity in particular, combined with its historic emphasis on universalist democratic ideals, makes faith-based community organizing a suitable case for analyzing the dynamics between universalist and multicultural commitments in grassroots democratic movements. The chapter also argues that retaining professional staff embodying high levels of racial/ethnic diversity represents a critical challenge for the field, and examines the practices through which faith-based community organizing coalitions and networks have sought to retain diverse organizing staff. Those practices include paying professional salaries; engaging issues of racial equity internally and externally; building shared meaning within their organizational cultures; and offering professional development opportunities, including some focused on racial equity.
Robert Wuthnow
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691157207
- eISBN:
- 9781400846498
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691157207.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines what people mean when they say their town offers a slow pace of life or a more authentic place in which to raise children. It is unusual in contemporary America to find anyone ...
More
This chapter examines what people mean when they say their town offers a slow pace of life or a more authentic place in which to raise children. It is unusual in contemporary America to find anyone whose family has lived in the same small town for as long as six generations. Even in small towns the average length of residence is only nineteen years. The chapter considers the residents' reasons for living where they do and what their perceptions tell us about the changing meanings of community. It shows that residents are fully aware of the disadvantages of living in a small town, but they compensate by, for example, organizing local cultural events and traveling more frequently to cities. The chapter concludes by considering the challenges and concerns that residents talk about as they see their communities changing, such as immigration, population decline, lower standard of living, and increasing racial and ethnic diversity.Less
This chapter examines what people mean when they say their town offers a slow pace of life or a more authentic place in which to raise children. It is unusual in contemporary America to find anyone whose family has lived in the same small town for as long as six generations. Even in small towns the average length of residence is only nineteen years. The chapter considers the residents' reasons for living where they do and what their perceptions tell us about the changing meanings of community. It shows that residents are fully aware of the disadvantages of living in a small town, but they compensate by, for example, organizing local cultural events and traveling more frequently to cities. The chapter concludes by considering the challenges and concerns that residents talk about as they see their communities changing, such as immigration, population decline, lower standard of living, and increasing racial and ethnic diversity.
Thomas Borstelmann
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691141565
- eISBN:
- 9781400839704
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691141565.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter looks at how greater inclusiveness and formal equality were accompanied by growing distrust of government and the rise of market values in the post-1970s world. Over more than three ...
More
This chapter looks at how greater inclusiveness and formal equality were accompanied by growing distrust of government and the rise of market values in the post-1970s world. Over more than three decades, the result was a more diverse public culture in the realm of employment, entertainment, and politics, on the one hand, and a more economically differentiated society, on the other. Class differences widened, as measured by the distribution of income and wealth. But Americans had long been loath to talk about class divisions, something associated for the past century with Marxist analysis. Rather than addressing growing economic inequality, Americans tended instead to celebrate racial and ethnic diversity. Here, cultural liberalism and economic conservatism had come to form a de facto alliance. It had become the contemporary American condition, the ground on which the vaunted American middle class continued to shrink.Less
This chapter looks at how greater inclusiveness and formal equality were accompanied by growing distrust of government and the rise of market values in the post-1970s world. Over more than three decades, the result was a more diverse public culture in the realm of employment, entertainment, and politics, on the one hand, and a more economically differentiated society, on the other. Class differences widened, as measured by the distribution of income and wealth. But Americans had long been loath to talk about class divisions, something associated for the past century with Marxist analysis. Rather than addressing growing economic inequality, Americans tended instead to celebrate racial and ethnic diversity. Here, cultural liberalism and economic conservatism had come to form a de facto alliance. It had become the contemporary American condition, the ground on which the vaunted American middle class continued to shrink.
Jessica M. Barron and Rhys H. Williams
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781479877669
- eISBN:
- 9781479802371
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479877669.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Another part of the urban imaginary is the assumption that cities are full of diverse people. Racial diversity is, for many, part of the urban culture to be consumed—a new and valued experience. And ...
More
Another part of the urban imaginary is the assumption that cities are full of diverse people. Racial diversity is, for many, part of the urban culture to be consumed—a new and valued experience. And racial and cultural diversity is a feature of Downtown Church valued by many of the congregants. This diversity, however, also has potential downsides, at least for the church leadership. They do not want Downtown Church perceived as a “black church,” nor do they want diversity to actually threaten the authority of the all-white leadership teams. Thus, “managed diversity,” as a set of organizational practices, becomes a practical response.Less
Another part of the urban imaginary is the assumption that cities are full of diverse people. Racial diversity is, for many, part of the urban culture to be consumed—a new and valued experience. And racial and cultural diversity is a feature of Downtown Church valued by many of the congregants. This diversity, however, also has potential downsides, at least for the church leadership. They do not want Downtown Church perceived as a “black church,” nor do they want diversity to actually threaten the authority of the all-white leadership teams. Thus, “managed diversity,” as a set of organizational practices, becomes a practical response.
Brad R. Fulton and Richard L. Wood
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781479854769
- eISBN:
- 9781479834457
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479854769.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Brad R. Fulton and Richard L. Wood’s chapter uses a national dataset of faith-based community organizing (FBCO) coalitions to provide an overview of an organizational field that is central to the ...
More
Brad R. Fulton and Richard L. Wood’s chapter uses a national dataset of faith-based community organizing (FBCO) coalitions to provide an overview of an organizational field that is central to the progressive religious activist field as a whole. The chapter focuses on the high levels of religious diversity, racial/ethnic diversity, and socioeconomic diversity of the FBCO field, and argues that these groups draw on shared religious commitments to bridge their racial/ethnic and socioeconomic divides. Finally, they argue that in addition to the sheer scale of mobilization enabled by the FBCO infrastructure, this diversity constitutes faith-based organizing’s most significant source of power and most important credential for legitimacy in the public arena.Less
Brad R. Fulton and Richard L. Wood’s chapter uses a national dataset of faith-based community organizing (FBCO) coalitions to provide an overview of an organizational field that is central to the progressive religious activist field as a whole. The chapter focuses on the high levels of religious diversity, racial/ethnic diversity, and socioeconomic diversity of the FBCO field, and argues that these groups draw on shared religious commitments to bridge their racial/ethnic and socioeconomic divides. Finally, they argue that in addition to the sheer scale of mobilization enabled by the FBCO infrastructure, this diversity constitutes faith-based organizing’s most significant source of power and most important credential for legitimacy in the public arena.
Erica Frankenberg
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807835128
- eISBN:
- 9781469602585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807869208_frankenberg.7
- Subject:
- Education, History of Education
This chapter reviews what is known from earlier efforts at integration and contemplates how such policies might fare in the aftermath of the complex legal decision in Parents Involved in Community ...
More
This chapter reviews what is known from earlier efforts at integration and contemplates how such policies might fare in the aftermath of the complex legal decision in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (PICS 20070 case. The chapter also examines the relative strengths of various approaches intended to achieve or maintain racial diversity in K-12 public schools.Less
This chapter reviews what is known from earlier efforts at integration and contemplates how such policies might fare in the aftermath of the complex legal decision in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (PICS 20070 case. The chapter also examines the relative strengths of various approaches intended to achieve or maintain racial diversity in K-12 public schools.
Ann Morning
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520270305
- eISBN:
- 9780520950146
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520270305.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
New Dynamic Biology and some other high-school textbooks have had a lot to say to young Americans about race. They have introduced their readers to “the races of man” and provided detailed charts of ...
More
New Dynamic Biology and some other high-school textbooks have had a lot to say to young Americans about race. They have introduced their readers to “the races of man” and provided detailed charts of the species' racial diversity over the course of the twentieth century. They have informed against the dangers of racism and informed pupils of the race-specific risks for particular diseases. The influence of high-school textbooks is both deep and wide. In a nation where education through secondary school is nearly universal and textbooks are a major element of the curriculum, high-school texts reach an extraordinary large audience. U.S. high schools enroll roughly sixteen million students annually, and it has been estimated that those students spend 75 percent of their classroom time and 90 percent of their homework time using textbooks. Textbooks similarly influence the thinking of the teachers who study them while preparing lesson plans.Less
New Dynamic Biology and some other high-school textbooks have had a lot to say to young Americans about race. They have introduced their readers to “the races of man” and provided detailed charts of the species' racial diversity over the course of the twentieth century. They have informed against the dangers of racism and informed pupils of the race-specific risks for particular diseases. The influence of high-school textbooks is both deep and wide. In a nation where education through secondary school is nearly universal and textbooks are a major element of the curriculum, high-school texts reach an extraordinary large audience. U.S. high schools enroll roughly sixteen million students annually, and it has been estimated that those students spend 75 percent of their classroom time and 90 percent of their homework time using textbooks. Textbooks similarly influence the thinking of the teachers who study them while preparing lesson plans.
Jana Riess
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190885205
- eISBN:
- 9780190938277
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190885205.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter assesses the long and complex story about Mormonism and race, particularly with respect to African Americans. Until 1978, the LDS Church forbade priesthood ordination to men of African ...
More
This chapter assesses the long and complex story about Mormonism and race, particularly with respect to African Americans. Until 1978, the LDS Church forbade priesthood ordination to men of African descent and temple entrance to black men and women, prohibiting them from participating in sacred rituals such as endowments and eternal marriage. Even though that policy was rescinded more than forty years ago, the legacy of the priesthood/temple ban is unsettling for some Mormons who wonder what to do with it theologically. Mormons' views on race are complex and the experiences and views of Mormons of color defy easy characterization. Indeed, while the Church as an institution has made serious efforts to counter racism, the ghosts of past attitudes have not been fully exorcised among members, and the racial composition of the membership is not staying in step with the racial diversity occurring around it.Less
This chapter assesses the long and complex story about Mormonism and race, particularly with respect to African Americans. Until 1978, the LDS Church forbade priesthood ordination to men of African descent and temple entrance to black men and women, prohibiting them from participating in sacred rituals such as endowments and eternal marriage. Even though that policy was rescinded more than forty years ago, the legacy of the priesthood/temple ban is unsettling for some Mormons who wonder what to do with it theologically. Mormons' views on race are complex and the experiences and views of Mormons of color defy easy characterization. Indeed, while the Church as an institution has made serious efforts to counter racism, the ghosts of past attitudes have not been fully exorcised among members, and the racial composition of the membership is not staying in step with the racial diversity occurring around it.
