Christine Scodari
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496817785
- eISBN:
- 9781496817822
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496817785.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
For over two decades, the media have chronicled escalating participation in family history prompted by, among other things, the aging of Baby Boomers and Generation Xers, the growing availability of ...
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For over two decades, the media have chronicled escalating participation in family history prompted by, among other things, the aging of Baby Boomers and Generation Xers, the growing availability of digital genealogy sites and archives, and a burgeoning interest in racial and ethnic history and culture of the sort inspired by the airing of the historical drama miniseries Roots forty years ago.
Alternate Roots is the first book to critically address a wide array of media-related institutions, texts, technologies, and practices of family history readily encountered in the new millennium, including genealogy-themed television series, books, documentaries, websites, family photos and civil records, social media interactions, genealogical institutions, “roots” tourism, and genetic ancestry testing services capitalizing on the 2003 mapping of the human genome. These objects of inquiry present unique and pressing issues for critical investigation in terms of economic and privacy concerns as well as ethnicity, race, and hybrid identities.
Judiciously interweaving her own genealogical journey involving ethnic, racial, classed, and gendered identities pertinent to her southern Italian and Italian American family history throughout the multifaceted examination of critical objects, Christine Scodari unearths pivot points of thought and action in the performance and representation of family history that can be adapted by others and facilitated by digital media. This alternate roots strategy, an expansive approach to family history, enables practitioners to venture beyond genetic definitions of kinship, their own ancestral history, and the struggles of those sharing their affiliations, and to interrogate genealogical media and related commodities and activities accordingly.Less
For over two decades, the media have chronicled escalating participation in family history prompted by, among other things, the aging of Baby Boomers and Generation Xers, the growing availability of digital genealogy sites and archives, and a burgeoning interest in racial and ethnic history and culture of the sort inspired by the airing of the historical drama miniseries Roots forty years ago.
Alternate Roots is the first book to critically address a wide array of media-related institutions, texts, technologies, and practices of family history readily encountered in the new millennium, including genealogy-themed television series, books, documentaries, websites, family photos and civil records, social media interactions, genealogical institutions, “roots” tourism, and genetic ancestry testing services capitalizing on the 2003 mapping of the human genome. These objects of inquiry present unique and pressing issues for critical investigation in terms of economic and privacy concerns as well as ethnicity, race, and hybrid identities.
Judiciously interweaving her own genealogical journey involving ethnic, racial, classed, and gendered identities pertinent to her southern Italian and Italian American family history throughout the multifaceted examination of critical objects, Christine Scodari unearths pivot points of thought and action in the performance and representation of family history that can be adapted by others and facilitated by digital media. This alternate roots strategy, an expansive approach to family history, enables practitioners to venture beyond genetic definitions of kinship, their own ancestral history, and the struggles of those sharing their affiliations, and to interrogate genealogical media and related commodities and activities accordingly.
Sandra Torres
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447328117
- eISBN:
- 9781447328131
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447328117.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
This chapter aims specifically to describe what characterises the portion of the scholarship on the intersection of ethnicity/ race and ageing/ old age that focuses on health inequalities. This ...
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This chapter aims specifically to describe what characterises the portion of the scholarship on the intersection of ethnicity/ race and ageing/ old age that focuses on health inequalities. This chapter brings attention to the fact that this literature regards ethnicity and race as crude proxies and fails therefore to acknowledge the complexity embedded in these social positions. The chapter brings attention to the main trends observed when reviewing the literature (i.e. that most studies come from North America and focus on a small number of ethnic minorities, most fail to address how ethnicity and race is made sense of in the studies, most are informed by the essentialist and/ or structuralist perspectives, and that most studies rely on studies that have not been designed to specifically explore the nexus in question). In doing so, this chapter shows what the perspectives that inform this literature mean not only for the themes that have received attention (i.e. general health/ physical functioning, disability and mobility/ disease-specific/ mental health/ cognitive functioning), but also for the ones that remain unexplored (such as, for example, the study of how perceived racism impacts the health of older ethnic minorities).Less
This chapter aims specifically to describe what characterises the portion of the scholarship on the intersection of ethnicity/ race and ageing/ old age that focuses on health inequalities. This chapter brings attention to the fact that this literature regards ethnicity and race as crude proxies and fails therefore to acknowledge the complexity embedded in these social positions. The chapter brings attention to the main trends observed when reviewing the literature (i.e. that most studies come from North America and focus on a small number of ethnic minorities, most fail to address how ethnicity and race is made sense of in the studies, most are informed by the essentialist and/ or structuralist perspectives, and that most studies rely on studies that have not been designed to specifically explore the nexus in question). In doing so, this chapter shows what the perspectives that inform this literature mean not only for the themes that have received attention (i.e. general health/ physical functioning, disability and mobility/ disease-specific/ mental health/ cognitive functioning), but also for the ones that remain unexplored (such as, for example, the study of how perceived racism impacts the health of older ethnic minorities).
Melissa N. Stein
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816673025
- eISBN:
- 9781452952437
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816673025.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
The introduction discusses pursuits of scientists from past to present to discover physical, biological differences between genders and races, and the effect that this has had on American society and ...
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The introduction discusses pursuits of scientists from past to present to discover physical, biological differences between genders and races, and the effect that this has had on American society and its perception of manhood.Less
The introduction discusses pursuits of scientists from past to present to discover physical, biological differences between genders and races, and the effect that this has had on American society and its perception of manhood.
Janet L. Lauritsen, Ekaterina Gorislavsky, and Karen Heimer
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814789308
- eISBN:
- 9780814760239
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814789308.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This chapter examines the relationship between changing economic conditions and rates of serious violent victimization among adolescents and young adults between 1973 and 2005. The effects of ...
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This chapter examines the relationship between changing economic conditions and rates of serious violent victimization among adolescents and young adults between 1973 and 2005. The effects of unemployment, poverty, and consumer sentiment on rates of youth violence are compared by the gender and race-ethnicity of victims. The analysis reveals that increases in youth violence are generally associated with increases in poverty and growing consumer pessimism, but not with increases in unemployment. The effects of poverty and consumer sentiment, however, differ somewhat for males and females and youth of differing ages and race-ethnic groups. Like the previous results presented in this chapter, these findings indicate that the relationship between macroeconomic conditions and youth violence is not simple and is conditioned by the age, gender, and race-ethnicity of victims.Less
This chapter examines the relationship between changing economic conditions and rates of serious violent victimization among adolescents and young adults between 1973 and 2005. The effects of unemployment, poverty, and consumer sentiment on rates of youth violence are compared by the gender and race-ethnicity of victims. The analysis reveals that increases in youth violence are generally associated with increases in poverty and growing consumer pessimism, but not with increases in unemployment. The effects of poverty and consumer sentiment, however, differ somewhat for males and females and youth of differing ages and race-ethnic groups. Like the previous results presented in this chapter, these findings indicate that the relationship between macroeconomic conditions and youth violence is not simple and is conditioned by the age, gender, and race-ethnicity of victims.
Neil Blain and David Hutchison
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748627998
- eISBN:
- 9780748671205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748627998.003.0013
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
The chapter begins by noting the complexities around usage of the terms race and ethnicity, observing the recent predominance of the latter, and also summarizes recent work on race and ethnicity in ...
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The chapter begins by noting the complexities around usage of the terms race and ethnicity, observing the recent predominance of the latter, and also summarizes recent work on race and ethnicity in the UK media. The chapter focuses especially on two instances of press coverage, a contested voluntary flight/abduction, and one of asylum and unrest in detention. Some difference in Scottish reporting from UK newspapers is observed, including over the role of the Dungavel detention centre. There then follows a detailed case study of a suicide at Harmondsworth detention centre including discourse analysis of coverage of Dungavel. A second case study of the 2006 Misbah Rana case further analyses Scottish press coverage, especially of contestation over whether the departure was or was not voluntary, often focusing on dispute over Misbah/Molly's name. Features of coverage such as metareporting and historicization are further examined.Less
The chapter begins by noting the complexities around usage of the terms race and ethnicity, observing the recent predominance of the latter, and also summarizes recent work on race and ethnicity in the UK media. The chapter focuses especially on two instances of press coverage, a contested voluntary flight/abduction, and one of asylum and unrest in detention. Some difference in Scottish reporting from UK newspapers is observed, including over the role of the Dungavel detention centre. There then follows a detailed case study of a suicide at Harmondsworth detention centre including discourse analysis of coverage of Dungavel. A second case study of the 2006 Misbah Rana case further analyses Scottish press coverage, especially of contestation over whether the departure was or was not voluntary, often focusing on dispute over Misbah/Molly's name. Features of coverage such as metareporting and historicization are further examined.
Micere Keels
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501746888
- eISBN:
- 9781501746895
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501746888.003.0001
- Subject:
- Education, Higher and Further Education
This introductory chapter shows how many of the identity challenges that Latinx and Black students experience result from how race-ethnicity increases the likelihood that they are also ...
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This introductory chapter shows how many of the identity challenges that Latinx and Black students experience result from how race-ethnicity increases the likelihood that they are also first-generation college students; that they attended high schools that did not offer a rigorous college preparatory curriculum; that they have to work for pay to afford college; that they cannot be carefree students and must help support the families they left behind; and that they must contend with many other nontraditional college student challenges. It discusses research and news media portrayals of minority student persistence. To that end, the chapter briefly introduces a cohort of approximately five hundred Black and Latinx college freshmen who enrolled in fall 2013. It reveals that these students were asking for access to counterspaces—safe spaces that simultaneously validate and critique one's interconnected self and group identity—that would enable radical growth. Radical growth can be understood as the development of ideas and narratives that challenge dominant representations of and notions about their marginalized identities.Less
This introductory chapter shows how many of the identity challenges that Latinx and Black students experience result from how race-ethnicity increases the likelihood that they are also first-generation college students; that they attended high schools that did not offer a rigorous college preparatory curriculum; that they have to work for pay to afford college; that they cannot be carefree students and must help support the families they left behind; and that they must contend with many other nontraditional college student challenges. It discusses research and news media portrayals of minority student persistence. To that end, the chapter briefly introduces a cohort of approximately five hundred Black and Latinx college freshmen who enrolled in fall 2013. It reveals that these students were asking for access to counterspaces—safe spaces that simultaneously validate and critique one's interconnected self and group identity—that would enable radical growth. Radical growth can be understood as the development of ideas and narratives that challenge dominant representations of and notions about their marginalized identities.
Nilanjana Dasgupta and Kumar Yogeeswaran
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199735204
- eISBN:
- 9780199894581
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199735204.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Although the 14th Amendment of the American Constitution grants citizenship to any person born or naturalized in the country, psychological research suggests that subjective perceptions of who is ...
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Although the 14th Amendment of the American Constitution grants citizenship to any person born or naturalized in the country, psychological research suggests that subjective perceptions of who is authentically American is driven by implicit assumptions about who seems typical. People implicitly consider Whites to be more authentically American than racial minorities. This chapter explores how implicit stereotypes about who is American influenced public opinion about Barack Obama during the 2008 presidential election. Data show that these implicit stereotypes evoke doubts about the patriotism of ethnic minorities which in turn promote job discrimination and rejection of public policies proposed by ethnic minorities especially when national security is salient. This chapter also identifies factors that expand vs. restrict people’s definition of who is American. Exposure to ethnic minorities engaged in national service expands the inclusiveness American identity whereas exposure to ethnic minorities who embrace their ethnic heritage restricts the definition of American.Less
Although the 14th Amendment of the American Constitution grants citizenship to any person born or naturalized in the country, psychological research suggests that subjective perceptions of who is authentically American is driven by implicit assumptions about who seems typical. People implicitly consider Whites to be more authentically American than racial minorities. This chapter explores how implicit stereotypes about who is American influenced public opinion about Barack Obama during the 2008 presidential election. Data show that these implicit stereotypes evoke doubts about the patriotism of ethnic minorities which in turn promote job discrimination and rejection of public policies proposed by ethnic minorities especially when national security is salient. This chapter also identifies factors that expand vs. restrict people’s definition of who is American. Exposure to ethnic minorities engaged in national service expands the inclusiveness American identity whereas exposure to ethnic minorities who embrace their ethnic heritage restricts the definition of American.
Renee M. Johnson, Sabriya Linton, Preben Bo Mortensen, Sari L. Reisner, Silvia Martins, and William W. Eaton
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190916602
- eISBN:
- 9780190916640
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190916602.003.0008
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter presents information about differences in risk for mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders across three demographic factors that are tied to social disadvantage: socioeconomic ...
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This chapter presents information about differences in risk for mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders across three demographic factors that are tied to social disadvantage: socioeconomic position, race/ethnicity, and sexual and gender minority status. It summarizes key results from studies of the general population, and presents information on prevalence and risk based on our analyses of national data sets. Systematic population subgroup differences exist. Persons in low socioeconomic position and sexual and gender minorities have higher odds of mental and behavioral disorders. Findings for racial/ethnic minorities were mixed. Although several studies showing that Black and Hispanic people have lower risk than Whites for mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, research also shows that disorders among these groups are more severe and more persistent.Less
This chapter presents information about differences in risk for mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders across three demographic factors that are tied to social disadvantage: socioeconomic position, race/ethnicity, and sexual and gender minority status. It summarizes key results from studies of the general population, and presents information on prevalence and risk based on our analyses of national data sets. Systematic population subgroup differences exist. Persons in low socioeconomic position and sexual and gender minorities have higher odds of mental and behavioral disorders. Findings for racial/ethnic minorities were mixed. Although several studies showing that Black and Hispanic people have lower risk than Whites for mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, research also shows that disorders among these groups are more severe and more persistent.
Christine Scodari
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496817785
- eISBN:
- 9781496817822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496817785.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
The introduction narrates the author’s experiences with and practices of family history that led to her decision to critically investigate genealogy media and culture from the perspective of race, ...
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The introduction narrates the author’s experiences with and practices of family history that led to her decision to critically investigate genealogy media and culture from the perspective of race, ethnicity, and intersected identities. It details the relevant research questions and critical objects, supplies theories and concepts appropriate to the task, outlines the methods used to examine associated institutions, media texts, and audiences/participatory cultures of genealogy, and previews upcoming chapters.Less
The introduction narrates the author’s experiences with and practices of family history that led to her decision to critically investigate genealogy media and culture from the perspective of race, ethnicity, and intersected identities. It details the relevant research questions and critical objects, supplies theories and concepts appropriate to the task, outlines the methods used to examine associated institutions, media texts, and audiences/participatory cultures of genealogy, and previews upcoming chapters.
Christine Scodari
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496817785
- eISBN:
- 9781496817822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496817785.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
The third chapter interprets discourses of post-identity, race/ethnicity, and intersections with gender and class in terms of salient issues and historical contexts such as slavery, Jim Crow, ...
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The third chapter interprets discourses of post-identity, race/ethnicity, and intersections with gender and class in terms of salient issues and historical contexts such as slavery, Jim Crow, internment, and similar circumstances represented in 21st century family history TV and its reception. Reception is analyzed via ethnographic (including virtual-ethnographic) investigation. The chapter incorporates auto-ethnographic experiences and insights with regard to the processes, tools, and outcomes of genealogical practices, considering their bearing on the investigation’s critical trajectory, as well as the implications of racial, ethnic, and intersected modalities of identity as inferred from genealogical documents.Less
The third chapter interprets discourses of post-identity, race/ethnicity, and intersections with gender and class in terms of salient issues and historical contexts such as slavery, Jim Crow, internment, and similar circumstances represented in 21st century family history TV and its reception. Reception is analyzed via ethnographic (including virtual-ethnographic) investigation. The chapter incorporates auto-ethnographic experiences and insights with regard to the processes, tools, and outcomes of genealogical practices, considering their bearing on the investigation’s critical trajectory, as well as the implications of racial, ethnic, and intersected modalities of identity as inferred from genealogical documents.
Ali Meghji
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781526143075
- eISBN:
- 9781526150424
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526143082
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
This book analyses how racism and anti-racism influences Black British middle class cultural consumption. In doing so, this book challenges the dominant understanding of British middle class identity ...
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This book analyses how racism and anti-racism influences Black British middle class cultural consumption. In doing so, this book challenges the dominant understanding of British middle class identity and culture as being ‘beyond race’.
Paying attention to the relationship between cultural capital and cultural repertoires, this book puts forward the idea that there are three black middle-class identity modes: strategic assimilation, class-minded, and ethnoracial autonomous. People towards each of these identity modes use specific cultural repertoires to organise their cultural consumption. Those towards strategic assimilation draw on repertoires of code-switching and cultural equity, consuming traditional middle class culture to maintain an equality with the white middle-class in levels of cultural capital. Ethnoracial autonomous individuals draw on repertoires of browning and Afro-centrism, self-selecting out of traditional middle- class cultural pursuits they decode as ‘Eurocentric’, while showing a preference for cultural forms that uplift black diasporic histories and cultures. Lastly, those towards the class-minded identity mode draw on repertoires of post-racialism and de-racialisation. Such individuals polarise between ‘Black’ and middle class cultural forms, display an unequivocal preference for the latter, and lambast other black people who avoid middle-class culture as being culturally myopic or culturally uncultivated.
This book will appeal to sociology students, researchers, and academics working on race and class, critical race theory, and cultural sociology, among other social science disciplines.Less
This book analyses how racism and anti-racism influences Black British middle class cultural consumption. In doing so, this book challenges the dominant understanding of British middle class identity and culture as being ‘beyond race’.
Paying attention to the relationship between cultural capital and cultural repertoires, this book puts forward the idea that there are three black middle-class identity modes: strategic assimilation, class-minded, and ethnoracial autonomous. People towards each of these identity modes use specific cultural repertoires to organise their cultural consumption. Those towards strategic assimilation draw on repertoires of code-switching and cultural equity, consuming traditional middle class culture to maintain an equality with the white middle-class in levels of cultural capital. Ethnoracial autonomous individuals draw on repertoires of browning and Afro-centrism, self-selecting out of traditional middle- class cultural pursuits they decode as ‘Eurocentric’, while showing a preference for cultural forms that uplift black diasporic histories and cultures. Lastly, those towards the class-minded identity mode draw on repertoires of post-racialism and de-racialisation. Such individuals polarise between ‘Black’ and middle class cultural forms, display an unequivocal preference for the latter, and lambast other black people who avoid middle-class culture as being culturally myopic or culturally uncultivated.
This book will appeal to sociology students, researchers, and academics working on race and class, critical race theory, and cultural sociology, among other social science disciplines.
Melissa N. Stein
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816673025
- eISBN:
- 9781452952437
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816673025.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Chapter four argues that emasculation was central to scientific and popular discourse on lynching as well as its practice. For three decades, prominent U.S. physicians recommended surgical castration ...
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Chapter four argues that emasculation was central to scientific and popular discourse on lynching as well as its practice. For three decades, prominent U.S. physicians recommended surgical castration as an alternative to lynch violence. They lent scientific support for the "black rapist" trope, but positioned themselves as progressive reformers offering a medical solution.Less
Chapter four argues that emasculation was central to scientific and popular discourse on lynching as well as its practice. For three decades, prominent U.S. physicians recommended surgical castration as an alternative to lynch violence. They lent scientific support for the "black rapist" trope, but positioned themselves as progressive reformers offering a medical solution.
John Iceland
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520286900
- eISBN:
- 9780520961975
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520286900.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter discusses how different countries view race and ethnicity, including different approaches to conceptualizing and measuring racial and ethnic groups. It then examines racial and ethnic ...
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This chapter discusses how different countries view race and ethnicity, including different approaches to conceptualizing and measuring racial and ethnic groups. It then examines racial and ethnic inequality in various settings—focusing mainly (though note solely) on peer countries of the U.S. in the OECD as well as in Latin America. It ends with a discussion of policy responses to racial and ethnic diversity, including debates about multiculturalism vs. assimilation and about affirmative action. The goal of this chapter is to broaden our understanding of how different contexts shape patterns of racial and ethnic inequality, and thus to provide a global perspective to U.S. conversations about these issues.Less
This chapter discusses how different countries view race and ethnicity, including different approaches to conceptualizing and measuring racial and ethnic groups. It then examines racial and ethnic inequality in various settings—focusing mainly (though note solely) on peer countries of the U.S. in the OECD as well as in Latin America. It ends with a discussion of policy responses to racial and ethnic diversity, including debates about multiculturalism vs. assimilation and about affirmative action. The goal of this chapter is to broaden our understanding of how different contexts shape patterns of racial and ethnic inequality, and thus to provide a global perspective to U.S. conversations about these issues.
Melissa N. Stein
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816673025
- eISBN:
- 9781452952437
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816673025.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Measuring Manhood describes how race became the purview of science and the processes by which race was constructed as a biological phenomenon with far-reaching social, cultural, and political ...
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Measuring Manhood describes how race became the purview of science and the processes by which race was constructed as a biological phenomenon with far-reaching social, cultural, and political resonance. It tells the story of an overlapping, interdisciplinary group of scientists who asserted their relevance and authority by offering expert advice America’s most pressing issues. These scientists often used gender and sex difference to conceptualize or buttress their claims about racial difference, but the mechanisms by which they did so constantly shifted according to what was at stake in that specific historical moment. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, their conclusions about human difference naturalized socio-political difference—and hierarchy—in America. For these scientists, the physical body both reflected and determined the character of the social body. This book is also concerned with how the public received such ideas and how they shaped the way real people were treated. Accordingly, it examines a variety of sources, both textual and visual, to interrogate racial scientists’ engagement with social and political issues as well as the incursion of scientific thought into political culture.Less
Measuring Manhood describes how race became the purview of science and the processes by which race was constructed as a biological phenomenon with far-reaching social, cultural, and political resonance. It tells the story of an overlapping, interdisciplinary group of scientists who asserted their relevance and authority by offering expert advice America’s most pressing issues. These scientists often used gender and sex difference to conceptualize or buttress their claims about racial difference, but the mechanisms by which they did so constantly shifted according to what was at stake in that specific historical moment. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, their conclusions about human difference naturalized socio-political difference—and hierarchy—in America. For these scientists, the physical body both reflected and determined the character of the social body. This book is also concerned with how the public received such ideas and how they shaped the way real people were treated. Accordingly, it examines a variety of sources, both textual and visual, to interrogate racial scientists’ engagement with social and political issues as well as the incursion of scientific thought into political culture.
Lundy Braun
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816683574
- eISBN:
- 9781452949185
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816683574.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
The Epilogue brings the topic up to the present.
The Epilogue brings the topic up to the present.
Anne Warfield Rawls and Waverly Duck
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780226703558
- eISBN:
- 9780226703725
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226703725.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Psychology and Interaction
Every time we interact with another person, we draw unconsciously on a set of expectations to guide us through the encounter. What many of us in the United States—especially White people—do not ...
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Every time we interact with another person, we draw unconsciously on a set of expectations to guide us through the encounter. What many of us in the United States—especially White people—do not recognize is that centuries of institutional racism have inescapably molded those expectations into taken-for-granted practices that reproduce the biases in our society. These practices can shape everything from how we greet our neighbors to whether we take a second look at a résumé. This is tacit racism, and it is one of the most pernicious threats to our nation. In this book we show how racism is coded into “everyday” expectations of social interaction, in what we call Interaction Orders of Race, in “tacit” taken-for-granted ways. This unconscious racism is coded into greeting and introductory sequences, perceptions of who can hold high status identities, and basic expectations about honesty, health and masculinity. We explore the Interaction Order expectations of Black Americans and their neighborhoods finding not only that social order among African Americans is different than for White Americans, but that it is more democratic. Because Race has been institutionalized in social expectations, acting on racism doesn’t require conscious intent: actions are racist if Race is coded into them. This tacit racism divides the nation, providing fertile ground for manipulation of issues associated with Race (e.g. healthcare, guns, voting rights and immigration) by foreign powers and wealthy special interests, such that Race divisions now pose a clear and present danger to the nation and our democracy.Less
Every time we interact with another person, we draw unconsciously on a set of expectations to guide us through the encounter. What many of us in the United States—especially White people—do not recognize is that centuries of institutional racism have inescapably molded those expectations into taken-for-granted practices that reproduce the biases in our society. These practices can shape everything from how we greet our neighbors to whether we take a second look at a résumé. This is tacit racism, and it is one of the most pernicious threats to our nation. In this book we show how racism is coded into “everyday” expectations of social interaction, in what we call Interaction Orders of Race, in “tacit” taken-for-granted ways. This unconscious racism is coded into greeting and introductory sequences, perceptions of who can hold high status identities, and basic expectations about honesty, health and masculinity. We explore the Interaction Order expectations of Black Americans and their neighborhoods finding not only that social order among African Americans is different than for White Americans, but that it is more democratic. Because Race has been institutionalized in social expectations, acting on racism doesn’t require conscious intent: actions are racist if Race is coded into them. This tacit racism divides the nation, providing fertile ground for manipulation of issues associated with Race (e.g. healthcare, guns, voting rights and immigration) by foreign powers and wealthy special interests, such that Race divisions now pose a clear and present danger to the nation and our democracy.
Colleen M. Conway
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- March 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190945305
- eISBN:
- 9780190945343
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190945305.003.0005
- Subject:
- Music, Performing Practice/Studies
Chapter 5 begins with a discussion of the notion of emerging adulthood and provides examples of ways that music students display this development including through identity exploration, instability, ...
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Chapter 5 begins with a discussion of the notion of emerging adulthood and provides examples of ways that music students display this development including through identity exploration, instability, being self-focused, feeling “in between” and finally the “age of possibilities.” The chapter then examines techniques for facilitating inclusive classrooms including attention to terminology, gender, ethnicity and race, sexuality, language learning, and disabilities. Stories from music students and professors are provided throughout. The chapter concludes with discussion of music schools as spaces for the development of allyhood.Less
Chapter 5 begins with a discussion of the notion of emerging adulthood and provides examples of ways that music students display this development including through identity exploration, instability, being self-focused, feeling “in between” and finally the “age of possibilities.” The chapter then examines techniques for facilitating inclusive classrooms including attention to terminology, gender, ethnicity and race, sexuality, language learning, and disabilities. Stories from music students and professors are provided throughout. The chapter concludes with discussion of music schools as spaces for the development of allyhood.
Roberta Garner, Black Hawk Hancock, and Kenneth Fidel
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040597
- eISBN:
- 9780252099038
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040597.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
The chapter traces the dynamics of class and race-ethnicity in the Chicago metropolitan area, identifying persistent disparities and emergent features of stratification. The chapter begins with a ...
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The chapter traces the dynamics of class and race-ethnicity in the Chicago metropolitan area, identifying persistent disparities and emergent features of stratification. The chapter begins with a focus on the impact of de-industrialization and economic restructuring on African Americans whose disadvantaged position in terms of employment and education in the 20th century was exacerbated rather than mitigated by the decline of the “industrial city.” Immigrants occupy a wide range of class-positions, depending on country of origin and their education and class background in these countries. A major emerging phenomenon is the rise of a new white-collar working class of diverse ethno-racial backgrounds that has a blurred boundary with the “creative class.” A brief critique of public discourse about class and race closes the chapter.Less
The chapter traces the dynamics of class and race-ethnicity in the Chicago metropolitan area, identifying persistent disparities and emergent features of stratification. The chapter begins with a focus on the impact of de-industrialization and economic restructuring on African Americans whose disadvantaged position in terms of employment and education in the 20th century was exacerbated rather than mitigated by the decline of the “industrial city.” Immigrants occupy a wide range of class-positions, depending on country of origin and their education and class background in these countries. A major emerging phenomenon is the rise of a new white-collar working class of diverse ethno-racial backgrounds that has a blurred boundary with the “creative class.” A brief critique of public discourse about class and race closes the chapter.
Candyce Kroenke and Ichiro Kawachi
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190238667
- eISBN:
- 9780190238698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0009
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Public Health
The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cancer is complex, dynamic, and evolving. Associations depend on SES measures, cancer type, sociodemographic factors including race/ethnicity, ...
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The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cancer is complex, dynamic, and evolving. Associations depend on SES measures, cancer type, sociodemographic factors including race/ethnicity, and historical trends. However, socioeconomic disadvantage is often associated with a higher risk of cancer, particularly cancers diagnosed at a late stage, as well as worse prognosis once diagnosed. Research on secular trends over the past 70 years has shown reversals of the socioeconomic gradient for lung and colorectal cancer consistent with differential trends by SES in patterns of smoking, diet, and obesity. Rates of these cancers are now currently higher in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. SES is considered to be a “fundamental” determinant of health outcomes, and this appears true throughout the cancer spectrum—from cancer incidence to detection, treatment, and survival. Investigations over the past decade have increasingly considered the simultaneous impact of individual SES and area-level SES (as a contextual influence) on health outcomes.Less
The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cancer is complex, dynamic, and evolving. Associations depend on SES measures, cancer type, sociodemographic factors including race/ethnicity, and historical trends. However, socioeconomic disadvantage is often associated with a higher risk of cancer, particularly cancers diagnosed at a late stage, as well as worse prognosis once diagnosed. Research on secular trends over the past 70 years has shown reversals of the socioeconomic gradient for lung and colorectal cancer consistent with differential trends by SES in patterns of smoking, diet, and obesity. Rates of these cancers are now currently higher in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. SES is considered to be a “fundamental” determinant of health outcomes, and this appears true throughout the cancer spectrum—from cancer incidence to detection, treatment, and survival. Investigations over the past decade have increasingly considered the simultaneous impact of individual SES and area-level SES (as a contextual influence) on health outcomes.
Herzog Patricia
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190934507
- eISBN:
- 9780197503478
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190934507.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Chapter 6 addresses race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, religion, and other aspects of diversity that shape individual students’ expectations and experiences of college life. Some students find the ...
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Chapter 6 addresses race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, religion, and other aspects of diversity that shape individual students’ expectations and experiences of college life. Some students find the university to have greater diversity than their past experiences, while others come from more diverse settings than the university. Many students struggle for the first time to understand how they fit in and how to make sense of others’ attitudes, values, and perspectives. Students reflect on experiences with inclusion and exclusion during college and come to contextualize these experiences. Readers learn how to harness their identities as a personal strength, while also finding others who are similar enough to understand and support their perspective, values, or interests.Less
Chapter 6 addresses race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, religion, and other aspects of diversity that shape individual students’ expectations and experiences of college life. Some students find the university to have greater diversity than their past experiences, while others come from more diverse settings than the university. Many students struggle for the first time to understand how they fit in and how to make sense of others’ attitudes, values, and perspectives. Students reflect on experiences with inclusion and exclusion during college and come to contextualize these experiences. Readers learn how to harness their identities as a personal strength, while also finding others who are similar enough to understand and support their perspective, values, or interests.
