Erich H. Kisi and Christopher J. Howard
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198515944
- eISBN:
- 9780191705663
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515944.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This book covers the theory, practicalities, and the extensive applications of neutron powder diffraction in materials science, physics, chemistry, mineralogy, and engineering. Various highlight ...
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This book covers the theory, practicalities, and the extensive applications of neutron powder diffraction in materials science, physics, chemistry, mineralogy, and engineering. Various highlight applications of neutron powder diffraction are outlined in the introduction, then the theory is developed and instrumentation described sufficient for a return to the applications. The book covers the use of neutron powder diffraction in the solution (hard) and refinement (more straightforward) of crystal and magnetic structures, applications of powder diffraction in quantitative phase analysis, extraction of microstructural information from powder diffraction patterns, and the applications of neutron diffraction in studies of elastic properties and for the measurement of residual stress. Additional theory to underpin these various applications is developed as required.Less
This book covers the theory, practicalities, and the extensive applications of neutron powder diffraction in materials science, physics, chemistry, mineralogy, and engineering. Various highlight applications of neutron powder diffraction are outlined in the introduction, then the theory is developed and instrumentation described sufficient for a return to the applications. The book covers the use of neutron powder diffraction in the solution (hard) and refinement (more straightforward) of crystal and magnetic structures, applications of powder diffraction in quantitative phase analysis, extraction of microstructural information from powder diffraction patterns, and the applications of neutron diffraction in studies of elastic properties and for the measurement of residual stress. Additional theory to underpin these various applications is developed as required.
David Royse, Michele Staton‐Tindall, Karen Badger, and J. Matthew Webster
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195368789
- eISBN:
- 9780199863860
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:royes/9780195368789.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter discusses ways of analyzing and interpreting data collected for a needs assessment project based on the type of design that is selected. Analysis of qualitative data is also discussed ...
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This chapter discusses ways of analyzing and interpreting data collected for a needs assessment project based on the type of design that is selected. Analysis of qualitative data is also discussed for those who have used focus groups or questionnaires that have employed open-ended questions. Quantitative data analytic strategies include data editing and checking, frequencies and univariate analyses, and examination of variables two at a time. Qualitative data analyses include understanding and interpreting themes and patterns in the data and drawing conclusions. The chapter also highlights some published needs assessment articles which have used quantitative and qualitative analytic approaches.Less
This chapter discusses ways of analyzing and interpreting data collected for a needs assessment project based on the type of design that is selected. Analysis of qualitative data is also discussed for those who have used focus groups or questionnaires that have employed open-ended questions. Quantitative data analytic strategies include data editing and checking, frequencies and univariate analyses, and examination of variables two at a time. Qualitative data analyses include understanding and interpreting themes and patterns in the data and drawing conclusions. The chapter also highlights some published needs assessment articles which have used quantitative and qualitative analytic approaches.
Roger M. Barker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199576814
- eISBN:
- 9780191722509
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199576814.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business, Corporate Governance and Accountability
A panel data econometric analysis of corporate governance change is undertaken utilizing a data set of fifteen nonliberal market economies covering the period 1975–2003. The results of this analysis ...
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A panel data econometric analysis of corporate governance change is undertaken utilizing a data set of fifteen nonliberal market economies covering the period 1975–2003. The results of this analysis suggested that the interaction of partisanship and competition is a highly significant determinant of corporate governance change. In particular, significant shifts in a pro‐shareholder direction are associated with Left government – but not conservative government – in the context of high levels of competition. In contrast, neither Left nor conservative government is associated with corporate governance change in a low‐competition environment.Less
A panel data econometric analysis of corporate governance change is undertaken utilizing a data set of fifteen nonliberal market economies covering the period 1975–2003. The results of this analysis suggested that the interaction of partisanship and competition is a highly significant determinant of corporate governance change. In particular, significant shifts in a pro‐shareholder direction are associated with Left government – but not conservative government – in the context of high levels of competition. In contrast, neither Left nor conservative government is associated with corporate governance change in a low‐competition environment.
Dale C. Copeland
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691161587
- eISBN:
- 9781400852703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161587.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter explores the degree to which an expectations approach can help us make sense of the seemingly contradictory findings of the large-N quantitative research that has dominated the study of ...
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This chapter explores the degree to which an expectations approach can help us make sense of the seemingly contradictory findings of the large-N quantitative research that has dominated the study of interdependence and war over the last two decades. It also lays out a new approach to qualitative historical analysis for rare events research—one that minimizes the problems of selection bias and generalizability by covering the essential universe of cases for a chosen period of time. Additionally, the chapter discusses how qualitative research can help overcome the limitations of quantitative methods in the measuring of leader expectations about the future.Less
This chapter explores the degree to which an expectations approach can help us make sense of the seemingly contradictory findings of the large-N quantitative research that has dominated the study of interdependence and war over the last two decades. It also lays out a new approach to qualitative historical analysis for rare events research—one that minimizes the problems of selection bias and generalizability by covering the essential universe of cases for a chosen period of time. Additionally, the chapter discusses how qualitative research can help overcome the limitations of quantitative methods in the measuring of leader expectations about the future.
Erich H. Kisi and Christopher J. Howard
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198515944
- eISBN:
- 9780191705663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515944.003.0008
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
The intensities of the peaks in a powder diffraction pattern are shown to scale with the mass of contributing material. Thus, for a sample comprising several phases, the mass fractions of the ...
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The intensities of the peaks in a powder diffraction pattern are shown to scale with the mass of contributing material. Thus, for a sample comprising several phases, the mass fractions of the different phases can be obtained, at least in principle, from the ratios of intensities of peaks from different phases. Individual peak methods, such as the polymorph method, are described. There is a particularly simple connection between the mass of a phase and the corresponding scale factor as obtained in a multiphase Rietveld method analysis, and this is finding increasing application in quantitative phase analysis. The relative merits of X-rays and neutrons for phase analysis, analysis with or without standards, and the estimation of errors, are discussed. Applications to magnesia-partially stabilised zirconia (Mg-PSZ) and studies of the synthesis in situ of Ti3SiC2 are described in detail.Less
The intensities of the peaks in a powder diffraction pattern are shown to scale with the mass of contributing material. Thus, for a sample comprising several phases, the mass fractions of the different phases can be obtained, at least in principle, from the ratios of intensities of peaks from different phases. Individual peak methods, such as the polymorph method, are described. There is a particularly simple connection between the mass of a phase and the corresponding scale factor as obtained in a multiphase Rietveld method analysis, and this is finding increasing application in quantitative phase analysis. The relative merits of X-rays and neutrons for phase analysis, analysis with or without standards, and the estimation of errors, are discussed. Applications to magnesia-partially stabilised zirconia (Mg-PSZ) and studies of the synthesis in situ of Ti3SiC2 are described in detail.
Erica Bell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199549337
- eISBN:
- 9780191720635
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549337.003.05
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
In health and other disciplines there has been some questioning of the quali-quantitative polemic characterizing so much research practice in the last few decades. This chapter aims to suggest that ...
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In health and other disciplines there has been some questioning of the quali-quantitative polemic characterizing so much research practice in the last few decades. This chapter aims to suggest that the choices available to researchers for health policy are no longer about big quantitative studies of aggregated datasets versus small-N qualitative ‘narrative’ studies that rely on ‘discourse and persuasion’. It explores how Charles Ragin's writings can be used to better understand context in a hypothetical small-N community health prevention study.Less
In health and other disciplines there has been some questioning of the quali-quantitative polemic characterizing so much research practice in the last few decades. This chapter aims to suggest that the choices available to researchers for health policy are no longer about big quantitative studies of aggregated datasets versus small-N qualitative ‘narrative’ studies that rely on ‘discourse and persuasion’. It explores how Charles Ragin's writings can be used to better understand context in a hypothetical small-N community health prevention study.
Klaus Hentschel
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198509530
- eISBN:
- 9780191709050
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198509530.003.0008
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
Qualitative spectrum analysis was born in late 1859 through the cooperation of a first-class analytic chemist, Robert W. Bunsen, and a first-class physicist, Gustav R. Kirchhoff, in Heidelberg. Early ...
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Qualitative spectrum analysis was born in late 1859 through the cooperation of a first-class analytic chemist, Robert W. Bunsen, and a first-class physicist, Gustav R. Kirchhoff, in Heidelberg. Early spectrum maps displaying the fingerprints of the elements, especially alkaline and alkaline earth metals, are reproduced. The discovery of various new elements with this new analytic technique is also covered. The search for homologous spectra and the efforts to decipher the structures in series spectra, band spectra and stellar spectra are dealt with. Johann Jakob Balmer's creative transfer of perspectival Gestalt-vision is analysed in depth on the basis of hitherto unpublished sources from his papers in Basel. Finally, the much less straightforward development of quantitative emission spectroscopy is documented, which only became feasible in the 20th century.Less
Qualitative spectrum analysis was born in late 1859 through the cooperation of a first-class analytic chemist, Robert W. Bunsen, and a first-class physicist, Gustav R. Kirchhoff, in Heidelberg. Early spectrum maps displaying the fingerprints of the elements, especially alkaline and alkaline earth metals, are reproduced. The discovery of various new elements with this new analytic technique is also covered. The search for homologous spectra and the efforts to decipher the structures in series spectra, band spectra and stellar spectra are dealt with. Johann Jakob Balmer's creative transfer of perspectival Gestalt-vision is analysed in depth on the basis of hitherto unpublished sources from his papers in Basel. Finally, the much less straightforward development of quantitative emission spectroscopy is documented, which only became feasible in the 20th century.
HeeMin Kim
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813129945
- eISBN:
- 9780813135748
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813129945.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
As Asian countries emerge as global economic powers, many undergo fundamental political transformations. This book evaluates the past thirty years of political change in South Korea, including the ...
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As Asian countries emerge as global economic powers, many undergo fundamental political transformations. This book evaluates the past thirty years of political change in South Korea, including the decision of the authoritarian government to open up the political process in 1987 and the presidential impeachment of 2004. The book uses rational choice theory—which holds that individuals choose to act in ways that they think will give them the most benefit for the least cost—to explain events central to South Korea's democratization process. The book's theoretical and quantitative analysis provides a context for South Korea's remarkable transformation and offers predictions of what the future may hold for developing nations undergoing similar transitions. Combining theoretical perspectives with a policy-relevant discussion, this study sheds new light on the Korean model of democratization and makes a significant contribution to the field of comparative politics.Less
As Asian countries emerge as global economic powers, many undergo fundamental political transformations. This book evaluates the past thirty years of political change in South Korea, including the decision of the authoritarian government to open up the political process in 1987 and the presidential impeachment of 2004. The book uses rational choice theory—which holds that individuals choose to act in ways that they think will give them the most benefit for the least cost—to explain events central to South Korea's democratization process. The book's theoretical and quantitative analysis provides a context for South Korea's remarkable transformation and offers predictions of what the future may hold for developing nations undergoing similar transitions. Combining theoretical perspectives with a policy-relevant discussion, this study sheds new light on the Korean model of democratization and makes a significant contribution to the field of comparative politics.
Carl P. Cosaert
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199566365
- eISBN:
- 9780191740985
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566365.003.0022
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This chapter presents a summary of the latest methodological advances in quantitative and group profile analysis to the text of the Gospels used by Clement, an early Alexandrian father who lived in ...
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This chapter presents a summary of the latest methodological advances in quantitative and group profile analysis to the text of the Gospels used by Clement, an early Alexandrian father who lived in Egypt at the turn of the third century. The analysis indicates that the text of the Gospels was in a stage of transition at the end of the second century with two major textual streams present: primary Alexandrian and Western. These two textual traditions, including a few ancient Byzantine readings, exerted varying levels of influence upon Clement’s text, resulting in an Alexandrian influence in John and Matthew and a stronger Western influence in Luke and Clement's citations of Mark 10. Although the Gospel text of later Alexandrian fathers would be clearly Alexandrian, Clement's text contains a number of significant textual relationships that indicate some sort of textual affinity existed between Clement and the later Alexandrian fathers.Less
This chapter presents a summary of the latest methodological advances in quantitative and group profile analysis to the text of the Gospels used by Clement, an early Alexandrian father who lived in Egypt at the turn of the third century. The analysis indicates that the text of the Gospels was in a stage of transition at the end of the second century with two major textual streams present: primary Alexandrian and Western. These two textual traditions, including a few ancient Byzantine readings, exerted varying levels of influence upon Clement’s text, resulting in an Alexandrian influence in John and Matthew and a stronger Western influence in Luke and Clement's citations of Mark 10. Although the Gospel text of later Alexandrian fathers would be clearly Alexandrian, Clement's text contains a number of significant textual relationships that indicate some sort of textual affinity existed between Clement and the later Alexandrian fathers.
Susan Hockey
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198711940
- eISBN:
- 9780191694912
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198711940.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter examines various procedures for authorship attribution. In particular, it looks at how quantitative analyses based on counts can be used. Such stylometric analyses can serve two main ...
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This chapter examines various procedures for authorship attribution. In particular, it looks at how quantitative analyses based on counts can be used. Such stylometric analyses can serve two main purposes, both of which would otherwise be very difficult to tackle in any systematic way. First, they can build an overall picture of a collection of material from the occurrences of certain features. Second, they can provide concrete evidence to support or refute a hypothesis about the material. Comparative studies based on quantitative and statistical analyses make it possible to determine whether the usage of some feature or set of features is significant and have provided much new evidence in some well-known cases of disputed authorship.Less
This chapter examines various procedures for authorship attribution. In particular, it looks at how quantitative analyses based on counts can be used. Such stylometric analyses can serve two main purposes, both of which would otherwise be very difficult to tackle in any systematic way. First, they can build an overall picture of a collection of material from the occurrences of certain features. Second, they can provide concrete evidence to support or refute a hypothesis about the material. Comparative studies based on quantitative and statistical analyses make it possible to determine whether the usage of some feature or set of features is significant and have provided much new evidence in some well-known cases of disputed authorship.
Heike Klüver
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199657445
- eISBN:
- 9780191751479
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199657445.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Why can some interest groups influence policy-making while others cannot? Even though this question is central to the study of politics, we know little about the factors explaining interest group ...
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Why can some interest groups influence policy-making while others cannot? Even though this question is central to the study of politics, we know little about the factors explaining interest group influence. Understanding lobbying success should be of particular concern to scholars of European politics since the European Union constitutes a promising political opportunity structure for organized interests. This book sheds light on the impact of interest groups on European policy-making and makes a major contribution to the study of both European Union politics and interest groups more generally. Klüver develops a comprehensive theoretical model for understanding lobbying success and presents an extensive empirical analysis of interest group influence on policy-making in the EU. The book relies on a large, new, and innovative dataset that combines a wide variety of data sources including a quantitative text analysis of European Commission consultations, an online survey of interest groups, information gathered on interest group websites, and legislative data retrieved from EU databases. This book analyzes interest group influence across 56 policy issues and 2,696 interest groups and shows that lobbying is an exchange relationship in which the European institutions trade influence for information, citizen support, and economic power. Importantly, this book demonstrates that it is not sufficient to solely focus on individual interest groups, but that it is crucial how interest groups come together in issue-specific lobbying coalitions. Lobbying is a collective enterprise in which information supply, citizen support, and economic power of entire lobbying coalitions are decisive for lobbying success.Less
Why can some interest groups influence policy-making while others cannot? Even though this question is central to the study of politics, we know little about the factors explaining interest group influence. Understanding lobbying success should be of particular concern to scholars of European politics since the European Union constitutes a promising political opportunity structure for organized interests. This book sheds light on the impact of interest groups on European policy-making and makes a major contribution to the study of both European Union politics and interest groups more generally. Klüver develops a comprehensive theoretical model for understanding lobbying success and presents an extensive empirical analysis of interest group influence on policy-making in the EU. The book relies on a large, new, and innovative dataset that combines a wide variety of data sources including a quantitative text analysis of European Commission consultations, an online survey of interest groups, information gathered on interest group websites, and legislative data retrieved from EU databases. This book analyzes interest group influence across 56 policy issues and 2,696 interest groups and shows that lobbying is an exchange relationship in which the European institutions trade influence for information, citizen support, and economic power. Importantly, this book demonstrates that it is not sufficient to solely focus on individual interest groups, but that it is crucial how interest groups come together in issue-specific lobbying coalitions. Lobbying is a collective enterprise in which information supply, citizen support, and economic power of entire lobbying coalitions are decisive for lobbying success.
Scott Orford and Brian Webb
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447337904
- eISBN:
- 9781447337959
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447337904.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter discusses the potential use of GIS in social policy analysis. It describes the advantages of GIS as an approach to social policy enquiry and provides a number of extant examples from a ...
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This chapter discusses the potential use of GIS in social policy analysis. It describes the advantages of GIS as an approach to social policy enquiry and provides a number of extant examples from a variety of policy fields. Although it is typically thought of as a quantitative method, the chapter also emphasises more recent qualitative uses of GIS. The chapter addresses some of the barriers to the use of GIS in social policy and how these can be overcome. The chapter concludes with an overview of how recent innovations in GIS and the availability of social data can have a positive impact on the use of GIS in the field of social policy.Less
This chapter discusses the potential use of GIS in social policy analysis. It describes the advantages of GIS as an approach to social policy enquiry and provides a number of extant examples from a variety of policy fields. Although it is typically thought of as a quantitative method, the chapter also emphasises more recent qualitative uses of GIS. The chapter addresses some of the barriers to the use of GIS in social policy and how these can be overcome. The chapter concludes with an overview of how recent innovations in GIS and the availability of social data can have a positive impact on the use of GIS in the field of social policy.
John Evans
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199219469
- eISBN:
- 9780191722516
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199219469.003.0017
- Subject:
- Physics, Crystallography: Physics
Powder diffraction is complementary to the book's main technique of single-crystal diffraction; it can provide a check on purity and homogeneity of samples, and may be the only possible approach for ...
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Powder diffraction is complementary to the book's main technique of single-crystal diffraction; it can provide a check on purity and homogeneity of samples, and may be the only possible approach for some materials. The two methods are compared. The main limitation in powder diffraction is the one-dimensional nature of the data. Many variants are possible for the basic powder diffraction experiment: data may be measured in reflection or transmission mode, with monochromatic radiation and angle scanning, or with an energy-dispersive arrangement, and there are different kinds of detector available. Careful corrections for various effects are necessary for high accuracy. A powder diffraction pattern may be used for phase identification, qualitative and quantitative analysis of mixtures, information on grain size, strain, and preferred orientation. Reflection indexing and intensity profile measurement can lead to structure solution and refinement by Rietveld methods. Powder diffraction is well suited to non-ambient studies (temperature and pressure).Less
Powder diffraction is complementary to the book's main technique of single-crystal diffraction; it can provide a check on purity and homogeneity of samples, and may be the only possible approach for some materials. The two methods are compared. The main limitation in powder diffraction is the one-dimensional nature of the data. Many variants are possible for the basic powder diffraction experiment: data may be measured in reflection or transmission mode, with monochromatic radiation and angle scanning, or with an energy-dispersive arrangement, and there are different kinds of detector available. Careful corrections for various effects are necessary for high accuracy. A powder diffraction pattern may be used for phase identification, qualitative and quantitative analysis of mixtures, information on grain size, strain, and preferred orientation. Reflection indexing and intensity profile measurement can lead to structure solution and refinement by Rietveld methods. Powder diffraction is well suited to non-ambient studies (temperature and pressure).
Michael B. Morrissey, Pierre de Villemereuil, Blandine Doligez, and Olivier Gimenez
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199674237
- eISBN:
- 9780191779275
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674237.003.0014
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics, Ecology
Bayesian statistics provides a flexible set of tools for analysis of empirical data. This chapter focuses primarily on how flexible Bayesian tools, especially Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) ...
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Bayesian statistics provides a flexible set of tools for analysis of empirical data. This chapter focuses primarily on how flexible Bayesian tools, especially Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, are particularly amenable to statistical inference of quantitative genetic parameters in the wild. First, this chapter takes a practical tour of a simple quantitative genetic analysis—estimation of a heritability—by setting up quantitative genetic models in the BUGS statistical programming language. No prior familiarity with the particular software is necessary, and following these analyses through should go some way to demystifying some aspects of ‘what goes on under the hood’. This chapter then discusses three ways in which the flexibility of Bayesian tools can be used to make quantitative genetic inferences of complex data from natural populations. These examples in no way provide a comprehensive list of ways that Bayesian methods can contribute to wild quantitative genetics, but together serve to outline a range of the benefits afforded.Less
Bayesian statistics provides a flexible set of tools for analysis of empirical data. This chapter focuses primarily on how flexible Bayesian tools, especially Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, are particularly amenable to statistical inference of quantitative genetic parameters in the wild. First, this chapter takes a practical tour of a simple quantitative genetic analysis—estimation of a heritability—by setting up quantitative genetic models in the BUGS statistical programming language. No prior familiarity with the particular software is necessary, and following these analyses through should go some way to demystifying some aspects of ‘what goes on under the hood’. This chapter then discusses three ways in which the flexibility of Bayesian tools can be used to make quantitative genetic inferences of complex data from natural populations. These examples in no way provide a comprehensive list of ways that Bayesian methods can contribute to wild quantitative genetics, but together serve to outline a range of the benefits afforded.
Richard W. Blob and Catherine Badgley
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226723709
- eISBN:
- 9780226723730
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226723730.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter discusses several kinds of quantitative analysis of bonebed assemblages in relation to particular research questions, first reviewing protocols for counting specimens recovered from ...
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This chapter discusses several kinds of quantitative analysis of bonebed assemblages in relation to particular research questions, first reviewing protocols for counting specimens recovered from bonebeds, a crucial initial step that lays the foundation for further analyses. Second, it considers the evaluation of taphonomic equivalence among bonebeds, a consideration that is crucial for comparisons of faunal counts among fossil localities, and third, discusses comparisons of species richness among localities, particularly with respect to sampling intensity. Fourth, the chapter assesses approaches for estimating taxonomic abundance in ancient ecosystems based on species abundances in fossil assemblages. Finally, it looks at several techniques for the quantitative analysis of changes in lineages and faunas among fossil bonebeds, illustrating all of the quantitative methods presented with case studies.Less
This chapter discusses several kinds of quantitative analysis of bonebed assemblages in relation to particular research questions, first reviewing protocols for counting specimens recovered from bonebeds, a crucial initial step that lays the foundation for further analyses. Second, it considers the evaluation of taphonomic equivalence among bonebeds, a consideration that is crucial for comparisons of faunal counts among fossil localities, and third, discusses comparisons of species richness among localities, particularly with respect to sampling intensity. Fourth, the chapter assesses approaches for estimating taxonomic abundance in ancient ecosystems based on species abundances in fossil assemblages. Finally, it looks at several techniques for the quantitative analysis of changes in lineages and faunas among fossil bonebeds, illustrating all of the quantitative methods presented with case studies.
Daniel P. Aldrich
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226638263
- eISBN:
- 9780226638577
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226638577.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Japan's triple disasters - earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear meltdown- on March 11 2011 took more than 18,400 lives and caused $235 billion in damage across the Tohoku region. This book tackles ...
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Japan's triple disasters - earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear meltdown- on March 11 2011 took more than 18,400 lives and caused $235 billion in damage across the Tohoku region. This book tackles several pressing mysteries about the catastrophes, including how more than 96% of the residents of inundated areas survived despite 60-foot waves. Further, mortality rates varied tremendously from town to town in the region, with some communities losing one in ten residents to the disaster and others having no casualties. So too in the recovery process, rates of return and rebuilding have not moved in lockstep across Tohoku. Where some communities have rebounded and even gained population, others have lagged behind. Some observers have been content to explain the 3/11 crises and recovery in terms of culture. Moving beyond that narrow lens, Black Wave looks at multiple levels of recovery - individual, town, regional, national, and international - with a focus on connections and governance. Drawing on years of field work, extensive interviews, hundreds of surveys, and quantitative and qualitative analyses, this book illuminates the ways that social ties and the quality of political guidance and leadership influenced survival and recovery after one of the worst compounded disasters in memory.Less
Japan's triple disasters - earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear meltdown- on March 11 2011 took more than 18,400 lives and caused $235 billion in damage across the Tohoku region. This book tackles several pressing mysteries about the catastrophes, including how more than 96% of the residents of inundated areas survived despite 60-foot waves. Further, mortality rates varied tremendously from town to town in the region, with some communities losing one in ten residents to the disaster and others having no casualties. So too in the recovery process, rates of return and rebuilding have not moved in lockstep across Tohoku. Where some communities have rebounded and even gained population, others have lagged behind. Some observers have been content to explain the 3/11 crises and recovery in terms of culture. Moving beyond that narrow lens, Black Wave looks at multiple levels of recovery - individual, town, regional, national, and international - with a focus on connections and governance. Drawing on years of field work, extensive interviews, hundreds of surveys, and quantitative and qualitative analyses, this book illuminates the ways that social ties and the quality of political guidance and leadership influenced survival and recovery after one of the worst compounded disasters in memory.
D. Jeffrey Bingham and Billy R. Todd
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199566365
- eISBN:
- 9780191740985
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566365.003.0021
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
For centuries scholars have studied Irenaeus’s use of the New Testament text, particularly his use of the Gospels. These studies have agreed that the text Irenaeus used was most like that of the ...
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For centuries scholars have studied Irenaeus’s use of the New Testament text, particularly his use of the Gospels. These studies have agreed that the text Irenaeus used was most like that of the Western text type. This first study of Irenaeus’s use of the Gospels in over twenty years retests the findings of this history of scholarship and furthers this study by using quantitative analysis on nearly 350 variants in Irenaeus’ Gospel texts. Each of three Gospels, Matthew, Luke, and John, is individually analyzed and the results are compiled into an overall analysis of the Gospel texts. Conclusions are drawn on the overall text type of the text used by Irenaeus and the likely origin of that text.Less
For centuries scholars have studied Irenaeus’s use of the New Testament text, particularly his use of the Gospels. These studies have agreed that the text Irenaeus used was most like that of the Western text type. This first study of Irenaeus’s use of the Gospels in over twenty years retests the findings of this history of scholarship and furthers this study by using quantitative analysis on nearly 350 variants in Irenaeus’ Gospel texts. Each of three Gospels, Matthew, Luke, and John, is individually analyzed and the results are compiled into an overall analysis of the Gospel texts. Conclusions are drawn on the overall text type of the text used by Irenaeus and the likely origin of that text.
Heike Klüver
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199657445
- eISBN:
- 9780191751479
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199657445.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Chapter 3 presents a case study that introduces and tests a new measurement approach to interest group influence. The chapter starts by explaining the underlying conceptual approach which draws on ...
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Chapter 3 presents a case study that introduces and tests a new measurement approach to interest group influence. The chapter starts by explaining the underlying conceptual approach which draws on the comparison of interest group preferences and policy outputs. The chapter then presents a new measurement approach to policy positions of interest groups which uses quantitative text analysis to analyze consultations of the European Commission. Since this is a novel approach and text analysis has not been used in interest group research so far, the validity of this measurement approach is demonstrated by presenting a case study in which the results obtained by computerized text analysis are compared with traditional hand-coding. In the light of the findings of the case study, conclusions for the applicability of text analysis in interest group influence research in general and for measuring interest group influence in this book in particular are drawn.Less
Chapter 3 presents a case study that introduces and tests a new measurement approach to interest group influence. The chapter starts by explaining the underlying conceptual approach which draws on the comparison of interest group preferences and policy outputs. The chapter then presents a new measurement approach to policy positions of interest groups which uses quantitative text analysis to analyze consultations of the European Commission. Since this is a novel approach and text analysis has not been used in interest group research so far, the validity of this measurement approach is demonstrated by presenting a case study in which the results obtained by computerized text analysis are compared with traditional hand-coding. In the light of the findings of the case study, conclusions for the applicability of text analysis in interest group influence research in general and for measuring interest group influence in this book in particular are drawn.
Julia Round
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781496824455
- eISBN:
- 9781496824509
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496824455.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Comics Studies
This chapter explores Misty’s artistry and layout in more detail, using close analysis of a randomized sample of ten issues. It performs quantitative analysis, noting the appearance of page features ...
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This chapter explores Misty’s artistry and layout in more detail, using close analysis of a randomized sample of ten issues. It performs quantitative analysis, noting the appearance of page features such as borders, tiers, panel shapes, and so forth. Its aims are to (1) explore the use of artistic layout in Misty; (2) investigate the sufficiency and usefulness of existing comics theorists’ taxonomies of page layouts; and (3) consider the usefulness of Gothic theory in understanding aspects of page layout. It finds that Misty’s stories play with aesthetic and medium by using dramatic layouts and non-standard panelling. The pages seldom adhere to standard models taken from established comics theory (Groensteen, Peeters, Cohn) such as grids, tiers and so forth. They do however fit well with definitions of Gothic aesthetic (Farber, Spoonre) such as exaggerated shadows/chiaroscuro; distorted proportions; skewed angles; asymmetry; baroque or intricate ornamentation; and motifs of age or decay.Less
This chapter explores Misty’s artistry and layout in more detail, using close analysis of a randomized sample of ten issues. It performs quantitative analysis, noting the appearance of page features such as borders, tiers, panel shapes, and so forth. Its aims are to (1) explore the use of artistic layout in Misty; (2) investigate the sufficiency and usefulness of existing comics theorists’ taxonomies of page layouts; and (3) consider the usefulness of Gothic theory in understanding aspects of page layout. It finds that Misty’s stories play with aesthetic and medium by using dramatic layouts and non-standard panelling. The pages seldom adhere to standard models taken from established comics theory (Groensteen, Peeters, Cohn) such as grids, tiers and so forth. They do however fit well with definitions of Gothic aesthetic (Farber, Spoonre) such as exaggerated shadows/chiaroscuro; distorted proportions; skewed angles; asymmetry; baroque or intricate ornamentation; and motifs of age or decay.
Werner Goebl, Simon Dixon, and Emery Schubert
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199659647
- eISBN:
- 9780191771651
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659647.003.0013
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter introduces the reader to developing and state-of-the-art tools for measuring musical expressivity. It summarizes recent quantitative measurement and analysis techniques of three domains ...
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This chapter introduces the reader to developing and state-of-the-art tools for measuring musical expressivity. It summarizes recent quantitative measurement and analysis techniques of three domains of musical expressiveness: body motion, musical sound, and listeners’ continuous response to musical sound. It outlines computational methods to quantitatively assess expressive aspects of the body movements of the performing musicians, to extract expressive information from the musical sound itself, and to examine the perception of expressiveness through self-report continuous response methods. The chapter highlights the critical philosophical implications of making measurements of expressiveness, specifically in distinguishing between the measurement of physical aspects, such as motion and musical characteristics, and experiential aspects—the actual sensation of expressiveness experienced by the perceiver. The key philosophical point that unifies the chapter is that each of these aspects is understood through the world of ideas, definitions, and, most importantly, instruments for measuring physical and psychometric signals.Less
This chapter introduces the reader to developing and state-of-the-art tools for measuring musical expressivity. It summarizes recent quantitative measurement and analysis techniques of three domains of musical expressiveness: body motion, musical sound, and listeners’ continuous response to musical sound. It outlines computational methods to quantitatively assess expressive aspects of the body movements of the performing musicians, to extract expressive information from the musical sound itself, and to examine the perception of expressiveness through self-report continuous response methods. The chapter highlights the critical philosophical implications of making measurements of expressiveness, specifically in distinguishing between the measurement of physical aspects, such as motion and musical characteristics, and experiential aspects—the actual sensation of expressiveness experienced by the perceiver. The key philosophical point that unifies the chapter is that each of these aspects is understood through the world of ideas, definitions, and, most importantly, instruments for measuring physical and psychometric signals.
