Josh Whitford
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199286010
- eISBN:
- 9780191713903
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286010.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
This chapter argues that the Wisconsin Manufacturers' Development Consortium (WMDC) — a consortium of seven OEMs that formed in 1998 to work jointly with the state's manufacturing modernization ...
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This chapter argues that the Wisconsin Manufacturers' Development Consortium (WMDC) — a consortium of seven OEMs that formed in 1998 to work jointly with the state's manufacturing modernization service to provide training to suppliers — is suggestive of the sorts of public-private institution building that can both enhance supplier performance and proactively encourage greater collaboration between OEMs and their suppliers. The structure and evolution of this policy experiment show that it is both possible and useful to leverage and strengthen existing partial collaboration between OEMs and suppliers through the construction of CME-style institutions premised on substantial business coordinating capacity.Less
This chapter argues that the Wisconsin Manufacturers' Development Consortium (WMDC) — a consortium of seven OEMs that formed in 1998 to work jointly with the state's manufacturing modernization service to provide training to suppliers — is suggestive of the sorts of public-private institution building that can both enhance supplier performance and proactively encourage greater collaboration between OEMs and their suppliers. The structure and evolution of this policy experiment show that it is both possible and useful to leverage and strengthen existing partial collaboration between OEMs and suppliers through the construction of CME-style institutions premised on substantial business coordinating capacity.
Avigail Eisenberg
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199291304
- eISBN:
- 9780191710704
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199291304.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Theory
The current legal and political context is perhaps more congenial than ever before to considering claims made by minorities for the protection of some aspect of their identity. This book argues that ...
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The current legal and political context is perhaps more congenial than ever before to considering claims made by minorities for the protection of some aspect of their identity. This book argues that multicultural societies depend for their success on having courts and legislatures which are capable of assessing these identity claims in a fair and transparent manner. Identity claims appeal to distinctive and important features of an individual's or group's identity. Despite the ubiquity of identity claims before public institutions, how decision makers assess these claims and the identities of the groups which make them is only vaguely understood and mostly ignored in normative political theory and policy analysis. This book examines the key approaches used by national and international institutions to assessing the identity claims of religious, cultural, and Indigenous minorities today. It develops a normative guide to aid in the fair assessment of identity claims. The identity approach developed in the book is grounded on the requirement that public institutions must respect people's identities and that these institutions must have the capacity to reflect on their own unfair biases. The analysis identifies and responds to four important skeptical challenges to the public assessment of identity claims which include concerns about the incommensurability and questionable authenticity of identity claims, and about the risks of essentializing and domesticating the identities of the people who advance them. The approach developed in this book explains how decision makers can meet these challenges while engaging in a fair and transparent assessment of identity claims.Less
The current legal and political context is perhaps more congenial than ever before to considering claims made by minorities for the protection of some aspect of their identity. This book argues that multicultural societies depend for their success on having courts and legislatures which are capable of assessing these identity claims in a fair and transparent manner. Identity claims appeal to distinctive and important features of an individual's or group's identity. Despite the ubiquity of identity claims before public institutions, how decision makers assess these claims and the identities of the groups which make them is only vaguely understood and mostly ignored in normative political theory and policy analysis. This book examines the key approaches used by national and international institutions to assessing the identity claims of religious, cultural, and Indigenous minorities today. It develops a normative guide to aid in the fair assessment of identity claims. The identity approach developed in the book is grounded on the requirement that public institutions must respect people's identities and that these institutions must have the capacity to reflect on their own unfair biases. The analysis identifies and responds to four important skeptical challenges to the public assessment of identity claims which include concerns about the incommensurability and questionable authenticity of identity claims, and about the risks of essentializing and domesticating the identities of the people who advance them. The approach developed in this book explains how decision makers can meet these challenges while engaging in a fair and transparent assessment of identity claims.
Glyn Davis and Geoff Sharrock
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199562992
- eISBN:
- 9780191701856
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562992.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Democratic states distribute authority among public institutions chartered to balance the interests of citizens and protect them against the excesses of more powerful social actors, including the ...
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Democratic states distribute authority among public institutions chartered to balance the interests of citizens and protect them against the excesses of more powerful social actors, including the state itself. Democracies assume an active civil sphere where public organizations can emerge to represent sectoral interests by advocating policy that may differ from that administered by state authorities. This wide dispersal of administrative and representative authority across public institutions and community, professional, industry, media, and other non-government organizations is a feature of democracies. Collectively they inform, enable, and constrain the operation of executive government, and support a wide range of voices in pursuit of the self-guiding society. This chapter argues that university leadership is best understood as a portfolio of tasks performed on behalf of an institutional community devoted to an evolving set of public purposes, framed by a long tradition, and required to respond to competing demands from within and without.Less
Democratic states distribute authority among public institutions chartered to balance the interests of citizens and protect them against the excesses of more powerful social actors, including the state itself. Democracies assume an active civil sphere where public organizations can emerge to represent sectoral interests by advocating policy that may differ from that administered by state authorities. This wide dispersal of administrative and representative authority across public institutions and community, professional, industry, media, and other non-government organizations is a feature of democracies. Collectively they inform, enable, and constrain the operation of executive government, and support a wide range of voices in pursuit of the self-guiding society. This chapter argues that university leadership is best understood as a portfolio of tasks performed on behalf of an institutional community devoted to an evolving set of public purposes, framed by a long tradition, and required to respond to competing demands from within and without.
Pavlos Eleftheriadis
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199545285
- eISBN:
- 9780191719899
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199545285.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
Our generalizations about law, rights, and other ideas pertinent to law and legal reasoning seek to articulate an argument about how we can best justify our actions and intentions as they apply to ...
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Our generalizations about law, rights, and other ideas pertinent to law and legal reasoning seek to articulate an argument about how we can best justify our actions and intentions as they apply to legal institutions. This chapter shows that the subject matter of practical jurisprudence is not the individual actions of officials or others, but institutions under which officials and citizens have special duties. The creation of legal institutions is a matter of special moral duty. Such institutions are justified from the point of view of public reason: we draw a distinction between what is right for us, form the point of view of the totality of our personal ethical beliefs and the powers of our reasoning (as private justification), and what is acceptable from the point of view of public justification that can be shared with all. Legal interpretation is thus linked to the public legitimacy of institutions.Less
Our generalizations about law, rights, and other ideas pertinent to law and legal reasoning seek to articulate an argument about how we can best justify our actions and intentions as they apply to legal institutions. This chapter shows that the subject matter of practical jurisprudence is not the individual actions of officials or others, but institutions under which officials and citizens have special duties. The creation of legal institutions is a matter of special moral duty. Such institutions are justified from the point of view of public reason: we draw a distinction between what is right for us, form the point of view of the totality of our personal ethical beliefs and the powers of our reasoning (as private justification), and what is acceptable from the point of view of public justification that can be shared with all. Legal interpretation is thus linked to the public legitimacy of institutions.
Albert N. Link and John T. Scott
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199729685
- eISBN:
- 9780199894697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199729685.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
Government's role in the innovation process is discussed in this chapter from a theoretical perspective. Barriers to innovation and technology are enumerated within the context of market failure. ...
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Government's role in the innovation process is discussed in this chapter from a theoretical perspective. Barriers to innovation and technology are enumerated within the context of market failure. Finally, the role of public research institutions is discussed within the theoretical framework of market failure.Less
Government's role in the innovation process is discussed in this chapter from a theoretical perspective. Barriers to innovation and technology are enumerated within the context of market failure. Finally, the role of public research institutions is discussed within the theoretical framework of market failure.
Aryeh Neier
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691135151
- eISBN:
- 9781400841875
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691135151.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter looks at how, among those engaged in the promotion of human rights, there is general agreement that rights are an aspect of humanity. They are not dependent on such characteristics as ...
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This chapter looks at how, among those engaged in the promotion of human rights, there is general agreement that rights are an aspect of humanity. They are not dependent on such characteristics as race, nationality, or gender, nor do they depend on a person's presence within the territory of a particular political entity. Rights, most proponents agree, are ethical norms with a legal content that requires that they should be honored and enforced by public institutions. Some rights, it is generally conceded, may be temporarily abridged by the state because of exigent circumstances; others may never be violated, no matter the context or the purported justification. In the view of many of their proponents, the rights set forth in the Universal Declaration of Rights are indivisible.Less
This chapter looks at how, among those engaged in the promotion of human rights, there is general agreement that rights are an aspect of humanity. They are not dependent on such characteristics as race, nationality, or gender, nor do they depend on a person's presence within the territory of a particular political entity. Rights, most proponents agree, are ethical norms with a legal content that requires that they should be honored and enforced by public institutions. Some rights, it is generally conceded, may be temporarily abridged by the state because of exigent circumstances; others may never be violated, no matter the context or the purported justification. In the view of many of their proponents, the rights set forth in the Universal Declaration of Rights are indivisible.
Michael W. Dols and Diana E. Immisch
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202219
- eISBN:
- 9780191675218
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202219.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter examines the legal status of Islamic state in dealing with the menace of insanity. From the point of view of social welfare, the most striking fact about medieval Islamic societies was ...
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This chapter examines the legal status of Islamic state in dealing with the menace of insanity. From the point of view of social welfare, the most striking fact about medieval Islamic societies was the lack of public institutions and services for the poor and disabled. It lacked the basic juridical/political concepts of the state, municipality, and publicness. The term dawla in the medieval period did not have the modern meaning of a ‘state’ but rather a ‘dynasty’ or it referred to the Islamic world in general. Secondly, the city had no legal status, nor did the concept of a corporation exist in the medieval period that could define an urban collectivity or any association within it. In the absence of government responsibility for public welfare, direct personal charity was crucial, especially for the chronically sick such as the insane.Less
This chapter examines the legal status of Islamic state in dealing with the menace of insanity. From the point of view of social welfare, the most striking fact about medieval Islamic societies was the lack of public institutions and services for the poor and disabled. It lacked the basic juridical/political concepts of the state, municipality, and publicness. The term dawla in the medieval period did not have the modern meaning of a ‘state’ but rather a ‘dynasty’ or it referred to the Islamic world in general. Secondly, the city had no legal status, nor did the concept of a corporation exist in the medieval period that could define an urban collectivity or any association within it. In the absence of government responsibility for public welfare, direct personal charity was crucial, especially for the chronically sick such as the insane.
Neil MacCormick
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198267911
- eISBN:
- 9780191714832
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198267911.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
This chapter begins with a discussion of states, then proceeds to a consideration of constitutions as legal frameworks for states, then reflects on the institutions of public law set up by or under ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of states, then proceeds to a consideration of constitutions as legal frameworks for states, then reflects on the institutions of public law set up by or under constitutions. It presents some preliminary remarks on ‘Civil Society and the State’ followed by a brief interim conclusion on ‘Law as Institutional Normative Order’.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of states, then proceeds to a consideration of constitutions as legal frameworks for states, then reflects on the institutions of public law set up by or under constitutions. It presents some preliminary remarks on ‘Civil Society and the State’ followed by a brief interim conclusion on ‘Law as Institutional Normative Order’.
Stijn Oosterlynck and Pieter Cools
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447338444
- eISBN:
- 9781447338482
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447338444.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
To address unmet social needs and tackle complex societal challenges, social innovation initiatives often mobilise new actors, resources and/or approaches within specific fields of social action. ...
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To address unmet social needs and tackle complex societal challenges, social innovation initiatives often mobilise new actors, resources and/or approaches within specific fields of social action. Changing welfare mixes and the governance of various actors, instruments and resources are therefore key concerns for social innovation research. In this chapter, we analyse the changing welfare mixes in social innovation initiatives and their governance on the micro-level by looking at the networks of organisations and institutions behind these initiatives. We provide a descriptive analysis of the different welfare mixes of social innovation initiatives and their strategies and mode of governance and identify patterns and typologies in the governance of local social innovations. Particular attention is attributed to the role of public actors, resources and instruments. We use our empirical findings to assess the main tendencies on changing welfare mixes as identified in the scholarly literature.Less
To address unmet social needs and tackle complex societal challenges, social innovation initiatives often mobilise new actors, resources and/or approaches within specific fields of social action. Changing welfare mixes and the governance of various actors, instruments and resources are therefore key concerns for social innovation research. In this chapter, we analyse the changing welfare mixes in social innovation initiatives and their governance on the micro-level by looking at the networks of organisations and institutions behind these initiatives. We provide a descriptive analysis of the different welfare mixes of social innovation initiatives and their strategies and mode of governance and identify patterns and typologies in the governance of local social innovations. Particular attention is attributed to the role of public actors, resources and instruments. We use our empirical findings to assess the main tendencies on changing welfare mixes as identified in the scholarly literature.
Chiara Cordelli
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780691205755
- eISBN:
- 9780691211732
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691205755.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter focuses on the philanthropist as one kind of private actor. It argues that the philanthropist's duty to give should be understood neither as an imperfect duty of beneficence nor as a ...
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This chapter focuses on the philanthropist as one kind of private actor. It argues that the philanthropist's duty to give should be understood neither as an imperfect duty of beneficence nor as a conclusive duty of justice, but rather as a transitional and provisional duty of reparative justice in contemporary societies. It also explains a duty that is “transitional,” as it should eventually be taken over by public institutions, or “provisional,” for in the absence of just institutions its fulfilment is simultaneously demanded by individual independence. The chapter explains why the duty is “reparative” as it is grounded on the wealthy's liability for wrongful harm to the poor. It discusses the funding of justice through private philanthropy and the provision of justice through private organizations.Less
This chapter focuses on the philanthropist as one kind of private actor. It argues that the philanthropist's duty to give should be understood neither as an imperfect duty of beneficence nor as a conclusive duty of justice, but rather as a transitional and provisional duty of reparative justice in contemporary societies. It also explains a duty that is “transitional,” as it should eventually be taken over by public institutions, or “provisional,” for in the absence of just institutions its fulfilment is simultaneously demanded by individual independence. The chapter explains why the duty is “reparative” as it is grounded on the wealthy's liability for wrongful harm to the poor. It discusses the funding of justice through private philanthropy and the provision of justice through private organizations.
Manjari Katju
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198084952
- eISBN:
- 9780199082414
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198084952.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter examines research and writings about the Constitution and state institutions in India. It explains that while a large number of studies have focused on the politics of democratic ...
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This chapter examines research and writings about the Constitution and state institutions in India. It explains that while a large number of studies have focused on the politics of democratic assertion, very little work has been devoted to the role played by public institutions in the democratization process. The analysis reveals the success of the Constitution in overcoming challenges by taking all sections of Indian society on board in governing the country. It also highlights the effectiveness of the mechanisms of checks and balances of state institutions.Less
This chapter examines research and writings about the Constitution and state institutions in India. It explains that while a large number of studies have focused on the politics of democratic assertion, very little work has been devoted to the role played by public institutions in the democratization process. The analysis reveals the success of the Constitution in overcoming challenges by taking all sections of Indian society on board in governing the country. It also highlights the effectiveness of the mechanisms of checks and balances of state institutions.
Reinoud Leenders
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451003
- eISBN:
- 9780801465871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451003.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
This chapter focuses on public institutions that were prone to political corruption in postwar Lebanon, with particular emphasis on how the administrative structures of these institutions compare to ...
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This chapter focuses on public institutions that were prone to political corruption in postwar Lebanon, with particular emphasis on how the administrative structures of these institutions compare to the essential features of bureaucratic organization. It considers three broad types of institutions: institutions established before 1975 that disintegrated during the war, and after 1990 were subjected to various reforms or rehabilitation efforts; institutions that were created after the war for purposes not directly related to reconstruction; and institutions that were established to spearhead the country's rebuilding program in the wake of war-inflicted destruction. These include the Ministry of Health, the Middle East Airlines, the Council for Development and Reconstruction, the real estate company for the Beirut Central District, and the Ministry and Fund for the Displaced. The chapter argues that high levels of corruption occurred in institutions whose administrative structures were at odds with the characteristics of bureaucratic organization.Less
This chapter focuses on public institutions that were prone to political corruption in postwar Lebanon, with particular emphasis on how the administrative structures of these institutions compare to the essential features of bureaucratic organization. It considers three broad types of institutions: institutions established before 1975 that disintegrated during the war, and after 1990 were subjected to various reforms or rehabilitation efforts; institutions that were created after the war for purposes not directly related to reconstruction; and institutions that were established to spearhead the country's rebuilding program in the wake of war-inflicted destruction. These include the Ministry of Health, the Middle East Airlines, the Council for Development and Reconstruction, the real estate company for the Beirut Central District, and the Ministry and Fund for the Displaced. The chapter argues that high levels of corruption occurred in institutions whose administrative structures were at odds with the characteristics of bureaucratic organization.
Jasper Bos, Onno Schellekens, and Arie de Groot
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199237401
- eISBN:
- 9780191723957
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199237401.003.0045
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Public-private partnerships for healthcare have recently attracted great interest as a tool to achieve improvements in efficiency, consumer choice, and accessibility to healthcare. This chapter ...
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Public-private partnerships for healthcare have recently attracted great interest as a tool to achieve improvements in efficiency, consumer choice, and accessibility to healthcare. This chapter covers both practical and theoretical implications of public-private partnerships. First, it starts with a theoretical explanation of the reasons why public and private institutions engage in partnerships. Next, the chapter provides an overview of a number of influential multinational public-private partnerships for HIV. The remainder of this chapter draws attention to the potential role that local public-private partnerships could play in the creation of a strengthened, sustainable health infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa.Less
Public-private partnerships for healthcare have recently attracted great interest as a tool to achieve improvements in efficiency, consumer choice, and accessibility to healthcare. This chapter covers both practical and theoretical implications of public-private partnerships. First, it starts with a theoretical explanation of the reasons why public and private institutions engage in partnerships. Next, the chapter provides an overview of a number of influential multinational public-private partnerships for HIV. The remainder of this chapter draws attention to the potential role that local public-private partnerships could play in the creation of a strengthened, sustainable health infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa.
Cynthia M. Horne
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198793328
- eISBN:
- 9780191835186
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198793328.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter examines the conditions under which lustration and truth commissions affected trust in targeted public institutions, such as the judiciary, the parliament, the police, and political ...
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This chapter examines the conditions under which lustration and truth commissions affected trust in targeted public institutions, such as the judiciary, the parliament, the police, and political parties, or composites of institutions, such as oversight institutions or elected institutions. I find strong and consistent relationships between lustration and political trust, except for the most highly politicized public institutions. More extensive and compulsory programs were associated with the largest trust-building effects. Truth commissions were not associated with political trust-building. This chapter also demonstrates that delayed reforms were more effective than reforms initiated right after the transition for most of the institutions, except for highly politicized institutions. This runs contrary to assumptions about the necessity of starting reforms immediately after the transition or not at all. The chapter presents the paired cases of Bulgaria and Romania and illustrates the possibilities for public disclosure programs to effect lustration-like reforms.Less
This chapter examines the conditions under which lustration and truth commissions affected trust in targeted public institutions, such as the judiciary, the parliament, the police, and political parties, or composites of institutions, such as oversight institutions or elected institutions. I find strong and consistent relationships between lustration and political trust, except for the most highly politicized public institutions. More extensive and compulsory programs were associated with the largest trust-building effects. Truth commissions were not associated with political trust-building. This chapter also demonstrates that delayed reforms were more effective than reforms initiated right after the transition for most of the institutions, except for highly politicized institutions. This runs contrary to assumptions about the necessity of starting reforms immediately after the transition or not at all. The chapter presents the paired cases of Bulgaria and Romania and illustrates the possibilities for public disclosure programs to effect lustration-like reforms.
Lisa Levenstein
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807832721
- eISBN:
- 9781469605883
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807889985_levenstein.4
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This introductory begins by discussing African American women's interactions with public institutions, which played a key role in the so-called “origins of the urban crisis”: the growing ...
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This introductory begins by discussing African American women's interactions with public institutions, which played a key role in the so-called “origins of the urban crisis”: the growing concentration of poverty among African Americans in postwar cities. It then sets out the book's purpose, which is to explore the gendered construction of racialized poverty in postwar Philadelphia by examining the experiences, perspectives, and actions of African American women who sought assistance from the city's public institutions. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.Less
This introductory begins by discussing African American women's interactions with public institutions, which played a key role in the so-called “origins of the urban crisis”: the growing concentration of poverty among African Americans in postwar cities. It then sets out the book's purpose, which is to explore the gendered construction of racialized poverty in postwar Philadelphia by examining the experiences, perspectives, and actions of African American women who sought assistance from the city's public institutions. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
Taco Terpstra
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691172088
- eISBN:
- 9780691189703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691172088.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter discusses the trade diaspora, an institution that was all but obligatory for regular, long-distance trade in the absence of third-party enforcement. Traders could do business in a ...
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This chapter discusses the trade diaspora, an institution that was all but obligatory for regular, long-distance trade in the absence of third-party enforcement. Traders could do business in a foreign community because people from their homeland had moved there permanently and could vouch for them. If a promise to pay or deliver according to agreement was not fulfilled, foreign settlers could be held accountable for any debt of their fellow citizens. All members of a diaspora network—itinerant and stationary alike—ultimately faced expulsion if they behaved opportunistically. The chapter then focuses on a single diaspora: the Phoenician. Because of their centuries-long Mediterranean mercantile tradition, one can trace their interaction with public institutions through much of Greco-Roman history.Less
This chapter discusses the trade diaspora, an institution that was all but obligatory for regular, long-distance trade in the absence of third-party enforcement. Traders could do business in a foreign community because people from their homeland had moved there permanently and could vouch for them. If a promise to pay or deliver according to agreement was not fulfilled, foreign settlers could be held accountable for any debt of their fellow citizens. All members of a diaspora network—itinerant and stationary alike—ultimately faced expulsion if they behaved opportunistically. The chapter then focuses on a single diaspora: the Phoenician. Because of their centuries-long Mediterranean mercantile tradition, one can trace their interaction with public institutions through much of Greco-Roman history.
Reinoud Leenders
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451003
- eISBN:
- 9780801465871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451003.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
This book examines the extent and causes of political corruption in postwar Lebanon. Drawing on research on comparative corruption, bribery, rent-seeking, and crony capitalism, primarily in less ...
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This book examines the extent and causes of political corruption in postwar Lebanon. Drawing on research on comparative corruption, bribery, rent-seeking, and crony capitalism, primarily in less developed countries (LDCs), the book considers high political corruption—that is, forms of corruption occurring at the top of the state's bureaucracy and its agencies (for example, among ministers, directors-general, and other senior officials) rather than those that occur at lower echelons of state bureaucracies. It also explores various manifestations of corruption, from bid rigging and influence peddling to collusion, extortion, theft of public funds, nepotism, and outright bribery. It argues that corruption in postwar Lebanon has been rampant and attributes it mainly to the high degree to which public institutions diverged from the criteria of bureaucratic organization. In turn, the limited extent to which corruption-prone public institutions in postwar Lebanon met these criteria can be blamed on the debilitating nature of the political settlement that has been evolving since the early 1990s.Less
This book examines the extent and causes of political corruption in postwar Lebanon. Drawing on research on comparative corruption, bribery, rent-seeking, and crony capitalism, primarily in less developed countries (LDCs), the book considers high political corruption—that is, forms of corruption occurring at the top of the state's bureaucracy and its agencies (for example, among ministers, directors-general, and other senior officials) rather than those that occur at lower echelons of state bureaucracies. It also explores various manifestations of corruption, from bid rigging and influence peddling to collusion, extortion, theft of public funds, nepotism, and outright bribery. It argues that corruption in postwar Lebanon has been rampant and attributes it mainly to the high degree to which public institutions diverged from the criteria of bureaucratic organization. In turn, the limited extent to which corruption-prone public institutions in postwar Lebanon met these criteria can be blamed on the debilitating nature of the political settlement that has been evolving since the early 1990s.
Danny M. Adkison and Lisa McNair Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197514818
- eISBN:
- 9780197514849
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197514818.003.0029
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter addresses Article XXI of the Oklahoma constitution, which concerns public institutions. Section 1 provides that “educational, reformatory, and penal institutions and those for the ...
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This chapter addresses Article XXI of the Oklahoma constitution, which concerns public institutions. Section 1 provides that “educational, reformatory, and penal institutions and those for the benefit of the insane, blind, deaf, and mute, and such other institutions as the public good may require, shall be established and supported by the State in such manner as may be prescribed by law.” This section allows the legislature to provide for certain citizens as an act of public goodwill, and perhaps as a requirement of other constitutional provisions. For instance, this section has been important in defining rights such as the provision of interpreters for deaf mutes in criminal prosecutions, failure to educate, law libraries in prisons, school desegregation, and prisoners’ rights. As a specific example, in Board of Commissioners of Logan County v. State (1927), the court decided that the state has a duty to establish hospitals for the insane and to support or sustain those hospitals.Less
This chapter addresses Article XXI of the Oklahoma constitution, which concerns public institutions. Section 1 provides that “educational, reformatory, and penal institutions and those for the benefit of the insane, blind, deaf, and mute, and such other institutions as the public good may require, shall be established and supported by the State in such manner as may be prescribed by law.” This section allows the legislature to provide for certain citizens as an act of public goodwill, and perhaps as a requirement of other constitutional provisions. For instance, this section has been important in defining rights such as the provision of interpreters for deaf mutes in criminal prosecutions, failure to educate, law libraries in prisons, school desegregation, and prisoners’ rights. As a specific example, in Board of Commissioners of Logan County v. State (1927), the court decided that the state has a duty to establish hospitals for the insane and to support or sustain those hospitals.
Born Georgina
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520202160
- eISBN:
- 9780520916845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520202160.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, European Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines the culture and status of the Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM) as an institution, explaining that IRCAM began as a public institution as the ...
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This chapter examines the culture and status of the Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM) as an institution, explaining that IRCAM began as a public institution as the music department of the Centre Georges Pompidou (CGP), and gained legal status as a semiautonomous private association with its own statutes in 1977. It also discusses IRCAM's organization, activities, population, and employment.Less
This chapter examines the culture and status of the Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM) as an institution, explaining that IRCAM began as a public institution as the music department of the Centre Georges Pompidou (CGP), and gained legal status as a semiautonomous private association with its own statutes in 1977. It also discusses IRCAM's organization, activities, population, and employment.
Nicola Miller
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780691176758
- eISBN:
- 9780691185835
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691176758.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter highlights public institutions, practical knowledge, and popular enlightenment as the prescription for a virtuous and prosperous community everywhere. It looks at periodicals of the ...
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This chapter highlights public institutions, practical knowledge, and popular enlightenment as the prescription for a virtuous and prosperous community everywhere. It looks at periodicals of the 1810s and 1820s that were full of artes, industrias y ciencias (arts and crafts, manufacturing industries, and scientific subjects) and conocimientos útiles (useful knowledge). It also cites that Buenos Aires presented a unique opportunity to create institutions of learning tailored to republican nation-building. The chapter reviews well-known political and economic difficulties of the half century after independence that played a major part in explaining why the founding ambitions to create a modern educational system were not realised during those years. It looks at the exchanges between Cosme Argerich and Juan Crisóstomo Lafinur, which underlines the epistemological crisis created by the wars of independence and other varieties of crisis.Less
This chapter highlights public institutions, practical knowledge, and popular enlightenment as the prescription for a virtuous and prosperous community everywhere. It looks at periodicals of the 1810s and 1820s that were full of artes, industrias y ciencias (arts and crafts, manufacturing industries, and scientific subjects) and conocimientos útiles (useful knowledge). It also cites that Buenos Aires presented a unique opportunity to create institutions of learning tailored to republican nation-building. The chapter reviews well-known political and economic difficulties of the half century after independence that played a major part in explaining why the founding ambitions to create a modern educational system were not realised during those years. It looks at the exchanges between Cosme Argerich and Juan Crisóstomo Lafinur, which underlines the epistemological crisis created by the wars of independence and other varieties of crisis.
