Donald Maurice
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195156904
- eISBN:
- 9780199868339
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156904.003.0012
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter summarizes the contents of the book and attention is drawn to the appendixes in the book, which introduce many documents and correspondence previously unavailable in the public domain. ...
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This chapter summarizes the contents of the book and attention is drawn to the appendixes in the book, which introduce many documents and correspondence previously unavailable in the public domain. The issue of authenticity is addressed and it is suggested that in the future research in this study may assist a worthy craftsperson to produce a more authentic Bartók Viola Concerto, when the restrictions of copyright will allow the freedom of musical expression. It would require a composer thoroughly steeped in Bartók's compositional style and technique, who would dare to add both vertically and horizontally, to recompose, to revise, and to continue to refine the texture and orchestration until the result was consistently representative of Bartók at the height of his creative powers.Less
This chapter summarizes the contents of the book and attention is drawn to the appendixes in the book, which introduce many documents and correspondence previously unavailable in the public domain. The issue of authenticity is addressed and it is suggested that in the future research in this study may assist a worthy craftsperson to produce a more authentic Bartók Viola Concerto, when the restrictions of copyright will allow the freedom of musical expression. It would require a composer thoroughly steeped in Bartók's compositional style and technique, who would dare to add both vertically and horizontally, to recompose, to revise, and to continue to refine the texture and orchestration until the result was consistently representative of Bartók at the height of his creative powers.
Ekaterina Pravilova
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159058
- eISBN:
- 9781400850266
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159058.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Russian and Former Soviet Union History
This epilogue provides a glimpse into the history of property rights and the fate of the idea of public property during the Soviet period. Quite characteristically, the idea of a public domain was ...
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This epilogue provides a glimpse into the history of property rights and the fate of the idea of public property during the Soviet period. Quite characteristically, the idea of a public domain was rejected in 1917 and then enjoyed a short revival in the 1920s. Eventually, it proved to be incompatible with the socialist order. However, although they were inherently adverse to socialism, prerevolutionary projects to create a public domain very much anticipated the reforms later conducted by the Bolshevik government, including the expropriation of publicly important resources. The idea of the collective freedom of society proved to be both controversial and ambivalent, subject to opposing interpretations—one liberal, the other totalitarian.Less
This epilogue provides a glimpse into the history of property rights and the fate of the idea of public property during the Soviet period. Quite characteristically, the idea of a public domain was rejected in 1917 and then enjoyed a short revival in the 1920s. Eventually, it proved to be incompatible with the socialist order. However, although they were inherently adverse to socialism, prerevolutionary projects to create a public domain very much anticipated the reforms later conducted by the Bolshevik government, including the expropriation of publicly important resources. The idea of the collective freedom of society proved to be both controversial and ambivalent, subject to opposing interpretations—one liberal, the other totalitarian.
Ekaterina Pravilova
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159058
- eISBN:
- 9781400850266
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159058.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Russian and Former Soviet Union History
This chapter continues the discussion began in Chapter 4 on the appropriation of Russian icons and art. It shows that the ambitions of artists, preservationists, and archaeologists extended far and ...
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This chapter continues the discussion began in Chapter 4 on the appropriation of Russian icons and art. It shows that the ambitions of artists, preservationists, and archaeologists extended far and wide, encountering the resistance of private collectors and city authorities, landowners, and the imperial court. While dealing with the owners of artistic wealth and historical monuments, these zealots of the national patrimony also pursued various objectives. The chapter further shows that the notion of “public domain” remained quite blurred and implied no clear answer to the question of which objects of art and historical heritage should be nationalized, and where they should be placed to ensure their accessibility for the public and the preservation for future generations.Less
This chapter continues the discussion began in Chapter 4 on the appropriation of Russian icons and art. It shows that the ambitions of artists, preservationists, and archaeologists extended far and wide, encountering the resistance of private collectors and city authorities, landowners, and the imperial court. While dealing with the owners of artistic wealth and historical monuments, these zealots of the national patrimony also pursued various objectives. The chapter further shows that the notion of “public domain” remained quite blurred and implied no clear answer to the question of which objects of art and historical heritage should be nationalized, and where they should be placed to ensure their accessibility for the public and the preservation for future generations.
Madhavi Sunder
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195342109
- eISBN:
- 9780199866823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195342109.003.0019
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
Since 1990, the United Nations has understood development in the broad terms of expanding human capabilities, thanks in part to Amartya Sen. Sen's vision of “development as freedom” is pluralist, ...
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Since 1990, the United Nations has understood development in the broad terms of expanding human capabilities, thanks in part to Amartya Sen. Sen's vision of “development as freedom” is pluralist, measuring development on the capacity for many freedoms. These freedoms range from basic needs, such as the right to life and health, to more expansive freedoms of movement, creative work, and participation in social, economic, and cultural institutions. Intellectual property (IP) law is essential to all of these freedoms and regulates our capacity to participate in cultural and scientific creation. A broader understanding of IP and development as freedom recognizes the importance of participating in the process of knowledge creation. The poor must be recognized as both receivers and producers of knowledge. In the Knowledge Age, wealth lies not simply in access to other people's knowledge, but also in the ability to produce new knowledge and to benefit from this creation, culturally and economically.Less
Since 1990, the United Nations has understood development in the broad terms of expanding human capabilities, thanks in part to Amartya Sen. Sen's vision of “development as freedom” is pluralist, measuring development on the capacity for many freedoms. These freedoms range from basic needs, such as the right to life and health, to more expansive freedoms of movement, creative work, and participation in social, economic, and cultural institutions. Intellectual property (IP) law is essential to all of these freedoms and regulates our capacity to participate in cultural and scientific creation. A broader understanding of IP and development as freedom recognizes the importance of participating in the process of knowledge creation. The poor must be recognized as both receivers and producers of knowledge. In the Knowledge Age, wealth lies not simply in access to other people's knowledge, but also in the ability to produce new knowledge and to benefit from this creation, culturally and economically.
Eliza Gaffney and Peter Newell
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199592173
- eISBN:
- 9780191729058
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592173.003.0011
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability
Here, the concept of corporate citizenship is used more normatively to explore what constitutes responsible corporate behaviour in a globalized economy. Global corporations do more than maximize ...
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Here, the concept of corporate citizenship is used more normatively to explore what constitutes responsible corporate behaviour in a globalized economy. Global corporations do more than maximize profit for owners; they are also involved in processes and decisions that relate to public matters. In doing so, for-profit corporations find themselves and/or position themselves as actors reconstituting the global public domain as they seek to assert their legal and economic rights on national and international levels. Yet, these rights are not balanced with mechanisms to ensure that corporations also fulfil any obligations or duties to the communities around the globe in which they operate. The chapter draws on liberal and cosmopolitan ideas of citizenship to explore how ideas of ethics and responsibility might apply to corporations in the twenty-first century.Less
Here, the concept of corporate citizenship is used more normatively to explore what constitutes responsible corporate behaviour in a globalized economy. Global corporations do more than maximize profit for owners; they are also involved in processes and decisions that relate to public matters. In doing so, for-profit corporations find themselves and/or position themselves as actors reconstituting the global public domain as they seek to assert their legal and economic rights on national and international levels. Yet, these rights are not balanced with mechanisms to ensure that corporations also fulfil any obligations or duties to the communities around the globe in which they operate. The chapter draws on liberal and cosmopolitan ideas of citizenship to explore how ideas of ethics and responsibility might apply to corporations in the twenty-first century.
Perry Keller
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198268550
- eISBN:
- 9780191728518
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198268550.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
Chapter Ten concerns the relationship between rights sustaining the liberty to publish and countervailing rights to respect for privacy and reputation. In European economic law, the rules of free ...
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Chapter Ten concerns the relationship between rights sustaining the liberty to publish and countervailing rights to respect for privacy and reputation. In European economic law, the rules of free movement support the liberty to publish. However, aside from the protection of personal data (Chapter Eleven), little EU law directly addresses the protection of information privacy and reputation, although there are scattered provisions on the right of reply. This area is dominated by European human rights law. Chapter Ten examines the special relationship between respect for privacy and freedom of expression under the ECHR, discussing the importance of 'public figure', 'public interest' and 'public domain' concepts in lowering privacy and libel liability thresholds where good faith and ethical conduct are shown. International law provides a loose parallel. However, trade law is not similarly bound to human rights law. Nor are the ICCPR rights to privacy and freedom of expression similarly merged.Less
Chapter Ten concerns the relationship between rights sustaining the liberty to publish and countervailing rights to respect for privacy and reputation. In European economic law, the rules of free movement support the liberty to publish. However, aside from the protection of personal data (Chapter Eleven), little EU law directly addresses the protection of information privacy and reputation, although there are scattered provisions on the right of reply. This area is dominated by European human rights law. Chapter Ten examines the special relationship between respect for privacy and freedom of expression under the ECHR, discussing the importance of 'public figure', 'public interest' and 'public domain' concepts in lowering privacy and libel liability thresholds where good faith and ethical conduct are shown. International law provides a loose parallel. However, trade law is not similarly bound to human rights law. Nor are the ICCPR rights to privacy and freedom of expression similarly merged.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804756433
- eISBN:
- 9780804773416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804756433.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
This chapter explores the United States' historical concern for the preservation of the public domain and its impact on laws regarding textual integrity. It first addresses why enhanced moral rights ...
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This chapter explores the United States' historical concern for the preservation of the public domain and its impact on laws regarding textual integrity. It first addresses why enhanced moral rights protection fosters the objectives of the Copyright Clause. It also discusses the problem confronting authors in safeguarding the integrity of their messages in the face of the strong public domain tradition emphasizing public access and use of information. The chapter further illustrates the consistency between the type of moral rights protection advocated by the author and several current free speech and public domain theories proposed by legal scholars.Less
This chapter explores the United States' historical concern for the preservation of the public domain and its impact on laws regarding textual integrity. It first addresses why enhanced moral rights protection fosters the objectives of the Copyright Clause. It also discusses the problem confronting authors in safeguarding the integrity of their messages in the face of the strong public domain tradition emphasizing public access and use of information. The chapter further illustrates the consistency between the type of moral rights protection advocated by the author and several current free speech and public domain theories proposed by legal scholars.
Hanoch Dagan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199737864
- eISBN:
- 9780199894994
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737864.003.0013
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter relies on the lessons from Chapters 1 and 2 to enter one of the most intense debates on the question of property's frontiers: the delineation of the borders between intellectual property ...
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This chapter relies on the lessons from Chapters 1 and 2 to enter one of the most intense debates on the question of property's frontiers: the delineation of the borders between intellectual property and the public domain. Friends of the public domain are typically suspicious of property talk. Property is perceived as the foe, epitomizing the threat of a shrinking public domain and the expanding rights of copyright holders to preclude others from using cultural artifacts. The chapter examines this commonplace view, which is considered misguided and unfortunate. It is misguided because the split between a property discourse and a thriving public domain is largely illusory. Nothing in the language of property necessarily invites the agenda of the content industry. Quite the contrary: both the form and the substance of property, as conceptualized in this book, convey helpful lessons for achieving the goal of re-crafting a thriving public domain. It is unfortunate because the concept of property has enormous rhetorical power in shaping people's expectations and, therefore, in constructing what they deem normal, obvious, and thus clearly justified. For both these reasons, friends of the public domain should embrace property rather than struggle against it.Less
This chapter relies on the lessons from Chapters 1 and 2 to enter one of the most intense debates on the question of property's frontiers: the delineation of the borders between intellectual property and the public domain. Friends of the public domain are typically suspicious of property talk. Property is perceived as the foe, epitomizing the threat of a shrinking public domain and the expanding rights of copyright holders to preclude others from using cultural artifacts. The chapter examines this commonplace view, which is considered misguided and unfortunate. It is misguided because the split between a property discourse and a thriving public domain is largely illusory. Nothing in the language of property necessarily invites the agenda of the content industry. Quite the contrary: both the form and the substance of property, as conceptualized in this book, convey helpful lessons for achieving the goal of re-crafting a thriving public domain. It is unfortunate because the concept of property has enormous rhetorical power in shaping people's expectations and, therefore, in constructing what they deem normal, obvious, and thus clearly justified. For both these reasons, friends of the public domain should embrace property rather than struggle against it.
Robert B. Keiter
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300092738
- eISBN:
- 9780300128277
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300092738.003.0002
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
This chapter focuses on ecological policy and power in the public domain. It reveals that as controversy has begotten change on the western landscape, federal natural resource policy has evolved ...
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This chapter focuses on ecological policy and power in the public domain. It reveals that as controversy has begotten change on the western landscape, federal natural resource policy has evolved through distinctive phases marked by major revisions in the governing laws and policies to accommodate the felt necessities of the day. Throughout this process, a few key ideas have dominated the public land policy debates, and these same ideas are still central in the current debate over new ecological management principles. The chapter finds out that in each instance, the governmental institutions—Congress, the executive branch, the courts, and the states—have played key roles in converting these ideas into viable laws and policies. It discusses how principal federal land management agencies—the Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service—have been central to this process, periodically translating new ideas and laws into viable natural resource policies.Less
This chapter focuses on ecological policy and power in the public domain. It reveals that as controversy has begotten change on the western landscape, federal natural resource policy has evolved through distinctive phases marked by major revisions in the governing laws and policies to accommodate the felt necessities of the day. Throughout this process, a few key ideas have dominated the public land policy debates, and these same ideas are still central in the current debate over new ecological management principles. The chapter finds out that in each instance, the governmental institutions—Congress, the executive branch, the courts, and the states—have played key roles in converting these ideas into viable laws and policies. It discusses how principal federal land management agencies—the Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service—have been central to this process, periodically translating new ideas and laws into viable natural resource policies.
Cormac Mac Amhlaigh
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199669318
- eISBN:
- 9780191749353
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199669318.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter explores common understandings of the nature of the public and the private, and its relationship to law through the public/private divide. It departs from a commonplace that the ...
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This chapter explores common understandings of the nature of the public and the private, and its relationship to law through the public/private divide. It departs from a commonplace that the public/private divide is a relative and flexible phenomenon, which does not reveal any ‘truth’ about the world, challenging three common assumptions about the public/private divide in the law. These assumptions are that there is or should be no cross-fertilization between the meaning of the public in the various instances of the divide scattered across legal systems; that its expression in the law is necessarily political or ideological; and that the divide can be dispensed with when it hinders the achievement of particular goals such as the effective protection of human rights. Focusing on one expression of the public/private divide in the law — s. 6 of the UK's Human Rights Act 1998 — it is argued that the practice of adjudication of the divide in the law reveals a deeper-rooted sense of the public and the private, which permeates the legal system which is more stable than the commonplace of its radical relativity suggests. In the light of this more structural understanding of the public, there is necessarily a measure of cross-fertilization between particular instances of the divide in a legal system, that it is less political or ideological than is claimed, and that its elimination can be extremely problematic, particularly for the achievement of effective human rights protection. The chapter concludes by characterizing this deeper structure of the public/private divide in terms of a ‘legal archetype’, and identifies the role of positive law in relation to this archetype as a parergon.Less
This chapter explores common understandings of the nature of the public and the private, and its relationship to law through the public/private divide. It departs from a commonplace that the public/private divide is a relative and flexible phenomenon, which does not reveal any ‘truth’ about the world, challenging three common assumptions about the public/private divide in the law. These assumptions are that there is or should be no cross-fertilization between the meaning of the public in the various instances of the divide scattered across legal systems; that its expression in the law is necessarily political or ideological; and that the divide can be dispensed with when it hinders the achievement of particular goals such as the effective protection of human rights. Focusing on one expression of the public/private divide in the law — s. 6 of the UK's Human Rights Act 1998 — it is argued that the practice of adjudication of the divide in the law reveals a deeper-rooted sense of the public and the private, which permeates the legal system which is more stable than the commonplace of its radical relativity suggests. In the light of this more structural understanding of the public, there is necessarily a measure of cross-fertilization between particular instances of the divide in a legal system, that it is less political or ideological than is claimed, and that its elimination can be extremely problematic, particularly for the achievement of effective human rights protection. The chapter concludes by characterizing this deeper structure of the public/private divide in terms of a ‘legal archetype’, and identifies the role of positive law in relation to this archetype as a parergon.
Janet Newman (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346407
- eISBN:
- 9781447303206
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346407.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Organizations
This book focuses on the dynamics of change as new strategies — active citizenship, public participation, partnership working, and consumerism — encounter existing institutions. It explores different ...
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This book focuses on the dynamics of change as new strategies — active citizenship, public participation, partnership working, and consumerism — encounter existing institutions. It explores different sites and practices of governing, from the remaking of Europe to the increasing focus on ‘community’ and ‘personhood’ in governing social life. The authors critically engage with existing theory across political science, social policy, sociology, and public administration and management to explore how ‘the social’ is constituted through governance practices. This includes the ways in which the spaces and territories of governing are remade and the peoples constituted; how the public domain is re-imagined and new forms of state–citizen relationships fostered; how the remaking of governance shapes our understanding of politics, and changes the ways in which citizens engage with political power and the selves they bring to that engagement.Less
This book focuses on the dynamics of change as new strategies — active citizenship, public participation, partnership working, and consumerism — encounter existing institutions. It explores different sites and practices of governing, from the remaking of Europe to the increasing focus on ‘community’ and ‘personhood’ in governing social life. The authors critically engage with existing theory across political science, social policy, sociology, and public administration and management to explore how ‘the social’ is constituted through governance practices. This includes the ways in which the spaces and territories of governing are remade and the peoples constituted; how the public domain is re-imagined and new forms of state–citizen relationships fostered; how the remaking of governance shapes our understanding of politics, and changes the ways in which citizens engage with political power and the selves they bring to that engagement.
William Lucy
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199669318
- eISBN:
- 9780191749353
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199669318.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter examines the meaning of public law in and through its contrast with private law. It argues that there is no single, comprehensive, compelling, or doctrinally dispositive way to ...
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This chapter examines the meaning of public law in and through its contrast with private law. It argues that there is no single, comprehensive, compelling, or doctrinally dispositive way to distinguish public and private juridical domains, just as there is no such clean distinction between public and private as general terms of reference. However, this fact does not render the distinction meaningless or without use. Rather, the many distinctions between public and private law map onto a series of more specific and sometimes cross-cutting oppositions to do with different types of actions, goods, interests, and institutional locations, and all such distinctions remain significant within legal theory and practice.Less
This chapter examines the meaning of public law in and through its contrast with private law. It argues that there is no single, comprehensive, compelling, or doctrinally dispositive way to distinguish public and private juridical domains, just as there is no such clean distinction between public and private as general terms of reference. However, this fact does not render the distinction meaningless or without use. Rather, the many distinctions between public and private law map onto a series of more specific and sometimes cross-cutting oppositions to do with different types of actions, goods, interests, and institutional locations, and all such distinctions remain significant within legal theory and practice.
Julie E. Cohen
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- October 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190246693
- eISBN:
- 9780190909543
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190246693.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Legal Profession and Ethics, Legal History
This chapter explores the emergence of a new factor of production in the informational economy—data flows relating to people and their activities—and identifies the legal construct that facilitates ...
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This chapter explores the emergence of a new factor of production in the informational economy—data flows relating to people and their activities—and identifies the legal construct that facilitates contemporary practices of personal data extraction and processing. The idea of a public domain of personal data has two interrelated effects. First, it constitutes personal data as available and potentially valuable, thereby supporting the reorganization of sociotechnical activity in ways directed toward extraction and appropriation. Second, it constitutes the personal data harvested within networked information environments as raw, thereby underwriting narratives of legal privilege that attach to the processing of personal data processing on an industrial scale and to the outputs of such operations.Less
This chapter explores the emergence of a new factor of production in the informational economy—data flows relating to people and their activities—and identifies the legal construct that facilitates contemporary practices of personal data extraction and processing. The idea of a public domain of personal data has two interrelated effects. First, it constitutes personal data as available and potentially valuable, thereby supporting the reorganization of sociotechnical activity in ways directed toward extraction and appropriation. Second, it constitutes the personal data harvested within networked information environments as raw, thereby underwriting narratives of legal privilege that attach to the processing of personal data processing on an industrial scale and to the outputs of such operations.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804745789
- eISBN:
- 9780804763271
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804745789.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
This chapter presents a comparison of copyright and patent law in terms of their constitutional origins, originality, term limits, subject matter, securing protection, and exclusive rights and nature ...
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This chapter presents a comparison of copyright and patent law in terms of their constitutional origins, originality, term limits, subject matter, securing protection, and exclusive rights and nature of infringement. It also discusses protectionist tendencies in copyright, fair use in copyright, the compulsory license, the question of property in copyright and patent law, and moral rights and the public domain.Less
This chapter presents a comparison of copyright and patent law in terms of their constitutional origins, originality, term limits, subject matter, securing protection, and exclusive rights and nature of infringement. It also discusses protectionist tendencies in copyright, fair use in copyright, the compulsory license, the question of property in copyright and patent law, and moral rights and the public domain.
Jenny Wright, Fiona Sim, and Katie Ferguson
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447300335
- eISBN:
- 9781447311690
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447300335.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter sets out the changes following New Labour government policy to create non-medical specialists in public health with equivalent status to consultants in public health including ...
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This chapter sets out the changes following New Labour government policy to create non-medical specialists in public health with equivalent status to consultants in public health including non-medical Directors of Public Health. Key changes described include a second vote within the Faculty of Public Health Medicine to permit non-medics to sit Part II of the Faculty examinations in 2001 as well as the development of job descriptions, processes within the Faculty to ‘piggy-back’ non-medical appointments within the existing statutory medical appointments advisory committee structures. From 2003 the Faculty agreed to drop ‘Medicine’ from its title. The chapter also charts the development across England of support mechanisms for aspiring specialists. Other key changes are outlined including national agreement across key organisations on the ten key areas of public health, establishing the three domains of public health, categorising the whole of the public health workforce and setting up networks and an annual conference to share and harness expertise. The Health Protection Agency was established during this period.Less
This chapter sets out the changes following New Labour government policy to create non-medical specialists in public health with equivalent status to consultants in public health including non-medical Directors of Public Health. Key changes described include a second vote within the Faculty of Public Health Medicine to permit non-medics to sit Part II of the Faculty examinations in 2001 as well as the development of job descriptions, processes within the Faculty to ‘piggy-back’ non-medical appointments within the existing statutory medical appointments advisory committee structures. From 2003 the Faculty agreed to drop ‘Medicine’ from its title. The chapter also charts the development across England of support mechanisms for aspiring specialists. Other key changes are outlined including national agreement across key organisations on the ten key areas of public health, establishing the three domains of public health, categorising the whole of the public health workforce and setting up networks and an annual conference to share and harness expertise. The Health Protection Agency was established during this period.
Julie Sin
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198840732
- eISBN:
- 9780191876400
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198840732.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter is about the terminology and practice of the public health specialty to assist insight into its connections with health services for populations. Public health practice is about ...
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This chapter is about the terminology and practice of the public health specialty to assist insight into its connections with health services for populations. Public health practice is about considering health at a population level. For orientation, the semantics of the term public health are also discussed as part of aiming for effectiveness of dialogue in this area of health service practice. In the public health specialty there are three core domains of public health practice, and healthcare systems will interact with all three. One of these domains, Healthcare Public Health (HCPH) is particularly relevant to the commissioning of health services. This is concerned with improving health outcomes through health services quality and effectiveness. Its work is an integral part of the commissioning function for health services. All three domains are described for the commissioner’s orientation, namely the work of health improvement, health protection, and healthcare public health.Less
This chapter is about the terminology and practice of the public health specialty to assist insight into its connections with health services for populations. Public health practice is about considering health at a population level. For orientation, the semantics of the term public health are also discussed as part of aiming for effectiveness of dialogue in this area of health service practice. In the public health specialty there are three core domains of public health practice, and healthcare systems will interact with all three. One of these domains, Healthcare Public Health (HCPH) is particularly relevant to the commissioning of health services. This is concerned with improving health outcomes through health services quality and effectiveness. Its work is an integral part of the commissioning function for health services. All three domains are described for the commissioner’s orientation, namely the work of health improvement, health protection, and healthcare public health.
Stuart Macdonald
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199241477
- eISBN:
- 9780191696947
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241477.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation, Organization Studies
This chapter explains how organizations resist information from external sources. It starts with an elaboration of the not-invented-here (NIH) syndrome, the condition in which organizations reject ...
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This chapter explains how organizations resist information from external sources. It starts with an elaboration of the not-invented-here (NIH) syndrome, the condition in which organizations reject external information gathered from external sources. Relating to the appearance of NIH syndrome is the refusal of organizations to recognize independent inventors who may offer chances to promote great innovations and change the way organizations operate. The chapter then discusses how different government policies in different countries support independent inventors, including the patent system. It ends by citing how independent inventors can innovate things that ‘big organizations’ have provided for ‘big science’.Less
This chapter explains how organizations resist information from external sources. It starts with an elaboration of the not-invented-here (NIH) syndrome, the condition in which organizations reject external information gathered from external sources. Relating to the appearance of NIH syndrome is the refusal of organizations to recognize independent inventors who may offer chances to promote great innovations and change the way organizations operate. The chapter then discusses how different government policies in different countries support independent inventors, including the patent system. It ends by citing how independent inventors can innovate things that ‘big organizations’ have provided for ‘big science’.
Martin Senftleben
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198826576
- eISBN:
- 9780191865503
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198826576.003.0017
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
Non-traditional marks offer enhanced possibilities for the cumulation of copyright and trademark rights. With the recognition of shape, sound, and motion marks, new areas of overlap emerge that ...
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Non-traditional marks offer enhanced possibilities for the cumulation of copyright and trademark rights. With the recognition of shape, sound, and motion marks, new areas of overlap emerge that affect traditional work categories, in particular sculpture and plastic art, musical compositions, and audiovisual creations. Discussing the corrosive effect of this growing area of overlap on cultural follow-on innovation, the chapter yields the insight that it is advisable to recalibrate the copyright/trademark interface. Instead of relying on distinctiveness as a gatekeeper and volatile infringement criteria and defenses within trademark law, more robust mechanisms are necessary to prevent the acquisition of trademark rights to cultural signs from the outset—grounds for refusal that apply across all goods and services and cannot be overcome through use in trade. The chapter explores the room for the development of these more robust mechanisms. It brings a refusal based on public order or morality into focus.Less
Non-traditional marks offer enhanced possibilities for the cumulation of copyright and trademark rights. With the recognition of shape, sound, and motion marks, new areas of overlap emerge that affect traditional work categories, in particular sculpture and plastic art, musical compositions, and audiovisual creations. Discussing the corrosive effect of this growing area of overlap on cultural follow-on innovation, the chapter yields the insight that it is advisable to recalibrate the copyright/trademark interface. Instead of relying on distinctiveness as a gatekeeper and volatile infringement criteria and defenses within trademark law, more robust mechanisms are necessary to prevent the acquisition of trademark rights to cultural signs from the outset—grounds for refusal that apply across all goods and services and cannot be overcome through use in trade. The chapter explores the room for the development of these more robust mechanisms. It brings a refusal based on public order or morality into focus.
Katie Jarvis
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190917111
- eISBN:
- 9780190917142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190917111.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Economic History
This chapter analyzes the economically crucial and conceptually volatile debates over public space in the marketplace. It traces how the king’s public domain became national domain and how this ...
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This chapter analyzes the economically crucial and conceptually volatile debates over public space in the marketplace. It traces how the king’s public domain became national domain and how this transformation affected the ways that citizens pursued particular interests in les Halles. During the Old Regime, the king had issued an edict that permitted some especially indigent Dames to secure market spots before other retailers. He had also granted one company the privilege of renting shelters to these qualified Dames before others. However, when the private company attempted to renew its royal contract during the Revolution, clashes arose over the right to and regulation of public domain. During the disputes, the Dames who were not advantaged by the king’s edict seized new practices of citizenship to claim shelters and trading places. They harnessed revolutionary discourses to mark the earth as national property, attack monopoly-holders as privileged leeches, and secure economic exemptions based on their work’s public utility. As they justified their personal profits on public space, the Dames staked out their place in the body politic.Less
This chapter analyzes the economically crucial and conceptually volatile debates over public space in the marketplace. It traces how the king’s public domain became national domain and how this transformation affected the ways that citizens pursued particular interests in les Halles. During the Old Regime, the king had issued an edict that permitted some especially indigent Dames to secure market spots before other retailers. He had also granted one company the privilege of renting shelters to these qualified Dames before others. However, when the private company attempted to renew its royal contract during the Revolution, clashes arose over the right to and regulation of public domain. During the disputes, the Dames who were not advantaged by the king’s edict seized new practices of citizenship to claim shelters and trading places. They harnessed revolutionary discourses to mark the earth as national property, attack monopoly-holders as privileged leeches, and secure economic exemptions based on their work’s public utility. As they justified their personal profits on public space, the Dames staked out their place in the body politic.
Stephen B. Brush
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300100495
- eISBN:
- 9780300130140
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300100495.003.0010
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
This chapter addresses the issues of equity in a world divided by economic wealth and poverty, uneven distribution, trade of genetic resources and ownership of these resources as intellectual ...
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This chapter addresses the issues of equity in a world divided by economic wealth and poverty, uneven distribution, trade of genetic resources and ownership of these resources as intellectual property. The increasing value of crop resources that resulted from the rise of formal crop breeding, the diffusion of modern varieties, and the availability of plant breeders' rights in the twentieth century spurred a movement to clarify ownership of genetic resources and broaden the pool of people who benefit from their availability and use. The chapter discusses that this movement resulted in the Convention on Biological Diversity and the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. It also reveals that while the charge of biopiracy is still commonly voiced, the benefits of open access to crop resources in an international public domain are now more fully recognized.Less
This chapter addresses the issues of equity in a world divided by economic wealth and poverty, uneven distribution, trade of genetic resources and ownership of these resources as intellectual property. The increasing value of crop resources that resulted from the rise of formal crop breeding, the diffusion of modern varieties, and the availability of plant breeders' rights in the twentieth century spurred a movement to clarify ownership of genetic resources and broaden the pool of people who benefit from their availability and use. The chapter discusses that this movement resulted in the Convention on Biological Diversity and the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. It also reveals that while the charge of biopiracy is still commonly voiced, the benefits of open access to crop resources in an international public domain are now more fully recognized.