Jana Marguerite Bennett
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195315431
- eISBN:
- 9780199872022
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195315431.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Marriage and singleness appear in the contemporary era as problems for scholars and laypeople alike. Several problems related to marriage and singleness include questions of gender roles, the nature ...
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Marriage and singleness appear in the contemporary era as problems for scholars and laypeople alike. Several problems related to marriage and singleness include questions of gender roles, the nature of public and private, and sexual ethics. Many contemporary theologians focus almost exclusively on “theology of marriage” and offer solutions using sociopolitical means, but they fail to see the damage that this limited focus on marriage alone has for ecclesiology.Augustine of Hippo becomes a reference point for addressing this split between married and single people, as well as questions about gender and public/private distinctions. This book argues that Augustine's theological method shows a better way of thinking through some contemporary problems by demonstrating how Augustine views marriage and single states of life in light of the church's life and history.Via retelling salvation history (creation, fall, redemption, and eschatology) and taking a look at the political life of the church in its worship practices, this book shows that marriage and singleness cannot be intelligibly separated from each other, that gender and gendered relationships must be seen in light of friendship with God, and that the marriage between Christ and the church is the first mediator in any state of life. The water of baptism, Christians' first birth and initiation into the life of Christ, becomes the primary standard for relationships, rather than familial ties.Less
Marriage and singleness appear in the contemporary era as problems for scholars and laypeople alike. Several problems related to marriage and singleness include questions of gender roles, the nature of public and private, and sexual ethics. Many contemporary theologians focus almost exclusively on “theology of marriage” and offer solutions using sociopolitical means, but they fail to see the damage that this limited focus on marriage alone has for ecclesiology.
Augustine of Hippo becomes a reference point for addressing this split between married and single people, as well as questions about gender and public/private distinctions. This book argues that Augustine's theological method shows a better way of thinking through some contemporary problems by demonstrating how Augustine views marriage and single states of life in light of the church's life and history.
Via retelling salvation history (creation, fall, redemption, and eschatology) and taking a look at the political life of the church in its worship practices, this book shows that marriage and singleness cannot be intelligibly separated from each other, that gender and gendered relationships must be seen in light of friendship with God, and that the marriage between Christ and the church is the first mediator in any state of life. The water of baptism, Christians' first birth and initiation into the life of Christ, becomes the primary standard for relationships, rather than familial ties.
Andrew Davies and Ammon Salter
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199290475
- eISBN:
- 9780191603495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199290474.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are becoming the key mechanism for the design, production, and operation of capital goods in the UK public sector and elsewhere. This chapter focuses on the central ...
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Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are becoming the key mechanism for the design, production, and operation of capital goods in the UK public sector and elsewhere. This chapter focuses on the central motivations behind the movement towards PPPs, and explores the impact of these new contractual arrangements on innovation in the capital goods sector. The greatest impact of the new arrangements appears to be the emergence of a PPP industry and a new division of labour among private providers and public procurers of capital goods. In addition to its traditional role as designer and builder of systems, the private sector has taken on greater downstream responsibility for the operation and maintenance of systems previously handled in-house by public sector organizations.Less
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are becoming the key mechanism for the design, production, and operation of capital goods in the UK public sector and elsewhere. This chapter focuses on the central motivations behind the movement towards PPPs, and explores the impact of these new contractual arrangements on innovation in the capital goods sector. The greatest impact of the new arrangements appears to be the emergence of a PPP industry and a new division of labour among private providers and public procurers of capital goods. In addition to its traditional role as designer and builder of systems, the private sector has taken on greater downstream responsibility for the operation and maintenance of systems previously handled in-house by public sector organizations.
Inge Kaul
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195179972
- eISBN:
- 9780199850709
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179972.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter explores the influence of global public-private partnerships in the policy space between states and markets. The findings reveal that global public-private partnerships come in many in ...
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This chapter explores the influence of global public-private partnerships in the policy space between states and markets. The findings reveal that global public-private partnerships come in many in forms, driven by different motivations, following different modes of partnering and pursuing a variety of purposes. The result also indicates that global public-private partnerships are here to stay and that their implications for the conventional system of international cooperation are potentially far-reaching and mixed.Less
This chapter explores the influence of global public-private partnerships in the policy space between states and markets. The findings reveal that global public-private partnerships come in many in forms, driven by different motivations, following different modes of partnering and pursuing a variety of purposes. The result also indicates that global public-private partnerships are here to stay and that their implications for the conventional system of international cooperation are potentially far-reaching and mixed.
Brett M. Frischmann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199895656
- eISBN:
- 9780199933280
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199895656.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter provides a detailed discussion of microeconomic concepts that serve as building blocks for the demand-side analysis developed in Part II and applied in Parts III and IV. The concepts are ...
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This chapter provides a detailed discussion of microeconomic concepts that serve as building blocks for the demand-side analysis developed in Part II and applied in Parts III and IV. The concepts are important to understanding the value of infrastructure and evaluating and improving resource management. Specifically, the following microeconomic concepts are discussed: public and private goods: (non)rivalry and (non)excludability; consumption goods and capital goods; externalities: incomplete and missing markets; and social goods: nonmarket goods, merit goods, social capital, and irreducibly social goods. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of speech. While not a building block, the speech example usefully illustrates how some of the microeconomic concepts relate to one another.Less
This chapter provides a detailed discussion of microeconomic concepts that serve as building blocks for the demand-side analysis developed in Part II and applied in Parts III and IV. The concepts are important to understanding the value of infrastructure and evaluating and improving resource management. Specifically, the following microeconomic concepts are discussed: public and private goods: (non)rivalry and (non)excludability; consumption goods and capital goods; externalities: incomplete and missing markets; and social goods: nonmarket goods, merit goods, social capital, and irreducibly social goods. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of speech. While not a building block, the speech example usefully illustrates how some of the microeconomic concepts relate to one another.
A.C.L. Davies
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199287390
- eISBN:
- 9780191713484
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199287390.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
Contract plays a vitally important role in the delivery of public services today. Both central and local government make extensive use of private firms to provide facilities, goods, and services. ...
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Contract plays a vitally important role in the delivery of public services today. Both central and local government make extensive use of private firms to provide facilities, goods, and services. Government contracts vary considerably from the relatively straightforward competitive procurement of office supplies to complex, long-term Private Finance Initiative or Public/Private Partnership arrangements in which the contractor researches and develops a new piece of military equipment, or builds and provides a fully serviced hospital over a thirty-year period. English law's traditional approach to government contracts has been to regard them as ordinary private law arrangements. As a result, they have understandably been neglected by public lawyers in both teaching and research. This book argues that, on closer inspection, constitutional law and administrative law (in the form of statute, common law, and government guidance) have been playing an increasingly important role in the regulation of certain key aspects of government contracting. The book analyses these public law elements in detail and suggests ways in which they might appropriately be developed more fully, in tandem with the underlying private law regime. The book's aim is to raise the profile of government contracts as a proper subject for public law scholarship, whilst at the same time contributing to important contemporary debates on issues such as the public/private divide, the scope of the judicial review jurisdiction, and the reach of the Human Rights Act 1998.Less
Contract plays a vitally important role in the delivery of public services today. Both central and local government make extensive use of private firms to provide facilities, goods, and services. Government contracts vary considerably from the relatively straightforward competitive procurement of office supplies to complex, long-term Private Finance Initiative or Public/Private Partnership arrangements in which the contractor researches and develops a new piece of military equipment, or builds and provides a fully serviced hospital over a thirty-year period. English law's traditional approach to government contracts has been to regard them as ordinary private law arrangements. As a result, they have understandably been neglected by public lawyers in both teaching and research. This book argues that, on closer inspection, constitutional law and administrative law (in the form of statute, common law, and government guidance) have been playing an increasingly important role in the regulation of certain key aspects of government contracting. The book analyses these public law elements in detail and suggests ways in which they might appropriately be developed more fully, in tandem with the underlying private law regime. The book's aim is to raise the profile of government contracts as a proper subject for public law scholarship, whilst at the same time contributing to important contemporary debates on issues such as the public/private divide, the scope of the judicial review jurisdiction, and the reach of the Human Rights Act 1998.
Bernhard Ebbinghaus and Jörg Neugschwender
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199586028
- eISBN:
- 9780191725586
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586028.003.0014
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This comparative chapter by Ebbinghaus and Neugschwender discusses the institutional differences in the public–private mix, distinguishing mature from emerging multipillar systems and hybrid from ...
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This comparative chapter by Ebbinghaus and Neugschwender discusses the institutional differences in the public–private mix, distinguishing mature from emerging multipillar systems and hybrid from dominantly public pension systems. It focuses on exploring the interaction between income inequalities in working life and pension system features for old age income. In particular, it considers the first tier of minimum income support, the public and private second-tier earnings-related pensions, and the particularities of private pensions. The empirical analysis compares poverty rates over time and across countries, discussing the impact of public pensions. The further analysis reveals variations in the recipient rate and income share of private supplementary pensions among the elderly. The importance of mandatory or negotiated occupational pensions in order to reduce inequality in multipillar pension systems is evident in addition to the role of public minimum income protection for poverty reduction.Less
This comparative chapter by Ebbinghaus and Neugschwender discusses the institutional differences in the public–private mix, distinguishing mature from emerging multipillar systems and hybrid from dominantly public pension systems. It focuses on exploring the interaction between income inequalities in working life and pension system features for old age income. In particular, it considers the first tier of minimum income support, the public and private second-tier earnings-related pensions, and the particularities of private pensions. The empirical analysis compares poverty rates over time and across countries, discussing the impact of public pensions. The further analysis reveals variations in the recipient rate and income share of private supplementary pensions among the elderly. The importance of mandatory or negotiated occupational pensions in order to reduce inequality in multipillar pension systems is evident in addition to the role of public minimum income protection for poverty reduction.
Walter Feinberg
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199253661
- eISBN:
- 9780191601972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199253668.003.0015
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The essays in Part III of the book, on liberal constraints and traditionalist education, argue for a more regulatory conception of liberal education and emphasize the need for some controls over ...
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The essays in Part III of the book, on liberal constraints and traditionalist education, argue for a more regulatory conception of liberal education and emphasize the need for some controls over cultural and religious educational authority. Walter Feinberg’s essay, on religious education in liberal–democratic societies in relation to the question of accountability and autonomy, takes up the issue of educational constraints with respect to religious schools in such societies. While he allows that religious education need not be inconsistent with liberal goals, and can find reasons why some liberal societies feel it appropriate to provide public support for religious schools, he argues that certain conditions can render such support tyrannical and unwise. He concludes that if the conditions are appropriate for public support of religious schools, then there should also be significant public control. After an introduction in Section 14.1, the chapter has six further sections: Section 14.2 discusses some of the potential lines of conflict between religious liberal education and public (common) education; Section 14.3 examines a number of arguments that have been advanced in support of public funding for religious schools; Section 14.4 looks at a potentially fundamental reason for denying public funding for religious schools – that it would be tyrannical to take tax funds from one believer in order to advance the beliefs of another – and the implications as regards the First Amendment to the United States Constitution; both Sections 14.4 and 14.5 suggest some of the conditions that need to be satisfied in order to supply this funding – primarily that it must be predicated on the school advancing individual and social autonomy; Section 14.6 briefly suggests what such an arrangement might entail for the traditional way in which the public/private divide is conceived; Section 14.7 concludes.Less
The essays in Part III of the book, on liberal constraints and traditionalist education, argue for a more regulatory conception of liberal education and emphasize the need for some controls over cultural and religious educational authority. Walter Feinberg’s essay, on religious education in liberal–democratic societies in relation to the question of accountability and autonomy, takes up the issue of educational constraints with respect to religious schools in such societies. While he allows that religious education need not be inconsistent with liberal goals, and can find reasons why some liberal societies feel it appropriate to provide public support for religious schools, he argues that certain conditions can render such support tyrannical and unwise. He concludes that if the conditions are appropriate for public support of religious schools, then there should also be significant public control. After an introduction in Section 14.1, the chapter has six further sections: Section 14.2 discusses some of the potential lines of conflict between religious liberal education and public (common) education; Section 14.3 examines a number of arguments that have been advanced in support of public funding for religious schools; Section 14.4 looks at a potentially fundamental reason for denying public funding for religious schools – that it would be tyrannical to take tax funds from one believer in order to advance the beliefs of another – and the implications as regards the First Amendment to the United States Constitution; both Sections 14.4 and 14.5 suggest some of the conditions that need to be satisfied in order to supply this funding – primarily that it must be predicated on the school advancing individual and social autonomy; Section 14.6 briefly suggests what such an arrangement might entail for the traditional way in which the public/private divide is conceived; Section 14.7 concludes.
Pierre-Richard Agénor
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155807
- eISBN:
- 9781400845392
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155807.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The previous chapters documented and formally analyzed a variety of channels, both old and new, through which public capital may affect growth. Various extensions, mostly technical in nature, were ...
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The previous chapters documented and formally analyzed a variety of channels, both old and new, through which public capital may affect growth. Various extensions, mostly technical in nature, were outlined at the end of some chapters. This chapter sets out a broader research agenda on the links among public capital, growth, and human welfare. It considers the following areas: heterogeneous infrastructure assets, the political economy of government spending allocation, excludable public goods, interactions between government debt and public capital accumulation in the presence of fiscal rules, spatial and regional dimensions of public capital, infrastructure and trade, public–private partnerships, the impact of public capital on income distribution, negative externalities associated with public capital, and empirical tests of the impact of public capital on growth.Less
The previous chapters documented and formally analyzed a variety of channels, both old and new, through which public capital may affect growth. Various extensions, mostly technical in nature, were outlined at the end of some chapters. This chapter sets out a broader research agenda on the links among public capital, growth, and human welfare. It considers the following areas: heterogeneous infrastructure assets, the political economy of government spending allocation, excludable public goods, interactions between government debt and public capital accumulation in the presence of fiscal rules, spatial and regional dimensions of public capital, infrastructure and trade, public–private partnerships, the impact of public capital on income distribution, negative externalities associated with public capital, and empirical tests of the impact of public capital on growth.
Bernhard Ebbinghaus and Mareike Gronwald
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199586028
- eISBN:
- 9780191725586
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586028.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This chapter by Ebbinghaus and Gronwald provides a comparative historical analysis mapping the cross-national institutional diversity in the evolution of pension systems in ten European countries. ...
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This chapter by Ebbinghaus and Gronwald provides a comparative historical analysis mapping the cross-national institutional diversity in the evolution of pension systems in ten European countries. Analysing the long-term development, it describes the way in which institutional arrangements in private pensions evolved over time and interact with public pension reforms. The process of institutional change is examined by analysing critical junctures in the public–private pension mix. First, the early legacy and path-dependent post-war dynamics in public pension development are sketched, contrasting Bismarckian social insurance and Beveridge basic pension traditions. The second juncture compares successful versus belated or even failed expansion of public pensions to secure living standards in old age, and its consequences for crowding out private pensions. Finally, the more recent pension reforms led towards a multipillar pension system, in some cases retrenchment of public pensions and privatization efforts are crowding in funded private pensions.Less
This chapter by Ebbinghaus and Gronwald provides a comparative historical analysis mapping the cross-national institutional diversity in the evolution of pension systems in ten European countries. Analysing the long-term development, it describes the way in which institutional arrangements in private pensions evolved over time and interact with public pension reforms. The process of institutional change is examined by analysing critical junctures in the public–private pension mix. First, the early legacy and path-dependent post-war dynamics in public pension development are sketched, contrasting Bismarckian social insurance and Beveridge basic pension traditions. The second juncture compares successful versus belated or even failed expansion of public pensions to secure living standards in old age, and its consequences for crowding out private pensions. Finally, the more recent pension reforms led towards a multipillar pension system, in some cases retrenchment of public pensions and privatization efforts are crowding in funded private pensions.
Bernhard Ebbinghaus (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199586028
- eISBN:
- 9780191725586
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586028.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
The ongoing privatization of pensions – the shift from state to private responsibility for old age retirement income – raises fundamental issues of social and participatory rights. While ...
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The ongoing privatization of pensions – the shift from state to private responsibility for old age retirement income – raises fundamental issues of social and participatory rights. While pay-as-you-go-financed public pension systems face sustainability problems due to an ageing society, the recent financial crisis reveals the problematic nature of funded private pensions that fall short of expected returns. What have been the experiences in developed multipillar systems in providing adequate pensions for all? What can be learned for those pension systems currently under reform? This edited book compares the varieties of pension governance in ten European countries. It contrasts the experience of developed multipillar systems such as Britain, the Netherlands, and Switzerland with emerging multipillar systems in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden as well as the still dominantly Bismarckian social insurance systems of Belgium, France, Germany, and Italy. Each of the ten country chapters investigates how and why old age income responsibilities have been shifted from the state to employers, unions, and individuals. The country experts first describe the changing public–private pension mix and then discuss the particular features of the private (occupational and personal) pensions. They answer four major questions: who is covered, what kind of benefits, who pays, and who governs private pensions? In addition, three comparative analyses review the long-term institutional change from public to multipillar pension systems, map the cross-national variations in regulation and governance of private pensions, and investigate the consequences for old age income inequality in Europe.Less
The ongoing privatization of pensions – the shift from state to private responsibility for old age retirement income – raises fundamental issues of social and participatory rights. While pay-as-you-go-financed public pension systems face sustainability problems due to an ageing society, the recent financial crisis reveals the problematic nature of funded private pensions that fall short of expected returns. What have been the experiences in developed multipillar systems in providing adequate pensions for all? What can be learned for those pension systems currently under reform? This edited book compares the varieties of pension governance in ten European countries. It contrasts the experience of developed multipillar systems such as Britain, the Netherlands, and Switzerland with emerging multipillar systems in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden as well as the still dominantly Bismarckian social insurance systems of Belgium, France, Germany, and Italy. Each of the ten country chapters investigates how and why old age income responsibilities have been shifted from the state to employers, unions, and individuals. The country experts first describe the changing public–private pension mix and then discuss the particular features of the private (occupational and personal) pensions. They answer four major questions: who is covered, what kind of benefits, who pays, and who governs private pensions? In addition, three comparative analyses review the long-term institutional change from public to multipillar pension systems, map the cross-national variations in regulation and governance of private pensions, and investigate the consequences for old age income inequality in Europe.
Stefan Ecks and Ian Harper
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691157382
- eISBN:
- 9781400846801
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691157382.003.0013
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter explores how public–private collaborations can be successful in India. Public–private mixes (PPMs) are an important part of the Stop TB campaign globally, but they are especially vital ...
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This chapter explores how public–private collaborations can be successful in India. Public–private mixes (PPMs) are an important part of the Stop TB campaign globally, but they are especially vital in India. One reason for this is the sheer number of TB patients. India has more people suffering from TB than any other country. Another critical reason is that an overwhelming number of these patients are being treated in the private sector and are often receiving a low quality of care. The chapter follows the pharmaceutical industry's efforts to shape the diagnosis and treatment of TB, homing in on interactions between medical representatives and doctors, and showing how the very materiality of global health interventions (drugs, protocols, policies, recordkeeping) provides the context for the expansion of a private therapeutic market.Less
This chapter explores how public–private collaborations can be successful in India. Public–private mixes (PPMs) are an important part of the Stop TB campaign globally, but they are especially vital in India. One reason for this is the sheer number of TB patients. India has more people suffering from TB than any other country. Another critical reason is that an overwhelming number of these patients are being treated in the private sector and are often receiving a low quality of care. The chapter follows the pharmaceutical industry's efforts to shape the diagnosis and treatment of TB, homing in on interactions between medical representatives and doctors, and showing how the very materiality of global health interventions (drugs, protocols, policies, recordkeeping) provides the context for the expansion of a private therapeutic market.
Ken McDonnell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199573349
- eISBN:
- 9780191721946
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199573349.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management, Pensions and Pension Management
It is often argued that compensation patterns for public sector employees are higher than in the private sector. This chapter examines some of the reasons for the observed differences in total ...
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It is often argued that compensation patterns for public sector employees are higher than in the private sector. This chapter examines some of the reasons for the observed differences in total compensation costs between US state and local government employers and private industry employers. The author examines compensation costs by industry, occupation, union status, and employee benefit participation.Less
It is often argued that compensation patterns for public sector employees are higher than in the private sector. This chapter examines some of the reasons for the observed differences in total compensation costs between US state and local government employers and private industry employers. The author examines compensation costs by industry, occupation, union status, and employee benefit participation.
Bernhard Ebbinghaus
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199586028
- eISBN:
- 9780191725586
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586028.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
The introductory chapter discusses the need for studying the changing public–private pension mix and the governance and regulation of private (occupational and personal) pensions. Public pension ...
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The introductory chapter discusses the need for studying the changing public–private pension mix and the governance and regulation of private (occupational and personal) pensions. Public pension systems with pay-as-you-go financing have not only come under pressure due to demographic and socio-economic changes but also the recent financial crisis has challenged funded private pensions. Mapping the main features of the public–private pension mix of the selected ten European countries, the chapter gives an overview of the content of the country chapters, drawing some lessons from their varied experiences. The introduction also sketches the main topics of the three comparative studies on the changing public–private pension mix, the varieties of pension governance and regulation as well as the poverty and inequality patterns emerging from the different pension systems.Less
The introductory chapter discusses the need for studying the changing public–private pension mix and the governance and regulation of private (occupational and personal) pensions. Public pension systems with pay-as-you-go financing have not only come under pressure due to demographic and socio-economic changes but also the recent financial crisis has challenged funded private pensions. Mapping the main features of the public–private pension mix of the selected ten European countries, the chapter gives an overview of the content of the country chapters, drawing some lessons from their varied experiences. The introduction also sketches the main topics of the three comparative studies on the changing public–private pension mix, the varieties of pension governance and regulation as well as the poverty and inequality patterns emerging from the different pension systems.
Paul Borgman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195331608
- eISBN:
- 9780199868001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331608.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
Before hearing about how David the father faces hearing news of three successive sons' deaths, we are shown David's response to death‐news of three successive political opponents, or would‐be ...
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Before hearing about how David the father faces hearing news of three successive sons' deaths, we are shown David's response to death‐news of three successive political opponents, or would‐be opponents. Taken together, the six instances of David's responding to death‐news, preceded by the Eli instance of responding to the same news, repeat formal elements in such a way as to shed increased light on the complexity of David. The tension between the private‐ and public‐Davids, for example, comes into clear focus, setting the narrative stage for a seventh instance, an epilogue of sorts, of private‐David working in synch with public‐David, toward communal well‐being. Six instances of death‐news begins, again, with Eli hearing of his sons' death (I, 4:10‐18), followed by David receiving news of Saul's & Jonathan's deaths (II, 1:1‐27); King David hearing of Abner's death (II, 3:28‐39), then of Ishbaal's death (II, 4:5‐12); then father‐David hearing of his infant son's death (II, 12:15‐24); of son Amnon's death (II, 13:21‐39); of son Absalom's death (II, 18:24‐19:8). The pattern is complete with a twist: father‐David, as king, says “no” to son Adonijah upon hearing ominous (not death) news (I Kings: 1:5‐31).Less
Before hearing about how David the father faces hearing news of three successive sons' deaths, we are shown David's response to death‐news of three successive political opponents, or would‐be opponents. Taken together, the six instances of David's responding to death‐news, preceded by the Eli instance of responding to the same news, repeat formal elements in such a way as to shed increased light on the complexity of David. The tension between the private‐ and public‐Davids, for example, comes into clear focus, setting the narrative stage for a seventh instance, an epilogue of sorts, of private‐David working in synch with public‐David, toward communal well‐being. Six instances of death‐news begins, again, with Eli hearing of his sons' death (I, 4:10‐18), followed by David receiving news of Saul's & Jonathan's deaths (II, 1:1‐27); King David hearing of Abner's death (II, 3:28‐39), then of Ishbaal's death (II, 4:5‐12); then father‐David hearing of his infant son's death (II, 12:15‐24); of son Amnon's death (II, 13:21‐39); of son Absalom's death (II, 18:24‐19:8). The pattern is complete with a twist: father‐David, as king, says “no” to son Adonijah upon hearing ominous (not death) news (I Kings: 1:5‐31).
Catherine M. Donnelly
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199298242
- eISBN:
- 9780191711626
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298242.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
Through a comparative analysis of England, the European Union, and the United States, this book considers legal responses to delegation of governmental power to private parties. Although private ...
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Through a comparative analysis of England, the European Union, and the United States, this book considers legal responses to delegation of governmental power to private parties. Although private delegation can enhance the effectiveness of governance, it can also create risks to democracy, accountability, and human rights. Thus, any legal controls on delegation must provide a balance between these competing interests. The legal responses of the three jurisdictions to private delegation are categorised in a two-fold and functional way: responses which impose controls on the delegator of governmental power, and responses which impose controls on the private delegate of governmental power. The controls imposed by different legal disciplines such as constitutional law, administrative law, regulatory law, and private law are assessed. Three goals are pursued. First, the relationship between the different legal responses is illustrated. Second, within the discussion of each individual legal control, appropriate responses to private delegation are analysed. Third, it is demonstrated that at present, the response of all three jurisdictions to private delegation is inadequate, albeit to differing degrees. A much greater awareness of the risks of private delegation and a greater sense of responsibility on the part of the judiciary are required if these legal systems are to respond appropriately to the challenge of delegation of governmental power to private parties.Less
Through a comparative analysis of England, the European Union, and the United States, this book considers legal responses to delegation of governmental power to private parties. Although private delegation can enhance the effectiveness of governance, it can also create risks to democracy, accountability, and human rights. Thus, any legal controls on delegation must provide a balance between these competing interests. The legal responses of the three jurisdictions to private delegation are categorised in a two-fold and functional way: responses which impose controls on the delegator of governmental power, and responses which impose controls on the private delegate of governmental power. The controls imposed by different legal disciplines such as constitutional law, administrative law, regulatory law, and private law are assessed. Three goals are pursued. First, the relationship between the different legal responses is illustrated. Second, within the discussion of each individual legal control, appropriate responses to private delegation are analysed. Third, it is demonstrated that at present, the response of all three jurisdictions to private delegation is inadequate, albeit to differing degrees. A much greater awareness of the risks of private delegation and a greater sense of responsibility on the part of the judiciary are required if these legal systems are to respond appropriately to the challenge of delegation of governmental power to private parties.
Simon Domberger
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198774570
- eISBN:
- 9780191596148
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198774575.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This chapter and the following two look at the structural changes that have resulted from the economy‐wide application of contracting out. The public sector is, perhaps, the one that has been most ...
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This chapter and the following two look at the structural changes that have resulted from the economy‐wide application of contracting out. The public sector is, perhaps, the one that has been most profoundly affected by it, and about which controversy concerning the appropriate scope of private and public production continues to smoulder. Chapter 9 considers the issues relevant to public sector contracting, including the potential benefits and problems. The emphasis is on application, and the identification of the limits to contracting activity. The different parts of the chapter are as follows: The role of contracting in public sector reform; Potential benefits of public sector contracting; Problems of public sector contracting; Private–public sector competition––a level playing field? and The limits to public sector contracting.Less
This chapter and the following two look at the structural changes that have resulted from the economy‐wide application of contracting out. The public sector is, perhaps, the one that has been most profoundly affected by it, and about which controversy concerning the appropriate scope of private and public production continues to smoulder. Chapter 9 considers the issues relevant to public sector contracting, including the potential benefits and problems. The emphasis is on application, and the identification of the limits to contracting activity. The different parts of the chapter are as follows: The role of contracting in public sector reform; Potential benefits of public sector contracting; Problems of public sector contracting; Private–public sector competition––a level playing field? and The limits to public sector contracting.
Jana Marguerite Bennett
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195315431
- eISBN:
- 9780199872022
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195315431.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter examines prevalent contemporary theologies of marriage, including “the domestic church,” nuptial theology, and the Religion, Culture, and Family Project at the University of Chicago. ...
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This chapter examines prevalent contemporary theologies of marriage, including “the domestic church,” nuptial theology, and the Religion, Culture, and Family Project at the University of Chicago. These theologies (among others) present problems for considering both marriage and singleness theologically. These include three difficult dichotomies: male/female gender roles that continue to be central to feminist discussions about families; an idolization of marriage to the detriment of single people; and a public/private distinction that sees religion and households as related to more “public” activities of politics and economic trade, but secondary. The argument of this book is not to suggest that these dichotomies can necessarily be overcome, or easily shrugged away, but rather to claim that a more fruitful path for theologians is to consider households more broadly. The idea of marriage and singleness together, in relation to the Household of God, comes forward as a possible alternative.Less
This chapter examines prevalent contemporary theologies of marriage, including “the domestic church,” nuptial theology, and the Religion, Culture, and Family Project at the University of Chicago. These theologies (among others) present problems for considering both marriage and singleness theologically. These include three difficult dichotomies: male/female gender roles that continue to be central to feminist discussions about families; an idolization of marriage to the detriment of single people; and a public/private distinction that sees religion and households as related to more “public” activities of politics and economic trade, but secondary. The argument of this book is not to suggest that these dichotomies can necessarily be overcome, or easily shrugged away, but rather to claim that a more fruitful path for theologians is to consider households more broadly. The idea of marriage and singleness together, in relation to the Household of God, comes forward as a possible alternative.
Catherine M Donnelly
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199298242
- eISBN:
- 9780191711626
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298242.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter considers control techniques which tend to regulate the day-to-day management details of private delegation. The focus is on executive delegators, because by their nature — and unlike ...
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This chapter considers control techniques which tend to regulate the day-to-day management details of private delegation. The focus is on executive delegators, because by their nature — and unlike the constitutional controls considered in Chapter 4, which have the potential to apply to all governmental actors — legislative and regulatory controls are not generally used to constrain legislators. The emphasis is also primarily on the executive's use of its dominium power as an instrument of delegation; in particular, the use of contract and grant as mechanisms of delegation are examined carefully. Questions considered include limiting the tasks that can be delegated to private actors through regulation and protection of vulnerable populations through procurement rules. An extensive range of legal control is reviewed including public-private partnership policy statements, private finance initiative, EU public procurement law, the EU's 2002 Financial Regulation, the US Federal Acquisitions Regulations, and US federal Circular A-76.Less
This chapter considers control techniques which tend to regulate the day-to-day management details of private delegation. The focus is on executive delegators, because by their nature — and unlike the constitutional controls considered in Chapter 4, which have the potential to apply to all governmental actors — legislative and regulatory controls are not generally used to constrain legislators. The emphasis is also primarily on the executive's use of its dominium power as an instrument of delegation; in particular, the use of contract and grant as mechanisms of delegation are examined carefully. Questions considered include limiting the tasks that can be delegated to private actors through regulation and protection of vulnerable populations through procurement rules. An extensive range of legal control is reviewed including public-private partnership policy statements, private finance initiative, EU public procurement law, the EU's 2002 Financial Regulation, the US Federal Acquisitions Regulations, and US federal Circular A-76.
Michael Likosky
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199574124
- eISBN:
- 9780191721816
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574124.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
This chapter describes the links between privatization of military civilian activities and the significance this has for efforts to hold PMSCs accountable for their conduct. Through examining the ...
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This chapter describes the links between privatization of military civilian activities and the significance this has for efforts to hold PMSCs accountable for their conduct. Through examining the trajectory of privatization through time and across sectors, it outlines the important role that public-private partnerships played from colonialism to the 20th-century industrialization of the United States. The link between nominally civilian privatization projects and violence is explored through a Peruvian natural gas pipeline project: the contract did not directly address security questions but its effect on an indigenous population was no less violent. The difficulty of dissociating public and private aspects of a given industry is seen in the modern high tech industry: though its archetype is the garage entrepreneur made good, the foundations of this industry lie squarely in the US Department of Defense. Both insights suggest the need to have a broader and more flexible approach to accountability.Less
This chapter describes the links between privatization of military civilian activities and the significance this has for efforts to hold PMSCs accountable for their conduct. Through examining the trajectory of privatization through time and across sectors, it outlines the important role that public-private partnerships played from colonialism to the 20th-century industrialization of the United States. The link between nominally civilian privatization projects and violence is explored through a Peruvian natural gas pipeline project: the contract did not directly address security questions but its effect on an indigenous population was no less violent. The difficulty of dissociating public and private aspects of a given industry is seen in the modern high tech industry: though its archetype is the garage entrepreneur made good, the foundations of this industry lie squarely in the US Department of Defense. Both insights suggest the need to have a broader and more flexible approach to accountability.
Catherine Donnelly
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199589104
- eISBN:
- 9780191595455
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199589104.003.0015
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Public International Law
Relying on a comparison of the United Kingdom, the United, the EU, and France, this chapter considers whether, and to what extent, there are common approaches in the policies and practices across ...
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Relying on a comparison of the United Kingdom, the United, the EU, and France, this chapter considers whether, and to what extent, there are common approaches in the policies and practices across jurisdictions regarding public-private partnerships (PPPs). The aim is to refine formulations of such principles of international investment law, as fair and equitable treatment of the investor, transparency, legitimate expectations, proportionality, and due process as they apply to PPPs. It is argued that advertising, competition, and a qualified lowest price award criterion promote transparency. While legitimate expectations are protected, the principle is curtailed by the governmental desire to preserve flexibility, increasing periodic review, and the overriding importance of legality of public contracting. Due process is promoted by provision for remedies in the event of violation of award procedures or the contract itself; while proportionality requires that contractors not be penalized excessively for contractual breaches.Less
Relying on a comparison of the United Kingdom, the United, the EU, and France, this chapter considers whether, and to what extent, there are common approaches in the policies and practices across jurisdictions regarding public-private partnerships (PPPs). The aim is to refine formulations of such principles of international investment law, as fair and equitable treatment of the investor, transparency, legitimate expectations, proportionality, and due process as they apply to PPPs. It is argued that advertising, competition, and a qualified lowest price award criterion promote transparency. While legitimate expectations are protected, the principle is curtailed by the governmental desire to preserve flexibility, increasing periodic review, and the overriding importance of legality of public contracting. Due process is promoted by provision for remedies in the event of violation of award procedures or the contract itself; while proportionality requires that contractors not be penalized excessively for contractual breaches.
