Christopher Hood
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197262948
- eISBN:
- 9780191734762
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262948.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter discusses three possible interpretations of the development of British Public Administration over the twentieth century as a way of assessing its contribution to political science. Those ...
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This chapter discusses three possible interpretations of the development of British Public Administration over the twentieth century as a way of assessing its contribution to political science. Those interpretations are respectively labelled ‘dodo’, ‘phoenix’, and ‘chameleon’. The ‘dodo’ interpretation is a pessimistic fin de siècle view of British Public Administration as in serious decline from early promise and former greatness. The ‘phoenix’ interpretation is a more optimistic perception of the subject as advancing in scientific rigour and conceptual sophistication over the century, leaving behind the outmoded styles of the past. A third view, the ‘chameleon’ interpretation, is a picture of lateral transformation, with the adoption of new intellectual colouring and markings to fit a new era.Less
This chapter discusses three possible interpretations of the development of British Public Administration over the twentieth century as a way of assessing its contribution to political science. Those interpretations are respectively labelled ‘dodo’, ‘phoenix’, and ‘chameleon’. The ‘dodo’ interpretation is a pessimistic fin de siècle view of British Public Administration as in serious decline from early promise and former greatness. The ‘phoenix’ interpretation is a more optimistic perception of the subject as advancing in scientific rigour and conceptual sophistication over the century, leaving behind the outmoded styles of the past. A third view, the ‘chameleon’ interpretation, is a picture of lateral transformation, with the adoption of new intellectual colouring and markings to fit a new era.
B. Guy Peters and Vincent Wright
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294719
- eISBN:
- 9780191599361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294719.003.0027
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
Public administration research and theory has undergone a fundamental change, unlike any other area in political science. Six fundamental assumptions of public administration have been challenged ...
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Public administration research and theory has undergone a fundamental change, unlike any other area in political science. Six fundamental assumptions of public administration have been challenged during this transformation: the assumptions of bureaucratic self‐sufficiency, direct control, uniformity, accountability, standardization of procedure, and an apolitical service. These assumptions have been challenged as ‘new managerialism’, ‘new patrimonalism’, and ‘new fragmentation’ have superseded thinking about public administration.Less
Public administration research and theory has undergone a fundamental change, unlike any other area in political science. Six fundamental assumptions of public administration have been challenged during this transformation: the assumptions of bureaucratic self‐sufficiency, direct control, uniformity, accountability, standardization of procedure, and an apolitical service. These assumptions have been challenged as ‘new managerialism’, ‘new patrimonalism’, and ‘new fragmentation’ have superseded thinking about public administration.
B. Guy Peters
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199250158
- eISBN:
- 9780191599439
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199250154.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The title of this chapter reflects an important question about the contemporary development of public administration and its role within the contemporary state. It is clear that the public sectors in ...
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The title of this chapter reflects an important question about the contemporary development of public administration and its role within the contemporary state. It is clear that the public sectors in most contemporary European countries have been through some process of administrative reform, and that the traditional public bureaucratic (Weberian) sector has been, to a great extent, dismantled. The character of the emergent system for governing is not always clear, but the question posed by the reforms that have taken place is whether that earlier version of government can, or should, in any way be recaptured. The implicit and explicit argument is that a good deal of value has been lost through these changes in the style of governing, but that it may well be impossible (and undesirable) to rebuild anything approximating the older version of the state and the public bureaucracy. The different sections of the chapter look at the Weberian state (and other forms of bureaucratic government), critiques of the Weberian model, the dismantling administrative reforms of the 1980s and 1990s, and the issue of putting back together the Weberian state.Less
The title of this chapter reflects an important question about the contemporary development of public administration and its role within the contemporary state. It is clear that the public sectors in most contemporary European countries have been through some process of administrative reform, and that the traditional public bureaucratic (Weberian) sector has been, to a great extent, dismantled. The character of the emergent system for governing is not always clear, but the question posed by the reforms that have taken place is whether that earlier version of government can, or should, in any way be recaptured. The implicit and explicit argument is that a good deal of value has been lost through these changes in the style of governing, but that it may well be impossible (and undesirable) to rebuild anything approximating the older version of the state and the public bureaucracy. The different sections of the chapter look at the Weberian state (and other forms of bureaucratic government), critiques of the Weberian model, the dismantling administrative reforms of the 1980s and 1990s, and the issue of putting back together the Weberian state.
Gavin Drewry
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294719
- eISBN:
- 9780191599361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294719.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
Questions the omission of law and legal perspectives in political science and advocates its relevance and overlap in two country examples: the USA and the UK. Legal politics, the role of the ...
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Questions the omission of law and legal perspectives in political science and advocates its relevance and overlap in two country examples: the USA and the UK. Legal politics, the role of the judiciary, public law and administration, and the constitutional politics of America are provided as examples, intended to generate future relationships in the areas of law and political science.Less
Questions the omission of law and legal perspectives in political science and advocates its relevance and overlap in two country examples: the USA and the UK. Legal politics, the role of the judiciary, public law and administration, and the constitutional politics of America are provided as examples, intended to generate future relationships in the areas of law and political science.
Johan P. Olsen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199593934
- eISBN:
- 9780191594632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199593934.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, European Union
The democratic‐instrumental vision prescribes that public administration shall be a tool for preparing and executing policies and the will of the people. However, little is said about how ...
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The democratic‐instrumental vision prescribes that public administration shall be a tool for preparing and executing policies and the will of the people. However, little is said about how administrative performance depends on how it is organized and how democracies best balance majority and non‐majority institutions. Chapter 5 conceives bureaucracy as a composite organization founded on three coexisting normative and organizational principles: formal-hierarchical position, legal rules, and expert knowledge. External relations are channelled through three gatekeeping institutions: legislatures, courts, and universities. There has not been a monotonic development towards an inevitable victory for bureaucratic organization, as argued by Weber, or towards de-bureaucratization, as argued by his critics. Both predictions assume context‐free principles that are functionally and normatively superior, resulting in convergence on a dominant model. This view contrasts with the observations that administrative practice and ideas have been closely linked to the territory, institutions, history, politics, and culture of specific polities.Less
The democratic‐instrumental vision prescribes that public administration shall be a tool for preparing and executing policies and the will of the people. However, little is said about how administrative performance depends on how it is organized and how democracies best balance majority and non‐majority institutions. Chapter 5 conceives bureaucracy as a composite organization founded on three coexisting normative and organizational principles: formal-hierarchical position, legal rules, and expert knowledge. External relations are channelled through three gatekeeping institutions: legislatures, courts, and universities. There has not been a monotonic development towards an inevitable victory for bureaucratic organization, as argued by Weber, or towards de-bureaucratization, as argued by his critics. Both predictions assume context‐free principles that are functionally and normatively superior, resulting in convergence on a dominant model. This view contrasts with the observations that administrative practice and ideas have been closely linked to the territory, institutions, history, politics, and culture of specific polities.
Luc Rouban
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294467
- eISBN:
- 9780191600067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294468.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
In France, the notion of a senior civil servant is a social rather than a legal one, and senior civil servants may be defined through their role as privileged partners of political power and ...
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In France, the notion of a senior civil servant is a social rather than a legal one, and senior civil servants may be defined through their role as privileged partners of political power and participation in government decision‐making; they are a heterogeneous group of senior managers of the state public administration, whose members share neither the same careers nor prestige nor professional culture, and regard themselves generally as intellectuals rather than as managers. The relationship between senior civil servants and politicians is more ambiguous and closer in the 1990s than it was during the 1960s, and the politicization of the senior civil service has been considerably strengthened, but senior civil servants still consider themselves as representing the permanence of the state, and are still reluctant to talk freely about their political involvements. Whatever the social changes that have occurred during the last 15 years and whatever the political changes, the senior civil service remains strong. An overview of the higher French civil service has to take into account three variables that interact simultaneously: the fundamentally individualistic culture acquired during years of professional training; the decisive role of the grand corps in the career path and in the representation of what is ‘good administrative work’; and the privileged social rank of the higher civil service. This chapter presents the main characteristics of senior public managers in France by trying to highlight signs of an evolution since the 1960s; the different sections look at recruitment and promotion methods, the political activity and mobility of senior civil servants, the internal hierarchy of the civil service, the sociological characteristics of senior public managers, the professional relationships of senior civil servants, the absence of any higher civil service policy, and the debated question of the erosion of higher civil service social status.Less
In France, the notion of a senior civil servant is a social rather than a legal one, and senior civil servants may be defined through their role as privileged partners of political power and participation in government decision‐making; they are a heterogeneous group of senior managers of the state public administration, whose members share neither the same careers nor prestige nor professional culture, and regard themselves generally as intellectuals rather than as managers. The relationship between senior civil servants and politicians is more ambiguous and closer in the 1990s than it was during the 1960s, and the politicization of the senior civil service has been considerably strengthened, but senior civil servants still consider themselves as representing the permanence of the state, and are still reluctant to talk freely about their political involvements. Whatever the social changes that have occurred during the last 15 years and whatever the political changes, the senior civil service remains strong. An overview of the higher French civil service has to take into account three variables that interact simultaneously: the fundamentally individualistic culture acquired during years of professional training; the decisive role of the grand corps in the career path and in the representation of what is ‘good administrative work’; and the privileged social rank of the higher civil service. This chapter presents the main characteristics of senior public managers in France by trying to highlight signs of an evolution since the 1960s; the different sections look at recruitment and promotion methods, the political activity and mobility of senior civil servants, the internal hierarchy of the civil service, the sociological characteristics of senior public managers, the professional relationships of senior civil servants, the absence of any higher civil service policy, and the debated question of the erosion of higher civil service social status.
Klaus H. Goetz
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199250158
- eISBN:
- 9780191599439
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199250154.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The comparative study of European executives stands at the interface of two subdisciplines of political science – comparative government (which focuses on the primarily political and governmental ...
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The comparative study of European executives stands at the interface of two subdisciplines of political science – comparative government (which focuses on the primarily political and governmental aspects of the executive) and comparative public administration (which focuses on the bureaucratic parts of the executive that extend beneath its thin political veneer). The tension between politics and administration is central to understanding the institutionalization of executives: it is first about the tasks that executives are expected to perform and the most appropriate executive organization; and second about the relation between the formal office and the office holders. The first main section of the chapter analyses how these two constitutive tensions in the institutionalization of executives play out in different countries; the discussion is with reference to executive coordination and the organization of centres of government. Further sections discuss the evaluation of executives, and executive reform. Overall, the analysis of the state of, and trends in, executive development suggests that the institutional foundations and fortifications of the executive may be less solid than is generally assumed.Less
The comparative study of European executives stands at the interface of two subdisciplines of political science – comparative government (which focuses on the primarily political and governmental aspects of the executive) and comparative public administration (which focuses on the bureaucratic parts of the executive that extend beneath its thin political veneer). The tension between politics and administration is central to understanding the institutionalization of executives: it is first about the tasks that executives are expected to perform and the most appropriate executive organization; and second about the relation between the formal office and the office holders. The first main section of the chapter analyses how these two constitutive tensions in the institutionalization of executives play out in different countries; the discussion is with reference to executive coordination and the organization of centres of government. Further sections discuss the evaluation of executives, and executive reform. Overall, the analysis of the state of, and trends in, executive development suggests that the institutional foundations and fortifications of the executive may be less solid than is generally assumed.
Hanne Nexø Jensen and Tim Knudsen
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294467
- eISBN:
- 9780191600067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294468.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The Danish senior civil service has a mixture of older and newer traditions, in which history and tradition are very important. Accordingly, this chapter starts by summarizing the historical ...
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The Danish senior civil service has a mixture of older and newer traditions, in which history and tradition are very important. Accordingly, this chapter starts by summarizing the historical background to the Danish central public administration and the historical role of Danish civil servants. Further sections then introduce the common organizational principles governing the central public administration. The different sections discuss: ranks and numbers of senior civil servants at the top levels; methods of recruitment and promotion; inter‐ministerial mobility; pay; party membership and the senior civil service; the status in the civil service of high status ministries; the social and educational background of top officials; women at the top; interaction and formal contacts within and between ministries; and political party policies towards the senior civil service.Less
The Danish senior civil service has a mixture of older and newer traditions, in which history and tradition are very important. Accordingly, this chapter starts by summarizing the historical background to the Danish central public administration and the historical role of Danish civil servants. Further sections then introduce the common organizational principles governing the central public administration. The different sections discuss: ranks and numbers of senior civil servants at the top levels; methods of recruitment and promotion; inter‐ministerial mobility; pay; party membership and the senior civil service; the status in the civil service of high status ministries; the social and educational background of top officials; women at the top; interaction and formal contacts within and between ministries; and political party policies towards the senior civil service.
Andrew Jordan and Adriaan Schout
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199286959
- eISBN:
- 9780191713279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286959.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter offers a more detailed theoretical explanation of the tools employed to assess the coordination capacities at network and actor level. The different sections link the two major ...
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This chapter offers a more detailed theoretical explanation of the tools employed to assess the coordination capacities at network and actor level. The different sections link the two major theoretical concepts (networks and governance), provide different views on the management of networks, present a scale covering the different meanings of coordination, and describe how this will be used to assess coordination during the different phases of EU policy making.Less
This chapter offers a more detailed theoretical explanation of the tools employed to assess the coordination capacities at network and actor level. The different sections link the two major theoretical concepts (networks and governance), provide different views on the management of networks, present a scale covering the different meanings of coordination, and describe how this will be used to assess coordination during the different phases of EU policy making.
Jon Pierre and Peter Ehn
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294467
- eISBN:
- 9780191600067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294468.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The first part of this chapter discusses retrenchment, recent institutional changes, and senior civil servants in Sweden; it attributes the recent changes in the senior civil service to the budgetary ...
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The first part of this chapter discusses retrenchment, recent institutional changes, and senior civil servants in Sweden; it attributes the recent changes in the senior civil service to the budgetary crisis of the state and the emergence of a less interventionalist control regime, in which the heyday of state‐driven economic and social change has gone. The main source of uncertainty now concerns the final destination of the rapid changes in many core aspects of Swedish politics and public administration. The different sections of the chapter look at: the size and structure of the Swedish civil service; ranks of senior civil servants; systems of recruitment and promotion; party membership among senior civil servants; inter‐ministerial mobility of civil servants; status in the civil service; the social and educational backgrounds of top officials; informal contacts across ministries and between ministries and agencies; the relationship between national and sub‐national officials and those working in agencies; political party policies towards the civil service; and the social status of the senior civil service.Less
The first part of this chapter discusses retrenchment, recent institutional changes, and senior civil servants in Sweden; it attributes the recent changes in the senior civil service to the budgetary crisis of the state and the emergence of a less interventionalist control regime, in which the heyday of state‐driven economic and social change has gone. The main source of uncertainty now concerns the final destination of the rapid changes in many core aspects of Swedish politics and public administration. The different sections of the chapter look at: the size and structure of the Swedish civil service; ranks of senior civil servants; systems of recruitment and promotion; party membership among senior civil servants; inter‐ministerial mobility of civil servants; status in the civil service; the social and educational backgrounds of top officials; informal contacts across ministries and between ministries and agencies; the relationship between national and sub‐national officials and those working in agencies; political party policies towards the civil service; and the social status of the senior civil service.
Jack Hayward and Anand Menon (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199250158
- eISBN:
- 9780191599439
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199250154.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This book is intended to be the leading advanced survey of politics in Western Europe. It examines in detail all aspects of political life in Western Europe, from public protest to core executives, ...
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This book is intended to be the leading advanced survey of politics in Western Europe. It examines in detail all aspects of political life in Western Europe, from public protest to core executives, and from social policy to Europe’s place in the world. It brings together a team of leading scholars from the United Kingdom, continental Europe and North America. The contributions provide not only a sophisticated introduction to the various issues covered, but also a detailed discussion of the major theoretical and empirical debates and developments in the field. The book thus combines the functions of providing a comprehensive overview and a series of original contributions to scholarly debate. It has 23 chapters, two of which are introductory, and look at institutions and the evolution of European democracy, and national courts and European Community Law. The focus of the remainder is on European core executives (4 chapters), public administration (4 chapters), parties and organized interests (3 chapters), democracy and popular participation (3 chapters), public policy (4 chapters) and the changing European state (3 chapters). The book is intended as a tribute to the late Vincent Wright of Nuffield College, Oxford University, to whom the Foreword and Preface are devoted.Less
This book is intended to be the leading advanced survey of politics in Western Europe. It examines in detail all aspects of political life in Western Europe, from public protest to core executives, and from social policy to Europe’s place in the world. It brings together a team of leading scholars from the United Kingdom, continental Europe and North America. The contributions provide not only a sophisticated introduction to the various issues covered, but also a detailed discussion of the major theoretical and empirical debates and developments in the field. The book thus combines the functions of providing a comprehensive overview and a series of original contributions to scholarly debate. It has 23 chapters, two of which are introductory, and look at institutions and the evolution of European democracy, and national courts and European Community Law. The focus of the remainder is on European core executives (4 chapters), public administration (4 chapters), parties and organized interests (3 chapters), democracy and popular participation (3 chapters), public policy (4 chapters) and the changing European state (3 chapters). The book is intended as a tribute to the late Vincent Wright of Nuffield College, Oxford University, to whom the Foreword and Preface are devoted.
Johan P. Olsen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199593934
- eISBN:
- 9780191594632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199593934.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, European Union
Chapter 4 explores the processes through which institutions struggle for a place in the democratic order and how they achieve and lose primacy and autonomy. It attends to why it is difficult to find ...
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Chapter 4 explores the processes through which institutions struggle for a place in the democratic order and how they achieve and lose primacy and autonomy. It attends to why it is difficult to find a form of political organization that is perceived as normatively best and also sustainable, securing a stable equilibrium between central government and partly autonomous institutions. The analytical value of ‘autonomy’ as detachment from politics and the apolitical dynamics of change assumed by many New Public Management reforms are questioned, and the interplay between central authority and institutional autonomy is interpreted as an artefact of partly decoupled inter-institutional processes involving the struggle for power among interdependent and co-evolving institutions that are carriers of competing yet legitimate values, interests, behavioural logics, and resources. The issues are illustrated by the cases of public administration and the public university.Less
Chapter 4 explores the processes through which institutions struggle for a place in the democratic order and how they achieve and lose primacy and autonomy. It attends to why it is difficult to find a form of political organization that is perceived as normatively best and also sustainable, securing a stable equilibrium between central government and partly autonomous institutions. The analytical value of ‘autonomy’ as detachment from politics and the apolitical dynamics of change assumed by many New Public Management reforms are questioned, and the interplay between central authority and institutional autonomy is interpreted as an artefact of partly decoupled inter-institutional processes involving the struggle for power among interdependent and co-evolving institutions that are carriers of competing yet legitimate values, interests, behavioural logics, and resources. The issues are illustrated by the cases of public administration and the public university.
Jos C.N Raadschelders
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199693894
- eISBN:
- 9780191731877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693894.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management
Since public administration scholarship has to rely on knowledge sources across the three branches of knowledge, it is not surprising that the study features a great variety of theories-in-use. These ...
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Since public administration scholarship has to rely on knowledge sources across the three branches of knowledge, it is not surprising that the study features a great variety of theories-in-use. These are discussed in terms of their nature (art, craft/profession, science). Some PA-scholars favor a positivist approach believing that to be more scientific. In this chapter the case is made that PA-theory has to work with multiple approaches and theories for only then can it capture government’s complexity.Less
Since public administration scholarship has to rely on knowledge sources across the three branches of knowledge, it is not surprising that the study features a great variety of theories-in-use. These are discussed in terms of their nature (art, craft/profession, science). Some PA-scholars favor a positivist approach believing that to be more scientific. In this chapter the case is made that PA-theory has to work with multiple approaches and theories for only then can it capture government’s complexity.
Cybelle Fox
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691152233
- eISBN:
- 9781400842582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691152233.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter focuses on the first New Deal and access to Federal Emergency Relief, as well as the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Public Works Administration, and the Civil Works Administration. ...
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This chapter focuses on the first New Deal and access to Federal Emergency Relief, as well as the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Public Works Administration, and the Civil Works Administration. Despite the New Deal's nationalizing reforms, intended largely to standardize relief policies across the country, local political economies and racial regimes continued to influence the administration of relief. Like blacks, Mexicans gained significantly greater access to relief during the New Deal, although they continued to face racial discrimination at the local level. Citizenship barriers were also typically strongest for local public work programs out West, and Mexican Americans were sometimes wrongly denied work relief on the assumption that they were non-citizens. The largest relief program during the first New Deal was the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), which brought blacks and Mexicans unprecedented access to relief.Less
This chapter focuses on the first New Deal and access to Federal Emergency Relief, as well as the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Public Works Administration, and the Civil Works Administration. Despite the New Deal's nationalizing reforms, intended largely to standardize relief policies across the country, local political economies and racial regimes continued to influence the administration of relief. Like blacks, Mexicans gained significantly greater access to relief during the New Deal, although they continued to face racial discrimination at the local level. Citizenship barriers were also typically strongest for local public work programs out West, and Mexican Americans were sometimes wrongly denied work relief on the assumption that they were non-citizens. The largest relief program during the first New Deal was the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), which brought blacks and Mexicans unprecedented access to relief.
R. B. MCDOWELL
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199583744
- eISBN:
- 9780191702365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199583744.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the historical developments in public administration and public services in Ireland during the period from 1870 to 1921. It discusses the launch of an open competitive ...
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This chapter examines the historical developments in public administration and public services in Ireland during the period from 1870 to 1921. It discusses the launch of an open competitive examination for entry into the civil service and the Irish Civil Service Committee's (ICSC) fight against the tripartite division of the civil service. The chapter also highlights the increased activities of the local government board and the department of agriculture during the war, the establishment of the ministry of food and ministry of national service in 1917, and the creation of the department of education in 1920.Less
This chapter examines the historical developments in public administration and public services in Ireland during the period from 1870 to 1921. It discusses the launch of an open competitive examination for entry into the civil service and the Irish Civil Service Committee's (ICSC) fight against the tripartite division of the civil service. The chapter also highlights the increased activities of the local government board and the department of agriculture during the war, the establishment of the ministry of food and ministry of national service in 1917, and the creation of the department of education in 1920.
Denis Saint-Martin
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199269068
- eISBN:
- 9780191699344
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199269068.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management, Organization Studies
As political leaders decided to make radical changes in the conduct of public administration, the centralized and hierarchical form of bureaucracy improved into a more flexible, responsive, ...
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As political leaders decided to make radical changes in the conduct of public administration, the centralized and hierarchical form of bureaucracy improved into a more flexible, responsive, market-based, and client-oriented form of public management. In this event, political change is also evident since the state attempts to open up its functions to competition to better accommodate citizens or ‘clients’. This change represents a ‘paradigm shift’ from the Weberian model of public administration to the ‘new managerialism’ — the process where states undergo bureaucratic reform by internalizing core values and practices that can be attributed to the private sector. This chapter includes a discussion about the evolution and spread of various managerialist ideas, the role of management consultants and the state on the politics of managerialism, and introduces the plan of the book and how the study uses primary data and quantitative evidence.Less
As political leaders decided to make radical changes in the conduct of public administration, the centralized and hierarchical form of bureaucracy improved into a more flexible, responsive, market-based, and client-oriented form of public management. In this event, political change is also evident since the state attempts to open up its functions to competition to better accommodate citizens or ‘clients’. This change represents a ‘paradigm shift’ from the Weberian model of public administration to the ‘new managerialism’ — the process where states undergo bureaucratic reform by internalizing core values and practices that can be attributed to the private sector. This chapter includes a discussion about the evolution and spread of various managerialist ideas, the role of management consultants and the state on the politics of managerialism, and introduces the plan of the book and how the study uses primary data and quantitative evidence.
Herwig C.H. Hofmann, Gerard C. Rowe, and Alexander H. TÜrk
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199286485
- eISBN:
- 9780191730894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286485.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
Information is the raw material of public decision-making. Within the sphere of European Union law, administrative decision-making relies heavily for this raw material on information networks based ...
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Information is the raw material of public decision-making. Within the sphere of European Union law, administrative decision-making relies heavily for this raw material on information networks based upon systems of decentralized information gathering and subsequent information sharing. The generation and use of information within network administration is thus one of the most essential elements of EU administration, and thus an essential subject of EU administrative law. This chapter addresses the various rules and principles — written and unwritten — on the generation, use, and dissemination of information by European and national administrative bodies for implementing EU law, focusing especially on those of general applicability across all sectoral areas.Less
Information is the raw material of public decision-making. Within the sphere of European Union law, administrative decision-making relies heavily for this raw material on information networks based upon systems of decentralized information gathering and subsequent information sharing. The generation and use of information within network administration is thus one of the most essential elements of EU administration, and thus an essential subject of EU administrative law. This chapter addresses the various rules and principles — written and unwritten — on the generation, use, and dissemination of information by European and national administrative bodies for implementing EU law, focusing especially on those of general applicability across all sectoral areas.
Jack Hayward and Sudhir Hazareesingh
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197262788
- eISBN:
- 9780191754210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262788.003.0022
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Vincent Wright, a towering figure in political science, was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1995. He had specialised in the history of French public administration and, on moving to Oxford ...
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Vincent Wright, a towering figure in political science, was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1995. He had specialised in the history of French public administration and, on moving to Oxford to an Official Fellowship at Nuffield College, turned more to comparative politics. Wright was co-founder of the journal West European Politics. Obituary by Jack Hayward FBA and Sudhir Hazareesingh.Less
Vincent Wright, a towering figure in political science, was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1995. He had specialised in the history of French public administration and, on moving to Oxford to an Official Fellowship at Nuffield College, turned more to comparative politics. Wright was co-founder of the journal West European Politics. Obituary by Jack Hayward FBA and Sudhir Hazareesingh.
Christopher M. Kelty
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226666624
- eISBN:
- 9780226666938
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226666938.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter explores participation in public administration, specifically in the “Model Cities” program of Philadelphia in the 1960s. It focuses on the intertwined problems of participation and ...
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This chapter explores participation in public administration, specifically in the “Model Cities” program of Philadelphia in the 1960s. It focuses on the intertwined problems of participation and expertise in the case of the Area Wide Council, a group of black citizens who experienced direct, substantial participation (mandated by law and funded by the government) in the re-design of North Philadelphia—and then had it taken away from them. The chapter traces the grammar of participation and asks: what did participants look like before they became experts in participation? What motivated the transition to a participation dependent on contributory autonomy? It focuses on the effects of creating an experimental supplement to representative democracy, and the double bind that legal requirement created for the AWC participants. This double bind resulted in a critique from within—Sherry Arnstein’s famous "ladder of citizen participation". The last part of the chapter focuses on how this critique formed a nascent expertise in participation relying on “technical assistance” and practical approaches, that would become part of a general toolkit of participatory practices.Less
This chapter explores participation in public administration, specifically in the “Model Cities” program of Philadelphia in the 1960s. It focuses on the intertwined problems of participation and expertise in the case of the Area Wide Council, a group of black citizens who experienced direct, substantial participation (mandated by law and funded by the government) in the re-design of North Philadelphia—and then had it taken away from them. The chapter traces the grammar of participation and asks: what did participants look like before they became experts in participation? What motivated the transition to a participation dependent on contributory autonomy? It focuses on the effects of creating an experimental supplement to representative democracy, and the double bind that legal requirement created for the AWC participants. This double bind resulted in a critique from within—Sherry Arnstein’s famous "ladder of citizen participation". The last part of the chapter focuses on how this critique formed a nascent expertise in participation relying on “technical assistance” and practical approaches, that would become part of a general toolkit of participatory practices.
Denis Saint-Martin
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199269068
- eISBN:
- 9780191699344
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199269068.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management, Organization Studies
Although British policy makers accepted managerialist ideas more enthusiastically than the policy makers in Canada and in France, this does not explain how Britain has one of the most mature and ...
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Although British policy makers accepted managerialist ideas more enthusiastically than the policy makers in Canada and in France, this does not explain how Britain has one of the most mature and well-developed management consulting industries and professions. In order to analyse the impact of managerialism on public administration, this chapter investigates the following policies of bureaucratic reform to verify whether these have affected the predisposition of policy actors towards reform strategies and the access of consultants to decision-making centres: the 1968 Fulton Committee Report on the Civil Service; the 1970 White Paper on the Reorganization of Central Government; the 1979 Rayner efficiency scrutinies; and the 1982 Financial Management Initiative.Less
Although British policy makers accepted managerialist ideas more enthusiastically than the policy makers in Canada and in France, this does not explain how Britain has one of the most mature and well-developed management consulting industries and professions. In order to analyse the impact of managerialism on public administration, this chapter investigates the following policies of bureaucratic reform to verify whether these have affected the predisposition of policy actors towards reform strategies and the access of consultants to decision-making centres: the 1968 Fulton Committee Report on the Civil Service; the 1970 White Paper on the Reorganization of Central Government; the 1979 Rayner efficiency scrutinies; and the 1982 Financial Management Initiative.
