Giovanna Ceserani
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199744275
- eISBN:
- 9780199932139
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744275.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, American History: pre-Columbian BCE to 500CE
This chapter reinterprets the origins of modern classical archaeology by examining the founding of the first archaeological institute, the Instituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica. Understanding the ...
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This chapter reinterprets the origins of modern classical archaeology by examining the founding of the first archaeological institute, the Instituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica. Understanding the Instituto within its Italian contexts reveals the importance to this process of Magna Graecia its material culture and its scholars and simultaneously explains Magna Graecia's subsequent marginalization. The work and life of the institute's founder, the German Eduard Gerhard, are shown to be indebted to Neapolitan cultural institutions and antiquarianism, the richness of which is evinced through the scholarship of Andrea de Jorio. Analysis of the debate on the provenance of painted vases within the Instituto's community illuminates the emerging predilection of the new archaeological discipline for mainland Greece rather than Magna Graecia. The provincialization of South Italian scholarship accompanying this process of archaeological professionalization is explored through the relationship of the Calabrese scholar Vito Capialbi with the new archaeology promoted by the Instituto.Less
This chapter reinterprets the origins of modern classical archaeology by examining the founding of the first archaeological institute, the Instituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica. Understanding the Instituto within its Italian contexts reveals the importance to this process of Magna Graecia its material culture and its scholars and simultaneously explains Magna Graecia's subsequent marginalization. The work and life of the institute's founder, the German Eduard Gerhard, are shown to be indebted to Neapolitan cultural institutions and antiquarianism, the richness of which is evinced through the scholarship of Andrea de Jorio. Analysis of the debate on the provenance of painted vases within the Instituto's community illuminates the emerging predilection of the new archaeological discipline for mainland Greece rather than Magna Graecia. The provincialization of South Italian scholarship accompanying this process of archaeological professionalization is explored through the relationship of the Calabrese scholar Vito Capialbi with the new archaeology promoted by the Instituto.
Gabriel Heaton
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199213115
- eISBN:
- 9780191707148
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213115.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter‐length conclusion traces the later history of entertainment texts: these books and manuscripts have continued to circulate over the centuries since their production in ways that reveals ...
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This chapter‐length conclusion traces the later history of entertainment texts: these books and manuscripts have continued to circulate over the centuries since their production in ways that reveals much about how they have been understood. There are about sixty surviving copies of the various Elizabethan entertainment pamphlets, and their provenance history shows them shifting from being objects of antiquarian interest to highly prized bibliographical rarities. Manuscripts have, for a number of reasons, tended to circulate much less, but a similar pattern of steadily increasing value can be discerned in the way that they have been sold over the centuries. The book ends with details of recent book auction sales.Less
This chapter‐length conclusion traces the later history of entertainment texts: these books and manuscripts have continued to circulate over the centuries since their production in ways that reveals much about how they have been understood. There are about sixty surviving copies of the various Elizabethan entertainment pamphlets, and their provenance history shows them shifting from being objects of antiquarian interest to highly prized bibliographical rarities. Manuscripts have, for a number of reasons, tended to circulate much less, but a similar pattern of steadily increasing value can be discerned in the way that they have been sold over the centuries. The book ends with details of recent book auction sales.
Geoffrey Mark Hahneman
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198263418
- eISBN:
- 9780191682537
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198263418.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies, Early Christian Studies
There are a number of peculiarities in the Muratorian Fragment which are often attributed to its barbarous Latin, omissions in the text, incorrect translation, poor transcription, or confusion on the ...
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There are a number of peculiarities in the Muratorian Fragment which are often attributed to its barbarous Latin, omissions in the text, incorrect translation, poor transcription, or confusion on the part of the Fragmentist. In a number of these instances, however, the irregularity is removed with the supposition of a fourth-century Eastern origin for the Fragment. While none of these instances in itself is sufficient to demand redating of the Fragment, the cumulative effect is a substantial refutation of the traditional date, and corroborates the findings of the earlier chapters in favour of a later fourth-century date and an Eastern provenance.Less
There are a number of peculiarities in the Muratorian Fragment which are often attributed to its barbarous Latin, omissions in the text, incorrect translation, poor transcription, or confusion on the part of the Fragmentist. In a number of these instances, however, the irregularity is removed with the supposition of a fourth-century Eastern origin for the Fragment. While none of these instances in itself is sufficient to demand redating of the Fragment, the cumulative effect is a substantial refutation of the traditional date, and corroborates the findings of the earlier chapters in favour of a later fourth-century date and an Eastern provenance.
J. A. Cerrato
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199246960
- eISBN:
- 9780191697630
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199246960.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
The earliest literary sources for the study of the Hippolytan corpus stem from the fourth century, harking back to traditions of the third. They include Eusebius of Caesarea, Epiphanius of Salamis, ...
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The earliest literary sources for the study of the Hippolytan corpus stem from the fourth century, harking back to traditions of the third. They include Eusebius of Caesarea, Epiphanius of Salamis, and Jerome. Eusebius and Jerome report that a Hippolytus of the early third century composed a significant dossier of Greek texts; texts, however, which offered no indication of a community of origin. The Hippolytan manuscript group underlying the statements of Eusebius and Jerome are referred to as the non-provenance manuscript tradition. A study of the references of non-provenance, beginning with Eusebius and extending into the medieval period, casts into relief the hypothetical character of the manuscript traditions to be examined in subsequent chapters, traditions that affix specific locations to particular works. The strength of the Eusebian evidence in particular is its early date. It is the most ancient opinion of the church on the Hippolytus question.Less
The earliest literary sources for the study of the Hippolytan corpus stem from the fourth century, harking back to traditions of the third. They include Eusebius of Caesarea, Epiphanius of Salamis, and Jerome. Eusebius and Jerome report that a Hippolytus of the early third century composed a significant dossier of Greek texts; texts, however, which offered no indication of a community of origin. The Hippolytan manuscript group underlying the statements of Eusebius and Jerome are referred to as the non-provenance manuscript tradition. A study of the references of non-provenance, beginning with Eusebius and extending into the medieval period, casts into relief the hypothetical character of the manuscript traditions to be examined in subsequent chapters, traditions that affix specific locations to particular works. The strength of the Eusebian evidence in particular is its early date. It is the most ancient opinion of the church on the Hippolytus question.
J. A. Cerrato
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199246960
- eISBN:
- 9780191697630
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199246960.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This present study does not aim to reconstruct a complete dossier of the works of Hippolytus the commentator. The current state of scholarship is, however, able to supply a list of the extant ...
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This present study does not aim to reconstruct a complete dossier of the works of Hippolytus the commentator. The current state of scholarship is, however, able to supply a list of the extant commentaries forming the core documents of provenance and authorship studies. This catalogue constitutes the remains of the Hippolytan exegesis after nearly two millennia and is for the most part fragmentary. The two major extant texts of the list, the works de antichristo and commentarium in Danielem, provide a basis for present-day studies. The treatise on the antichrist is a compendium of biblical texts, rather than a commentary per se. It embodies, however, a primary source of Hippolytan interpretation and was included in the commentary lists from earliest times.Less
This present study does not aim to reconstruct a complete dossier of the works of Hippolytus the commentator. The current state of scholarship is, however, able to supply a list of the extant commentaries forming the core documents of provenance and authorship studies. This catalogue constitutes the remains of the Hippolytan exegesis after nearly two millennia and is for the most part fragmentary. The two major extant texts of the list, the works de antichristo and commentarium in Danielem, provide a basis for present-day studies. The treatise on the antichrist is a compendium of biblical texts, rather than a commentary per se. It embodies, however, a primary source of Hippolytan interpretation and was included in the commentary lists from earliest times.
Francis X. Blouin Jr. and William G. Rosenberg
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199740543
- eISBN:
- 9780199894673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740543.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Historiography, History of Ideas
This chapter continues to examine the changing relationships between archivists and historical scholars but now from the archivists’ perspective. It looks closely at the challenges archives began to ...
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This chapter continues to examine the changing relationships between archivists and historical scholars but now from the archivists’ perspective. It looks closely at the challenges archives began to face as a result of vast increases in the quantity of records generated by post-World War II bureaucratic growth. These changes pressed archivists to move away from well-established “custodial” notions of archives as a repository for historical memory to radically different concepts of organizational records management. In these circumstances, historical scholarship became increasingly less able to inform the authoritative categories supporting archival descriptive systems and records appraisal. The chapter concludes by examining the important conceptual, as well as practical, consequences of this turn away from historical authority, how this has affected archival involvement in the production of historical knowledge, and the effect of this turn on archivists’ own professional identities.Less
This chapter continues to examine the changing relationships between archivists and historical scholars but now from the archivists’ perspective. It looks closely at the challenges archives began to face as a result of vast increases in the quantity of records generated by post-World War II bureaucratic growth. These changes pressed archivists to move away from well-established “custodial” notions of archives as a repository for historical memory to radically different concepts of organizational records management. In these circumstances, historical scholarship became increasingly less able to inform the authoritative categories supporting archival descriptive systems and records appraisal. The chapter concludes by examining the important conceptual, as well as practical, consequences of this turn away from historical authority, how this has affected archival involvement in the production of historical knowledge, and the effect of this turn on archivists’ own professional identities.
Joseph G. Moore
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199691494
- eISBN:
- 9780191746277
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199691494.003.0014
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics, Metaphysics/Epistemology
It is argued that the concept of a musical work shifts innocuously with judgmental setting between the notion of a sound-structure and a more musically flexible notion that is grounded in ...
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It is argued that the concept of a musical work shifts innocuously with judgmental setting between the notion of a sound-structure and a more musically flexible notion that is grounded in musico-historical context. This ‘individuative indeterminacy’ in the work-concept explains and defuses a debate between ‘contextualists’ and ‘structuralists’ about the individuation of musical works, but it raises the Quinean worry that musical works are ontologically illegitimate ‘entities without identity’. It is argued that this challenge can be met by adopting a supervaluation model of how the work-concept shifts, coupled with a disjunctive (‘schizoid’) metaphysics and a semantic pretense account of our seeming reference to individual musical works. The proposed view also suggests that the existence conditions of musical works are indeterminate—one of the two entities that grounds thought and talk about musical works comes into (and goes out of) existence while the other does not.Less
It is argued that the concept of a musical work shifts innocuously with judgmental setting between the notion of a sound-structure and a more musically flexible notion that is grounded in musico-historical context. This ‘individuative indeterminacy’ in the work-concept explains and defuses a debate between ‘contextualists’ and ‘structuralists’ about the individuation of musical works, but it raises the Quinean worry that musical works are ontologically illegitimate ‘entities without identity’. It is argued that this challenge can be met by adopting a supervaluation model of how the work-concept shifts, coupled with a disjunctive (‘schizoid’) metaphysics and a semantic pretense account of our seeming reference to individual musical works. The proposed view also suggests that the existence conditions of musical works are indeterminate—one of the two entities that grounds thought and talk about musical works comes into (and goes out of) existence while the other does not.
Fiona Tait
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781789620818
- eISBN:
- 9781789629767
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789620818.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter describes the provenance and acquisition of the James Watt and Family Papers by Archives and Collections, Library of Birmingham. It describes the arrangement of the Papers and gives some ...
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This chapter describes the provenance and acquisition of the James Watt and Family Papers by Archives and Collections, Library of Birmingham. It describes the arrangement of the Papers and gives some indication of their importance to eighteenth and early nineteenth-century history. It provides information on the very wide ranging content of the records.Less
This chapter describes the provenance and acquisition of the James Watt and Family Papers by Archives and Collections, Library of Birmingham. It describes the arrangement of the Papers and gives some indication of their importance to eighteenth and early nineteenth-century history. It provides information on the very wide ranging content of the records.
Hrileena Ghosh
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781789620610
- eISBN:
- 9781789629798
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789620610.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
The first chapter offers an overview of Keats’ medical Notebook, discussing its provenance and bibliographic features. It explores Keats’ engagement with his medical studies at the time he took the ...
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The first chapter offers an overview of Keats’ medical Notebook, discussing its provenance and bibliographic features. It explores Keats’ engagement with his medical studies at the time he took the lecture notes, as evinced by this surviving Notebook, and finds him an attentive and successful student: he took care to keep legible notes and frequently annotated and cross-referenced them, revealing a degree of interest in his medical studies that counters traditional accounts of his indifference or disinterest. The distinctive layout of Keats’s notes is discussed, as well as the likely sources for the notes themselves. Keats’ medical Notebook was a dynamic repository of evolving knowledge to which he returned again and again: the chapter considers the only previous publication of it, as well as its treatment in popular publications including the major Keats biographies.Less
The first chapter offers an overview of Keats’ medical Notebook, discussing its provenance and bibliographic features. It explores Keats’ engagement with his medical studies at the time he took the lecture notes, as evinced by this surviving Notebook, and finds him an attentive and successful student: he took care to keep legible notes and frequently annotated and cross-referenced them, revealing a degree of interest in his medical studies that counters traditional accounts of his indifference or disinterest. The distinctive layout of Keats’s notes is discussed, as well as the likely sources for the notes themselves. Keats’ medical Notebook was a dynamic repository of evolving knowledge to which he returned again and again: the chapter considers the only previous publication of it, as well as its treatment in popular publications including the major Keats biographies.
David Pearson
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198870128
- eISBN:
- 9780191912955
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198870128.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature
An account of the development and importance of private libraries and book ownership through the seventeenth century, based upon many kinds of evidence, including examination of many thousands of ...
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An account of the development and importance of private libraries and book ownership through the seventeenth century, based upon many kinds of evidence, including examination of many thousands of books, and a list of over 1,300 known owners from many backgrounds. It considers questions of evolution, contents, and size, and motives for book ownership, during a century when growing markets for both new and second-hand books meant that books would be found, in varying numbers, in the homes of all kinds of people, from the humble to the wealthy. Topics explored include the balance of motivation between books for use or for display; the relationship between libraries and museums; and cultures of collecting. While presenting a great deal of information in this field, conveniently brought together, the book also advances methodologies for book history. It challenges much received wisdom around our priorities for studying private libraries, and the terminology which is appropriate to use.Less
An account of the development and importance of private libraries and book ownership through the seventeenth century, based upon many kinds of evidence, including examination of many thousands of books, and a list of over 1,300 known owners from many backgrounds. It considers questions of evolution, contents, and size, and motives for book ownership, during a century when growing markets for both new and second-hand books meant that books would be found, in varying numbers, in the homes of all kinds of people, from the humble to the wealthy. Topics explored include the balance of motivation between books for use or for display; the relationship between libraries and museums; and cultures of collecting. While presenting a great deal of information in this field, conveniently brought together, the book also advances methodologies for book history. It challenges much received wisdom around our priorities for studying private libraries, and the terminology which is appropriate to use.
Peter W. Martens
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199639557
- eISBN:
- 9780191738135
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639557.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies, Biblical Studies
Scholarly credentials were integral to Origen's vision of the ideal interpreter of Scripture. But his profile of this figure remains incomplete if we fail to grasp how he contextualized this figure ...
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Scholarly credentials were integral to Origen's vision of the ideal interpreter of Scripture. But his profile of this figure remains incomplete if we fail to grasp how he contextualized this figure within the Christian faith. This part of the study examines how a commitment to Christianity, from which this interpreter gained a spectrum of loyalties, guidelines, dispositions, relationships, and doctrines, tangibly informed biblical scholarship. The chapter focuses on the educational mandate detailed in the previous part of this study. It explains how Origen positioned Greco-Roman scholarship, especially in his debate with Celsus, as contingent upon God's creative and providential action in the universe. Standing in a long line of Christian apologetic discourse, he contended that all Wisdom, including the discipline of philology, came from God.Less
Scholarly credentials were integral to Origen's vision of the ideal interpreter of Scripture. But his profile of this figure remains incomplete if we fail to grasp how he contextualized this figure within the Christian faith. This part of the study examines how a commitment to Christianity, from which this interpreter gained a spectrum of loyalties, guidelines, dispositions, relationships, and doctrines, tangibly informed biblical scholarship. The chapter focuses on the educational mandate detailed in the previous part of this study. It explains how Origen positioned Greco-Roman scholarship, especially in his debate with Celsus, as contingent upon God's creative and providential action in the universe. Standing in a long line of Christian apologetic discourse, he contended that all Wisdom, including the discipline of philology, came from God.
Alan Liu
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226451817
- eISBN:
- 9780226452005
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226452005.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
This chapter begins on the paradigmatic instance of a hybrid print/digital work at the onset of the digital networked era—Agrippa (A Book of the Dead) by Dennis Ashbaugh, Kevin Begos Jr., and William ...
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This chapter begins on the paradigmatic instance of a hybrid print/digital work at the onset of the digital networked era—Agrippa (A Book of the Dead) by Dennis Ashbaugh, Kevin Begos Jr., and William Gibson (1992)—to call for a method of “network archaeology” extending media archaeology. Network archaeology facilitates understanding the sense of history in our postlinear age of digital networks—one filled with buzzing, flitting ephemeral or dynamic artifacts that make a mockery of archiving, yet that urgently requires methods not just of archiving but of open, transparent archiving. Past eras created networked artifacts and systems in their own way. The chapter braids together research on web archiving, scientific workflows (data-analysis workflows facilitating reproducible research), data provenance, and digital humanities prosopography to make the case for remembering networks through new digital archiving methods. Remembering networks, it argues, is foundational for providing our networked age with its appropriate, distinctive sense of history.Less
This chapter begins on the paradigmatic instance of a hybrid print/digital work at the onset of the digital networked era—Agrippa (A Book of the Dead) by Dennis Ashbaugh, Kevin Begos Jr., and William Gibson (1992)—to call for a method of “network archaeology” extending media archaeology. Network archaeology facilitates understanding the sense of history in our postlinear age of digital networks—one filled with buzzing, flitting ephemeral or dynamic artifacts that make a mockery of archiving, yet that urgently requires methods not just of archiving but of open, transparent archiving. Past eras created networked artifacts and systems in their own way. The chapter braids together research on web archiving, scientific workflows (data-analysis workflows facilitating reproducible research), data provenance, and digital humanities prosopography to make the case for remembering networks through new digital archiving methods. Remembering networks, it argues, is foundational for providing our networked age with its appropriate, distinctive sense of history.
Sara Raup Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520233072
- eISBN:
- 9780520928435
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520233072.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This study investigates the creation of historical fictions in a wide range of Hellenistic Jewish texts. Surveying so-called Jewish novels, including the Letter of Aristeas, Second Maccabees, Esther, ...
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This study investigates the creation of historical fictions in a wide range of Hellenistic Jewish texts. Surveying so-called Jewish novels, including the Letter of Aristeas, Second Maccabees, Esther, Daniel, Judith, Tobit, and Josephus's account of Alexander's visit to Jerusalem and of the Tobiads, Artapanus, and Joseph and Aseneth, the book demonstrates that the use of historical fiction in these texts does not constitute a uniform genre. Instead it cuts across all boundaries of language, provenance, genre, and even purpose. It argues that each author uses historical fiction to construct a particular model of Hellenistic Jewish identity through the reinvention of the past. The models of identity differ, but all seek to explore relations between Jews and the wider non-Jewish world. The book goes on to present a focal in-depth analysis of one text, Third Maccabees. Maintaining that this is a late Hellenistic, not a Roman, work it traces important themes in Third Maccabees within a broader literary context. It evaluates the evidence for the authorship, audience, and purpose of the work and analyzes the historicity of the persecution described in the narrative. Illustrating how the author reinvents history in order to construct his own model for life in the diaspora, this book weighs the attitudes and stances, from defiance to assimilation, of this crucial period.Less
This study investigates the creation of historical fictions in a wide range of Hellenistic Jewish texts. Surveying so-called Jewish novels, including the Letter of Aristeas, Second Maccabees, Esther, Daniel, Judith, Tobit, and Josephus's account of Alexander's visit to Jerusalem and of the Tobiads, Artapanus, and Joseph and Aseneth, the book demonstrates that the use of historical fiction in these texts does not constitute a uniform genre. Instead it cuts across all boundaries of language, provenance, genre, and even purpose. It argues that each author uses historical fiction to construct a particular model of Hellenistic Jewish identity through the reinvention of the past. The models of identity differ, but all seek to explore relations between Jews and the wider non-Jewish world. The book goes on to present a focal in-depth analysis of one text, Third Maccabees. Maintaining that this is a late Hellenistic, not a Roman, work it traces important themes in Third Maccabees within a broader literary context. It evaluates the evidence for the authorship, audience, and purpose of the work and analyzes the historicity of the persecution described in the narrative. Illustrating how the author reinvents history in order to construct his own model for life in the diaspora, this book weighs the attitudes and stances, from defiance to assimilation, of this crucial period.
Joe Nickell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125343
- eISBN:
- 9780813135229
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125343.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter begins by discussing the discoveries of several treasures and their authentication — from the unearthing of the legendary city Urkesh in Syria to the finding of a fragment of Hitler's ...
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This chapter begins by discussing the discoveries of several treasures and their authentication — from the unearthing of the legendary city Urkesh in Syria to the finding of a fragment of Hitler's skull by the Russians. As an authentication specialist, the author presents some of his findings and his own authentications. He also details how his world of authentication began, his early discoveries, his school life, the jobs that he had, and the books that he wrote. This chapter also discusses the various factors to be considered used in authenticating an artefact — provenance, content, material composition, and the results of scientific analyses. A few practical principles are applied so as not to allow bias to creep in when making authentications. First is that extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof. Second, that the simplest tenable explanation is most likely correct. Lastly, that the burden of proof is on the advocate of the idea.Less
This chapter begins by discussing the discoveries of several treasures and their authentication — from the unearthing of the legendary city Urkesh in Syria to the finding of a fragment of Hitler's skull by the Russians. As an authentication specialist, the author presents some of his findings and his own authentications. He also details how his world of authentication began, his early discoveries, his school life, the jobs that he had, and the books that he wrote. This chapter also discusses the various factors to be considered used in authenticating an artefact — provenance, content, material composition, and the results of scientific analyses. A few practical principles are applied so as not to allow bias to creep in when making authentications. First is that extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof. Second, that the simplest tenable explanation is most likely correct. Lastly, that the burden of proof is on the advocate of the idea.
Joe Nickell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125343
- eISBN:
- 9780813135229
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125343.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter examines the authenticity of a jail notebook containing the purported writings of legendary outlaw Billy the Kid and his nemesis Pat Garrett. Conflicting stories as to provenance ...
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This chapter examines the authenticity of a jail notebook containing the purported writings of legendary outlaw Billy the Kid and his nemesis Pat Garrett. Conflicting stories as to provenance represents grounds for suspicion, but they do not by themselves constitute proof of theft or forgery. Another controversy involved an album containing alleged writing by Billy, Garrett, and others, as well as a framed page with a letter signed “WH Bonney.” Taken together, the various findings with regard to provenance, ink, and handwriting show unmistakably forgery — and a rather unskilful forgery at that.Less
This chapter examines the authenticity of a jail notebook containing the purported writings of legendary outlaw Billy the Kid and his nemesis Pat Garrett. Conflicting stories as to provenance represents grounds for suspicion, but they do not by themselves constitute proof of theft or forgery. Another controversy involved an album containing alleged writing by Billy, Garrett, and others, as well as a framed page with a letter signed “WH Bonney.” Taken together, the various findings with regard to provenance, ink, and handwriting show unmistakably forgery — and a rather unskilful forgery at that.
Joe Nickell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125343
- eISBN:
- 9780813135229
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125343.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter investigates the authenticity of the second photo of Emily Dickinson, depicting her at about age twenty-nine, whereas history had seemed to bequeath only a single photograph of the poet ...
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This chapter investigates the authenticity of the second photo of Emily Dickinson, depicting her at about age twenty-nine, whereas history had seemed to bequeath only a single photograph of the poet at about seventeen years of age. The lack of provenance and the other historical evidence weigh heavily against the photograph's authenticity, so the matter must be settled on the basis of the likeness itself. Forensic analysis was also used in this case, confirming the spuriousness of the second photograph.Less
This chapter investigates the authenticity of the second photo of Emily Dickinson, depicting her at about age twenty-nine, whereas history had seemed to bequeath only a single photograph of the poet at about seventeen years of age. The lack of provenance and the other historical evidence weigh heavily against the photograph's authenticity, so the matter must be settled on the basis of the likeness itself. Forensic analysis was also used in this case, confirming the spuriousness of the second photograph.
Priya Maholay-Jaradi
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199466849
- eISBN:
- 9780199087501
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199466849.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
With a vibrant history of art and architecture, the city of Baroda is a much-sought-after destination for art education. Much of this could be credited to Sayajirao Gaekwad III, the maharaja of the ...
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With a vibrant history of art and architecture, the city of Baroda is a much-sought-after destination for art education. Much of this could be credited to Sayajirao Gaekwad III, the maharaja of the erstwhile princely state of Baroda, and his art collecting practice that shaped Baroda’s modern art and craft institutions and industries. It was during his reign that the renowned artist Raja Ravi Varma, Sankheda lacquered wares, and the famed Patan patola debuted on the national and international trail of exhibitions. With the help of rare archival data, back-room surveys, and exhaustive research, Fashioning a National Art discusses how a native prince not only patronized and collected the local arts but also mediated a cross-cultural dialogue between the European and indigenous art techniques. A scientific and progressive thinker, Sayajirao encouraged Baroda’s alternative experiments in art, craft, and even design. The book also unravels him in a scarcely documented role: a lender of the royal collection to regional and international exhibitions. Additionally, it not only traces the history of elite patrons, famous artists, and European sculptors such as Augusto Felici, but also delves into the stories of subalterns such as master craftsman Neelakandan Asari, wood-worker Keshav Mistry, and others.Less
With a vibrant history of art and architecture, the city of Baroda is a much-sought-after destination for art education. Much of this could be credited to Sayajirao Gaekwad III, the maharaja of the erstwhile princely state of Baroda, and his art collecting practice that shaped Baroda’s modern art and craft institutions and industries. It was during his reign that the renowned artist Raja Ravi Varma, Sankheda lacquered wares, and the famed Patan patola debuted on the national and international trail of exhibitions. With the help of rare archival data, back-room surveys, and exhaustive research, Fashioning a National Art discusses how a native prince not only patronized and collected the local arts but also mediated a cross-cultural dialogue between the European and indigenous art techniques. A scientific and progressive thinker, Sayajirao encouraged Baroda’s alternative experiments in art, craft, and even design. The book also unravels him in a scarcely documented role: a lender of the royal collection to regional and international exhibitions. Additionally, it not only traces the history of elite patrons, famous artists, and European sculptors such as Augusto Felici, but also delves into the stories of subalterns such as master craftsman Neelakandan Asari, wood-worker Keshav Mistry, and others.
Judith H. Myers
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195131543
- eISBN:
- 9780197561461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195131543.003.0035
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Applied Ecology
The movement of humans around the earth has been associated with an amazing redistribution of a variety of organisms to new continents and exotic islands. ...
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The movement of humans around the earth has been associated with an amazing redistribution of a variety of organisms to new continents and exotic islands. The natural biodiversity of native communities is threatened by new invasive species, and many of the most serious insect and weed pests are exotics. Classical biological control is one approach to dealing with nonindigenous species. If introduced species that lack natural enemies are competitively superior in exotic habitats, introducing some of their predators (herbivores), diseases, or parasitoids may reduce their population densities. Thus, the introduction of more exotic species may be necessary to reduce the competitive superiority of nonindigenous pests. The intentional introduction of insects as biological control agents provides an experimental arena in which adaptations and interactions among species may be tested. We can use biological control programs to explore such evolutionary questions as: What characteristics make a natural enemy a successful biological control agent? Does coevolution of herbivores and hosts or predators (parasitoids) and prey result in few species of natural enemies having the potential to be successful biological control agents? Do introduced natural enemies make unexpected host range shifts in new environments? Do exotic species lose their defense against specialized natural enemies after living for many generations without them? If coevolution is a common force in nature, we expect biological control interactions to demonstrate a dynamic interplay between hosts and their natural enemies. In this chapter, I consider biological control introductions to be experiments that might yield evidence on how adaptation molds the interactions between species and their natural enemies. I argue that the best biological control agents will be those to which the target hosts have not evolved resistance. Classical biological control is the movement of natural enemies from a native habitat to an exotic habitat where their host has become a pest. This approach to exotic pests has been practiced since the late 1800s, when Albert Koebele explored the native habitat of the cottony cushion scale, Icrya purchasi, in Australia and introduced Vadalia cardinalis beetles (see below) to control the cottony cushion scale on citrus in California. This control has continued to be a success.
Less
The movement of humans around the earth has been associated with an amazing redistribution of a variety of organisms to new continents and exotic islands. The natural biodiversity of native communities is threatened by new invasive species, and many of the most serious insect and weed pests are exotics. Classical biological control is one approach to dealing with nonindigenous species. If introduced species that lack natural enemies are competitively superior in exotic habitats, introducing some of their predators (herbivores), diseases, or parasitoids may reduce their population densities. Thus, the introduction of more exotic species may be necessary to reduce the competitive superiority of nonindigenous pests. The intentional introduction of insects as biological control agents provides an experimental arena in which adaptations and interactions among species may be tested. We can use biological control programs to explore such evolutionary questions as: What characteristics make a natural enemy a successful biological control agent? Does coevolution of herbivores and hosts or predators (parasitoids) and prey result in few species of natural enemies having the potential to be successful biological control agents? Do introduced natural enemies make unexpected host range shifts in new environments? Do exotic species lose their defense against specialized natural enemies after living for many generations without them? If coevolution is a common force in nature, we expect biological control interactions to demonstrate a dynamic interplay between hosts and their natural enemies. In this chapter, I consider biological control introductions to be experiments that might yield evidence on how adaptation molds the interactions between species and their natural enemies. I argue that the best biological control agents will be those to which the target hosts have not evolved resistance. Classical biological control is the movement of natural enemies from a native habitat to an exotic habitat where their host has become a pest. This approach to exotic pests has been practiced since the late 1800s, when Albert Koebele explored the native habitat of the cottony cushion scale, Icrya purchasi, in Australia and introduced Vadalia cardinalis beetles (see below) to control the cottony cushion scale on citrus in California. This control has continued to be a success.
A. J. Bartlett
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748643752
- eISBN:
- 9780748652655
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748643752.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter aims to provide a working explanation of how the site functions within Alan Badiou's conception of a truth procedure sufficient to applying it to Plato's dialogues. It presents a ...
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This chapter aims to provide a working explanation of how the site functions within Alan Badiou's conception of a truth procedure sufficient to applying it to Plato's dialogues. It presents a schematise description of the site applicable to the analysis of the dialogues and explains the ontological provenance of this term site. The analysis reveals that in the Platonic situation the name of the site is education and this is recognised by the situation and is used by the state to describe its own practices.Less
This chapter aims to provide a working explanation of how the site functions within Alan Badiou's conception of a truth procedure sufficient to applying it to Plato's dialogues. It presents a schematise description of the site applicable to the analysis of the dialogues and explains the ontological provenance of this term site. The analysis reveals that in the Platonic situation the name of the site is education and this is recognised by the situation and is used by the state to describe its own practices.
Diane E. Kaplan
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300117592
- eISBN:
- 9780300210804
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300117592.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Child Psychology / School Psychology
This chapter examines the issues involved in archiving the documents of the Yale Longitudinal Study (YLS). More specifically, it analyzes the documents' provenance and preservation (or neglect), ...
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This chapter examines the issues involved in archiving the documents of the Yale Longitudinal Study (YLS). More specifically, it analyzes the documents' provenance and preservation (or neglect), together with the difficulties of offering access to a wider audience. It also underscores the importance for archivists to understand the context and history of the documents they are responsible for preserving and cataloguing. The discussion begins by focusing on how the YLS began, as well as what the study and the resulting documents were expected to provide. It then outlines the archivists' efforts to preserve the anonymity of the YLS's subjects while ensuring the accessibility of the documents.Less
This chapter examines the issues involved in archiving the documents of the Yale Longitudinal Study (YLS). More specifically, it analyzes the documents' provenance and preservation (or neglect), together with the difficulties of offering access to a wider audience. It also underscores the importance for archivists to understand the context and history of the documents they are responsible for preserving and cataloguing. The discussion begins by focusing on how the YLS began, as well as what the study and the resulting documents were expected to provide. It then outlines the archivists' efforts to preserve the anonymity of the YLS's subjects while ensuring the accessibility of the documents.
