Rodney Sampson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541157
- eISBN:
- 9780191716096
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541157.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
This book presents for the first time an in‐depth historical account of vowel prosthesis in the Romance languages. Vowel prosthesis is a change which involves the appearance of a non‐etymological ...
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This book presents for the first time an in‐depth historical account of vowel prosthesis in the Romance languages. Vowel prosthesis is a change which involves the appearance of a non‐etymological vowel at the beginning of a word: a familiar example is the initial e which appears in the development of Latin sperare to Spanish esperar and French espérer ‘to hope’. Despite its widespread incidence in the Romance languages, it has remained poorly studied. In his wide‐ranging comparative coverage, Professor Sampson identifies three main categories of vowel prosthesis that have occurred and explores in detail their historical trajectory and the relationship between them. The presentation draws freely throughout on the rich philological materials available from Romance and brings to light various unexpected changes in the productive use of prosthesis through time. For example in French and Italian (which is Tuscan‐based), one category of prosthesis became well established in the early Middle Ages only to lose productivity and subsequently become moribund. With its extensive use of empirical data and findings from theoretical linguistics, the book offers a thorough and revealing account of a fascinating chapter in the phonological history of Romance.Less
This book presents for the first time an in‐depth historical account of vowel prosthesis in the Romance languages. Vowel prosthesis is a change which involves the appearance of a non‐etymological vowel at the beginning of a word: a familiar example is the initial e which appears in the development of Latin sperare to Spanish esperar and French espérer ‘to hope’. Despite its widespread incidence in the Romance languages, it has remained poorly studied. In his wide‐ranging comparative coverage, Professor Sampson identifies three main categories of vowel prosthesis that have occurred and explores in detail their historical trajectory and the relationship between them. The presentation draws freely throughout on the rich philological materials available from Romance and brings to light various unexpected changes in the productive use of prosthesis through time. For example in French and Italian (which is Tuscan‐based), one category of prosthesis became well established in the early Middle Ages only to lose productivity and subsequently become moribund. With its extensive use of empirical data and findings from theoretical linguistics, the book offers a thorough and revealing account of a fascinating chapter in the phonological history of Romance.
Rodney Sampson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541157
- eISBN:
- 9780191716096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541157.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
This is the earliest and most familiar category of prosthesis and affects words beginning with [s] plus a consonant. Its origins and early development are first traced, exploring its geographical ...
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This is the earliest and most familiar category of prosthesis and affects words beginning with [s] plus a consonant. Its origins and early development are first traced, exploring its geographical distribution, actualization, and possible causation. The varied medieval and modern outcomes across Romance are then systematically examined in a comparative‐historical perspective.Less
This is the earliest and most familiar category of prosthesis and affects words beginning with [s] plus a consonant. Its origins and early development are first traced, exploring its geographical distribution, actualization, and possible causation. The varied medieval and modern outcomes across Romance are then systematically examined in a comparative‐historical perspective.
Rodney Sampson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541157
- eISBN:
- 9780191716096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541157.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
This category of vowel prosthesis postdates I‐prosthesis and operated on rhotic‐initial words. Its early development is examined closely, and its geographical diffusion and likely causation are ...
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This category of vowel prosthesis postdates I‐prosthesis and operated on rhotic‐initial words. Its early development is examined closely, and its geographical diffusion and likely causation are investigated. The problematic case of Southern Italian is explored in detail. The later, varied fortunes of A‐prosthesis across Romance are traced, analysed, and assessed from a comparative viewpoint.Less
This category of vowel prosthesis postdates I‐prosthesis and operated on rhotic‐initial words. Its early development is examined closely, and its geographical diffusion and likely causation are investigated. The problematic case of Southern Italian is explored in detail. The later, varied fortunes of A‐prosthesis across Romance are traced, analysed, and assessed from a comparative viewpoint.
Rodney Sampson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541157
- eISBN:
- 9780191716096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541157.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
U‐prosthesis occurred in the later Middle Ages following a special type of syncope. The structural circumstances surrounding its rise are explored in detail, and the geographical incidence and ...
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U‐prosthesis occurred in the later Middle Ages following a special type of syncope. The structural circumstances surrounding its rise are explored in detail, and the geographical incidence and possible causation of the development are examined. Differences in the treatment of clitics and lexical forms are analysed. More recent changes in U‐prosthesis are finally considered in a comparative perspective.Less
U‐prosthesis occurred in the later Middle Ages following a special type of syncope. The structural circumstances surrounding its rise are explored in detail, and the geographical incidence and possible causation of the development are examined. Differences in the treatment of clitics and lexical forms are analysed. More recent changes in U‐prosthesis are finally considered in a comparative perspective.
Rodney Sampson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541157
- eISBN:
- 9780191716096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541157.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
After a definition of vowel prosthesis and its relationship to other additive and reductive segmental process, various general aspects of it are considered. These include its incidence in Romance, ...
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After a definition of vowel prosthesis and its relationship to other additive and reductive segmental process, various general aspects of it are considered. These include its incidence in Romance, whether it represents a regular or sporadic process, the quality of prosthetic vowels, and the various factors that can trigger prosthesis.Less
After a definition of vowel prosthesis and its relationship to other additive and reductive segmental process, various general aspects of it are considered. These include its incidence in Romance, whether it represents a regular or sporadic process, the quality of prosthetic vowels, and the various factors that can trigger prosthesis.
Rodney Sampson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541157
- eISBN:
- 9780191716096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541157.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
The three main categories of vowel prosthesis that have operated in the history of Romance are identified. These are labelled I‐prosthesis, A‐prosthesis, and U‐prosthesis and their general ...
More
The three main categories of vowel prosthesis that have operated in the history of Romance are identified. These are labelled I‐prosthesis, A‐prosthesis, and U‐prosthesis and their general characteristics are outlined. Occasional examples of other, apparently anomalous cases of vowel prosthesis are accounted for.Less
The three main categories of vowel prosthesis that have operated in the history of Romance are identified. These are labelled I‐prosthesis, A‐prosthesis, and U‐prosthesis and their general characteristics are outlined. Occasional examples of other, apparently anomalous cases of vowel prosthesis are accounted for.
Apostolos P. Georgopoulos and Elissaios Karageorgiou
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195188370
- eISBN:
- 9780199870462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188370.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter discusses the neural mechanisms of voluntary movements in the motor cortex — a major node in the brain network of initiation and control of such movements. Specifically, it discusses the ...
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This chapter discusses the neural mechanisms of voluntary movements in the motor cortex — a major node in the brain network of initiation and control of such movements. Specifically, it discusses the neural mechanisms of reaching movements in space with respect to the encoding of movement parameters in the activity of single cells and the decoding of information from neuronal populations. This decoding scheme can be used to monitor the processing of movement-related information in various contexts and, ultimately, to drive motor prostheses.Less
This chapter discusses the neural mechanisms of voluntary movements in the motor cortex — a major node in the brain network of initiation and control of such movements. Specifically, it discusses the neural mechanisms of reaching movements in space with respect to the encoding of movement parameters in the activity of single cells and the decoding of information from neuronal populations. This decoding scheme can be used to monitor the processing of movement-related information in various contexts and, ultimately, to drive motor prostheses.
Rodney Sampson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541157
- eISBN:
- 9780191716096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541157.003.0007
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
Basic structural properties underlying the different categories of vowel prosthesis are enumerated and compared, revealing important characteristics shared by all categories. Of central importance is ...
More
Basic structural properties underlying the different categories of vowel prosthesis are enumerated and compared, revealing important characteristics shared by all categories. Of central importance is syllabic structure, and areas of further research into the syllable and its evolving architecture are identified. Finally, the significance of sociolinguistic forces as well as structural factors in shaping developments is reiterated.Less
Basic structural properties underlying the different categories of vowel prosthesis are enumerated and compared, revealing important characteristics shared by all categories. Of central importance is syllabic structure, and areas of further research into the syllable and its evolving architecture are identified. Finally, the significance of sociolinguistic forces as well as structural factors in shaping developments is reiterated.
Dorothe A. Poggel, Lotfi B. Merabet, and Joseph F. Rizzo III
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195177619
- eISBN:
- 9780199864683
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195177619.003.0021
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Sensory and Motor Systems, Behavioral Neuroscience
This chapter presents an overview of research on retinal prostheses and progress in this field, and provides a perspective on artificial vision and the role of modern technologies to support research ...
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This chapter presents an overview of research on retinal prostheses and progress in this field, and provides a perspective on artificial vision and the role of modern technologies to support research in this sector. It also reviews studies on brain plasticity that provide essential information on changes in the brain as a consequence of (partial) blindness, the interaction of visual areas with other sensory modalities, and possible ways of influencing brain plasticity as a basis of visual rehabilitation.Less
This chapter presents an overview of research on retinal prostheses and progress in this field, and provides a perspective on artificial vision and the role of modern technologies to support research in this sector. It also reviews studies on brain plasticity that provide essential information on changes in the brain as a consequence of (partial) blindness, the interaction of visual areas with other sensory modalities, and possible ways of influencing brain plasticity as a basis of visual rehabilitation.
Anderson Blanton
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469623979
- eISBN:
- 9781469623993
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469623979.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
Revisiting classic ethnological theories on the contagious transmission of force, this chapter explores the place of material objects in the performance of divine communication and the practice of ...
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Revisiting classic ethnological theories on the contagious transmission of force, this chapter explores the place of material objects in the performance of divine communication and the practice of faith. Tracking between the devotional specificities of the practice of “standin’-in” within the context of southern Appalachia and the broader mass-mediated performances of healing prayer during the Charismatic Renewal, this section also articulates Oral Roberts’s famous notion of “the point of contact” as a physical conduit for the transmission of healing power.Less
Revisiting classic ethnological theories on the contagious transmission of force, this chapter explores the place of material objects in the performance of divine communication and the practice of faith. Tracking between the devotional specificities of the practice of “standin’-in” within the context of southern Appalachia and the broader mass-mediated performances of healing prayer during the Charismatic Renewal, this section also articulates Oral Roberts’s famous notion of “the point of contact” as a physical conduit for the transmission of healing power.
David Wills
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780823283521
- eISBN:
- 9780823286119
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823283521.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
Killing Times starts from the deceptively simple observation— made by Jacques Derrida—that the death penalty mechanically interrupts mortal time, preempting our normal experience of not knowing when ...
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Killing Times starts from the deceptively simple observation— made by Jacques Derrida—that the death penalty mechanically interrupts mortal time, preempting our normal experience of not knowing when we will die. The book examines more broadly what constitutes mortal temporality and how the “machinery of death” exploits and perverts time. It first examines Eighth Amendment challenges to the death penalty in the U.S, from the late nineteenth-century introduction of execution by firing squad and the electric chair to current cases involving lethal injection. Although defining the instant of death emerges as an insoluble problem, all the machines of execution of the post-Enlightenment period presume to appropriate and control that instant, ostensibly in service of a humane death penalty. That comes into particular focus with the guillotine, introduced in France in 1791–92, at the same moment as the American Bill of Rights. Later chapters analyze how the instant of the death penalty works in conjunction with forms of suspension, or extension of time and how its seeming correlation between egregious crime and painless execution is complicated in various ways. The book’s emphasis on time then allows it to expand the sense of the death penalty into suicide bombing, where the terrorist seeks to bypass judicial process with a simultaneous crime and “punishment”; into targeted killing by drone, where the time-space coordinates of “justice” are compressed and disappear into the black hole of secrecy; and into narrative and fictive spaces of crime, court proceedings, and punishment.Less
Killing Times starts from the deceptively simple observation— made by Jacques Derrida—that the death penalty mechanically interrupts mortal time, preempting our normal experience of not knowing when we will die. The book examines more broadly what constitutes mortal temporality and how the “machinery of death” exploits and perverts time. It first examines Eighth Amendment challenges to the death penalty in the U.S, from the late nineteenth-century introduction of execution by firing squad and the electric chair to current cases involving lethal injection. Although defining the instant of death emerges as an insoluble problem, all the machines of execution of the post-Enlightenment period presume to appropriate and control that instant, ostensibly in service of a humane death penalty. That comes into particular focus with the guillotine, introduced in France in 1791–92, at the same moment as the American Bill of Rights. Later chapters analyze how the instant of the death penalty works in conjunction with forms of suspension, or extension of time and how its seeming correlation between egregious crime and painless execution is complicated in various ways. The book’s emphasis on time then allows it to expand the sense of the death penalty into suicide bombing, where the terrorist seeks to bypass judicial process with a simultaneous crime and “punishment”; into targeted killing by drone, where the time-space coordinates of “justice” are compressed and disappear into the black hole of secrecy; and into narrative and fictive spaces of crime, court proceedings, and punishment.
John-Dylan Haynes
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199596492
- eISBN:
- 9780191745669
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199596492.003.0003
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Techniques, Development
For a long time neuroscience has focused on basic research, but now studies have begun to demonstrate how brain science can be put to use to solve practical real-world problems. Specifically, ...
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For a long time neuroscience has focused on basic research, but now studies have begun to demonstrate how brain science can be put to use to solve practical real-world problems. Specifically, research in human neuroimaging has led to the development of techniques that allow to accurately read out a person's conscious experience based only on non-invasive EEG and fMRI measurements of their brain activity. Such ‘brain reading’ is possible because each thought is associated with a unique pattern of brain activity that can serve as a ‘fingerprint’ of this thought in the brain. By training a computer to recognize these fMRI patterns associated with each thought it is possible to read out what someone is currently thinking with high accuracy. Despite these promising findings, there are still many limitations that make it unlikely that a ‘universal thought reading machine’ will be developed in the near future. Nonetheless, the first simple applications have begun to emerge, including brain-computer-interfaces, more reliable lie detectors and approaches for predicting consumer decisions. These raise ethical concerns related to mental privacy, data security and quality control.Less
For a long time neuroscience has focused on basic research, but now studies have begun to demonstrate how brain science can be put to use to solve practical real-world problems. Specifically, research in human neuroimaging has led to the development of techniques that allow to accurately read out a person's conscious experience based only on non-invasive EEG and fMRI measurements of their brain activity. Such ‘brain reading’ is possible because each thought is associated with a unique pattern of brain activity that can serve as a ‘fingerprint’ of this thought in the brain. By training a computer to recognize these fMRI patterns associated with each thought it is possible to read out what someone is currently thinking with high accuracy. Despite these promising findings, there are still many limitations that make it unlikely that a ‘universal thought reading machine’ will be developed in the near future. Nonetheless, the first simple applications have begun to emerge, including brain-computer-interfaces, more reliable lie detectors and approaches for predicting consumer decisions. These raise ethical concerns related to mental privacy, data security and quality control.
Claire L. Jones (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526101426
- eISBN:
- 9781526124166
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526101426.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Drawing together essays written by scholars from Great Britain and the United States, this book provides an important contribution to the emerging field of disability history. It explores the ...
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Drawing together essays written by scholars from Great Britain and the United States, this book provides an important contribution to the emerging field of disability history. It explores the development of modern transatlantic prosthetic industries in nineteenth and twentieth centuries and reveals how the co-alignment of medicine, industrial capitalism, and social norms shaped diverse lived experiences of prosthetic technologies and in turn, disability identities. Through case studies that focus on hearing aids, artificial tympanums, amplified telephones, artificial limbs, wigs and dentures, this book provides a new account of the historic relationship between prostheses, disability and industry. Essays draw on neglected source material, including patent records, trade literature and artefacts, to uncover the historic processes of commodification surrounding different prostheses and the involvement of neglected companies, philanthropists, medical practitioners, veterans, businessmen, wives, mothers and others in these processes. Its culturally informed commodification approach means that this book will be relevant to scholars interested in cultural, literary, social, political, medical, economic and commercial history.Less
Drawing together essays written by scholars from Great Britain and the United States, this book provides an important contribution to the emerging field of disability history. It explores the development of modern transatlantic prosthetic industries in nineteenth and twentieth centuries and reveals how the co-alignment of medicine, industrial capitalism, and social norms shaped diverse lived experiences of prosthetic technologies and in turn, disability identities. Through case studies that focus on hearing aids, artificial tympanums, amplified telephones, artificial limbs, wigs and dentures, this book provides a new account of the historic relationship between prostheses, disability and industry. Essays draw on neglected source material, including patent records, trade literature and artefacts, to uncover the historic processes of commodification surrounding different prostheses and the involvement of neglected companies, philanthropists, medical practitioners, veterans, businessmen, wives, mothers and others in these processes. Its culturally informed commodification approach means that this book will be relevant to scholars interested in cultural, literary, social, political, medical, economic and commercial history.
Sri G. Thrumurthy, Tania S. De Silva, Zia M. Moinuddin, and Stuart Enoch
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780199645640
- eISBN:
- 9780191918209
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199645640.003.0007
- Subject:
- Clinical Medicine and Allied Health, Professional Development in Medicine
Larry R. Squire
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195396133
- eISBN:
- 9780199918409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396133.003.0014
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, History of Neuroscience
Peter H. Schiller, in collaboration with numerous investigators, has carried out research using psychophysical methods, single-cell recordings, microstimulation and pharmacological manipulations. The ...
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Peter H. Schiller, in collaboration with numerous investigators, has carried out research using psychophysical methods, single-cell recordings, microstimulation and pharmacological manipulations. The research has examined (1) The neural underpinnings of visual illusions and visual masking, (2) Retrograde amnesia, (3) The neural control of eye movements, (4) The functions of the midget and parasol systems that originate in the retina, (5) the functions of the ON and OFF channels of the retina and (6) The functions of extrastriate areas in visual processing. Studies at the present time are engaged in assessing the feasibility of creating a prosthetic device for the blind based on electrical stimulation of area V1 and in specifying the neural mechanisms that underlie depth processing.Less
Peter H. Schiller, in collaboration with numerous investigators, has carried out research using psychophysical methods, single-cell recordings, microstimulation and pharmacological manipulations. The research has examined (1) The neural underpinnings of visual illusions and visual masking, (2) Retrograde amnesia, (3) The neural control of eye movements, (4) The functions of the midget and parasol systems that originate in the retina, (5) the functions of the ON and OFF channels of the retina and (6) The functions of extrastriate areas in visual processing. Studies at the present time are engaged in assessing the feasibility of creating a prosthetic device for the blind based on electrical stimulation of area V1 and in specifying the neural mechanisms that underlie depth processing.
Heather R. Perry
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719089244
- eISBN:
- 9781781707982
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719089244.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This book is a critical examination of the relationships between war, medicine, and the pressures of modernization in the waning stages of the German Empire. Through her examination of wartime ...
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This book is a critical examination of the relationships between war, medicine, and the pressures of modernization in the waning stages of the German Empire. Through her examination of wartime medical and scientific innovations, government and military archives, museum and health exhibitions, philanthropic works, consumer culture and popular media, historian Heather Perry reveals how the pressures of modern industrial warfare did more than simply transform medical care for injured soldiers—they fundamentally re-shaped how Germans perceived the disabled body. As the Empire faced an ever more desperate labour shortage, military and government leaders increasingly turned to medical authorities for assistance in the re-organization of German society for total war.Thus, more than a simple history of military medicine or veteran care, Recycling the Disabled tells the story of the medicalization of modern warfare in Imperial Germany and the lasting consequences of this shift in German society.Less
This book is a critical examination of the relationships between war, medicine, and the pressures of modernization in the waning stages of the German Empire. Through her examination of wartime medical and scientific innovations, government and military archives, museum and health exhibitions, philanthropic works, consumer culture and popular media, historian Heather Perry reveals how the pressures of modern industrial warfare did more than simply transform medical care for injured soldiers—they fundamentally re-shaped how Germans perceived the disabled body. As the Empire faced an ever more desperate labour shortage, military and government leaders increasingly turned to medical authorities for assistance in the re-organization of German society for total war.Thus, more than a simple history of military medicine or veteran care, Recycling the Disabled tells the story of the medicalization of modern warfare in Imperial Germany and the lasting consequences of this shift in German society.
Jennifer Van Horn
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469629568
- eISBN:
- 9781469629582
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469629568.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Over the course of the eighteenth century, Anglo-Americans purchased an unprecedented number and array of goods. This book investigates these diverse artifacts—from portraits and city views to ...
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Over the course of the eighteenth century, Anglo-Americans purchased an unprecedented number and array of goods. This book investigates these diverse artifacts—from portraits and city views to gravestones, dressing furniture, and prosthetic devices—to explore how elite American consumers assembled objects to form a new civil society on the margins of the British Empire. In this interdisciplinary transatlantic study, artifacts emerge as key players in the formation of Anglo-American communities and, eventually, of American citizenship. Interweaving analysis of paintings and prints with furniture, architecture, textiles, and literary works, the book reconstructs the networks of goods that bound together consumers in Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Charleston, S.C. Moving beyond emulation and the desire for social status as the primary motivators for consumption, this work illuminates that Anglo-Americans’ material choices were intimately bound up with their efforts to institute civility and to distance themselves from native Americans and African Americans. It also traces colonial women’s contested place in forging provincial culture in British America. As encountered through a woman’s application of makeup at her dressing table or an amputee’s donning of a wooden leg after the Revolutionary War, material artifacts were far from passive markers of rank or political identification. Instead, they actively participated in making Anglo-American society.Less
Over the course of the eighteenth century, Anglo-Americans purchased an unprecedented number and array of goods. This book investigates these diverse artifacts—from portraits and city views to gravestones, dressing furniture, and prosthetic devices—to explore how elite American consumers assembled objects to form a new civil society on the margins of the British Empire. In this interdisciplinary transatlantic study, artifacts emerge as key players in the formation of Anglo-American communities and, eventually, of American citizenship. Interweaving analysis of paintings and prints with furniture, architecture, textiles, and literary works, the book reconstructs the networks of goods that bound together consumers in Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Charleston, S.C. Moving beyond emulation and the desire for social status as the primary motivators for consumption, this work illuminates that Anglo-Americans’ material choices were intimately bound up with their efforts to institute civility and to distance themselves from native Americans and African Americans. It also traces colonial women’s contested place in forging provincial culture in British America. As encountered through a woman’s application of makeup at her dressing table or an amputee’s donning of a wooden leg after the Revolutionary War, material artifacts were far from passive markers of rank or political identification. Instead, they actively participated in making Anglo-American society.
Aaron Shaheen
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- August 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198857785
- eISBN:
- 9780191890406
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198857785.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
Drawing on rehabilitation publications, novels by both famous and lesser-known American writers, and even the prosthetic masks of a classically trained sculptor, Great War Prostheses in American ...
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Drawing on rehabilitation publications, novels by both famous and lesser-known American writers, and even the prosthetic masks of a classically trained sculptor, Great War Prostheses in American Literature and Culture addresses the ways in which prosthetic devices were designed, promoted, and depicted in America in the years during and after the First World War. The war’s mechanized weaponry ushered in an entirely new relationship between organic bodies and the technology that could both cause and attempt to remedy hideous injuries. This relationship was evident in the realm of prosthetic development, which by the second decade of the twentieth century promoted the belief that a prosthesis should be a spiritual extension of the person who possessed it. This spiritualized vision of prostheses held a particular resonance in American postwar culture. Relying on some of the most recent developments in literary and disability studies, the book’s six chapters explain how a prosthesis’s spiritual promise was largely dependent on its ability to nullify an injury and help an amputee renew (or even improve upon) his prewar life. But if it proved too cumbersome, obtrusive, or painful, the device had the long-lasting power to efface or distort his “spirit” or personality.Less
Drawing on rehabilitation publications, novels by both famous and lesser-known American writers, and even the prosthetic masks of a classically trained sculptor, Great War Prostheses in American Literature and Culture addresses the ways in which prosthetic devices were designed, promoted, and depicted in America in the years during and after the First World War. The war’s mechanized weaponry ushered in an entirely new relationship between organic bodies and the technology that could both cause and attempt to remedy hideous injuries. This relationship was evident in the realm of prosthetic development, which by the second decade of the twentieth century promoted the belief that a prosthesis should be a spiritual extension of the person who possessed it. This spiritualized vision of prostheses held a particular resonance in American postwar culture. Relying on some of the most recent developments in literary and disability studies, the book’s six chapters explain how a prosthesis’s spiritual promise was largely dependent on its ability to nullify an injury and help an amputee renew (or even improve upon) his prewar life. But if it proved too cumbersome, obtrusive, or painful, the device had the long-lasting power to efface or distort his “spirit” or personality.
Sarah Nooter
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226656397
- eISBN:
- 9780226656427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226656427.003.0014
- Subject:
- Music, Performing Practice/Studies
This chapter examines instances in Greek literature where the voice is conceptualized as transformed through objects that act as prostheses for the vocalizing body. The particular objects under ...
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This chapter examines instances in Greek literature where the voice is conceptualized as transformed through objects that act as prostheses for the vocalizing body. The particular objects under discussion are two musical instruments: an oboe (the aulos) and a war-trumpet (the salpinx). Both of these instruments were perceived as shifting the boundaries of human voice and body, the aulos by summoning dangerous affective power and the salpinx by producing an aura of invulnerability. The voice in these transformations becomes both an extension of ability and a displacement of identity. The chapter explores the descriptions and implications of these transformations in texts by Aristophanes, Pindar, Homer, Aeschylus, and Aristotle in view of the theories of Mladen Dolar, Steven Connor, and Adriana Cavarero.Less
This chapter examines instances in Greek literature where the voice is conceptualized as transformed through objects that act as prostheses for the vocalizing body. The particular objects under discussion are two musical instruments: an oboe (the aulos) and a war-trumpet (the salpinx). Both of these instruments were perceived as shifting the boundaries of human voice and body, the aulos by summoning dangerous affective power and the salpinx by producing an aura of invulnerability. The voice in these transformations becomes both an extension of ability and a displacement of identity. The chapter explores the descriptions and implications of these transformations in texts by Aristophanes, Pindar, Homer, Aeschylus, and Aristotle in view of the theories of Mladen Dolar, Steven Connor, and Adriana Cavarero.
Elissa Marder
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823240555
- eISBN:
- 9780823240593
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823240555.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
The first section of this chapter presents the main claims of the book regarding the uncanny, technological status of the maternal function, and describes the book's three parts: The chapters in Part ...
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The first section of this chapter presents the main claims of the book regarding the uncanny, technological status of the maternal function, and describes the book's three parts: The chapters in Part I examine how the maternal function troubles Freud's meta-psychological accounts of the psyche; the chapters in Part II interrogate how the maternal function serves as an unacknowledged reference point for modern technologies of reproduction such as photography and the telephone; and the chapters in Part III explore how the maternal function becomes a productive literary figure. The second section of “Pandora's Legacy” is devoted to a reading of Hesiod's treatment of Pandora and, making use of scholarship by classicists Jean-Pierre Vernant, Nicole Loraux, and Froma Zeitlin, argues that Pandora, the first woman, who was made and not born, paradoxically establishes a “matrix” for the technological dimension underlying the concept of human birth, even though she is neither born from a mother nor can even be considered strictly human herself.Less
The first section of this chapter presents the main claims of the book regarding the uncanny, technological status of the maternal function, and describes the book's three parts: The chapters in Part I examine how the maternal function troubles Freud's meta-psychological accounts of the psyche; the chapters in Part II interrogate how the maternal function serves as an unacknowledged reference point for modern technologies of reproduction such as photography and the telephone; and the chapters in Part III explore how the maternal function becomes a productive literary figure. The second section of “Pandora's Legacy” is devoted to a reading of Hesiod's treatment of Pandora and, making use of scholarship by classicists Jean-Pierre Vernant, Nicole Loraux, and Froma Zeitlin, argues that Pandora, the first woman, who was made and not born, paradoxically establishes a “matrix” for the technological dimension underlying the concept of human birth, even though she is neither born from a mother nor can even be considered strictly human herself.
