Clark Ian
- Published in print:
- 1988
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198273257
- eISBN:
- 9780191684012
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198273257.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
What is war, and how should it be waged? Are there restraints on its conduct? What can philosophers contribute to the study of warfare? It might appear to some that the practical activity of the ...
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What is war, and how should it be waged? Are there restraints on its conduct? What can philosophers contribute to the study of warfare? It might appear to some that the practical activity of the battlefield is a universe away from the sedate reflections of the philosopher, but this book argues that there is an important relationship between the concept of war and notions about its proper conduct, and that the practice of war requires a sound philosophical understanding of its nature. The author begins by discussing two traditional doctrines: the just war and the limited war. The first specifies the legitimate ends and means of warfare, viewed in essentially moral terms. The second adopts a more explicitly political view, asserting a need for the means to be proportionate to the objectives of war. Fresh insight is offered into the contrasts and comparisons between these two traditions. An exploration follows of the applicability of such ideas to issues in contemporary warfare: war crimes, choice of targets, restrictions on weapons, guerrilla warfare, and the particular problems associated with nuclear strategy and deterrence. What emerges is a synthesis of philosophy, history of warfare, political theory, and contemporary strategy, which describes how the ideas that are central to the nature of war have developed in the context of changing social, political, and technological environments, and proposes a meeting ground for the integration of the philosophy and practice of war.Less
What is war, and how should it be waged? Are there restraints on its conduct? What can philosophers contribute to the study of warfare? It might appear to some that the practical activity of the battlefield is a universe away from the sedate reflections of the philosopher, but this book argues that there is an important relationship between the concept of war and notions about its proper conduct, and that the practice of war requires a sound philosophical understanding of its nature. The author begins by discussing two traditional doctrines: the just war and the limited war. The first specifies the legitimate ends and means of warfare, viewed in essentially moral terms. The second adopts a more explicitly political view, asserting a need for the means to be proportionate to the objectives of war. Fresh insight is offered into the contrasts and comparisons between these two traditions. An exploration follows of the applicability of such ideas to issues in contemporary warfare: war crimes, choice of targets, restrictions on weapons, guerrilla warfare, and the particular problems associated with nuclear strategy and deterrence. What emerges is a synthesis of philosophy, history of warfare, political theory, and contemporary strategy, which describes how the ideas that are central to the nature of war have developed in the context of changing social, political, and technological environments, and proposes a meeting ground for the integration of the philosophy and practice of war.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231159067
- eISBN:
- 9780231504171
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231159067.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter discusses four kinds of proper conduct: goodness, propriety, loyalty, and faithfulness. Each of these four virtues is explained as follows: The first proper conduct is called a will that ...
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This chapter discusses four kinds of proper conduct: goodness, propriety, loyalty, and faithfulness. Each of these four virtues is explained as follows: The first proper conduct is called a will that strives without neglecting goodness; the second is called an intellect that is used without neglecting propriety; the third is called strength that serves without neglecting loyalty; and the fourth is called a mouth that speaks without neglecting faithfulness. Carefully maintain (these) four (kinds of) proper conduct until the end of your life, for fame and merit will follow them, just as (surely as) objects have shadows and sounds have echoes. Each of these four faculties—will, intellect, strength, and speech—is engaged in four actions: striving, thinking, serving, and speaking. It also describes a final set of ideal outcomes that ultimately arise from the four kinds of proper conduct: generosity, orderliness, achievement, and trustworthiness.Less
This chapter discusses four kinds of proper conduct: goodness, propriety, loyalty, and faithfulness. Each of these four virtues is explained as follows: The first proper conduct is called a will that strives without neglecting goodness; the second is called an intellect that is used without neglecting propriety; the third is called strength that serves without neglecting loyalty; and the fourth is called a mouth that speaks without neglecting faithfulness. Carefully maintain (these) four (kinds of) proper conduct until the end of your life, for fame and merit will follow them, just as (surely as) objects have shadows and sounds have echoes. Each of these four faculties—will, intellect, strength, and speech—is engaged in four actions: striving, thinking, serving, and speaking. It also describes a final set of ideal outcomes that ultimately arise from the four kinds of proper conduct: generosity, orderliness, achievement, and trustworthiness.
Peter Robb
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198075110
- eISBN:
- 9780199080885
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198075110.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter explores the second phase of Richard Blechynden’s relationship with Charlotte. This phase illustrates the differences of opinion about proper conduct, particularly the conflict between ...
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This chapter explores the second phase of Richard Blechynden’s relationship with Charlotte. This phase illustrates the differences of opinion about proper conduct, particularly the conflict between kin and concubines. This chapter discusses the arrival of Blechynden’s seafaring cousin William Marmaduke Blechynden together with his mistress Sally Everell, their son, and some other shipmates at Blechynden’s house. It highlights Charlotte’s conflict with Marmaduke and Sally and Blechynden’s decision to send her away. Though Blechynden’s household was rather vulgar and fractious at that time, it was defined by kinship, judged by friends, and nurtured by servants.Less
This chapter explores the second phase of Richard Blechynden’s relationship with Charlotte. This phase illustrates the differences of opinion about proper conduct, particularly the conflict between kin and concubines. This chapter discusses the arrival of Blechynden’s seafaring cousin William Marmaduke Blechynden together with his mistress Sally Everell, their son, and some other shipmates at Blechynden’s house. It highlights Charlotte’s conflict with Marmaduke and Sally and Blechynden’s decision to send her away. Though Blechynden’s household was rather vulgar and fractious at that time, it was defined by kinship, judged by friends, and nurtured by servants.
Nazera Sadiq Wright
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040573
- eISBN:
- 9780252099014
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040573.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
Long portrayed as a masculine endeavor, the African American struggle for progress often found expression through an unlikely literary figure: the black girl. Drawing on heavy archival research on a ...
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Long portrayed as a masculine endeavor, the African American struggle for progress often found expression through an unlikely literary figure: the black girl. Drawing on heavy archival research on a wide range of texts about African American girls, this book explores the phenomenon of black girlhood. It shows that the figure of the black girl in African American literature provided a powerful avenue for exploring issues like domesticity, femininity, and proper conduct. The characters' actions, however fictional, became a rubric for African American citizenship and racial progress. At the same time, their seeming dependence and insignificance allegorized the unjust treatment of African Americans. The book reveals fascinating black girls who, possessed of a premature knowing and wisdom beyond their years, projected a courage and resiliency that made them exemplary representations of the project of racial advance and citizenship. The book asks why black writers of the period conveyed racial inequality, poverty, and discrimination through the lens of black girlhood; why black writers and activists emphasized certain types of girls; what tropes can be identified in the early literature of black girlhood; and where these girlhood tropes originated. It examines how black girls were represented in the earliest extant examples of the black press and it examines the first writings of black women about girlhood during the antebellum era. In doing this and more, the book documents a literary genealogy of the cultural attitudes toward black girls in the United States.Less
Long portrayed as a masculine endeavor, the African American struggle for progress often found expression through an unlikely literary figure: the black girl. Drawing on heavy archival research on a wide range of texts about African American girls, this book explores the phenomenon of black girlhood. It shows that the figure of the black girl in African American literature provided a powerful avenue for exploring issues like domesticity, femininity, and proper conduct. The characters' actions, however fictional, became a rubric for African American citizenship and racial progress. At the same time, their seeming dependence and insignificance allegorized the unjust treatment of African Americans. The book reveals fascinating black girls who, possessed of a premature knowing and wisdom beyond their years, projected a courage and resiliency that made them exemplary representations of the project of racial advance and citizenship. The book asks why black writers of the period conveyed racial inequality, poverty, and discrimination through the lens of black girlhood; why black writers and activists emphasized certain types of girls; what tropes can be identified in the early literature of black girlhood; and where these girlhood tropes originated. It examines how black girls were represented in the earliest extant examples of the black press and it examines the first writings of black women about girlhood during the antebellum era. In doing this and more, the book documents a literary genealogy of the cultural attitudes toward black girls in the United States.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231159067
- eISBN:
- 9780231504171
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231159067.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This section introduces the reader to the content of the Shizi. Comprised of fifteen titled chapters and 175 fragments, the Shizi is typical in its focus on advice to the ruler but its ostensibly ...
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This section introduces the reader to the content of the Shizi. Comprised of fifteen titled chapters and 175 fragments, the Shizi is typical in its focus on advice to the ruler but its ostensibly political advice can readily be taken as generalized instruction for the individual. Reading the text, it becomes clear that four pieces of advice are paramount for the Shizi: self-cultivation, timeliness, humility, and objectivity. Self-cultivation encompasses the broad learning recommended in the first chapter as well the acquisition of several virtues detailed in the third, seventh, and tenth chapters. Considerateness and broad-mindedness have their own chapters, but propriety is the virtue mentioned most often in the Shizi. Other topics include rulers receiving words of good advice, four kinds of proper conduct, governing the world, good intentions, and spiritous enlightenment.Less
This section introduces the reader to the content of the Shizi. Comprised of fifteen titled chapters and 175 fragments, the Shizi is typical in its focus on advice to the ruler but its ostensibly political advice can readily be taken as generalized instruction for the individual. Reading the text, it becomes clear that four pieces of advice are paramount for the Shizi: self-cultivation, timeliness, humility, and objectivity. Self-cultivation encompasses the broad learning recommended in the first chapter as well the acquisition of several virtues detailed in the third, seventh, and tenth chapters. Considerateness and broad-mindedness have their own chapters, but propriety is the virtue mentioned most often in the Shizi. Other topics include rulers receiving words of good advice, four kinds of proper conduct, governing the world, good intentions, and spiritous enlightenment.
Patrick Barr-Melej
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469632575
- eISBN:
- 9781469632599
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469632575.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
The imperatives of censuring and limiting the cultural heterodoxy of young people, in combination with the polemical barrages being exchanged among sociopolitical foes over counterculture, accorded ...
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The imperatives of censuring and limiting the cultural heterodoxy of young people, in combination with the polemical barrages being exchanged among sociopolitical foes over counterculture, accorded particular utility to the subject of this chapter: the “good young Chilean.” The era’s foremost political factions each defined their own activist youths as good young Chileans who stood in contrast to both countercultural youths and their opponents’ young militants. For the Left, projections of the good young Marxist were particularly useful in discerning what properly revolutionary conduct was or should be in light of the revolutionary pursuits of Siloists and other heterodox youths. But intergenerational friction arose within leftist ranks as some young radicals gravitated toward forms of personal agency and expression that typically were associated with counterculture.Less
The imperatives of censuring and limiting the cultural heterodoxy of young people, in combination with the polemical barrages being exchanged among sociopolitical foes over counterculture, accorded particular utility to the subject of this chapter: the “good young Chilean.” The era’s foremost political factions each defined their own activist youths as good young Chileans who stood in contrast to both countercultural youths and their opponents’ young militants. For the Left, projections of the good young Marxist were particularly useful in discerning what properly revolutionary conduct was or should be in light of the revolutionary pursuits of Siloists and other heterodox youths. But intergenerational friction arose within leftist ranks as some young radicals gravitated toward forms of personal agency and expression that typically were associated with counterculture.
