G. A. Cohen
Jonathan Wolff (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691149004
- eISBN:
- 9781400848713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691149004.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter defends Karl Marx against the criticism that he lacks the right to regard his theory as true, insisting that he had the right to think that he was right. To this end, it advances four ...
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This chapter defends Karl Marx against the criticism that he lacks the right to regard his theory as true, insisting that he had the right to think that he was right. To this end, it advances four arguments intended to show that if Marx's theory serves and represents the working class, then it is reasonable to think that it is correct. The first argument relates to Marx's thinking that every class which makes a revolution does so in order to advance its own material interests; the second deals with the suffering of the proletariat in capitalist society; the third concerns the workers' revolutionary struggle, a socialist revolution; and the fourth argument is based on the premise that when a class is secure in its position it needs no illusions. The chapter also considers Reinhold Niebuhr's views on how the proletariat can effect its revolution.Less
This chapter defends Karl Marx against the criticism that he lacks the right to regard his theory as true, insisting that he had the right to think that he was right. To this end, it advances four arguments intended to show that if Marx's theory serves and represents the working class, then it is reasonable to think that it is correct. The first argument relates to Marx's thinking that every class which makes a revolution does so in order to advance its own material interests; the second deals with the suffering of the proletariat in capitalist society; the third concerns the workers' revolutionary struggle, a socialist revolution; and the fourth argument is based on the premise that when a class is secure in its position it needs no illusions. The chapter also considers Reinhold Niebuhr's views on how the proletariat can effect its revolution.
David William Foster
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813036656
- eISBN:
- 9780813038445
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036656.003.0012
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
As a city fast approaching 20 million inhabitants, there are many different São Paulos, and it is unlikely that anyone today could write a comprehensive analysis of the city and its cultural ...
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As a city fast approaching 20 million inhabitants, there are many different São Paulos, and it is unlikely that anyone today could write a comprehensive analysis of the city and its cultural production. Two threads that can be called something like a social alignment dominate the chapters that make up this book. Against the backdrop of a culture that is the consequence of the impressive growth of a São Paulo intransigently committed to the project of political and economic modernization (major traces of which can be seen in the photography of Claude Lévi-Strauss), this book has chosen to emphasize culture that promotes proletarian interests, without writing necessarily from a populist or Marxian perspective. One major reason for this is quite clear: São Paulo is a laboratory of immigrant culture and, while not all immigrants belonged to the proletariat, the vast majority did, and they populated the factories and workplaces and peopled the streets. The second thread that runs through this book is that of gender.Less
As a city fast approaching 20 million inhabitants, there are many different São Paulos, and it is unlikely that anyone today could write a comprehensive analysis of the city and its cultural production. Two threads that can be called something like a social alignment dominate the chapters that make up this book. Against the backdrop of a culture that is the consequence of the impressive growth of a São Paulo intransigently committed to the project of political and economic modernization (major traces of which can be seen in the photography of Claude Lévi-Strauss), this book has chosen to emphasize culture that promotes proletarian interests, without writing necessarily from a populist or Marxian perspective. One major reason for this is quite clear: São Paulo is a laboratory of immigrant culture and, while not all immigrants belonged to the proletariat, the vast majority did, and they populated the factories and workplaces and peopled the streets. The second thread that runs through this book is that of gender.
Allen J. Scott
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199549306
- eISBN:
- 9780191701511
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549306.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business, Political Economy
This book is about the renaissance of cities in the 21st century and their increasing role as centers of creative economic activity. It attempts to put some conceptual and descriptive order around ...
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This book is about the renaissance of cities in the 21st century and their increasing role as centers of creative economic activity. It attempts to put some conceptual and descriptive order around issues of urbanization in the contemporary world, emphasizing the idea of the social economy of the metropolis, which is to say, a view of the urban organism as an intertwined system of social and economic life played out through the arena of urban space. The book opens with a review of some essentials of urban theory. It aims to re-articulate the urban question in a way that is relevant to city life and politics in the present era. It then analyses the functional characteristics of the urban economy, with special reference to the rise of a group of core sectors such as media, fashion, music, etc. focused on cognitive and cultural forms of work. These sectors are growing with great rapidity in the world’s largest cities at the present time, and they play a major role in the urban resurgence that has been occurring of late. The discussion then explores the spatial ramifications of this new economy in cities and the ways in which it appears to be ushering in major shifts in divisions of labor and urban social stratification, as marked by a growing divide between a stratum of elite workers on the one side and a low-wage proletariat on the other.Less
This book is about the renaissance of cities in the 21st century and their increasing role as centers of creative economic activity. It attempts to put some conceptual and descriptive order around issues of urbanization in the contemporary world, emphasizing the idea of the social economy of the metropolis, which is to say, a view of the urban organism as an intertwined system of social and economic life played out through the arena of urban space. The book opens with a review of some essentials of urban theory. It aims to re-articulate the urban question in a way that is relevant to city life and politics in the present era. It then analyses the functional characteristics of the urban economy, with special reference to the rise of a group of core sectors such as media, fashion, music, etc. focused on cognitive and cultural forms of work. These sectors are growing with great rapidity in the world’s largest cities at the present time, and they play a major role in the urban resurgence that has been occurring of late. The discussion then explores the spatial ramifications of this new economy in cities and the ways in which it appears to be ushering in major shifts in divisions of labor and urban social stratification, as marked by a growing divide between a stratum of elite workers on the one side and a low-wage proletariat on the other.
Richard D. Heldenfels
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628462388
- eISBN:
- 9781626746831
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628462388.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, Comics Studies
Engaging the Joker’s potential for political symbolism, Richard D Heldenfels suggests we read the character as a manifestation of Marxist thinking. Rather than seeing the Clown Prince in traditional ...
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Engaging the Joker’s potential for political symbolism, Richard D Heldenfels suggests we read the character as a manifestation of Marxist thinking. Rather than seeing the Clown Prince in traditional ways – as insane, as an anarchist – Heldenfels suggests that “a crucial distinction between anarchists and Marxists involves the concentration of power,” and that the Joker, in fact, rejects some but not all authority, reserving his own power to guide the masses along his path. Moreover, reading the Joker as Marxist is the necessary and preliminary step toward reading the Caped Crusader – since Batman is framed as the Joker’s antithesis – as fundamentally capitalist.Less
Engaging the Joker’s potential for political symbolism, Richard D Heldenfels suggests we read the character as a manifestation of Marxist thinking. Rather than seeing the Clown Prince in traditional ways – as insane, as an anarchist – Heldenfels suggests that “a crucial distinction between anarchists and Marxists involves the concentration of power,” and that the Joker, in fact, rejects some but not all authority, reserving his own power to guide the masses along his path. Moreover, reading the Joker as Marxist is the necessary and preliminary step toward reading the Caped Crusader – since Batman is framed as the Joker’s antithesis – as fundamentally capitalist.
John Biggart
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198278665
- eISBN:
- 9780191684227
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198278665.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter argues that while Bukharin is considered to have been a custodian of Leninism and the gradual change during the New Economic Policy (NEP), his theory of cultural revolution differed ...
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This chapter argues that while Bukharin is considered to have been a custodian of Leninism and the gradual change during the New Economic Policy (NEP), his theory of cultural revolution differed significantly from that of Lenin. Bukharin advocated a radical break with the NEP system between late Leninism and Stalinism. It also examines the influence of the Bolshevik social thought of Alexander Malinovsky-Bogdanov on Bukharin. In his description of the cultural values of the proletariat under capitalism, he borrowed freely, if selectively, from Bogdanov's work.Less
This chapter argues that while Bukharin is considered to have been a custodian of Leninism and the gradual change during the New Economic Policy (NEP), his theory of cultural revolution differed significantly from that of Lenin. Bukharin advocated a radical break with the NEP system between late Leninism and Stalinism. It also examines the influence of the Bolshevik social thought of Alexander Malinovsky-Bogdanov on Bukharin. In his description of the cultural values of the proletariat under capitalism, he borrowed freely, if selectively, from Bogdanov's work.
Claudio Lomnitz-Adler
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520077881
- eISBN:
- 9780520912472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520077881.003.0006
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
This chapter describes the regional organization of class. It also presents a spatial framework in which to place Morelos' intimate cultures and the “flow of mestizaje” in the region. Localities in ...
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This chapter describes the regional organization of class. It also presents a spatial framework in which to place Morelos' intimate cultures and the “flow of mestizaje” in the region. Localities in Morelos are classified according to three main criteria: position in the marketing hierarchy, position in the core/periphery structure, and position in the political-administrative structure. It then presents a general picture of the regional organization of Morelos' culture, as well as an outline of the transformations that Morelos' regional culture has undergone in the past thirty years. It is shown that the processes of cultural change involve four main classes: the peasantry, the petite bourgeoisie, the rural proletariat, and the urban or modern proletariat. During the period of industrialization, the old jornalero class is revitalized in the form of migrant labor from outside of the state.Less
This chapter describes the regional organization of class. It also presents a spatial framework in which to place Morelos' intimate cultures and the “flow of mestizaje” in the region. Localities in Morelos are classified according to three main criteria: position in the marketing hierarchy, position in the core/periphery structure, and position in the political-administrative structure. It then presents a general picture of the regional organization of Morelos' culture, as well as an outline of the transformations that Morelos' regional culture has undergone in the past thirty years. It is shown that the processes of cultural change involve four main classes: the peasantry, the petite bourgeoisie, the rural proletariat, and the urban or modern proletariat. During the period of industrialization, the old jornalero class is revitalized in the form of migrant labor from outside of the state.
Axel Honneth
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195320466
- eISBN:
- 9780199851591
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320466.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
During the 1920s and the 1930s, the notion of reification brought about recurring themes that concerned social and cultural critique. This term was used to describe the increasing level of ...
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During the 1920s and the 1930s, the notion of reification brought about recurring themes that concerned social and cultural critique. This term was used to describe the increasing level of unemployment, the economic crisis, and other such historical events that characterized the Weimar Republic. By combining concepts adapted from prominent philosophers such as Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Georg Simmel, George Lukács was able to come up with a three-part dissertation—“Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat” which prompted that the forms of life in such circumstances be examined as a consequence of social reification. This chapter illustrates four indicators which demonstrate how the term reification has veered away from the definition it acquired from the Weimar Republic and has moved toward a more theoretical discourse.Less
During the 1920s and the 1930s, the notion of reification brought about recurring themes that concerned social and cultural critique. This term was used to describe the increasing level of unemployment, the economic crisis, and other such historical events that characterized the Weimar Republic. By combining concepts adapted from prominent philosophers such as Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Georg Simmel, George Lukács was able to come up with a three-part dissertation—“Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat” which prompted that the forms of life in such circumstances be examined as a consequence of social reification. This chapter illustrates four indicators which demonstrate how the term reification has veered away from the definition it acquired from the Weimar Republic and has moved toward a more theoretical discourse.
Ernest Mandel
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814757437
- eISBN:
- 9780814763469
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814757437.003.0063
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter explains that socialism can aid Jews in the pursuit of a Zionist ideal. It argues that anti-Semitism had originated from a Zionist nationalism espoused by despairing and declassed Jewish ...
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This chapter explains that socialism can aid Jews in the pursuit of a Zionist ideal. It argues that anti-Semitism had originated from a Zionist nationalism espoused by despairing and declassed Jewish petty bourgeois, but the equalization of all Jews in extermination camps had shaped a sense of nationalism. The chapter shows how the Jewish working masses, after passing through a series of disappointing experiences, will recognize that their future is linked with that of the proletariat and the revolutionary movement and that they will again, as in the past, take an important place in this movement, and will owe their final emancipation to a devoted struggle for the cause of socialism.Less
This chapter explains that socialism can aid Jews in the pursuit of a Zionist ideal. It argues that anti-Semitism had originated from a Zionist nationalism espoused by despairing and declassed Jewish petty bourgeois, but the equalization of all Jews in extermination camps had shaped a sense of nationalism. The chapter shows how the Jewish working masses, after passing through a series of disappointing experiences, will recognize that their future is linked with that of the proletariat and the revolutionary movement and that they will again, as in the past, take an important place in this movement, and will owe their final emancipation to a devoted struggle for the cause of socialism.
Marc Mulholland
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199653577
- eISBN:
- 9780191744594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199653577.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, History of Ideas
The problematic of the book is presented: whether wherever the proletariat appeared as an independent force, the bourgeoisie shifted to the camp of the counter-revolution; whether the bolder the ...
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The problematic of the book is presented: whether wherever the proletariat appeared as an independent force, the bourgeoisie shifted to the camp of the counter-revolution; whether the bolder the struggle of the masses, the quicker the reactionary transformation of liberalism. A ‘left-wing’ version and a ‘right-wing’ version are summarised. An original social definition of the ‘bourgeoisie’ is suggested, and the ‘proletariat’ defined. The terms ‘bourgeois civil society’ and ‘proletarian democracy’ are defined. An overview of the book's contents is outlined.Less
The problematic of the book is presented: whether wherever the proletariat appeared as an independent force, the bourgeoisie shifted to the camp of the counter-revolution; whether the bolder the struggle of the masses, the quicker the reactionary transformation of liberalism. A ‘left-wing’ version and a ‘right-wing’ version are summarised. An original social definition of the ‘bourgeoisie’ is suggested, and the ‘proletariat’ defined. The terms ‘bourgeois civil society’ and ‘proletarian democracy’ are defined. An overview of the book's contents is outlined.
Patricia Penn Hilden
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198228837
- eISBN:
- 9780191678837
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198228837.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines the Association Internationale des Travailleurs, organized by Belgium women working in the textile industry under the aegis of the First International, and complete with an ...
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This chapter examines the Association Internationale des Travailleurs, organized by Belgium women working in the textile industry under the aegis of the First International, and complete with an ideology of women's place. The women insisted on a prominent public role in the class struggle and claimed for themselves a purely domestic sphere. By the end of the First International, it was clear that Belgium's working women would play a key role in whatever movement eventually succeeded in organizing the nation's proletariat.Less
This chapter examines the Association Internationale des Travailleurs, organized by Belgium women working in the textile industry under the aegis of the First International, and complete with an ideology of women's place. The women insisted on a prominent public role in the class struggle and claimed for themselves a purely domestic sphere. By the end of the First International, it was clear that Belgium's working women would play a key role in whatever movement eventually succeeded in organizing the nation's proletariat.
Roman Szporluk
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195051032
- eISBN:
- 9780199854417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195051032.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The chapter focuses on the work of Marx and Engels from the years 1845 to 1848. It also raised other issues such as the role of the state in developing societies and the relation between the ...
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The chapter focuses on the work of Marx and Engels from the years 1845 to 1848. It also raised other issues such as the role of the state in developing societies and the relation between the political sphere with that of the economy and culture. Marx and Engels continued to work on questions of nationality and its role in history and politics. Marx and Engels both thought that the German bourgeoisie fought for their own interest while exploiting the proletariat. The struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat was most intense in England so that Marx thought that a “European war” would be a world war. The liberation of nations depended on the development of the proletarian against capitalism. Marx realized that social, political, national, and international issues and conflicts were all related to each other.Less
The chapter focuses on the work of Marx and Engels from the years 1845 to 1848. It also raised other issues such as the role of the state in developing societies and the relation between the political sphere with that of the economy and culture. Marx and Engels continued to work on questions of nationality and its role in history and politics. Marx and Engels both thought that the German bourgeoisie fought for their own interest while exploiting the proletariat. The struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat was most intense in England so that Marx thought that a “European war” would be a world war. The liberation of nations depended on the development of the proletarian against capitalism. Marx realized that social, political, national, and international issues and conflicts were all related to each other.
Theodore Zeldin
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198221777
- eISBN:
- 9780191678493
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198221777.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter reveals that proletariats were considered as outcasts of society, ‘the dangerous classes’, the pariahs whose limits of freedom were considerable. This chapter reveals that the French ...
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This chapter reveals that proletariats were considered as outcasts of society, ‘the dangerous classes’, the pariahs whose limits of freedom were considerable. This chapter reveals that the French Revolution did little for the average worker. He was given the right to practise any trade he pleased — the corporations were abolished — but he was subject to important and humiliating restrictions. This chapter also discusses the Civil Code which had a narrow view of citizenship, which it confused with the possession of property, and so it made the penniless worker almost an outlaw. It was principally concerned not with making men equal but with protecting property. It contained numerous articles about contracts of sale, exchange, and lease; it contained as many as thirty-one articles about the legal position of rented livestock, but only two articles on the worker and his relations with his employers; and both of these were taken over from the ancien régime.Less
This chapter reveals that proletariats were considered as outcasts of society, ‘the dangerous classes’, the pariahs whose limits of freedom were considerable. This chapter reveals that the French Revolution did little for the average worker. He was given the right to practise any trade he pleased — the corporations were abolished — but he was subject to important and humiliating restrictions. This chapter also discusses the Civil Code which had a narrow view of citizenship, which it confused with the possession of property, and so it made the penniless worker almost an outlaw. It was principally concerned not with making men equal but with protecting property. It contained numerous articles about contracts of sale, exchange, and lease; it contained as many as thirty-one articles about the legal position of rented livestock, but only two articles on the worker and his relations with his employers; and both of these were taken over from the ancien régime.
Jean-Luc Nancy and Jeff Fort
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780823275922
- eISBN:
- 9780823277056
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823275922.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Heidegger’s anti-Semitism is “historial” because it attributes to the Jewish people a task that is both world-historical and philosophically significant, having to do with the uprooting of beings. ...
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Heidegger’s anti-Semitism is “historial” because it attributes to the Jewish people a task that is both world-historical and philosophically significant, having to do with the uprooting of beings. Why, according to Heidegger’s logic, must this be attributed to the Jews, since the process described involves multiple agents? Because the Jews are the racialized people that brings about a “deracialization” of humanity, a levelling and equivalence in indifference. This process can be compared by analogy with Marx’s analysis of money as the general equivalent, and of the proletariat as the agent and figure of revolution. For Heidegger, the new beginning of humanity requires a figure, a type, embodied in a people capable of hastening the end. For every singular beginning requires a people, as does every end.Less
Heidegger’s anti-Semitism is “historial” because it attributes to the Jewish people a task that is both world-historical and philosophically significant, having to do with the uprooting of beings. Why, according to Heidegger’s logic, must this be attributed to the Jews, since the process described involves multiple agents? Because the Jews are the racialized people that brings about a “deracialization” of humanity, a levelling and equivalence in indifference. This process can be compared by analogy with Marx’s analysis of money as the general equivalent, and of the proletariat as the agent and figure of revolution. For Heidegger, the new beginning of humanity requires a figure, a type, embodied in a people capable of hastening the end. For every singular beginning requires a people, as does every end.
Bert Mittchell Scruggs
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824851620
- eISBN:
- 9780824868055
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824851620.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Translingual Narration: Colonial and Postcolonial Taiwanese Fiction and Film is a study of colonial Taiwanese fiction, its translation from Japanese to Chinese, and films produced during and about ...
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Translingual Narration: Colonial and Postcolonial Taiwanese Fiction and Film is a study of colonial Taiwanese fiction, its translation from Japanese to Chinese, and films produced during and about the colonial era; a postcolonial intervention, not a study of empire. First introduced is identity politics and fiction as a means of reading stories written by Taiwanese authors in Chinese or Japanese. The identity politics behind Chinese translations of Japanese texts, time, vernacular theories by Guo Qiusheng and critical space comprise chapter two. Chapter three focuses on ethnicity and location and the work of Wu Zhuoliu, Wang Changxiong, and Weng Nao. Chapter four focuses on class identity and proletarian literature with the works of Yang Kui, Wang Shilang, Yang Shouyu, and Zhu Dianren. Chapter five focuses on critical gender politics and colonial fiction with the work of Zhang Bihua, Ye Tao, Huang Baotao, and Yang Qianhe. Chapter six tests the limits of nostalgia and solastalgia in fiction and film, by looking at how both the colonial future and past are remembered. An afterword concludes that translation studies and memory studies are possible avenues of discovery for continued postcolonial interventions into the study of postcolonial and colonial Taiwanese fiction and culture.Less
Translingual Narration: Colonial and Postcolonial Taiwanese Fiction and Film is a study of colonial Taiwanese fiction, its translation from Japanese to Chinese, and films produced during and about the colonial era; a postcolonial intervention, not a study of empire. First introduced is identity politics and fiction as a means of reading stories written by Taiwanese authors in Chinese or Japanese. The identity politics behind Chinese translations of Japanese texts, time, vernacular theories by Guo Qiusheng and critical space comprise chapter two. Chapter three focuses on ethnicity and location and the work of Wu Zhuoliu, Wang Changxiong, and Weng Nao. Chapter four focuses on class identity and proletarian literature with the works of Yang Kui, Wang Shilang, Yang Shouyu, and Zhu Dianren. Chapter five focuses on critical gender politics and colonial fiction with the work of Zhang Bihua, Ye Tao, Huang Baotao, and Yang Qianhe. Chapter six tests the limits of nostalgia and solastalgia in fiction and film, by looking at how both the colonial future and past are remembered. An afterword concludes that translation studies and memory studies are possible avenues of discovery for continued postcolonial interventions into the study of postcolonial and colonial Taiwanese fiction and culture.
Burnett Bolloten
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469624464
- eISBN:
- 9781469624488
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469624464.003.0059
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter notes the increasing dissatisfaction of the proletariat with the Negrín government, citing its actions as counter to the spirit of the Revolution and the social changes that they had ...
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This chapter notes the increasing dissatisfaction of the proletariat with the Negrín government, citing its actions as counter to the spirit of the Revolution and the social changes that they had fought for. The Negrín administration, in keeping with its policy of courting the Western democracies, had attempted to conciliate foreign capital. The government also attempted to decollectivize and nationalize a few Spanish enterprises, return other firms to their original owners, and even militarize the war industry. Although restitutions were few, the resulting propaganda was widespread, as the working class grew increasingly frustrated with a system that seemed to mirror that of the pre-Revolutionary days.Less
This chapter notes the increasing dissatisfaction of the proletariat with the Negrín government, citing its actions as counter to the spirit of the Revolution and the social changes that they had fought for. The Negrín administration, in keeping with its policy of courting the Western democracies, had attempted to conciliate foreign capital. The government also attempted to decollectivize and nationalize a few Spanish enterprises, return other firms to their original owners, and even militarize the war industry. Although restitutions were few, the resulting propaganda was widespread, as the working class grew increasingly frustrated with a system that seemed to mirror that of the pre-Revolutionary days.
Daniel Oesch
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199680962
- eISBN:
- 9780191761010
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680962.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR
This chapter argues that governments have some latitude in how they accommodate technical change and translate it into the organization of labour. Accordingly, it examines how labour market ...
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This chapter argues that governments have some latitude in how they accommodate technical change and translate it into the organization of labour. Accordingly, it examines how labour market institutions affect the employment structure. It does so first by discussing the effect of wage-setting on low-productivity jobs. It then compares country indicators for wage-setting and examines the link between wage dispersion and growth in personal service jobs. It concludes with an analysis of how two contradictory changes in wage-setting affected job growth in personal services over the last decade: the introduction of the minimum wage in Britain (which increased the wage floor from 1999 onwards) and the firm exits from collective bargaining and the Hartz laws in Germany (which reduced the wage floor in the 2000s).Less
This chapter argues that governments have some latitude in how they accommodate technical change and translate it into the organization of labour. Accordingly, it examines how labour market institutions affect the employment structure. It does so first by discussing the effect of wage-setting on low-productivity jobs. It then compares country indicators for wage-setting and examines the link between wage dispersion and growth in personal service jobs. It concludes with an analysis of how two contradictory changes in wage-setting affected job growth in personal services over the last decade: the introduction of the minimum wage in Britain (which increased the wage floor from 1999 onwards) and the firm exits from collective bargaining and the Hartz laws in Germany (which reduced the wage floor in the 2000s).
Janet J. Ewald
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780300163872
- eISBN:
- 9780300166460
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300163872.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter explores the use of the word “sidi” or “seedie” and its multiple meanings in the maritime life in the northwest Indian Ocean. It argues that the multiple meanings of the word “sidi” ...
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This chapter explores the use of the word “sidi” or “seedie” and its multiple meanings in the maritime life in the northwest Indian Ocean. It argues that the multiple meanings of the word “sidi” offer a palimpsest that reveals continuities and changes in African bondage over almost four centuries in the region. The history of enslaved mariners and seafarers is explored, showing the existence of a maritime proletariat. The reign of Malik Ambar is discussed as well as the role of Europeans in bringing war captives and other enslaved persons into maritime commerce. With the rise of demand for indentured labor, the abolition of slavery in British territories, commercialization and improvements in technologies, millions were pulled into ocean voyages in the nineteenth century. These events led to the rise of another community of “seedies,” segregated African workers on boats, who also shared a heritage of African enslavement.Less
This chapter explores the use of the word “sidi” or “seedie” and its multiple meanings in the maritime life in the northwest Indian Ocean. It argues that the multiple meanings of the word “sidi” offer a palimpsest that reveals continuities and changes in African bondage over almost four centuries in the region. The history of enslaved mariners and seafarers is explored, showing the existence of a maritime proletariat. The reign of Malik Ambar is discussed as well as the role of Europeans in bringing war captives and other enslaved persons into maritime commerce. With the rise of demand for indentured labor, the abolition of slavery in British territories, commercialization and improvements in technologies, millions were pulled into ocean voyages in the nineteenth century. These events led to the rise of another community of “seedies,” segregated African workers on boats, who also shared a heritage of African enslavement.
Étienne Balibar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780823273607
- eISBN:
- 9780823273652
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823273607.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter reexamines a recurring question in interpretations of Marx: “What is the relationship between his concept of politics and religious (or theological) discourse?” Here, the chapter focuses ...
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This chapter reexamines a recurring question in interpretations of Marx: “What is the relationship between his concept of politics and religious (or theological) discourse?” Here, the chapter focuses mainly upon a single text: the article, entitled “Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie. Einleitung,” that Marx published in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher in March 1844. For the first time, in this text, Marx uses the name “proletariat.” Hence, this chapter shows that, read to the letter and placed within its proper context, this text represents the “messianic moment” in Marx's thought, and it makes it possible to examine the permanence and the metamorphoses of this dimension throughout his work.Less
This chapter reexamines a recurring question in interpretations of Marx: “What is the relationship between his concept of politics and religious (or theological) discourse?” Here, the chapter focuses mainly upon a single text: the article, entitled “Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie. Einleitung,” that Marx published in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher in March 1844. For the first time, in this text, Marx uses the name “proletariat.” Hence, this chapter shows that, read to the letter and placed within its proper context, this text represents the “messianic moment” in Marx's thought, and it makes it possible to examine the permanence and the metamorphoses of this dimension throughout his work.
Robert Daniels
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300106497
- eISBN:
- 9780300134933
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300106497.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines the extent to which the philosophy of Marxism was embodied by Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik movement, and the Soviet regime, or the degree to which they were instead products of ...
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This chapter examines the extent to which the philosophy of Marxism was embodied by Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik movement, and the Soviet regime, or the degree to which they were instead products of Russian history. It can be argued that Lenin abandoned his Marxian heritage in favor of the ideas championed by the revolutionaries of Russia who came before him. Despite the Bolsheviks' Marxist language, the Russian Revolution was shaped by Russian beliefs, the result of which was intrinsically Russian—namely, that it was Lenin's revolution rather than Karl Marx's. The chapter also discusses the proletariat, Bolshevism, and historical materialism in the eyes of Lenin.Less
This chapter examines the extent to which the philosophy of Marxism was embodied by Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik movement, and the Soviet regime, or the degree to which they were instead products of Russian history. It can be argued that Lenin abandoned his Marxian heritage in favor of the ideas championed by the revolutionaries of Russia who came before him. Despite the Bolsheviks' Marxist language, the Russian Revolution was shaped by Russian beliefs, the result of which was intrinsically Russian—namely, that it was Lenin's revolution rather than Karl Marx's. The chapter also discusses the proletariat, Bolshevism, and historical materialism in the eyes of Lenin.
K.P. Kannan and Jan Breman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198090311
- eISBN:
- 9780199082490
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198090311.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This chapter summarises the findings of a survey conducted between August 2010 and February 2011 to assess the implementation of the Informal Workers’ Social Security Act of 2008 in general and the ...
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This chapter summarises the findings of a survey conducted between August 2010 and February 2011 to assess the implementation of the Informal Workers’ Social Security Act of 2008 in general and the practice of poor relief in particular in four villages in South Gujarat. These four localities are Bardoligam in the Surat district, Chikhligam and Gandevigam in the Navsari district, and Atulgam in the Valsad district. The study was intended to identify Halpati households, where at least one member was a possible beneficiary of the state’s poor relief schemes. In the fight against poverty, one strategy used by the state was to generate employment in rural public works. The survey showed that some of the segments of the rural proletariat are better off than others, with the households with no or hardly any labour power being the worst.Less
This chapter summarises the findings of a survey conducted between August 2010 and February 2011 to assess the implementation of the Informal Workers’ Social Security Act of 2008 in general and the practice of poor relief in particular in four villages in South Gujarat. These four localities are Bardoligam in the Surat district, Chikhligam and Gandevigam in the Navsari district, and Atulgam in the Valsad district. The study was intended to identify Halpati households, where at least one member was a possible beneficiary of the state’s poor relief schemes. In the fight against poverty, one strategy used by the state was to generate employment in rural public works. The survey showed that some of the segments of the rural proletariat are better off than others, with the households with no or hardly any labour power being the worst.
